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Non-Canonical Programmed Cell Death in Colon Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143309. [PMID: 35884370 PMCID: PMC9320762 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-canonical PCD is an important player in colon cancer cell suicide. It influences colon cancer in many ways, such as through tumorigenesis, treatment, and prognosis. In this review, we present the mechanism, application, and prospect of different types of non-canonical PCD in colon cancer. Abstract Programmed cell death (PCD) is an evolutionarily conserved process of cell suicide that is regulated by various genes and the interaction of multiple signal pathways. Non-canonical programmed cell death (PCD) represents different signaling excluding apoptosis. Colon cancer is the third most incident and the fourth most mortal worldwide. Multiple factors such as alcohol, obesity, and genetic and epigenetic alternations contribute to the carcinogenesis of colon cancer. In recent years, emerging evidence has suggested that diverse types of non-canonical programmed cell death are involved in the initiation and development of colon cancer, including mitotic catastrophe, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, oxeiptosis, NETosis, PANoptosis, and entosis. In this review, we summarized the association of different types of non-canonical PCD with tumorigenesis, progression, prevention, treatments, and prognosis of colon cancer. In addition, the prospect of drug-resistant colon cancer therapy related to non-canonical PCD, and the interaction between different types of non-canonical PCD, was systemically reviewed.
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Alamer N, Meshkini A, Khoshtabiat L, Behnamsani A. Synergizing effects of chemodynamic therapy and chemotherapy against breast cancer by oxaliplatin-loaded polydopamine/BSA@copper ferrite. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jayathilake AG, Hassanzadeganroudsari M, Jovanovska V, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. The comparative anti-cancer effects of krill oil and oxaliplatin in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:12. [PMID: 35236377 PMCID: PMC8892734 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our in vitro studies demonstrated that krill oil (KO) has anti-cancer potential. This study aimed to compare the anti-cancer effects of KO with a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, oxaliplatin and to identify the molecular mechanisms associated with KO supplementation in a mouse model of colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Thirty-six male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into six groups. Five groups received standard chow diet supplemented with KO (150 g/kg)), corn oil (150 g/kg), KO combined with ½ dose of oxaliplatin (1.5 mg/kg body weight/3 times per week), corn oil combined with ½ dose of oxaliplatin (1.5 mg/kg body weight/3 times per week), or a full dose of oxaliplatin (3 mg/kg body weight/3 times per week). The control (sham) group received a standard chow diet. Treatments started three weeks before and continued for three weeks after orthotopic CRC induction. The number of metastases, tumour weight and volume were quantified ex-vivo. The expression of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9 and -3, DNA damage, PD-L1, PD-L2 and HSP-70 were determined. RESULTS A significant reductions in the weight and volume of tumours were observed in mice treated with KO and KO plus a ½ dose of oxaliplatin compared to the sham group, similar to oxaliplatin-treated mice. KO, and KO plus ½ dose of oxaliplatin significantly increased the expression of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9 and -3, and DNA damage and decreased expression of PD-L1, PD-L2 and HSP-70 in tumour tissues compared to the sham group. CONCLUSIONS The in vivo anti-cancer effects of KO are comparable with oxaliplatin. Thus, dietary KO supplementation has a great potential as a therapeutic/adjunctive agent for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valentina Jovanovska
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001, Australia. .,Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.
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Diori Karidio I, Sanlier SH. Reviewing cancer's biology: an eclectic approach. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:32. [PMID: 34719756 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer refers to a group of some of the worldwide most diagnosed and deadliest pathophysiological conditions that conquered researchers' attention for decades and yet begs for more questions for a full comprehension of its complex cellular and molecular pathology. MAIN BODY The disease conditions are commonly characterized by unrestricted cell proliferation and dysfunctional replicative senescence pathways. In fact, the cell cycle operates under the rigorous control of complex signaling pathways involving cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases assumed to be specific to each phase of the cycle. At each of these checkpoints, the cell is checked essentially for its DNA integrity. Genetic defects observed in these molecules (i.e., cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases) are common features of cancer cells. Nevertheless, each cancer is different concerning its molecular and cellular etiology. These could range from the genetic defects mechanisms and/or the environmental conditions favoring epigenetically harbored homeostasis driving tumorigenesis alongside with the intratumoral heterogeneity with respect to the model that the tumor follows. CONCLUSIONS This review is not meant to be an exhaustive interpretation of carcinogenesis but to summarize some basic features of the molecular etiology of cancer and the intratumoral heterogeneity models that eventually bolster anticancer drug resistance for a more efficient design of drug targeting the pitfalls of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Diori Karidio
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Senay Hamarat Sanlier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.,ARGEFAR, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
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Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Mirzaei S, Hashemi F, Samarghandian S, Zabolian A, Hushmandi K, Ang HL, Sethi G, Kumar AP, Ahn KS, Nabavi N, Khan H, Makvandi P, Varma RS. Gallic acid for cancer therapy: Molecular mechanisms and boosting efficacy by nanoscopical delivery. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 157:112576. [PMID: 34571052 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Majority of recent research efforts in the field aim to address why cancer resistance to therapy develops and how to overcome or prevent it. In line with this, novel anti-cancer compounds are desperately needed for chemoresistant cancer cells. Phytochemicals, in view of their pharmacological activities and capacity to target various molecular pathways, are of great interest in the development of therapeutics against cancer. Plant-derived-natural products have poor bioavailability which restricts their anti-tumor activity. Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid exclusively found in natural sources such as gallnut, sumac, tea leaves, and oak bark. In this review, we report on the most recent research related to anti-tumor activities of GA in various cancers with a focus on its underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular pathwaysthat that lead to apoptosis and migration of cancer cells. GA down-regulates the expression of molecular pathways involved in cancer progression such as PI3K/Akt. The co-administration of GA with chemotherapeutic agents shows improvements in suppressing cancer malignancy. Various nano-vehicles such as organic- and inorganic nano-materials have been developed for targeted delivery of GA at the tumor site. Here, we suggest that nano-vehicles improve GA bioavailability and its ability for tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Phd student of pharmacology, Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hui Li Ang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Centre for Materials Interfaces, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025, Pontedera, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Qian XL, Zhou F, Xu S, Jiang J, Chen ZP, Wang SK, Zuo Y, Ni C. MiR-454-3p Promotes Oxaliplatin Resistance by Targeting PTEN in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638537. [PMID: 34017681 PMCID: PMC8129568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Oxaliplatin is the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. However, acquired resistance to oxaliplatin limits its therapeutic efficacy, and the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. In this study, we compared the expression of a panel of microRNAs (miRNAs) between oxaliplatin-sensitive and -resistant HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells. We found that miR-454-3p was significantly up-regulated in oxaliplatin-resistant cells and was the most differently expressed miRNA. Interestingly, we observed that inhibition of miR-454-3p resensitized resistant cells to oxaliplatin and enhanced oxaliplatin-induced cellular apoptosis. Moreover, we determined that miR-454-3p promoted oxaliplatin resistance through targeting PTEN and activating the AKT signaling pathway. In vivo study revealed that overexpression of miR-454-3p decreased the sensitivity of HCT-116 xenograft tumors to oxaliplatin treatment in a mouse model. Clinically, overexpression of miR-454-3p was associated with decreased responsiveness to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, as well as a short progression-free survival. Taken together, our study indicated that the expression of miR-454-3p could be used to predict oxaliplatin sensitivity, and targeting miR-454-3p could overcome oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lan Qian
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Song Xu
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Shao-Kai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Yun Zuo
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
| | - Chen Ni
- Department of Oncology, Zhangjiagang First People's Hospital, The Affiliated Zhangjiagang Hospital of Soochow University, Zhangjiagang, China
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Guzmán EA, Pitts TP, Tandberg KR, Winder PL, Wright AE. Discovery of Survivin Inhibitors Part 1: Screening the Harbor Branch Pure Compound Library. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19020073. [PMID: 33573152 PMCID: PMC7911841 DOI: 10.3390/md19020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Survivin is a 16.5 KDa protein whose functions include promoting cellular mitosis, angiogenesis, and senescence as well as inhibiting apoptosis. Higher survivin expression is found in cancer tissues than normal tissues, and this expression correlates with disease progression and aggressiveness. Survivin has been validated as a clinical target for cancer. Small molecules are important antagonists of survivin levels in cancer cells. A structurally diverse library of genetically encoded small molecules (natural products) derived from marine plants, invertebrates, and microbes was screened for their ability to reduce expression levels of survivin in the DLD-1 colon adenocarcinoma and the A549 nonsmall cell lung carcinoma cell lines. This led to the identification of this novel activity for the known compounds eryloside E, ilicicolin H, tanzawaic acid A, and p-hydroxyphenopyrrozin. Both eryloside E and ilicicolin H showed the ability to reduce survivin expression in the low micromolar range against both cell lines.
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Madigan JP, Robey RW, Poprawski JE, Huang H, Clarke CJ, Gottesman MM, Cabot MC, Rosenberg DW. A role for ceramide glycosylation in resistance to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer. Exp Cell Res 2020; 388:111860. [PMID: 31972222 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence to support a role for the ceramide-metabolizing enzyme, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), in resistance to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. Whether GCS contributes to oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not yet been determined. We have addressed this potentially important clinical issue by examining GCS function in two panels of oxaliplatin-resistant, isogenic CRC cell lines. Compared to parental cell lines, oxaliplatin-resistant cells have increased expression of GCS protein associated with increased levels of the pro-survival ceramide metabolite, glucosylceramide (GlcCer). Inhibition of GCS expression by RNAi-mediated gene knockdown resulted in a reduction in cellular GlcCer levels, with restored sensitivity to oxaliplatin. Furthermore, oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells displayed lower ceramide levels both basally and after treatment with oxaliplatin, compared to parental cells. GlcCer, formed by GCS-mediated ceramide glycosylation, is the precursor to a complex array of glycosphingolipids. Differences in cellular levels and species of gangliosides, a family of glycosphingolipids, were also seen between parental and oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells. Increased Akt activation was also observed in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines, together with increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein survivin. Finally, this study shows that GCS protein levels are greatly increased in human CRC specimens, compared to matched, normal colonic mucosa, and that high levels of UGCG gene expression are significantly associated with decreased disease-free survival in colorectal cancer patients. These findings uncover an important cellular role for GCS in oxaliplatin chemosensitivity and may provide a novel cellular target for augmenting chemotherapeutic drug effectiveness in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Madigan
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA; Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanna E Poprawski
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huakang Huang
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine and the Stony Brook Cancer Center at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Myles C Cabot
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine and East Carolina Diabetes Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Daniel W Rosenberg
- Center for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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Noordhuis P, Laan AC, van de Born K, Honeywell RJ, Peters GJ. Coexisting Molecular Determinants of Acquired Oxaliplatin Resistance in Human Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153619. [PMID: 31344863 PMCID: PMC6696456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin (OHP) treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) frequently leads to resistance. OHP resistance was induced in CRC cell lines LoVo-92 and LoVo-Li and a platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line, A2780, and related to cellular platinum accumulation, platinum-DNA adducts, transporter expression, DNA repair genes, gene expression arrays, and array-CGH profiling. Pulse (4 h, 4OHP) and continuous exposure (72 h, cOHP) resulted in 4.0 to 7.9-fold and 5.0 to 11.8-fold drug resistance, respectively. Cellular oxaliplatin accumulation and DNA-adduct formation were decreased and related to OCT1-3 and ATP7A expression. Gene expression profiling and pathway analysis showed significantly altered p53 signaling, xenobiotic metabolism, role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling pathways, were related to decreased ALDH1L2, Bax, and BBC3 (PUMA) and increased aldo-keto reductases C1 and C3. The array-CGH profiles showed focal aberrations. In conclusion, OHP resistance was correlated with total platinum accumulation and OCT1-3 expression, decreased proapoptotic, and increased anti-apoptosis and homologous repair genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Noordhuis
