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Amábile-Cuevas CF, Lund-Zaina S. Non-Canonical Aspects of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:565. [PMID: 38927231 PMCID: PMC11200725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The understanding of antibiotic resistance, one of the major health threats of our time, is mostly based on dated and incomplete notions, especially in clinical contexts. The "canonical" mechanisms of action and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics, as well as the methods used to assess their activity upon bacteria, have not changed in decades; the same applies to the definition, acquisition, selective pressures, and drivers of resistance. As a consequence, the strategies to improve antibiotic usage and overcome resistance have ultimately failed. This review gathers most of the "non-canonical" notions on antibiotics and resistance: from the alternative mechanisms of action of antibiotics and the limitations of susceptibility testing to the wide variety of selective pressures, lateral gene transfer mechanisms, ubiquity, and societal factors maintaining resistance. Only by having a "big picture" view of the problem can adequate strategies to harness resistance be devised. These strategies must be global, addressing the many aspects that drive the increasing prevalence of resistant bacteria aside from the clinical use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia Lund-Zaina
- Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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Chen Z, Toro M, Moreno-Switt AI, Adell AD, Delgado-Suárez EJ, Bonelli RR, Oliveira CJB, Reyes-Jara A, Huang X, Albee B, Grim CJ, Allard M, Tallent SM, Brown EW, Bell RL, Meng J. Unveiling the genomic landscape of Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Infantis in Latin American surface waters: a comparative analysis. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0004724. [PMID: 38546218 PMCID: PMC11064523 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00047-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface waters are considered ecological habitats where Salmonella enterica can persist and disseminate to fresh produce production systems. This study aimed to explore the genomic profiles of S. enterica serotypes Typhimurium, Newport, and Infantis from surface waters in Chile, Mexico, and Brazil collected between 2019 and 2022. We analyzed the whole genomes of 106 S. Typhimurium, 161 S. Newport, and 113 S. Infantis isolates. Our phylogenetic analysis exhibited distinct groupings of isolates by their respective countries except for a notable case involving a Chilean S. Newport isolate closely related to two Mexican isolates, showing 4 and 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms of difference, respectively. The patterns of the most frequently detected antimicrobial resistance genes varied across countries and serotypes. A strong correlation existed between integron carriage and genotypic multidrug resistance (MDR) across serotypes in Chile and Mexico (R > 0.90, P < 0.01), while integron(s) were not detected in any of the Brazilian isolates. By contrast, we did not identify any strong correlation between plasmid carriage and genotypic MDR across diverse countries and serotypes.IMPORTANCEUnveiling the genomic landscape of S. enterica in Latin American surface waters is pivotal for ensuring public health. This investigation sheds light on the intricate genomic diversity of S. enterica in surface waters across Chile, Mexico, and Brazil. Our research also addresses critical knowledge gaps, pioneering a comprehensive understanding of surface waters as a reservoir for multidrug-resistant S. enterica. By integrating our understanding of integron carriage as biomarkers into broader MDR control strategies, we can also work toward targeted interventions that mitigate the emergence and dissemination of MDR in S. enterica in surface waters. Given its potential implications for food safety, this study emphasizes the critical need for informed policies and collaborative initiatives to address the risks associated with S. enterica in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition and Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Magaly Toro
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition and Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea I. Moreno-Switt
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aiko D. Adell
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Facultad de Agronomía y Sistemas Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique J. Delgado-Suárez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raquel R. Bonelli
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Angélica Reyes-Jara
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Xinyang Huang
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition and Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Brett Albee
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Christopher J. Grim
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Allard
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandra M. Tallent
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Eric W. Brown
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Bell
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, United States Food and Drug Administration, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianghong Meng
- Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition and Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Öner SZ, Karaday E, Çalışkan A, Demir M, Şenol H, Kaleli İ. Integron distribution and relationship to antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolated from blood culture. Indian J Med Microbiol 2024; 48:100554. [PMID: 38408609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2024.100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of integrons in strains of E. coli isolated from blood culture and the relationship between integrons and antimicrobial resistance. METHODS The study included 100 E. coli strains sent to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory from different clinics between September 2022 and June 2023. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The presence of integrons was determined by the inhouse polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS Integron positivity was detected in 45 (45%) of isolates, and class 1 integrons were found in 41 (41%), class 2 integrons in 2 (2%), and both class 1 integrons and class 2 integrons in 2 (2%). Class 3 integron positivity was not detected. In total, 63 cases of community origin and 37 cases of hospital origin were identified. When antibiotic resistance was evaluated, the highest sensitivity was noted for amikacin (1%), meropenem (5%), imipenem (6%), and the highest resistant antibiotics were ampicillin (82%), cepfuroxime sodium (65%), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (62%), respectively. Of the 16 antimicrobial substances evaluated, 10 had an antibiotic resistance rate of over 45%. In class 1 integron-positive samples, ampicillin resistance and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance were higher than in negative samples (p = 0.02, p = 0.0001, respectively). Fifty-one (51%) samples were found to have multiple drug resistance (MDR). In total, 59.5% of hospital-acquired isolates and 46% of community-acquired isolates were considered to be MDR. The class 1 integron positivity in MDR samples was high (p = 0.038). CONCLUSION The high MDR rates in both hospital-acquired and community-acquired isolates are alarming. In particular, class 1 integron monitoring is very important to prevent the spread of MDR isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Zeliha Öner
