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Afzal MBS, Ijaz M, Abbas N, Shad SA, Serrão JE. Resistance of Lepidopteran Pests to Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins: Evidence of Field and Laboratory Evolved Resistance and Cross-Resistance, Mode of Resistance Inheritance, Fitness Costs, Mechanisms Involved and Management Options. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:315. [PMID: 39057955 PMCID: PMC11281168 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16070315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides for the control of lepidopteran pests. However, the evolution of resistance in some insect pest populations is a threat and can reduce the effectiveness of Bt toxins. In this review, we summarize the results of 161 studies from 20 countries reporting field and laboratory-evolved resistance, cross-resistance, and inheritance, mechanisms, and fitness costs of resistance to different Bt toxins. The studies refer mainly to insects from the United States of America (70), followed by China (31), Brazil (19), India (12), Malaysia (9), Spain (3), and Australia (3). The majority of the studies revealed that most of the pest populations showed susceptibility and a lack of cross-resistance to Bt toxins. Factors that delay resistance include recessive inheritance of resistance, the low initial frequency of resistant alleles, increased fitness costs, abundant refuges of non-Bt, and pyramided Bt crops. The results of field and laboratory resistance, cross-resistance, and inheritance, mechanisms, and fitness cost of resistance are advantageous for predicting the threat of future resistance and making effective strategies to sustain the effectiveness of Bt crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal
- Beekeeping & Hill Fruit Pests Research Station, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan;
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Mamuna Ijaz
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Naeem Abbas
- Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfraz Ali Shad
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - José Eduardo Serrão
- Department of General Biology, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
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Jin M, Shan Y, Li Q, Peng Y, Xiao Y. A novel Cry1A resistance allele of fall armyworm in the new invaded region. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125392. [PMID: 37321433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a devastating pest in its native range Western Hemisphere and has become a major invasive pest around the globe. Transgenic crops producing Bt toxins have been widely used to control S. frugiperda. However, the evolution of resistance threatens the sustainability of Bt crops. Field-evolved S. frugiperda resistance to Bt crops was observed in America, whereas, no case of field-resistance was reported in its newly invaded East Hemisphere. Here we investigated the molecular mechanism of a Cry1Ab-resistant LZ-R strain of S. frugiperda, which selected 27-generations using Cry1Ab after being collected in corn fields from China. Complementation tests between LZ-R strain and SfABCC2-KO strain, which have been knockout SfABCC2 gene and confer 174-fold resistance to Cry1Ab, showed a similar level of resistance in the F1-progeny as their parent stains, indicating that a common locus of SfABCC2 mutation in LZ-R stain. Sequencing of the full length of SfABCC2 cDNA from LZ-R strain, we characterize a novel mutation allele of SfABCC2. Cross-resistance results showed that Cry1Ab-resistance strain also confers >260-fold resistance to Cry1F, with no cross-resistance to Vip3A. These results provided evidence of a novel SfABCC2 mutation allele in the newly invaded East Hemisphere of S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Jin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinxue Shan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qi Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yutao Xiao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies (Hainan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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Carrière Y, Tabashnik BE. Fitness Costs and Incomplete Resistance Associated with Delayed Evolution of Practical Resistance to Bt Crops. INSECTS 2023; 14:214. [PMID: 36975899 PMCID: PMC10051223 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insect pests are increasingly evolving practical resistance to insecticidal transgenic crops that produce Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins. Here, we analyzed data from the literature to evaluate the association between practical resistance to Bt crops and two pest traits: fitness costs and incomplete resistance. Fitness costs are negative effects of resistance alleles on fitness in the absence of Bt toxins. Incomplete resistance entails a lower fitness of resistant individuals on a Bt crop relative to a comparable non-Bt crop. In 66 studies evaluating strains of nine pest species from six countries, costs in resistant strains were lower in cases with practical resistance (14%) than without practical resistance (30%). Costs in F1 progeny from crosses between resistant and susceptible strains did not differ between cases with and without practical resistance. In 24 studies examining seven pest species from four countries, survival on the Bt crop relative to its non-Bt crop counterpart was higher in cases with practical resistance (0.76) than without practical resistance (0.43). Together with previous findings showing that the nonrecessive inheritance of resistance is associated with practical resistance, these results identify a syndrome associated with practical resistance to Bt crops. Further research on this resistance syndrome could help sustain the efficacy of Bt crops.