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adrianus C Laan
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper van de Born
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Honeywell
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of 1Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU University Medical Center (VUmc), CCA 1.52, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Attili D, McClintock SD, Rizvi AH, Pandya S, Rehman H, Nadeem DM, Richter A, Thomas D, Dame MK, Turgeon DK, Varani J, Aslam MN. Calcium-induced differentiation in normal human colonoid cultures: Cell-cell / cell-matrix adhesion, barrier formation and tissue integrity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215122. [PMID: 30995271 PMCID: PMC6469792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The goal of the study was to assess calcium alone and Aquamin, a multi-mineral natural product that contains magnesium and detectable levels of 72 trace elements in addition to calcium, for capacity to affect growth and differentiation in colonoid cultures derived from histologically-normal human colon tissue. Methods Colonoid cultures were maintained in a low-calcium (0.25 mM) medium or in medium supplemented with an amount of calcium (1.5–3.0 mM), either from calcium alone or Aquamin for a period of two weeks. This was shown in a previous study to induce differentiation in colonoids derived from large adenomas. Changes in growth, morphological features and protein expression profile were assessed at the end of the incubation period using a combination of phase-contrast and scanning electron microscopy, histology and immunohistology, proteomic assessment and transmission electron microscopy. Results Unlike the previously-studied tumor-derived colonoids (which remained un-differentiated in the absence of calcium-supplementation), normal tissue colonoids underwent differentiation as indicated by gross and microscopic appearance, a low proliferative index and high-level expression of cytokeratin 20 in the absence of intervention (i.e., in control condition). Only modest additional changes were seen in these parameters with either calcium alone or Aquamin (providing up to 3.0 mM calcium). In spite of this, proteomic analysis and immunohistochemistry revealed that both interventions induced strong up-regulation of proteins that promote cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesive functions, barrier formation and tissue integrity. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an increase in desmosomes in response to intervention. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that colonoids derived from histologically normal human tissue can undergo differentiation in the presence of a low ambient calcium concentration. However, higher calcium levels induce elaboration of proteins that promote cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion. These changes could lead to improved barrier function and improved colon tissue health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Attili
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shannon D. McClintock
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Areeba H. Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Shailja Pandya
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Humza Rehman
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniyal M. Nadeem
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Aliah Richter
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dafydd Thomas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Dame
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Danielle Kim Turgeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James Varani
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Muhammad N. Aslam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sun C, Zhang H, Li S, Zhang X, Cheng Q, Ding Y, Wang LH, Wang R. Polymeric Nanomedicine with "Lego" Surface Allowing Modular Functionalization and Drug Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25090-25098. [PMID: 29993234 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Surface functionalization of nanoparticles (NPs) is of pivotal importance in nanomedicine. However, current strategies often require covalent conjugation that involves laborious design and synthesis. Herein, cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7])-decorated poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs are developed and exploited for the first time as a novel, biocompatible, and versatile drug delivery platform with a noncovalently tailorable surface. CB[7] on the surface of NPs, acting as a "Lego" base block, allowed facile, modular surface modification with a variety of functional moieties or tags that are linked with amantadine (a complementary "Lego" piece to the base block), including amantadine-conjugated folate, polyethylene glycol, and fluorescein isothiocyanate. In addition, surface CB[7] also provided an opportunity for encapsulation of a secondary drug, such as oxaliplatin, into the cavity of the base block CB[7], in addition to a primary drug (e.g., paclitaxel) loaded into PLA/PLGA NPs, for a possible synergistic chemotherapy. This proof of concept not only provides the first versatile PLA/PLGA nanomedicine platform with "Lego" surface for modular functionalization and improved drug delivery but also offers new insights into the design and development of novel nanomedicine with a modular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau 999078 , China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun 130012 , China
| | - Shengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau 999078 , China
| | - Xiangjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau 999078 , China
| | - Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau 999078 , China
| | - Yuanfu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau 999078 , China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Lian-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Ruibing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Avenida da Universidade , Taipa , Macau 999078 , China
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12
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Manuel-Manresa P, Korrodi-Gregório L, Hernando E, Villanueva A, Martínez-García D, Rodilla AM, Ramos R, Fardilha M, Moya J, Quesada R, Soto-Cerrato V, Pérez-Tomás R. Novel Indole-based Tambjamine-Analogues Induce Apoptotic Lung Cancer Cell Death through p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation. Mol Cancer Ther 2017; 16:1224-1235. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Tummala S, Kumar MNS, Pindiprolu SK. Improved anti-tumor activity of oxaliplatin by encapsulating in anti-DR5 targeted gold nanoparticles. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3505-3519. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1199606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tummala
- Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J.S.S. University, Mysore, India
| | - M. N. Satish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J.S.S. University, Mysore, India
| | - Sai Kiran Pindiprolu
- Department of Pharmacology, J.S.S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J.S.S. University, Mysore, India