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Esra Karaday
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Çalışkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Melek Demir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Hande Şenol
- Department of Biostatistics, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - İlknur Kaleli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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Bhat BA, Mir RA, Qadri H, Dhiman R, Almilaibary A, Alkhanani M, Mir MA. Integrons in the development of antimicrobial resistance: critical review and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1231938. [PMID: 37720149 PMCID: PMC10500605 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1231938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance development and pathogen cross-dissemination are both considered essential risks to human health on a worldwide scale. Antimicrobial resistance genes (AMRs) are acquired, expressed, disseminated, and traded mainly through integrons, the key players capable of transferring genes from bacterial chromosomes to plasmids and their integration by integrase to the target pathogenic host. Moreover, integrons play a central role in disseminating and assembling genes connected with antibiotic resistance in pathogenic and commensal bacterial species. They exhibit a large and concealed diversity in the natural environment, raising concerns about their potential for comprehensive application in bacterial adaptation. They should be viewed as a dangerous pool of resistance determinants from the "One Health approach." Among the three documented classes of integrons reported viz., class-1, 2, and 3, class 1 has been found frequently associated with AMRs in humans and is a critical genetic element to serve as a target for therapeutics to AMRs through gene silencing or combinatorial therapies. The direct method of screening gene cassettes linked to pathogenesis and resistance harbored by integrons is a novel way to assess human health. In the last decade, they have witnessed surveying the integron-associated gene cassettes associated with increased drug tolerance and rising pathogenicity of human pathogenic microbes. Consequently, we aimed to unravel the structure and functions of integrons and their integration mechanism by understanding horizontal gene transfer from one trophic group to another. Many updates for the gene cassettes harbored by integrons related to resistance and pathogenicity are extensively explored. Additionally, an updated account of the assessment of AMRs and prevailing antibiotic resistance by integrons in humans is grossly detailed-lastly, the estimation of AMR dissemination by employing integrons as potential biomarkers are also highlighted. The current review on integrons will pave the way to clinical understanding for devising a roadmap solution to AMR and pathogenicity. Graphical AbstractThe graphical abstract displays how integron-aided AMRs to humans: Transposons capture integron gene cassettes to yield high mobility integrons that target res sites of plasmids. These plasmids, in turn, promote the mobility of acquired integrons into diverse bacterial species. The acquisitions of resistant genes are transferred to humans through horizontal gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basharat Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | - Hafsa Qadri
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Department of Life Sciences, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Abdullah Almilaibary
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Al Bahah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Hafr Al Batin University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bio-Resources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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Patry A, Bothorel P, Labrunie A, Renesme L, Lehours P, Benard M, Dubois D, Ponthier L, Meyer S, Norbert K, Villeneuve L, Jouvencel P, Leysenne D, Chainier D, Luce S, Grélaud C, Ploy MC, Bedu A, Garnier F. Dynamics of the digestive acquisition of bacterial carriage and integron presence by French preterm newborns according to maternal colonization: The DAIR3N multicentric study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1148319. [PMID: 36998410 PMCID: PMC10043237 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1148319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesThe study aimed to describe the dynamics and risk factors of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) acquisition in preterm infants.MethodsThis prospective multicenter French study included mothers hospitalized for preterm delivery and their newborns, followed until hospital discharge. Maternal feces and vaginal fluids at delivery, and neonatal feces from birth to discharge were tested for cultivable GNB, potential acquired resistance, and integrons. The primary outcome was the acquisition of GNB and integrons in neonatal feces, and their dynamics, evaluated by survival analysis using the actuarial method. Risk factors were analyzed using Cox models.ResultsTwo hundred thirty-eight evaluable preterm dyads were included by five different centers over 16 months. GNB were isolated in 32.6% of vaginal samples, with 15.4% of strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or hyperproducing cephalosporinase (HCase), and in 96.2% of maternal feces, with 7.8% ESBL-GNB or HCase-GNB. Integrons were detected in 40.2% of feces and 10.6% of GNB strains. The mean (SD) length of stay of newborns was 39.5 (15.9) days; 4 died in the hospital. At least one infection episode occurred in 36.1% of newborns. The acquisition of GNB and integrons was progressive from birth to discharge. At discharge, half of newborns had ESBL-GNB or HCase-GNB, independently favored by a premature rupture of membranes (Hazard Ratio (HR), 3.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.71; 6.81), and 25.6% had integrons (protective factor: multiple gestation, HR, 0.367, 95% CI, 0.195; 0.693).ConclusionIn preterm newborns, the acquisitions of GNB, including resistant ones, and integrons are progressive from birth to discharge. A premature rupture of membranes favored the colonization by ESBL-GNB or Hcase-GNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Patry