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Yang F, Wang Z, Kerns DL. Resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda to Cry1, Cry2, and Vip3Aa Proteins in Bt Corn and Cotton in the Americas: Implications for the Rest of the World. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1752-1760. [PMID: 36515105 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is an economically important pest of corn, cotton, and soybean, and a major target of transgenic crops expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins. In recent years, this insect has invaded most countries in Africa, Southeastern Asia, and Oceania, posing a great threat to food security. Successful use of Bt crops in the U.S. indicates that Bt technology can be an effective tool for management of S. frugiperda in other countries. Evolution of insect resistance is the primary threat to the long-term efficacy of Bt technology. There are many factors that may affect the rate of evolution of insect resistance to Bt crops, which include initial resistance allele frequency, the dose of Bt protein in Bt crops, cross-resistance, complete/incomplete resistance, and fitness costs associated with resistance. Currently, the high dose/refuge and gene-pyramiding approaches are the two main IRM strategies used in the U.S. to combat evolution of insect resistance. In this paper, we review research on resistance of S. frugiperda to Cry1, Cry2, and Vip3Aa proteins. Specifically, we discuss the resistance allele frequencies of S. frugiperda to these three proteins in the field, the genetic basis of resistance, the patterns of cross-resistance, and the fitness costs associated with resistance. Experience and knowledge gained from these studies provide valuable information for the successful use of Bt crop technology for control of S. frugiperda worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - David L Kerns
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Garlet CG, Muraro DS, Godoy DN, Cossa GE, Hanich MR, Stacke RF, Bernardi O. Assessing fitness costs of the resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to pyramided Cry1 and Cry2 insecticidal proteins on different host plants. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2022; 112:575-583. [PMID: 35016737 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321001152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), is one of the major pests targeted by transgenic crops expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Berliner. However, FAW presents a high capacity to develop resistance to Bt protein-expressing crop lines, as reported in Brazil, Argentina, Puerto Rico and the southeastern U.S. Here, FAW genotypes resistant to pyramided maize events expressing Cry1F/Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 (P-R genotype) and Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 (Y-R genotype) from Brazil were used to investigate the interactions between non-Bt hosts (non-Bt maize, non-Bt cotton, millet and sorghum) and fitness costs. We also tested a FAW genotype susceptible to Bt maize and F1 hybrids of the resistant and susceptible genotypes (heterozygotes). Recessive fitness costs (i.e., costs affecting the resistant insects) were observed for pupal and neonate to adult survival of the P-R genotype on non-Bt cotton; larval developmental time of the P-R genotype on millet and sorghum; larval and neonate-to-adult developmental time of the Y-R genotype on non-Bt cotton and sorghum; the fecundity of the Y-R genotype on non-Bt cotton; and mean generation time of both resistant genotypes. However, on non-Bt cotton and non-Bt maize, the P-R genotype had a higher fitness (i.e., fitness benefits), displaying greater fecundity and rates of population increases than the Sus genotype. Non-recessive fitness costs (i.e., costs affecting heterozygotes) were found for fecundity and population increases on millet and sorghum. These findings suggest that, regardless of the disadvantages of the resistant genotypes in some hosts, the resistance of FAW to Cry1 and Cry2 Bt proteins is not linked with substantial fitness costs, and may persist in field conditions once present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cínthia G Garlet
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Dionei S Muraro
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Padua Dias avenue, 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela N Godoy
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Gisele E Cossa
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Manoela R Hanich
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Regis F Stacke
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
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Zeng B, Liu YT, Zhang WJ, Feng ZR, Wu SF, Gao CF. Inheritance and fitness cost of buprofezin resistance in a near-isogenic, field-derived strain and insecticide resistance monitoring of Laodelphax striatellus in China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1833-1841. [PMID: 35048493 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laodelphax striatellus is one of the most destructive pests of rice and other cereal crops. Chemical control is still the most efficient way to control this pest, but insecticide resistance always threatens this approach. RESULTS Monitoring data (2003-2020) showed that Chinese field populations of L. striatellus developed high-level buprofezin resistance within the first four years. This high-level resistance to buprofezin was stable for about ten years and persisted even when buprofezin selection pressure was absent. An established near-isogenic strain (YN-NIS) with 90.8-fold resistance to buprofezin had resistance inheritance of autosomal and incomplete dominance, and the resistance was controlled by multiple genes with no obvious fitness costs (relative fitness of 0.8707). Furthermore, the susceptibility of 29 field populations to another seven insecticides (2014-2020) showed that: (i) low-level resistance to pymetrozine, dinotefuran, sulfoxaflor and thiamethoxam was first detected in 2014 (eight years after introduction), 2016 (three years after), 2017 (four years after) and 2019 (19 years after), respectively, (ii) moderate resistance levels to chlorpyrifos were found for all populations across multiple years, and (iii) no resistance was detected for nitenpyram and triflumezopyrim. CONCLUSION The fast buprofezin resistance development in L. striatellus would be caused by incomplete dominant resistance with almost no fitness cost in the resistant strain. Nitenpyram and triflumezopyrim showed no resistance and can be used as the main insecticide for the control of L. striatellus. These findings provide key fundamental information for controlling L. striatellus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Ting Liu
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhang
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ze-Rui Feng
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shun-Fan Wu
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong-Fen Gao
- State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application/College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Elias Oliveira Padovez F, Hideo Kanno R, Omoto C, Sartori Guidolin A. Fitness costs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) strains with different genetic backgrounds. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1279-1286. [PMID: 34854222 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a difficult pest to manage mainly because of its resistance to insecticides and Bt proteins. We evaluated fitness costs of S. frugiperda resistant strains to diamide insecticides with different genetic backgrounds aiming to highlight the importance of using isogenic strains. We established a near-isogenic strain of S. frugiperda resistant to diamides (Iso-RR), using a chlorantraniliprole resistant strain (RR) selected from a field-collected population and a susceptible reference strain (SS). Fitness costs were assayed using strains with close-related genetic backgrounds (Iso-RR and SS) and strains with distant-related genetic backgrounds (RR and SS). RESULTS No fitness cost associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. frugiperda was observed using the Iso-RR strain, based on life history traits. The only parameter that differs between Iso-RR and SS strains was the mean length of a generation (T), whereas the Iso-RR strain presented T = 35.8 and SS strain showed T = 34.6. On the other hand, a significant fitness cost was detected using the RR strain. All population growth parameters differ between RR and SS strains. Based on the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm ) parameter, the relative fitness estimated was 1.02 for the Iso-RR strain and 0.64 for the RR strain. CONCLUSION The genetic background of the resistant strains alters fitness cost outcomes. The RR strain showed fitness costs associated with resistance, but the Iso-RR did not. Our work supports the decision-making process of resistance management programs and adds to the growing body of research that enlightens the importance of strain genetics in fitness cost experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Elias Oliveira Padovez
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Rubens Hideo Kanno
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Aline Sartori Guidolin
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, Brazil
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de Souza Ribas N, McNeil JN, Araújo HD, de Souza Ribas B, Lima E. The Effect of Resistance to Bt Corn on the Reproductive Output of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13020196. [PMID: 35206769 PMCID: PMC8880685 DOI: 10.3390/insects13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The use of transgenic crops expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been a successful strategy to control the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda. However, resistance to many Bt proteins has been observed, which could reduce the effectiveness of this approach as a control strategy. In this study, we compared the reproductive traits of susceptible and resistant FAW males and females to determine if there are costs associated with resistance. Our data provided clear evidence that the development of resistance to the Bt protein affected the reproductive capacity of resistant FAW males. Abstract The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is the most significant lepidopteran corn pest in South American countries. Transgenic Bt corn, producing the Cry1Fa toxins, has been used to control this pest, but there is clear evidence that some FAW populations have developed resistance. To determine if there are costs associated with resistance, we compared the mass of adults, the duration of mating, and the mass of the first spermatophore produced, as well as the lifetime fecundity and fertility of once-mated susceptible (SS) and resistant (RR) females. Adult mass was affected by both sex and strain, with SS females being significantly larger than RR ones, while the inverse was true for males. RR pairs took significantly longer to mate than SS pairs, yet the mass of spermatophores produced by RR males was significantly less than those of SS males. The total number of eggs laid did not differ but the fertility of eggs from once-mated RR pairs was significantly lower than that of SS pairs. Our data provided clear evidence that the development of Bt resistance affected the reproductive capacity of resistant FAW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália de Souza Ribas
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (H.D.A.); (B.d.S.R.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence: (N.d.S.R.); (J.N.M.); Tel.: +55-31-3612-5305 (N.d.S.R.)