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Tummala S, Gowthamarajan K, Satish Kumar MN. Oxaliplatin immunohybrid nanoparticles in vitro synergistic suppression evaluation in treatment of colorectal cancer. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:261-269. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1146730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Tummala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J. S. S University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Gowthamarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J. S. S University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - M. N. Satish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, J. S. S. College of Pharmacy (off-Campus), J. S. S University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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15
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Okuyama K, Kaida A, Hayashi Y, Hayashi Y, Harada K, Miura M. KPU-300, a Novel Benzophenone-Diketopiperazine-Type Anti-Microtubule Agent with a 2-Pyridyl Structure, Is a Potent Radiosensitizer That Synchronizes the Cell Cycle in Early M Phase. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145995. [PMID: 26716455 PMCID: PMC4696839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KPU-300 is a novel colchicine-type anti-microtubule agent derived from plinabulin (NPI-2358). We characterized the effects of KPU-300 on cell cycle kinetics and radiosensitization using HeLa cells expressing the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (Fucci). Cells treated with 30 nM KPU-300 for 24 h were efficiently synchronized in M phase and contained clearly detectable abnormal Fucci fluorescence. Two-dimensional flow-cytometric analysis revealed a fraction of cells distinct from the normal Fucci fluorescence pattern. Most of these cells were positive for an M phase marker, the phosphorylated form of histone H3. Cells growing in spheroids responded similarly to the drug, and the inner quiescent fraction also responded after recruitment to the growth fraction. When such drug-treated cells were irradiated in monolayer, a remarkable radiosensitization was observed. To determine whether this radiosensitization was truly due to the synchronization in M phase, we compared the radiosensitivity of cells synchronized by KPU-300 treatment and cells in early M phase isolated by a combined method that took advantage of shake-off and the properties of the Fucci system. Following normalization against the surviving fraction of cells treated with KPU-300 alone, the surviving fractions of cells irradiated in early M phase coincided. Taken together with potential vascular disrupting function in vivo, we propose a novel radiosensitizing strategy using KPU-300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Okuyama
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaida
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Harada
- Section of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Maxillofacial and Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
| | - Masahiko Miura
- Section of Oral Radiation Oncology, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113–8549, Japan
- * E-mail:
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16
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Tan S, Guan X, Grün C, Zhou Z, Schepers U, Nick P. Gallic acid induces mitotic catastrophe and inhibits centrosomal clustering in HeLa cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:506-13. [PMID: 26368671 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells divide rapidly, providing medical targets for anticancer agents. The polyphenolic gallic acid (GA) is known to be toxic for certain cancer cells. However, the cellular mode of action has not been elucidated. Therefore, the current study addressed a potential effect of GA on the mitosis of cancer cells. GA inhibited viability of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. We could show, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), that this inhibition was accompanied by elevated frequency of cells arrested at the G2/M transition. This cell-cycle arrest was accompanied by mitotic catastrophe, and formation of cells with multiple nuclei. These aberrations were preceded by impaired centrosomal clustering. We arrive at a model of action, where GA inhibits the progression of the cell cycle at the G2/M phase by impairing centrosomal clustering which will stimulate mitotic catastrophe. Thus, GA has potential as compound against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Tan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany; Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Xin Guan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Christoph Grün
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Zhiqin Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute 1, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.
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Liu J, Zhang L, Zhang X, Xing X. Rapamycin enhanced the antitumor efficacy of oxaliplatin in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells A2780cis both in vitro and in vivo. J Chemother 2015; 27:358-64. [PMID: 25976336 DOI: 10.1179/1973947815y.0000000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of combination of rapamycin, an mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor for treating rejection after organ transplantation, and oxaliplatin, a third-generation of platinum drug usually used to treat chemoresistant or progressive ovarian cancer, in cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma cells A2780cis. METHODS/MATERIALS Expressions of mTOR and its target molecules p70S6K and 4E-BP1 were determined in cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells A2780 and A2780cis, respectively, using Western blotting. Proliferation of A2780cis exposure to oxaliplatin or oxaliplatin plus rapamycin was examined using MTT assay in vitro as well as a nude mice model in vivo. Cell apoptosis and proapoptosis proteins including caspase-8 and -3 and PARP were determined using flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS We found that A2780cis cells had partial cross-resistance between cisplatin and oxaliplatin. The levels of phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 were significantly increased in A2780cis cells compared to A2780 cells, which might be implicated in cisplatin-induced chemoresistance. Rapamycin obviously enhanced the inhibitory effect of oxaliplatin on the growth of A2780cis both in vitro and in vivo. Rapamycin slightly induced cell apoptosis but significantly enhanced the effect of oxaliplatin in soliciting apoptosis of A2780cis cells, which might be ascribed to its ability in further increasing the levels of cleaved caspase-8 and -3 and PARP induced by oxaliplatin. CONCLUSION These results suggested that combination of oxaliplatin and rapamycin enhanced the antitumour efficacy of oxaliplatin in A2780cis cells and therefore might have a role in treating cisplatin-resistant ovarian carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng , Shandong, China
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18
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Kaminski BM, Weigert A, Scherzberg MC, Ley S, Gilbert B, Brecht K, Brüne B, Steinhilber D, Stein J, Ulrich-Rückert S. Resveratrol-induced potentiation of the antitumor effects of oxaliplatin is accompanied by an altered cytokine profile of human monocyte-derived macrophages. Apoptosis 2015; 19:1136-47. [PMID: 24715262 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-0988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate, whether the naturally occurring polyphenol resveratrol (Res) enhances the anti-tumor activities of the chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin (Ox) in a cell culture model of colorectal cancer, also with regard to a possible inflammatory response and cytotoxic side-effects. Res and Ox in combination synergistically inhibit cell growth of Caco-2 cells, which seems to be due to the induction of different modes of cell death and further leads to an altered cytokine profile of cocultured macrophages. Moreover, combinatorial treatment does not affect non-transformed cells as severe cytotoxicity is not detected in human foreskin fibroblasts and platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Kaminski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Biozentrum, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ebrahim F, Shankaranarayanan JS, Kanwar JR, Gurudevan S, Krishnan UM, Kanwar RK. Identification of unprecedented anticancer properties of high molecular weight biomacromolecular complex containing bovine lactoferrin (HMW-bLf). PLoS One 2014; 9:e106568. [PMID: 25222273 PMCID: PMC4164354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
