Redinger J, Kabil E, Forkin KT, Kleiman AM, Dunn LK. Resting and Recharging: A Narrative Review of Strategies to Improve Sleep During Residency Training.
J Grad Med Educ 2022;
14:420-430. [PMID:
35991104 PMCID:
PMC9380640 DOI:
10.4300/jgme-d-21-01035.1]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Residency involves demanding training with long hours that may cause fatigue and sleep deprivation and adversely impact residents and patients under their care.
OBJECTIVE
To identify, using a narrative review, evidence-based interventions to reduce the physiologic effects of fatigue and sleep deprivation from overnight and night shift work.
METHODS
A PubMed literature search was conducted through August 30, 2021, using the terms "resident" and "sleep" in the title or abstract and further narrowed using a third search term. Observational studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses of human subjects written and published in English were included. Studies that were not specific to residents or medical interns or did not investigate an intervention were excluded. Additional studies were identified by bibliography review. Due to the heterogeneity of study design and intervention, a narrative review approach was chosen with results categorized into non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions.
RESULTS
Initially, 271 articles were identified, which were narrowed to 28 articles with the use of a third search term related to sleep. Bibliography review yielded 4 additional articles. Data on interventions are limited by the heterogeneity of medical specialty, sample size, length of follow-up, and reliance on self-report. Non-pharmacological interventions including strategic scheduling and sleep hygiene may improve sleep and well-being. The available evidence, including randomized controlled trials, to support pharmacological interventions is limited.
CONCLUSIONS
Non-pharmacological approaches to mitigating fatigue and sleep deprivation have varying effectiveness to improve sleep for residents; however, data for pharmacological interventions is limited.
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