| | - Jeremy N. McNeil
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Correspondence: (N.d.S.R.); (J.N.M.); Tel.: +55-31-3612-5305 (N.d.S.R.)
| | - Hernane Dias Araújo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (H.D.A.); (B.d.S.R.); (E.L.)
| | - Bruna de Souza Ribas
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (H.D.A.); (B.d.S.R.); (E.L.)
| | - Eraldo Lima
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (H.D.A.); (B.d.S.R.); (E.L.)
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Zakseski MR, da Silva Filho JG, Rakes M, Pazini JDB, da Rosa APSA, Marçon P, Popham HJR, Bernardi O, Bernardi D. Pathogenic Assessment of SfMNPV-Based Biopesticide on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Developing on Transgenic Soybean Expressing Cry1Ac Insecticidal Protein. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2264-2270. [PMID: 34487171 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic assessment of a baculovirus-based biopesticide containing Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV: Baculoviridae: Alphabaculovirus) infecting fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is reported. In the bioassays, neonates were infected with different doses of SfMNPV applied on Cry1Ac Bt soybean and non-Bt soybean. Our findings indicated that S. frugiperda neonates did not survive at 10 d post infection or develop into adults on Bt and non-Bt soybean sprayed with the field recommended dose of SfMNPV. In contrast, a proportion of the infected neonates developed into adults when infected with lower doses of SfMNPV (50%, 25%, and 10% of field dose) in both Bt and non-Bt soybean. However, S. frugiperda neonates surviving infection at the lowest virus doses on both soybean varieties showed longer neonate-to-pupa and neonate-to-adult periods, lower larval and pupal weights, reduced fecundity, and increased population suppression. Nevertheless, more pronounced pathogenicity of SfMNPV infecting neonates of S. frugiperda were verified on larvae that developed on Bt soybean. These findings revealed that, beyond mortality, the biopesticide containing SfMNPV also causes significant sublethal pathogenic effects on neonates of S. frugiperda developing on Bt and non-Bt soybean and suggested an additive effect among SfMNPV and Cry1Ac insecticidal protein expressed in Bt soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo R Zakseski
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Eliseu Maciel Avenue, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96160-000, Brazil
| | - José G da Silva Filho
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Eliseu Maciel Avenue, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rakes
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Eliseu Maciel Avenue, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Juliano de B Pazini
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Eliseu Maciel Avenue, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96160-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S A da Rosa
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Temperate Agriculture), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul 9601-971, Brazil
| | | | | | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Eliseu Maciel Avenue, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96160-000, Brazil
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Garlet CG, Moreira RP, Gubiani PDS, Palharini RB, Farias JR, Bernardi O. Fitness Cost of Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Different Host Plants. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:898-908. [PMID: 34018549 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) is a polyphagous pest of global relevance due to the damage it inflicts on agricultural crops. In South American countries, this species is one of the principal pests of maize and cotton. Currently, S. frugiperda is also emerging as an important pest of soybeans and winter cereals in Brazil. Chemical control is one of the main control tactics against S. frugiperda, even though resistance against numerous modes of action insecticides has been reported. To support insect resistance management programs, we evaluated the fitness costs of resistance of S. frugiperda to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor chlorpyrifos. Fitness costs were quantified by comparing biological parameters of chlorpyrifos-resistant and -susceptible S. frugiperda and their F1 hybrids (heterozygotes) on non-Bt cotton, non-Bt maize, non-Bt soybean, and oats. The results revealed that the chlorpyrifos-resistant genotype showed lower pupa-to-adult and egg-to-adult survivorship and reduced larval weights on oats; longer neonate-to-pupa and egg-to-adult developmental periods, and lower pupal weights and fecundity on maize; lower pupal weights on soybean; and reduced fecundity on cotton compared with the chlorpyrifos-susceptible genotype. Fitness costs also affected fertility life table parameters of the resistant genotype, increasing the mean length of a generation on cotton and maize and reducing the potential for population growth on all hosts. These findings suggest fitness costs at the individual and population levels of chlorpyrifos resistance in S. frugiperda, indicating that removal of the selective agent from the environment would result in reduced resistance and opportunities for the restoration of susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cínthia G Garlet
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Rafaella P Moreira
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia da S Gubiani
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ramon B Palharini
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Juliano R Farias
- Department of Crop Protection, Regional Integrated University of Alto Uruguay (URI), Santo Ângelo, Rio Grande do Sul 98902-470, Brazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
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Bacterial Toxins Active against Mosquitoes: Mode of Action and Resistance. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080523. [PMID: 34437394 PMCID: PMC8402332 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvicides based on the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus are effective and environmentally safe compounds for the control of dipteran insects of medical importance. They produce crystals that display specific and potent insecticidal activity against larvae. Bti crystals are composed of multiple protoxins: three from the three-domain Cry type family, which bind to different cell receptors in the midgut, and one cytolytic (Cyt1Aa) protoxin that can insert itself into the cell membrane and act as surrogate receptor of the Cry toxins. Together, those toxins display a complex mode of action that shows a low risk of resistance selection. L. sphaericus crystals contain one major binary toxin that display an outstanding persistence in field conditions, which is superior to Bti. However, the action of the Bin toxin based on its interaction with a single receptor is vulnerable for resistance selection in insects. In this review we present the most recent data on the mode of action and synergism of these toxins, resistance issues, and examples of their use worldwide. Data reported in recent years improved our understanding of the mechanism of action of these toxins, showed that their combined use can enhance their activity and counteract resistance, and reinforced their relevance for mosquito control programs in the future years.