With the successful clinical trials, multifunctional glycoprotein bovine lactoferrin is gaining attention as a safe nutraceutical and biologic drug targeting cancer, chronic-inflammatory, viral and microbial diseases. Interestingly, recent findings that human lactoferrin oligomerizes under simulated physiological conditions signify the possible role of oligomerization in the multifunctional activities of lactoferrin molecule during infections and in disease targeting signaling pathways. Here we report the purification and physicochemical characterization of high molecular weight biomacromolecular complex containing bovine lactoferrin (≥250 kDa), from bovine colostrum, a naturally enriched source of lactoferrin. It showed structural similarities to native monomeric iron free (Apo) lactoferrin (∼78–80 kDa), retained anti-bovine lactoferrin antibody specific binding and displayed potential receptor binding properties when tested for cellular internalization. It further displayed higher thermal stability and better resistance to gut enzyme digestion than native bLf monomer. High molecular weight bovine lactoferrin was functionally bioactive and inhibited significantly the cell proliferation (p<0.01) of human breast and colon carcinoma derived cells. It induced significantly higher cancer cell death (apoptosis) and cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in cancer cells than the normal intestinal cells. Upon cellular internalization, it led to the up-regulation of caspase-3 expression and degradation of actin. In order to identify the cutting edge future potential of this bio-macromolecule in medicine over the monomer, its in-depth structural and functional properties need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Ebrahim
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jagat R. Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sneha Gurudevan
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Rupinder K. Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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20
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Vivek R, Thangam R, Nipunbabu V, Ponraj T, Kannan S. Oxaliplatin-chitosan nanoparticles induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway: A “smart” drug delivery system to breast cancer cell therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:289-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xiong Y, Guo W, Li T, Li K. Influence of survivin-targeted siRNA on the biological features of colorectal carcinoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 1:304-7. [PMID: 24573871 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-007-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The transient transfection of survivin-targeted siRNA to Lovo cells and its influence on the biological features were studied. Two pairs of 19 base pairs (bp) siRNA-specific targeted survivin gene were designed and synthesized by in vitro transcription (Survivin-1, Survivin-2). After transient transfection of the two survivin-targeted siRNAs to Lovo cells by Lipofectamine™ 2000, the expression of survivin mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. We found that the expression levels of survivin mRNA of the two RNAi groups (Survivin-1 group and Survivin-2 group) respectively decreased by 70% and 39.1% compared with the control Lovo's. Seventy-two hours after transfection, apoptosis rates of the two RNAi groups were 21.51% and 26.28%, both of which were higher than control Lovo's (9.03%). The results at 72 h after transfection were that the optical density (OD) at 490 nm of the two RNAi groups was 0.581 ± 0.070 and 0.681 ± 0.104, both of which were much lower than the control Lovo's (2.060 ± 0.272). Based on the results, we can draw a conclusion that the two survivin-targeted siRNAs successfully suppressed the expression of survivin mRNA, inhibited cell growth and induce cell apoptosis. It provides a powerful evidence for colorectal carcinoma gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiong
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nan Fang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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22
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Park DG. Antichemosensitizing effect of resveratrol in cotreatment with oxaliplatin in HCT116 colon cancer cell. Ann Surg Treat Res 2014; 86:68-75. [PMID: 24761411 PMCID: PMC3994604 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2014.86.2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Although oxaliplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of advanced stages of colorectal cancers in clinic, cancer cells often develop oxaliplatin drug resistance. Thus, overcoming oxaliplatin drug resistance is a major issue in the successful treatment for advanced stages of colorectal malignancy. In order to maximize oxaliplatin therapy, we examined whether resveratrol, a natural phytochemical known to have chemopreventive effects on cancers, can have a chemosensitizing effect upon cotreatment with oxaliplatin. Survivin, a small inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP), expression is examined using HCT116 colon cancer cells. Methods In order to examine resveratrol chemosensitizing effect upon oxaliplatin cotreatment, survivin transcripts and protein expression, cell proliferation, and apoptotic responses were evaluated using HCT116 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, crystal violet staining analyses were performed. For survivin specific inhibition, YM155 molecule was used. Results Although oxaliplatin significantly suppressed survivin transcripts and protein expression level in HCT116 cells, resveratrol cotreatment induced restoration of survivin expression level of both transcripts and protein. Apoptotic induction by oxaliplatin only treatment was nullified upon resveratrol cotreatment. Induction of survivin restoration upon resveratrol cotreatment also occurred when survivin specific inhibitor, YM155, was used. In addition to survivin restoration, resveratrol cotreatment also induced restoration of Bcl-2/caspase-3 expression suppressed by oxaliplatin only treatment. Conclusion Resveratrol has an antichemosensitizing effect upon cotreatment with oxaliplatin in HCT colon cancer cells. This antichemosensitizing effect of resveratrol can be cell-type specific. However, clinical use of resveratrol cotreatment with oxaliplatin should be approached cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Guk Park
