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Yanagisawa T, Kato Y, Inoue MN. Infection Prevalence of Microsporidia Vairimorpha ( Nosema) spp. in Japanese Bumblebees. INSECTS 2023; 14:340. [PMID: 37103155 PMCID: PMC10145284 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microsporidia are spore-forming intracellular parasites of various invertebrates and vertebrates. Vairimorpha bombi negatively affects the fitness of bumblebees and its prevalence correlates with declining bumblebee populations. The invasive alien species Bombus terrestris colonized Japan and possibly introduced new parasites. To assess the infection prevalence of V. bombi in Japanese bumblebees and B. terrestris, we investigated V. bombi infections using PCR and microscopy. The prevalence of sporulating V. bombi infections in three Bombus s. str. species/subspecies was low, whereas that of non/low-sporulating Vairimorpha sp. infections in three Diversobombus species/subspecies was high. Invasive B. terrestris showed low prevalence of non/low-sporulating V. bombi infections and shared the same V. bombi haplotype with B. hypocrita found in Hokkaido, where B. terrestris is present, and in Honshu, where B. terrestris is absent. Although V. bombi may have been introduced with B. terrestris colonies imported from Europe, it seems to be originally distributed in Japan. Furthermore, a new Vairimorpha sp. was found in Japanese bumblebee species. V. bombi and Vairimorpha sp. showed different organ and host specificities in bumblebees. There are no reports on the specific effects of other Vairimorpha spp. on bumblebees; further studies are needed to clarify the individual characteristics of Vairimorpha spp.
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Lü D, Dong Y, Yan Z, Liu X, Zhang Y, Yang D, He K, Wang Z, Wang P, Yuan X, Li Y. Dynamics of gut microflora across the life cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda and its effects on the feeding and growth of larvae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:173-182. [PMID: 36111485 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera frugiperda is an important invasive agricultural pest that causes huge economic losses worldwide. Gut microorganisms play a vital role in host feeding, digestion, nutrition, immunity, growth and insecticide resistance. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to study the gut microbial community dynamics across the life cycle (egg, 1st to 6th instar larvae, pupae, and male and female adults) of S. frugiperda fed on maize leaves. Furthermore, the gut microbial community and food intake of the 5th instar S. frugiperda larvae were studied after feeding them antibiotics. RESULTS Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae dominated the gut during growth and feeding of the larvae. The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae was higher in the 4th and 6th instar larvae. With the increase in larval feeding, the relative abundance of Enterococcaceae gradually increased. In addition, principal coordinate analysis and linear discriminant effect size analysis confirmed differences in the structure of gut microbiota at different developmental stages. After antibiotic treatment, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota decreased. The relative abundance of Enterococcus and Klebsiella decreased significantly. Antibiotic treatment inhibited the gut flora of S. frugiperda, which decreased larval food intake and body weight gain, and prolonged the larval stage. CONCLUSION The composition of the gut bacterial community plays an important role in the growth, development, and feeding of S. frugiperda. The results have a certain theoretical value for the development of bio-pesticides targeting intestinal flora. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbiao Lü
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanlu Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zizheng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daibin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Geneva, NY, USA
| | - Xiangqun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Arai H, Inoue MN, Kageyama D. Male-killing mechanisms vary between Spiroplasma species. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1075199. [PMID: 36519169 PMCID: PMC9742256 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Male-killing, a male-specific death of arthropod hosts during development, is induced by Spiroplasma (Mollicutes) endosymbionts of the Citri-Poulsonii and the Ixodetis groups, which are phylogenetically distant groups. Spiroplasma poulsonii induces male-killing in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera) using the Spaid toxin that harbors ankyrin repeats, whereas little is known about the origin and mechanisms of male-killing induced by Spiroplasma ixodetis. Here, we analyzed the genome and the biological characteristics of a male-killing S. ixodetis strain sHm in the moth Homona magnanima (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera). Strain sHm harbored a 2.1 Mb chromosome and two potential plasmids encoding Type IV effectors, putatively involved in virulence and host-symbiont interactions. Moreover, sHm did not harbor the spaid gene but harbored 10 ankyrin genes that were homologous to those in other S. ixodetis strains. In contrast to the predominant existence of S. poulsonii in hemolymph, our quantitative PCR assays revealed a systemic distribution of strain sHm in H. magnanima, with particularly high titers in Malpighian tubules but low titers in hemolymph. Furthermore, transinfection assays confirmed that strain sHm can infect cultured cells derived from distantly related insects, namely Aedes albopictus (Diptera) and Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera). These results suggest different origins and characteristics of S. ixodetis- and S. poulsonii-induced male-killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Arai
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Maki N. Inoue
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kageyama
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
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4