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Parker-Crockett C, Connelly CR, Siegfried B, Alto B. Influence of Pyrethroid Resistance on Vector Competency for Zika Virus by Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1908-1916. [PMID: 33724374 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The vector competence of mosquitoes for pathogens has been shown to be influenced by the status of insecticide resistance in the mosquito population. However, to date, only two studies has explored the impact of insecticide resistance on arbovirus transmission. The global and widespread use of pyrethroids has led to the development of insecticide resistance in many mosquito species, including Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), the primary vector of Zika virus. Strains of Ae. aegypti that were genetically similar, but responded differently to pyrethroid exposure, were developed using backcrossing techniques. These populations were orally infected with Zika virus and susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection, and transmission potential were evaluated. Analyses revealed differences in susceptibility to infection and disseminated infection between the pyrethroid susceptible and resistant strains of Ae. aegypti during the infection period. Here, we identify an additional challenge to that of widespread pyrethroid resistance. Specifically, resistance is associated with altered phenotypic traits that influence susceptibility to arbovirus infection and progression of infection in the mosquito, factors which ultimately influence risk of arbovirus transmission. These findings support the need to 1) consider insecticide resistance status during times of arbovirus transmission and 2) to implement insecticide resistance management/ mitigation strategies in vector control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Parker-Crockett
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | | | - Blair Siegfried
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Barry Alto
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, USA
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Xiao Y, Li W, Yang X, Xu P, Jin M, Yuan H, Zheng W, Soberón M, Bravo A, Wilson K, Wu K. Rapid spread of a densovirus in a major crop pest following wide-scale adoption of Bt-cotton in China. eLife 2021; 10:e66913. [PMID: 34263726 PMCID: PMC8324301 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops have been widely planted and the effects of Bt-crops on populations of the target and non-target insect pests have been well studied. However, the effects of Bt-crops exposure on microorganisms that interact with crop pests have not previously been quantified. Here, we use laboratory and field data to show that infection of Helicoverpa armigera with a densovirus (HaDV2) is associated with its enhanced growth and tolerance to Bt-cotton. Moreover, field monitoring showed a much higher incidence of cotton bollworm infection with HaDV2 in regions cultivated with Bt-cotton than in regions without it, with the rate of densovirus infection increasing with increasing use of Bt-cotton. RNA-seq suggested tolerance to both baculovirus and Cry1Ac were enhanced via the immune-related pathways. These findings suggest that exposure to Bt-crops has selected for beneficial interactions between the target pest and a mutualistic microorganism that enhances its performance on Bt-crops under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Wenjing Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertility, Hubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Xianming Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Pengjun Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesQingdaoChina
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityLancasterUnited Kingdom
| | - Minghui Jin
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - He Yuan
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Weigang Zheng
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Mario Soberón
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMorelosUnited States
| | - Alejandra Bravo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMorelosUnited States
| | - Kenneth Wilson
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhenChina
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster UniversityLancasterUnited Kingdom
| | - Kongming Wu
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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Liu S, Yao X, Xiang X, Yang Q, Wang X, Xin T, Yu S. Fitness costs associated with chlorantraniliprole resistance in Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1739-1747. [PMID: 33232550 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field population of Spodoptera exigua, an intermittently occurring polyphagous pest, has developed resistance to chlorantraniliprole, while whether or not such resistance carries fitness costs remains poorly understood. Here we selected six generations of the Leshan population (LS-P) by two-way selecting method, and obtained a highly resistant strain (CH-RE) and resistant degeneration strain (CH-SE) sharing a similar genetic background. After that fitness costs were evaluated by comparing the life history characteristics of CH-RE, CH-SE and the laboratory susceptible strain (SE-Lab) via the age-stage two-sex life table method. RESULTS The resistance ratio of CH-RE and CH-SE were 226.69-fold and 3.72-fold, respectively, and the estimated realized heritability (h2 ) of CH-RE was 0.058. Compared with CH-SE, the duration of pre-adult, the longevity of adult, adult preoviposition period (APOP) and average generation time (T) of CH-RE had significantly increased, but the oviposition days, average fecundity, intrinsic growth rate (r), weekly growth rate (λ) and reproductive rate (R0 ) decreased significantly. Moreover, the relative fitness of CH-RE was 0.25, and showed fitness costs. Concurrently, the fecundity of CH-SE was slightly lower than SE-Lab, but there was no significant difference in r, λ and R0 , and the fitness (1) of CH-SE was similar to SE-Lab (1.02), which was no fitness cost. CONCLUSION These findings represent that chlorantraniliprole resistance in S. exigua has a fitness cost, and the fitness cost will disappear with the recovery of sensitivity when the insecticide is stopped for field populations, supporting that such resistance would be managed by switching off the selection pressure with rotation with alternate insecticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhua Liu
- Agricultural Insect and Pest Control Laboratory, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinge Yao
- Agricultural Insect and Pest Control Laboratory, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Xiang
- Agricultural Insect and Pest Control Laboratory, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qunfang Yang
- Agricultural Insect and Pest Control Laboratory, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuegui Wang
- Agricultural Insect and Pest Control Laboratory, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Xin
- Agricultural Insect and Pest Control Laboratory, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Yu