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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Vondálová Blanářová O, Jelínková I, Hyršlová Vaculová A, Sova P, Hofmanová J, Kozubík A. Higher anti-tumour efficacy of platinum(IV) complex LA-12 is associated with its ability to bypass M-phase entry block induced in oxaliplatin-treated human colon cancer cells. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:665-76. [PMID: 24118195 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Therapeutic potential of conventionally used platinum-based drugs in treatment of colorectal tumours has been limited due to high incidence of tumour resistance to them and to their severe side effects. This evokes a search for more suitable anti-cancer drugs. We have compared ability of oxaliplatin and a novel platinum(IV) complex, LA-12, to modulate the cell cycle and induce apoptosis in human colon adenocarcinoma HCT116 wt and p53/p21 null cells, and have investigated molecular mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell cycle-related changes were analysed by flow cytometry (bromodeoxyuridine/propidium iodide staining, histone H3 phosphorylation). Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry (assays monitoring caspase activity) and fluorescence microscopy (nuclear morphology). Changes in levels of genes/proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis regulation were examined by RT-PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Our results highlight the outstanding ability of LA-12 to induce effective elimination of colon cancer cells independently of p53/p21, and in significantly lower doses compared to oxaliplatin. While oxaliplatin induced p53- and p21-dependent G2 -phase arrest associated with downregulation of cyclin B1 and Cdk1, LA-12 allowed cells to enter M-phase of the cell cycle regardless of p53/p21 status. CONCLUSIONS Higher malignant cell toxicity and ability to bypass cell cycle arrest important for the cell damage repair suggest LA-12 to be a more effective candidate for elimination of colon tumours from a variety of genetic backgrounds, compared with oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, 61265, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Brno, 621 00, Czech Republic
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Bavykin AS, Korotaeva AA, Poyarkov SV, Syrtsev AV, Tjulandin SA, Karpukhin AV. Double siRNA-targeting of cIAP2 and LIVIN results in synergetic sensitization of HCT-116 cells to oxaliplatin treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:1333-40. [PMID: 24098083 PMCID: PMC3789649 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s44893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Most colon cancers show low sensitivity to treatment with oxaliplatin and a specific strategy is needed to overcome this problem. Our approach uses RNA interference to silence the expression of target genes responsible for the development of oxaliplatin resistance. Profile analysis of genes related to the regulation of apoptosis allowed identification of target genes showing the greatest degree of upregulation in response to oxaliplatin exposure. Methods We designed a panel of genes with functions closely related to inactivation of the caspase cascade, endoplasmic reticulum stress reduction, and drug metabolism. The candidate genes were silenced by means of specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides. Results The caspase 3 and 9 inhibitors of apoptosis 2 (cIAP2) and LIVIN were found to be the most dose-responsive genes during the period of oxaliplatin treatment. Two-fold sensitization of cells to oxaliplatin was observed with independent knockdown of either cIAP2 or LIVIN expression. siRNA-silencing of both targets produced a five-fold increase in oxaliplatin sensitivity of HCT-116 cells. Conclusion A dose-dependent approach revealed reliable targets for siRNA-silencing under low doses of oxaliplatin. Targeting the key proapoptotic chain with several specific siRNAs resulted in synergetic sensitization of HCT-116 cells to oxaliplatin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Bavykin
- Russian Academy of Medical Science Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Caputo F, Vegliante R, Ghibelli L. Redox modulation of the DNA damage response. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:1292-306. [PMID: 22846600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lesions to DNA trigger the DNA-damage response (DDR), a complex, multi-branched cell-intrinsic process targeted to DNA repair, or elimination of the damaged cells by apoptosis. DDR aims at reducing permanence of mutated cells, decreasing the risk of tumor development: the more stringent the response, the lower the likelihood that sub-lethally damaged, unrepaired cells survive and proliferate. Accordingly, leakage often occurs in tumor cells with compromised DDR, accumulating mutations and accelerating tumor progression. Oxidations mediate DNA damage upon different insults such as UV, X and γ radiation, pollutants, poisons, or endogenous disequilibria, producing different types of lesions that trigger DDR, which can be alleviated by antioxidants. But reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the enzymes involved in their production or scavenging, also participate in DDR signaling, modulating the activity of key enzymes, and regulating the stringency of DDR. Accordingly, antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase play intimate and complex roles in tumor development, exceeding the basal roles of preventing the initial DNA damage. Likewise, it is emerging that dietary antioxidants help controlling tumor onset and progression by preventing DNA damage and by acting on cell cycle checkpoints, opening a novel and promising frontier to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Caputo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
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26
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Bhattacharyya J, Mihara K, Ohtsubo M, Yasunaga S, Takei Y, Yanagihara K, Sakai A, Hoshi M, Takihara Y, Kimura A. Overexpression of BMI-1 correlates with drug resistance in B-cell lymphoma cells through the stabilization of survivin expression. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:34-41. [PMID: 21999765 PMCID: PMC11164169 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of BMI-1 is correlated with disease progression in cancer patients. We showed that ectopic expression of BMI-1 in B-cell lymphoma cell lines, HT and RL, conferred resistance to etoposide and oxaliplatin, known to enhance sensitivity by targeting the survivin gene, but not to irinotecan, which is not relevant to the downregulation of survivin expression. The expression of survivin was not only augmented in cells transduced with BMI-1, but persisted in the presence of etoposide in cells overexpressing BMI-1. By contrast, the mock-transduced cells succumbed in the medium with anticancer drugs, with an accompanying decrease in BMI-1 and survivin expression. BMI-1 overexpression stabilized survivin post-translationally without an accompanying rise in the mRNA, suggesting survivin as a potential target for BMI-1. Knockdown of either BMI-1 or survivin restored sensitivity to etoposide in the BMI-1-overexpressing lymphoma cells. An analysis of six patients with B-cell lymphoma showed that in the drug-resistant patients, levels of BMI-1 and survivin were maintained even after drug administration. However, downregulation of both BMI-1 and survivin expression was observed in the drug-sensitive patients. Therefore, BMI-1 might facilitate drug resistance in B-cell lymphoma cells through the regulation of survivin. BMI-1 could be an important prognostic marker as well as a future therapeutic target in the treatment of drug-resistant lymphomas.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Etoposide/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/chemistry
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/metabolism
- Irinotecan
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/metabolism
- Nuclear Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Organoplatinum Compounds/pharmacology
- Oxaliplatin
- Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Survivin
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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27
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The role of paclitaxel in the development and treatment of multidrug resistant cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2011; 65:345-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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28