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Du S, Ye F, Wang Q, Liang Y, Wan W, Guo J, Liu W. Multiple Data Demonstrate That Bacteria Regulating Reproduction Could Be Not the Cause for the Thelytoky of Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). INSECTS 2021; 13:9. [PMID: 35055852 PMCID: PMC8777843 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In Hymenoptera parasitoids, the reproductive mode is arrhenotoky, while a few species reproduce by thelytoky. The thelytoky of Hymenoptera parasitoids is generally genetically determined by the parasitoids themselves or induced by bacteria, including Wolbachia, Cardinium, and Rickettsia. Diglyphus wani (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a recently reported thelytokous species is a main parasitoid attacking agromyzid leafminers. To assess whether endosymbionts induce thelytoky in D. wani, we performed universal PCR detection and sequenced the V3-V4 region of 16S ribosomal RNA gene. In addition, bacteria were removed through high-temperature and antibiotic treatments, and the localized bacteria were detected using FISH. Based on general PCR detection, Wolbachia, Cardinium, Rickettsia, Arsenophonus, Spiroplasma, and Microsporidia were absent in laboratory and field individuals of thelytokous D. wani. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the dominant endosymbionts in thelytokous D. wani were not reproductive manipulators. High-temperature and antibiotic treatment for five consecutive generations cannot reverse the thelytokous pattern of D. wani, and no male offspring were produced. Moreover, no bacterial spots were found in the ovaries of D. wani. Thus, it is considered that the thelytoky of D. wani does not result in the presence of endosymbionts. This species is thus the second reported eulophid parasitoid whose thelytoky appears not to be associated with endosymbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Du
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.D.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Fuyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.D.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Qijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.D.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
- Institute of Entomological Science, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Yongxuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.D.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
- Department of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Weijie Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.D.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Jianyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.D.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
| | - Wanxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (S.D.); (F.Y.); (Q.W.); (Y.L.); (W.W.)
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5
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Noman MS, Shi G, Liu LJ, Li ZH. Diversity of bacteria in different life stages and their impact on the development and reproduction of Zeugodacus tau (Diptera: Tephritidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:363-376. [PMID: 32091660 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fruit flies usually harbor diverse communities of bacteria in their digestive systems, which are known to play a significant role in their fitness. However, little information is available on Zeugodacus tau, a polyphagous pest worldwide. This study reports the first extensive analysis of bacterial communities in different life stages and their effect on the development and reproduction of laboratory-reared Z. tau. Cultured bacteria were identified using the conventional method, and all bacteria were identified by high-throughput technologies (16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of V3-V4 region). A total of six bacterial phyla were identified in larvae, pupae, and male and female adult flies, which were distributed into 14 classes, 32 orders, 58 families and 96 genera. Proteobacteria was the most represented phylum in all the stages except larvae. Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Providencia, and Pseudomonas were identified by conventional and next-generation sequencing analysis in both male and female adult flies, and Enterobacter was found to be the main genus. After being fed with antibiotics from the first instar larvae, bacterial diversity changed markedly in the adult stage. Untreated flies laid eggs and needed 20 days before oviposition while the treated flies showed ovary development inhibited and were not able to lay eggs, probably due to the alteration of the microbiota. These findings provide the cornerstone for unexplored research on bacterial function in Z. tau, which will help to develop an environmentally friendly management technique for this kind of harmful insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shibly Noman
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Shi
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Li
- Department of Entomology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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6
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Fujita R, Inoue MN, Takamatsu T, Arai H, Nishino M, Abe N, Itokawa K, Nakai M, Urayama SI, Chiba Y, Amoa-Bosompem M, Kunimi Y. Late Male-Killing Viruses in Homona magnanima Identified as Osugoroshi Viruses, Novel Members of Partitiviridae. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:620623. [PMID: 33552030 PMCID: PMC7854922 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Late male-killing, a male-specific death after hatching, is a unique phenotype found in Homona magnanima, oriental tea tortrix. The male-killing agent was suspected to be an RNA virus, but details were unknown. We herein successfully isolated and identified the putative male-killing virus as Osugoroshi viruses (OGVs). The three RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes detected were phylogenetically related to Partitiviridae, a group of segmented double-stranded RNA viruses. Purified dsRNA from a late male-killing strain of H. magnanima revealed 24 segments, in addition to the RdRps, with consensus terminal sequences. These segments included the previously found male-killing agents MK1068 (herein OGV-related RNA16) and MK1241 (OGV-related RNA7) RNAs. Ultramicroscopic observation of purified virions, which induced late male-killing in the progeny of injected moths, showed sizes typical of Partitiviridae. Mathematical modeling showed the importance of late male-killing in facilitating horizontal transmission of OGVs in an H. magnanima population. This study is the first report on the isolation of partiti-like virus from insects, and one thought to be associated with late male-killing, although the viral genomic contents and combinations in each virus are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Fujita
- Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maki N Inoue
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Takumi Takamatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Mayu Nishino
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Pathogen Genomics Center, Natinal Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Syun-Ichi Urayama
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuto Chiba
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Laboratory of Sanitary Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kunimi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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7
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Takamatsu T, Arai H, Abe N, Nakai M, Kunimi Y, Inoue MN. Coexistence of Two Male-Killers and Their Impact on the Development of Oriental Tea Tortrix Homona magnanima. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2021; 81:193-202. [PMID: 32737539 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Male-killing, the death of male offspring induced by maternally transmitted microbes, is classified as early, or late, male-killing. The primary advantage afforded by early male-killing, which typically occurs during embryogenesis, is the reallocation of resources to females, that would have otherwise been consumed by males. Meanwhile, the key advantage of late male-killing, which typically occurs during late larval development, is the maximized potential for horizontal transmission. To date, no studies have reported on the associated developmental and physiological effects of host coinfection with early and late male-killers, which may have a significant impact on the population dynamics of the male-killers. Here we used a lepidopteran tea pest Homona magnanima as a model, which is a unique system wherein an early male-killer (a Spiroplasma bacterium) and a late male-killer (an RNA virus) can coexist in nature. An artificially established matriline, coinfected with both Spiroplasma and RNA virus, exhibited embryonic death (early male-killing) as seen in the host line singly infected with Spiroplasma. Moreover, the coinfected line also exhibited developmental retardation and low pupal weight similar to the host line singly infected with the RNA virus. A series of field surveys revealed that Spiroplasma-RNA virus coinfection occurs in nature at a low frequency. Hence, although the two male-killers are capable of coexisting within the H. magnanima population independently, high associated fitness cost appears to limit the prevalence of male-killer coinfection in the field host population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Takamatsu
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Arai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kunimi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Maki N Inoue
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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8
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[Osugoroshi virus, a male-killer virus]. Uirusu 2021; 71:63-70. [PMID: 35526996 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.71.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In insects, sex ratio bias is sometimes introduced by feminization, parthenogenesis, cytoplasmic incompatibility, or male-killing. Some intracellular bacteria such as Wolbachia or Spiroplasma has been known as male-killing agents. Here I introduce an example of non-bacterial male-killing agent, Osugoroshi virus found in oriental tea tortrix.
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9
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Arai H, Lin SR, Nakai M, Kunimi Y, Inoue MN. Closely Related Male-Killing and Nonmale-Killing Wolbachia Strains in the Oriental Tea Tortrix Homona magnanima. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2020; 79:1011-1020. [PMID: 31820073 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-019-01469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Wolbachia are inherited intracellular bacteria that cause male-specific death in some arthropods, called male-killing. To date, three Wolbachia strains have been identified in the oriental tea tortrix Homona magnanima (Tortricidae, Lepidoptera); however, none of these caused male-killing in the Japanese population. Here, we describe a male-killing Wolbachia strain in Taiwanese H. magnanima. From field-collected H. magnanima, two female-biased host lines were established, and antibiotic treatments revealed Wolbachia (wHm-t) as the causative agent of male-killing. The wsp and MLST genes in wHm-t are identical to corresponding genes in the nonmale-killing strain wHm-c from the Japanese population, implying a close relationship of the two strains. Crossing the Japanese and Taiwanese H. magnanima revealed that Wolbachia genotype rather than the host genetic background was responsible for the presence of the male-killing phenotype. Quantitative PCR analyses revealed that the density of wHm-t was higher than that of other Wolbachia strains in H. magnanima, including wHm-c. The densities of wHm-t were also heterogeneous between host lines. Notably, wHm-t in the low-density and high-density lines carried identical wsp and MLST genes but had distinct lethal patterns. Furthermore, over 90% of field-collected lines of H. magnanima in Taiwan were infected with wHm-t, although not all host lines harboring wHm-t showed male-killing. The host lines that showed male-killing harbored a high density of Wolbachia compared to the host lines that did not show male-killing. Thus, the differences in the phenotypes appear to be dependent on biological and genetic characteristics of closely related Wolbachia strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Arai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shiou Ruei Lin