- Agricultural Insect and Pest Control Laboratory, College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Wang R, Fang Y, Zhang J, Wang J, Feng H, Luo C. Characterization of field-evolved resistance to pyridalyl in a near-isogenic line of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1197-1203. [PMID: 33035398 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plutella xylostella has developed resistance to a variety of pesticides in the field. Selection, inheritance, a near-isogenic line, cross-resistance and biochemical mechanisms of pyridalyl resistance were characterized in a field-collected resistant population of P. xylostella from China. RESULTS Compared with a susceptible IVF-S strain, the field-collected FZ population showed ~ 350-fold resistance to pyridalyl. The FZ-PY strain, selected from the FZ population using pyridalyl, developed ~ 640-fold resistance to pyridalyl. Inheritance tests indicated that pyridalyl resistance in the FZ-PY strain was autosomal and incompletely recessive. Through successive backcrossing to IVF-S, a near-isogenic strain (NIL-PY) was established that exhibited 191.21-fold resistance to pyridalyl and no cross-resistance to other tested popular insecticides. No significant effects of synergists and higher activities of metabolic enzymes were observed in NIL-PY compared with IVF-S. Furthermore, the survival rate of NIL-PY larvae, and female oviposition, fecundity and egg viability were markedly reduced in NIL-PY compared with IVF-S. The fitness of NIL-PY was found to be 0.56 compared with IVF-S. CONCLUSION Considering that no relevant effects of synergists or oxidative metabolism were observed in NIL-PY, and that pyridalyl resistance results in significant fitness costs compared with IVF-S, further research will be conducted on the mechanism of target-site resistance. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Fang
- Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiasong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinda Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jurat-Fuentes JL, Heckel DG, Ferré J. Mechanisms of Resistance to Insecticidal Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 66:121-140. [PMID: 33417820 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-052620-073348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are used in sprayable formulations or produced in transgenic crops as the most successful alternatives to synthetic pesticides. The most relevant threat to sustainability of Bt insecticidal proteins (toxins) is the evolution of resistance in target pests. To date, high-level resistance to Bt sprays has been limited to one species in the field and another in commercial greenhouses. In contrast, there are currently seven lepidopteran and one coleopteran species that have evolved practical resistance to transgenic plants producing insecticidal Bt proteins. In this article, we present a review of the current knowledge on mechanisms of resistance to Bt toxins, with emphasis on key resistance genes and field-evolved resistance, to support improvement of Bt technology and its sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Luis Jurat-Fuentes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA;
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena 07745, Germany;
| | - Juan Ferré
- ERI of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Burjassot 46100, Spain;
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17
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Homem RA, Buttery B, Richardson E, Tan Y, Field LM, Williamson MS, Emyr Davies TG. Evolutionary trade-offs of insecticide resistance - The fitness costs associated with target-site mutations in the nAChR of Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2661-2675. [PMID: 32510730 PMCID: PMC7496652 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of resistance to drugs and pesticides poses a major threat to human health and food security. Neonicotinoids are highly effective insecticides used to control agricultural pests. They target the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and mutations of the receptor that confer resistance have been slow to develop, with only one field‐evolved mutation being reported to date. This is an arginine‐to‐threonine substitution at position 81 of the nAChR_β1 subunit in neonicotinoid‐resistant aphids. To validate the role of R81T in neonicotinoid resistance and to test whether it may confer any significant fitness costs to insects, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to introduce an analogous mutation in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Flies carrying R81T showed an increased tolerance (resistance) to neonicotinoid insecticides, accompanied by a significant reduction in fitness. In comparison, flies carrying a deletion of the whole nAChR_α6 subunit, the target site of spinosyns, showed an increased tolerance to this class of insecticides but presented almost no fitness deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A Homem
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Bliss Buttery
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Ewan Richardson
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Yao Tan
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.,Research Centre for Grassland Entomology, Inner Mongolian Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Linda M Field
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Martin S Williamson
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - T G Emyr Davies
- Rothamsted Research, Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
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18
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Murúa MG, Vera MA, Michel A, Casmuz AS, Fatoretto J, Gastaminza G. Performance of Field-Collected Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Strains Exposed to Different Transgenic and Refuge Maize Hybrids in Argentina. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5679483. [PMID: 31841603 PMCID: PMC6913906 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) is one of the major pests of maize in Argentina. The main tool for its control is the use of genetically modified maize hybrids expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins. Maize growers in Argentina initially controlled this pest with Bt maize that expressed a single Bt protein (Cry1Ab or Cry1F). Currently it is necessary to plant maize cultivars that produce two Bt proteins to achieve the satisfactory control. Recently, Cry1F field-evolved resistant populations of this species were confirmed in Argentina. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of S. frugiperda field-collected strains on different Bt and non-Bt maize hybrids. Strains were collected from non-Bt maize (T1), Agrisure TDMax (T2), Agrisure Viptera (T3), Agrisure Viptera 3110 (T4), Genuity VT Triple Pro (T5), and Power Core (T6). Three experiments were performed to 1) determine the survivorship and reproduction of field-collected larvae (F0) from Bt maize hybrids, 2) evaluate Cry1F resistance using an F1 screen, and 3) assess the performance of F1 strains on different maize hybrids. In the F0, the survivorship from larva to adult ranged from 0 to 63%. We obtained adults from only the T1, T2, T5, and T6 strains with no significant differences in the reproductive parameters. Continuously rearing F1 larvae on their collected hosts affected larval duration, which was significantly shorter for a known-laboratory Bt-susceptible strain than the field-collected strains. Our results support the existence of Cry1F-resistance alleles in S. frugiperda field populations in Argentina.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Murúa
- Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino, Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (ITANOA-EEAOC-CONICET), Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | - Martín A Vera
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina)
| | - Andrew Michel
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH
| | - Augusto S Casmuz
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina)
| | | | - Gerardo Gastaminza
- Estación Experimental Agroindustrial Obispo Colombres (EEAOC), Las Talitas, Tucumán, Argentina)
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19
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Muraro DS, Garlet CG, Godoy DN, Cossa GE, Rodrigues Junior GLDS, Stacke RF, Medeiros SL, Guedes JV, Bernardi O. Laboratory and field survival of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt and non-Bt maize and its susceptibility to insecticides. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2202-2210. [PMID: 30666779 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Field-evolved resistance of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith), has been reported to Bt maize technologies in Brazil. The control failures of FAW by Bt maize increased the use of insecticides for their control. However, no information is available on the interaction between resistant FAW and their response to insecticides. Here, we evaluated the survival of FAW strains on Bt and non-Bt maize in laboratory and field conditions, and their susceptibility to insecticides. RESULTS In the laboratory, resistant FAW larvae reared on Bt and non-Bt maize showed a similar susceptibility to spinetoram (LC50 = 0.16-0.18 µg a.i. cm-2 ) and chlorfenapyr (LC50 = 0.17-0.20 µg a.i. cm-2 ). However, their susceptibility was lower than that of the susceptible strain reared on non-Bt maize: LC50 = 0.05 (spinetoram) and 0.08 (chlorfenapyr) µg a.i. cm-2 . In contrast, heterozygous strains had similar susceptibility to the susceptible strain. In field trials, no differences in FAW survival were detected between strains when the commercial dose of two insecticides was applied in Bt and non-Bt maize. CONCLUSION FAW strains surviving on Bt and non-Bt maize, at the same development stage, have similar susceptibility to insecticides. The integrated pest management practices and insect resistance management importance of these results are discussed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionei S Muraro
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Cinthia G Garlet
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniela N Godoy
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Gisele E Cossa
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Regis F Stacke
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Sandro Lp Medeiros
- Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jerson Vc Guedes
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Horikoshi RJ, Bernardi O, Amaral FSDAE, Miraldo LL, Durigan MR, Bernardi D, Silva SS, Omoto C. Lack of relevant cross-resistance to Bt insecticide XenTari in strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) resistant to Bt maize. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 161:1-6. [PMID: 30582929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The resistance of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has been characterized to Cry and Vip3A proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) expressed in maize in Brazil. Here, we investigate the cross-resistance to Bt-insecticide XenTari in selected fall armyworm strains resistant to Bt maize varieties. The LC50 of XenTari in neonates of resistant strains ranged from 0.28 to 0.68 µg a.i./cm2, while for the susceptible reference strain (Sus), LC50 was 0.21 µg a.i./cm2. This indicated a resistance ratio lower than 3.2-fold. A similar variation in susceptibility was detected in EC50 values, which ranged from 0.04 to 0.13 µg a.i./cm2, demonstrating a maximum resistance ratio of 4.3-fold relative to the Sus strain (EC50 = 0.03 µg a.i./cm2). In the F1 progeny from reciprocal crosses, the LC50 ranged from 0.28 to 0.64 µg a.i./cm2 and EC50 from 0.03 to 0.18 µg a.i./cm2, similar to the values verified in parental resistant strains and representing a maximum resistance ratio of 3.0 and 6.0-fold, respectively. We also determined that susceptibility of third instar larvae to XenTari decreased when compared to neonates, however the variation remained similar. For third instar larvae from resistant strains, LC50 of XenTari ranged from 10.79 to 39.85 µg a.i./cm2, while for the Sus strain, LC50 was 9.25 µg a.i./cm2 (resistance ratio inferior to 4.3-fold). At the same stage, in heterozygous strains the LC50 ranged from 14.75 to 58.47 µg a.i./cm2 (resistance ratio inferior to 6.3-fold). Our data demonstrate a lack of significant cross-resistance to Bt-based insecticide XenTari in fall armyworm strains with resistance to Bt maize varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato J Horikoshi
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Crop Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima Avenue 1000, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando S de A E Amaral
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L Miraldo
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Durigan
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Plant Health, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul 96010-970, Brazil
| | - Sandy S Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua dias 11, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13418-900, Brazil.
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Spinosad resistance affects biological parameters of Musca domestica Linnaeus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14031. [PMID: 30232466 PMCID: PMC6145934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Musca domestica is one of the major cosmopolitan insect pests of public health importance. Spinosad is considered an eco-friendly insecticide used for the management of M. domestica and other pests of significant concern. Cases of resistance against spinosad in M. domestica have been reported from some parts of the world; however, there are no reports of any negative effects of spinosad resistance on the fitness/biological parameters of M. domestica. To investigate fitness costs, a near isogenic M. domestica resistant strain (Spin-R) was constructed using Spin-UNSEL-susceptible and Spin-SEL-resistant strains sharing a close genetic background. We found significantly reduced rates of adult eclosion, fecundity, egg hatching, survival, and lengthened developmental time in the Spin-R strain. Moreover, the values of different fitness parameters like biotic potential, mean relative growth rate, intrinsic rate of natural increase, and net reproductive rate, were also significantly reduced in the Spin-R strain, which reflect fitness costs most probably linked with spinosad resistance. The presence of fitness costs suggests likely instability of resistance to spinosad in M. domestica, which can be reverted by relaxing spinosad selection pressure and rotation with alternate insecticides. The wise use of insecticides will ultimately help to manage resistance in this pest and minimize environmental pollution.