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Wang F, Wang LX, Li SL, Li K, He W, Liu HT, Fan QX. Downregulation of stathmin is involved in malignant phenotype reversion and cell apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Surg Oncol 2011; 103:704-15. [PMID: 21360534 DOI: 10.1002/jso.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Stathmin plays a critical role in the regulation of mitosis and mediates the development of malignant tumors. Here, we investigated the potential role of stathmin in cell cycle and apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS A stathmin short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid was employed to downregulate stathmin expression in the ESCC cell line EC9706 cells. Cell proliferation was measured by cell counting, MTT, and colony formation assay. Cell migration was measured by Boyden chamber. Western blot was used to analyze the expressions of stathmin, survivin, and apoptosis-related proteins in transfected cells. Cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry and DNA ladder. Oncogenicity assay in nude mice was utilized to analyze phenotypic changes of transfected cells in vivo. RESULTS After transfection with stathmin shRNA plasmid, stathmin expression markedly decreased in EC9706 cells. Stathmin downregulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo, meanwhile arrested cell cycle in the G2/M phase and induced cell apoptosis. Further, stathmin downregulation resulted in downregulation of Bcl-2 and survivin proteins, activation of Caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that stathmin may play an essential role in carcinogenesis of ESCC, which will lay a foundation for target therapy of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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29
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du Plessis-Stoman D, du Preez J, van de Venter M. Combination treatment with oxaliplatin and mangiferin causes increased apoptosis and downregulation of NFκB in cancer cell lines. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES 2010; 8:177-84. [PMID: 22238500 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v8i2.63206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mangiferin-mediated down-regulation of NFκB showed potential for chemotherapeutic agent-mediated cell death, suggesting a role in combination therapy for cancer. In this study the combined mechanism of the anticancer action of oxaliplatin and mangiferin was investigated. MTT dose response curves, trypan blue staining, caspase 3 assays as well as DNA cell cycle analyses were performed on HeLa, HT29 and MCF7 cancer cell lines, with and without the addition of 10 µg/ml mangiferin. Mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA fragmentation, resistance induction studies and NFκB assays were performed on HT29 cells only. Addition of 10 µg/ml mangiferin reduced oxaliplatin IC(50) values in HT29 (3.4 fold) and HeLa (1.7 fold) cells in the MTT assay while reducing trypan blue staining. This was accompanied by increased caspase 3 activation and DNA fragmentation and a delay in the S-phase of the cell cycle. Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization was not enhanced in the combination treatment. Mangiferin was shown to cause a reduction of NF-κB activation in HT29 cells rendered resistant to oxaliplatin. The present study indicates that mangiferin in combination with oxaliplatin favours apoptotic cell death and thereby improves the efficacy of oxaliplatin in vitro. In addition, combination therapy with mangiferin may also counteract the development of resistance in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- D du Plessis-Stoman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
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30
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Abstract
The inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin’s threonine 34 to alanine (T34A) mutation abolishes a phosphorylation site for p34(cdc2)–cyclin B1, resulting in initiation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cancer cells; however, it has little known direct effects on normal cells. The possibility that targeting survivin in this way may provide a novel approach for selective cancer gene therapy has yet to be fully evaluated. Although a flurry of work was undertaken in the late 1990s and early 2000s, only minor advances on this mutant have recently taken place. We recently described that cells generated to express a stable form of the mutant protein released this survivin-T34A to the conditioned medium. When this conditioned medium was collected and deposited on naive tumor cells, conditioned medium T34A was as effective as some chemotherapeutics in the induction of tumor cell apoptosis, and when combined with other forms of genotoxic stressors potentiated their killing effects. We hope with this review to revitalize the T34A field, as there is still much that needs to be investigated. In addition to determining the therapeutic dose and the duration of drug therapy required at the disease site, a better understanding of other key factors is also important. These include knowledge of target cell populations, cell-surface receptors, changes that occur in the target tissue at the molecular and cellular level with progression of the disease, and the mechanism and site of therapeutic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Aspe
- Center for Health Disparities, Research and Molecular Medicine, Division of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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31
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Howells LM, Sale S, Sriramareddy SN, Irving GRB, Jones DJL, Ottley CJ, Pearson DG, Mann CD, Manson MM, Berry DP, Gescher A, Steward WP, Brown K. Curcumin ameliorates oxaliplatin-induced chemoresistance in HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2010; 129:476-86. [PMID: 20839263 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine potency of oxaliplatin in combination with curcumin in oxaliplatin-resistant cell lines in vitro and to evaluate the efficacy of a novel curcumin formulation (Meriva®) alone and in combination with oxaliplatin in colorectal tumor-bearing mice, exploring relevant pharmacodynamic markers in vivo. Oxaliplatin-resistant HCT116 p53wt and p53(-/-) cell lines were generated, and the effects of oxaliplatin in combination with curcumin on resistance- and proliferation-associated proteins investigated. Eighty nude mice were implanted with HCT116 p53wt colorectal cancer cells before randomization into the following treatment groups: control; Meriva only; oxaliplatin only; Meriva + oxaliplatin. Tumor volume was assessed, as was the expression of Ki-67, cleaved caspase-3 and Notch-1. Curcumin in combination with oxaliplatin was able to decrease proliferative capacity of oxaliplatin-resistant p53 wildtype and p53(-/-) cell lines more effectively than oxaliplatin alone. It also decreased markers associated with proliferation. After 21 days of treatment in the xenograft model, the order of efficacy was combination > Meriva > oxaliplatin > control. The decrease in tumor volume when compared to vehicle-treated animals was 53, 35 and 16%, respectively. Ki-67 and Notch-1 immunoreactivity was decreased by the combination when compared to vehicle-treated animals, with cleaved caspase-3 rising by 4.4-fold. Meriva did not adversely affect the DNA-platinating ability of oxaliplatin. Curcumin enhanced the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in models of oxaliplatin resistance in vitro. In vivo, Meriva greatly enhanced oxaliplatin efficacy, without affecting the mode of action of oxaliplatin. Addition of formulated curcumin to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimens has the potential for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M Howells
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, United Kingdom.