- Department of Tea Agronomy Tea Research and Extension Station, 324 Chung-Hsing RD., Yangmei, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kunimi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Maki N Inoue
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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10
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Bai Z, Liu L, Noman MS, Zeng L, Luo M, Li Z. The influence of antibiotics on gut bacteria diversity associated with laboratory-reared Bactrocera dorsalis. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 109:500-509. [PMID: 30394234 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485318000834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) is a destructive insect pest of a wide range of fruit crops. Commensal bacteria play a very important part in the development, reproduction, and fitness of their host fruit fly. Uncovering the function of gut bacteria has become a worldwide quest. Using antibiotics to remove gut bacteria is a common method to investigate gut bacteria function. In the present study, three types of antibiotics (tetracycline, ampicillin, and streptomycin), each with four different concentrations, were used to test their effect on the gut bacteria diversity of laboratory-reared B. dorsalis. Combined antibiotics can change bacteria diversity, including cultivable and uncultivable bacteria, for both male and female adult flies. Secondary bacteria became the dominant population in female and male adult flies with the decrease in normally predominant bacteria. However, in larvae, only the predominant bacteria decreased, the bacteria diversity did not change a lot, likely because of the short acting time of the antibiotics. The bacteria diversity did not differ among fruit fly treatments with antibiotics of different concentrations. This study showed the dynamic changes of gut bacterial diversity in antibiotics-treated flies, and provides a foundation for research on the function of gut bacteria of the oriental fruit fly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bai
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M S Noman
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - L Zeng
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - M Luo
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Z Li
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Arai H, Hirano T, Akizuki N, Abe A, Nakai M, Kunimi Y, Inoue MN. Multiple Infection and Reproductive Manipulations of Wolbachia in Homona magnanima (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2019; 77:257-266. [PMID: 29931623 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia interacts with host in either a mutualistic or parasitic manner. Wolbachia is frequently identified in various arthropod species, and to date, Wolbachia infections have been detected in different insects. Here, we found a triple Wolbachia infection in Homona magnanima, a serious tea pest, and investigated the effects of three infecting Wolbachia strains (wHm-a, -b, and -c) on the host. Starting with the triple-infected host line (Wabc), which was collected in western Tokyo in 1999 and maintained in laboratory, we established an uninfected line (W-) and three singly infected lines (Wa, Wb, and Wc) using antibiotics. Mating experiments with the host lines revealed that only wHm-b induced cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in H. magnanima, with the intensities of CI different between the Wb and Wabc lines. Regarding mutualistic effects, wHm-c shortened larval development time and increased pupal weight in both the Wc and Wabc lines to the same extent, whereas no distinct phenotype was observed in lines singly infected with wHm-a. Based on quantitative PCR analysis, Wolbachia density in the Wa line was higher than in the other host lines (p < 0.01, n = 10). Wolbachia density in the Wb line was also higher than in the Wc and Wabc lines, while no difference was observed between the Wc and Wabc lines. These results indicate that the difference in the CI intensity between a single or multiple infection may be attributed to the difference in wHm-b density. However, no correlation was observed between mutualistic effects and Wolbachia density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Arai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hirano
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Naoya Akizuki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Akane Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakai
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kunimi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Maki N Inoue
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Goryacheva I, Blekhman A, Andrianov B, Romanov D, Zakharov I. Spiroplasma infection in Harmonia axyridis - Diversity and multiple infection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198190. [PMID: 29813113 PMCID: PMC5973594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The heritable endosymbiotic bacterium Spiroplasma is found in the harlequin ladybird Harmonia axyridis. The proportion of beetles infected with Spiroplasma in different native H. axyridis populations varies from 2% to 49%. We investigated the polymorphism of Spiroplasma strains in samples from individual beetles from Kyoto, Vladivostok, Troitsa Bay, Novosibirsk, and Gorno-Altaisk. To identify Spiroplasma strains, we analyzed nucleotide polymorphisms of the 16S rRNA gene and the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS1). The majority of infected beetles were infected with two or more Spiroplasma strains. We measured Spiroplasma density in beetles with different infection status using quantitative PCR. The abundance of Spiroplasma in samples with a single infection is an order of magnitude lower than in samples with multiple infections. Density dependent biological effects of Spiroplasma are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Goryacheva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Blekhman
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris Andrianov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Romanov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Zakharov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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