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Souza CSF, Silveira LCP, Paula DP, Andow DA, Mendes SM. Transfer of Cry1F from Bt maize to eggs of resistant Spodoptera frugiperda. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203791. [PMID: 30208091 PMCID: PMC6135484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The intergenerational transfer of plant defense compounds by aposematic insects is well documented, and since 2006, has been shown for Cry toxins. Cry toxins are proteins naturally produced by the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its genes have been expressed in plants to confer insect pest resistance. In this work we tested if non-aposematic larvae of a major maize pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, with resistance to Cry1F, could transfer Cry1F from a genetically engineered maize variety to their offspring. Resistant 10-day-old larvae that fed on Cry1F Bt maize until pupation were sexed and pair-mated to produce eggs. Using ELISA we found that Cry1F was transferred to offspring (1.47-4.42 ng Cry1F/10 eggs), a toxin concentration about 28-83 times less than that detected in Cry1F Bt maize leaves. This occurred when only one or both sexes were exposed, and more was transferred when both parents were exposed, with transitory detection in the first five egg masses. This work is an unprecedented demonstration that a non-aposematic, but resistant, species can transfer Cry1F to their offspring when exposed to Bt host plant leaves as immatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S. F. Souza
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Débora P. Paula
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - David A. Andow
- University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Chandrasena DI, Signorini AM, Abratti G, Storer NP, Olaciregui ML, Alves AP, Pilcher CD. Characterization of field-evolved resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis-derived Cry1F δ-endotoxin in Spodoptera frugiperda populations from Argentina. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:746-754. [PMID: 29072821 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) event TC1507 (Herculex® I insect protection), expressing Cry1F δ-endotoxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, was commercialized in 2003 in the Americas. Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) susceptibility to Cry1F was monitored annually across several regions in Argentina using diagnostic concentration bioassays. Reduced performance of TC1507 maize against S. frugiperda was reported in 2013. A resistant population was established in the laboratory and the dominance of Cry1F resistance was characterized. RESULTS During 2012-2015, high-survivorship of several populations was observed in the resistance monitoring program. Reciprocal crosses of a Cry1F-resistant population with a Cry1F-susceptible population were evaluated to calculate effective dominance (DML ) based on mortality levels observed at 100 µg/ml Cry1F. Two additional dominance levels (DLC and DEC ) were calculated using lethal (LC50 ) or effective concentration (EC50 ) derived from concentration-response bioassays. Estimates indicated that Cry1F resistance in S. frugiperda in Argentina was either highly recessive (DML = 0.005) or incompletely recessive (DLC < 0.26 and DEC < 0.19). CONCLUSION This study is the first documented confirmation and characterization of S. frugiperda Cry1F field-evolved resistance in Argentina. The resistance to Cry1F in S. frugiperda populations collected in Argentina, is autosomal and incompletely recessive similar to the resistance reported in Brazil. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley © Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Larval Dispersal of Spodoptera frugiperda Strains on Bt Cotton: A Model for Understanding Resistance Evolution and Consequences for its Management. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16109. [PMID: 29170392 PMCID: PMC5700918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High dispersal of Lepidoptera larvae between non-Bt and Bt cotton plants can favour the evolution of insect resistance; however, information on host acceptance of neonates in tropical transgenic crops is scarce. Therefore, the purposes of this study were as follows: (i) to investigate the feeding behaviour of susceptible and Cry1F-resistant strains of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) on Bt and non-Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties and (ii) to understand the possible effects of cotton field contamination on the dispersal and infestation capacity of S. frugiperda larvae by using an individual-based model. The main results of this paper are as follows: (1) the highest post-feeding larval dispersal of the Cry1F-resistant strain occurred at an exposure time of 18–24 h; (2) via video tracking assays, we found that the least distance moved was by larvae resistant to Cry1F on non-Bt cotton; and (3) the model indicated differences in mobility capacity between Bt and non-Bt cotton. We conclude that resistant neonates exhibit sedentary behaviour. Our report represents the first findings concerning the fitness cost of larval behaviour traits of S. frugiperda associated with Cry1F resistance in Brazilian populations.
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Santos-Amaya OF, Tavares CS, Rodrigues JVC, Souza TC, Rodrigues-Silva N, Guedes RNC, Alves AP, Pereira EJG. Magnitude and Allele Frequency of Cry1F Resistance in Field Populations of the Fall Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1770-1778. [PMID: 28535300 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) corn producing the Cry1F protein was the first highly efficacious Bt corn deployed against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Brazil, but reduced efficacy of this technology against the fall armyworm has been reported in some regions of the country. Here, we surveyed Cry1F resistance allele frequency and susceptibility of eight S. frugiperda populations collected in 2013 from non-Bt fields in different regions of Brazil. In F1 screen experiments, the overall frequency of the Cry1F resistance alleles in Brazilian populations was estimated at 0.24, with 95% credibility interval between 0.18 and 0.25. In concentration-response bioassays, five of the eight populations surveyed exhibited significant resistance levels, which were over 32 times higher than that of the standard susceptible laboratory strain. The estimates of Cry1F resistance allele frequency were positively correlated with those of median effective or lethal concentrations (i.e., EC50 or LC50). These results show that the allelic frequency and the magnitude of Cry1F resistance are high in field populations of S. frugiperda in Brazil, indicating a challenging situation for resistance management.