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Bothorel
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother-Child Hospital, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Anaïs Labrunie
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Research Methodology Centre (CEBIMER), Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Renesme
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology and Maternity Unit, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Pellegrin University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melinda Benard
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Dubois
- Bacteriology and Hygiene Department, Federative Institute of Biology, CHU Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Ponthier
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother-Child Hospital, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Sylvain Meyer
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Jouvencel
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, « Côte Basque » Hospital, Bayonne, France
| | - David Leysenne
- Microbiology Laboratory, « Côte Basque » Hospital, Bayonne, France
| | - Delphine Chainier
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Sandrine Luce
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Research Methodology Centre (CEBIMER), Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Carole Grélaud
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Cecile Ploy
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Antoine Bedu
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother-Child Hospital, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
| | - Fabien Garnier
- INSERM UMR, Limoges University, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France
- *Correspondence: Fabien Garnier,
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Watkins RR. Using Precision Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Viral Pneumonia. Adv Ther 2022; 39:3061-3071. [PMID: 35596912 PMCID: PMC9123616 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn considerable attention to viral pneumonia from clinicians, public health authorities, and the general public. With dozens of viruses able to cause pneumonia in humans, differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia can be very challenging in clinical practice using traditional diagnostic methods. Precision medicine is a medical model in which decisions, practices, interventions, and therapies are adapted to the individual patient on the basis of their predicted response or risk of disease. Precision medicine approaches hold promise as a way to improve outcomes for patients with viral pneumonia. This review describes the latest advances in the use of precision medicine for diagnosing and treating viral pneumonia in adults and discusses areas where further research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Watkins
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA.
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Elias P, Barraud O, El Hamel C, Chainier D, Dallochio A, Grélaud C, Ploy MC, Guigonis V, Garnier F. Integron detection for prediction of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole susceptibility in children with Enterobacterales urinary tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:767-770. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
In some countries, third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) serve as first-line therapy in children with urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, their use may contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, notably among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Integrons are bacterial genetic elements involved in antibiotic resistance in GNB. Their absence is associated with >97% susceptibility to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in adults infected with GNB. The objective of this study was to examine the value of integron detection directly from urine samples as a predictive marker of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in children with GNB-related UTIs.
Methods
Children admitted to the Limoges University Hospital’s paediatric emergency department between February 2018 and March 2019 with a suspicion of UTI were eligible for the study. Only confirmed cases presenting a positive urine culture with unique GNB were retained for further study analyses. Integrons were detected directly from urines using real-time PCR.
Results
The data of 72 patients were analysed and integrons were detected in 15 urine samples. The negative predictive value of integron detection for resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was 100% as all of the GNB (all were Enterobacterales) isolated from patients with no integrons detected in their urine samples were susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
Conclusions
The detection of integrons in cases of paediatric patients with suspected UTI could help limit 3GC empirical use and empower an empirical first-line strategy better tailored to the needs of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Elias
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Limoges, 8 Ave D Larrey, Limoges, France
| | - Olivier Barraud
- Université Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR 1092, 2 Ave M Luther King, Limoges, France
| | - Chahrazed El Hamel
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Limoges, 8 Ave D Larrey, Limoges, France
- CB-HME, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Limoges, 8 Ave D Larrey, Limoges, France
| | - Delphine Chainier
- Université Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR 1092, 2 Ave M Luther King, Limoges, France
| | - Aymeric Dallochio
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Limoges, 8 Ave D Larrey, Limoges, France
| | - Carole Grélaud
- Université Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR 1092, 2 Ave M Luther King, Limoges, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Ploy
- Université Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR 1092, 2 Ave M Luther King, Limoges, France
| | - Vincent Guigonis
- Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Limoges, 8 Ave D Larrey, Limoges, France
- CB-HME, Hôpital Mère Enfant, CHU Limoges, 8 Ave D Larrey, Limoges, France
| | - Fabien Garnier
- Université Limoges, INSERM, CHU Limoges, UMR 1092, 2 Ave M Luther King, Limoges, France
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