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Affiliation(s)
- O F Santos-Amaya
- Departament of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - C S Tavares
- Departament of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - J V C Rodrigues
- Departament of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - T C Souza
- Departament of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - N Rodrigues-Silva
- Departament of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - R N C Guedes
- Departament of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - A P Alves
- DuPont Pioneer, 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Johnston, IA 50131
| | - E J G Pereira
- Departament of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Plant-Pest Interactions, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
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Santos-Amaya OF, Tavares CS, Rodrigues JVC, Campos SO, Guedes RNC, Alves AP, Pereira EJG. Fitness costs and stability of Cry1Fa resistance in Brazilian populations of Spodoptera frugiperda. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:35-43. [PMID: 27147125 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of fitness costs of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins in insect populations may delay or even reverse the local selection of insect resistance to Bt transgenic crops, and deserves rigorous investigation. Here we assessed the fitness costs associated with Cry1Fa resistance in two strains of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), derived from field collections in different Brazilian regions and further selected in the laboratory for high levels of resistance to Cry1Fa using leaves of TC1507 corn. RESULTS Fitness components were compared using paired resistant and susceptible strains with similar genetic backgrounds and F1 generations from reciprocal crosses, all of them reared on non-transgenic corn leaves. No apparent life history costs in the larval stage were observed in the Bt-resistant strains. Moreover, the resistance remained stable for seven generations in the absence of selection, with no decrease in the proportion of resistant individuals. Larval respiration rates were also similar between resistant and susceptible homozygotes, and heterozygotes displayed respiration rates and demographic performance equal or superior to those of susceptible homozygotes. CONCLUSION In combination, these results indicate the lack of strong fitness costs associated with resistance to Cry1Fa in the fall armyworm strains studied. These findings suggest that Cry1Fa resistance in S. frugiperda populations is unlikely to be counterselected in Cry1Fa-free environments. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clébson S Tavares
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Silverio O Campos
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eliseu José G Pereira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Interações Planta-Praga, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Horikoshi RJ, Bernardi D, Bernardi O, Malaquias JB, Okuma DM, Miraldo LL, Amaral FSDAE, Omoto C. Effective dominance of resistance of Spodoptera frugiperda to Bt maize and cotton varieties: implications for resistance management. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34864. [PMID: 27721425 PMCID: PMC5056508 DOI: 10.1038/srep34864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The resistance of fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has been characterized to some Cry and Vip3A proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) expressed in transgenic maize in Brazil. Here we evaluated the effective dominance of resistance based on the survival of neonates from selected Bt-resistant, heterozygous, and susceptible (Sus) strains of FAW on different Bt maize and cotton varieties. High survival of strains resistant to the Cry1F (HX-R), Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab (VT-R) and Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab/Cry1F (PW-R) proteins was detected on Herculex, YieldGard VT PRO and PowerCore maize. Our Vip3A-resistant strain (Vip-R) exhibited high survival on Herculex, Agrisure Viptera and Agrisure Viptera 3 maize. However, the heterozygous from HX-R × Sus, VT-R × Sus, PW-R × Sus and Vip-R × Sus had complete mortality on YieldGard VT PRO, PowerCore, Agrisure Viptera, and Agrisure Viptera 3, whereas the HX-R × Sus and Vip-R × Sus strains survived on Herculex maize. On Bt cotton, the HX-R, VT-R and PW-R strains exhibited high survival on Bollgard II. All resistant strains survived on WideStrike, but only PW-R and Vip-R × Sus survived on TwinLink. Our study provides useful data to aid in the understanding of the effectiveness of the refuge strategy for Insect Resistance Management of Bt plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato J Horikoshi
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Oderlei Bernardi
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José B Malaquias
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela M Okuma
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L Miraldo
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando S de A E Amaral
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Omoto
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Pádua Dias 11, Piracicaba 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Blanco CA, Chiaravalle W, Dalla-Rizza M, Farias JR, García-Degano MF, Gastaminza G, Mota-Sánchez D, Murúa MG, Omoto C, Pieralisi BK, Rodríguez J, Rodríguez-Maciel JC, Terán-Santofimio H, Terán-Vargas AP, Valencia SJ, Willink E. Current situation of pests targeted by Bt crops in Latin America. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 15:131-138. [PMID: 27436743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis- (Bt) insecticidal proteins (Bt crops) have provided useful pest management tools to growers for the past 20 years. Planting Bt crops has reduced the use of synthetic insecticides on cotton, maize and soybean fields in 11 countries throughout Latin America. One of the threats that could jeopardize the sustainability of Bt crops is the development of resistance by targeted pests. Governments of many countries require vigilance in measuring changes in Bt-susceptibility in order to proactively implement corrective measures before Bt-resistance is widespread, thus prolonging the usefulness of Bt crops. A pragmatic approach to obtain information on the effectiveness of Bt-crops is directly asking growers, crop consultants and academics about Bt-resistance problems in agricultural fields, first-hand information that not necessarily relies on susceptibility screens performed in laboratories. This type of information is presented in this report. Problematic pests of cotton and soybeans in five Latin American countries currently are effectively controlled by Bt crops. Growers that plant conventional (non-Bt) cotton or soybeans have to spray synthetic insecticides against multiple pests that otherwise are controlled by these Bt crops. A similar situation has been observed in six Latin American countries where Bt maize is planted. No synthetic insecticide applications are used to control corn pests because they are controlled by Bt maize, with the exception of Spodoptera frugiperda. While this insect in some countries is still effectively controlled by Bt maize, in others resistance has evolved and necessitates supplemental insecticide applications and/or the use of Bt maize cultivars that express multiple Bt proteins. Partial control of S. frugiperda in certain countries is due to its natural tolerance to the Bt bacterium. Of the 31 pests targeted and controlled by Bt crops in Latin America, only S. frugiperda has shown tolerance to certain Bt proteins in growers' fields, the most reliable indication of the status of Bt-susceptibility in most of the American continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Blanco
- University of New Mexico, 544 Jurgensen Place, Landover, MD, USA.
| | | | | | - J R Farias
- Instituto Phytus, 2319 Duque de Caxias Street, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M F García-Degano
- EEAOC-CONICET-ITANOA, Sección Zoología Agrícola William Cross 3150, Las Talitas, 4101 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - G Gastaminza
- EEAOC-CONICET-ITANOA, Sección Zoología Agrícola William Cross 3150, Las Talitas, 4101 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - D Mota-Sánchez
- Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, 1129 Farm Lane, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M G Murúa
- EEAOC-CONICET-ITANOA, Sección Zoología Agrícola William Cross 3150, Las Talitas, 4101 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - C Omoto
- University of São Paulo, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture (ESALQ), 11 Pádua Dias Av., Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - J Rodríguez
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Km 17, Cali, Colombia
| | | | | | - A P Terán-Vargas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Cuauhtémoc, Tamps, Mexico
| | - S J Valencia
- Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Km 17, Cali, Colombia
| | - E Willink
- EEAOC-CONICET-ITANOA, Sección Zoología Agrícola William Cross 3150, Las Talitas, 4101 Tucumán, Argentina
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