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Sohn WJ, Lee JW, Park DG. Change in Expression of Survivin Caused by Using Oxaliplatin in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF COLOPROCTOLOGY 2010; 26:246-53. [PMID: 21152225 PMCID: PMC2998014 DOI: 10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Oxaliplatin is a third-generation platinum compound, and it has no nephrotoxicity and has reduced bone marrow toxicity. Cancer cells that are resistant to cisplatin are sensitive to oxaliplatin. Oxaliplatin is used widely for the treatment of colon cancers. Recently, oxaliplatin was reported to inhibit the expression of survivin, which protects cell apoptosis. However, there are no reports on the expressions of survivin variants and the changes in intracellular localization of survivin in cancer cells. We studied the expression of survivin caused by oxaliplatin in HCT116 colon cancer cells, and we observed the localization of survivin in the mitotic phase. Methods We treated the HCT116 colon cancer cells with 2.0 µM of oxaliplatin, and we studied the expressions of survivin protein, and survivin mRNA variants, as well as the changes in intracellular localization, by using the Western blot method, RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, and flowcytometry. Results Oxaliplatin inhibits the expression of the survivin protein and survivin mRNA in HCT116 colon cancer cells. The expression of the survivin-2B variants, which have no antiapoptotic activity but control cell mitosis by localization on a microtubule, is reduced continuously 2 days after treatment with oxaliplatin. In immunocytochemistry, expression of survivin in the cytoplasm is reduced and especially is not expressed in microtubules and contractile rings. Conclusion One of the mechanisms of oxaliplatin is to inhibit the expression of and to change the localization of survivin. Based on these results, we suggest that changes in the expression of survivin variants and in their localization are two effects of oxaliplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Jun Sohn
- Department of Surgery, Dankook University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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33
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Liu HF, Hu HC, Chao JI. Oxaliplatin down-regulates survivin by p38 MAP kinase and proteasome in human colon cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:535-45. [PMID: 20708607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 07/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin, a platinum derivative cancer drug, has been used for treating human colorectal cancers. Survivin has been proposed as a cancer target, which highly expressed in most cancer cells but not normal adult cells. In this study, we investigated the regulation of survivin expression by exposure to oxaliplatin in human colon cancer cells. Oxaliplatin (3-9μM for 24h) markedly induced cytotoxicity, proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in the human RKO colon cancer cells. The survivin protein expression of RKO cells is dramatically reduced by oxaliplatin; however, the survivin gene expression is slightly altered. The survivin blockage of oxaliplatin elevated caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in RKO cells. Over-expression of survivin proteins by transfection with a survivin-expressed vector resisted the oxaliplatin-induced cancer cell death. Meantime, oxaliplatin elicited the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. SB202190, a specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, restored the survivin protein level and attenuated oxaliplatin-induced cancer cell death. In addition, oxaliplatin increased the levels of phospho-p53 (Ser-15) and total p53 proteins. Inhibition of p53 expression by a specific p53 inhibitor pifithrin-α reduced the phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase and active caspase-3 proteins in the oxaliplatin-exposed RKO cells. In contrast, SB202190 did not alter the oxaliplatin-induced p53 protein level. Furthermore, treatment with a specific proteasome inhibitor MG132 restored survivin protein level in the oxaliplatin-treated colon cancer cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time that survivin is down-regulated by p38 MAP kinase and proteasome degradation pathway after treatment with oxaliplatin in the human colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Fang Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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34
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Kaechele V, Moehler M, Lutz MP, von Wichert G, Eisele M, Klaus J, Galle PR, Adler G, Seufferlein T. A phase I/II study of oxaliplatin and paclitaxel in patients with non-resectable cancer of the oesophagus and adenocarcinoma of the gastro-oesophageal junction: a study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010; 66:191-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-010-1312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cheung CHA, Chen HH, Kuo CC, Chang CY, Coumar MS, Hsieh HP, Chang JY. Survivin counteracts the therapeutic effect of microtubule de-stabilizers by stabilizing tubulin polymers. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:43. [PMID: 19575780 PMCID: PMC2714493 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin is a dual function protein. It inhibits the apoptosis of cells by inhibiting caspases, and also promotes cell growth by stabilizing microtubules during mitosis. Over-expression of survivin has been demonstrated to induce drug-resistance to various chemo-therapeutic agents such as cisplatin (DNA damaging agent) and paclitaxel (microtubule stabilizer) in cancers. However, survivin-induced resistance to microtubule de-stabilizers such as Vinca alkaloids and Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4)-related compounds were seldom demonstrated in the past. Furthermore, the question remains as to whether survivin plays a dominant role in processing cytokinesis or inhibiting caspases activity in cells treated with anti-mitotic compounds. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of survivin on the resistance and susceptibility of human cancer cells to microtubule de-stabilizer-induced cell death. Results BPR0L075 is a CA-4 analog that induces microtubule de-polymerization and subsequent caspase-dependent apoptosis. To study the relationship between the expression of survivin and the resistance to microtubule de-stabilizers, a KB-derived BPR0L075-resistant cancer cell line, KB-L30, was generated for this study. Here, we found that survivin was over-expressed in the KB-L30 cells. Down-regulation of survivin by siRNA induced hyper-sensitivity to BPR0L075 in KB cells and partially re-stored sensitivity to BPR0L075 in KB-L30 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that down-regulation of survivin induced microtubule de-stabilization in both KB and KB-L30 cells. However, the same treatment did not enhance the down-stream caspase-3/-7 activities in BPR0L075-treated KB cells. Translocation of a caspase-independent apoptosis-related molecule, apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), from cytoplasm to the nucleus was observed in survivin-targeted KB cells under BPR0L075 treatment. Conclusion In this study, survivin plays an important role in the stability of microtubules, but not with caspases inhibition. Over-expression of survivin counteracts the therapeutic effect of microtubule de-stabilizer BPR0L075 probably by stabilizing tubulin polymers, instead of the inhibition of caspase activity in cancer cells. Besides microtubule-related caspase-dependent cell death, caspase-independent mitotic cell death could be initiated in survivin/BPR0L075 combination treatments. We suggest that combining microtubule de-stabilizers with a survivin inhibitor may attribute to a better clinical outcome than the use of anti-mitotic monotherapy in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan ROC.
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36
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Saridaki Z, Pappas P, Souglakos J, Nikolaidou M, Vardakis N, Kotsakis A, Marselos M, Georgoulias V, Mavroudis D. A dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of the biweekly administration of paclitaxel, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2009; 65:121-8. [PMID: 19415279 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-009-1013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and the maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of the paclitaxel, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin combination administered biweekly in patients with advanced solid tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients received escalated doses of paclitaxel (starting dose: 100 mg/m(2)), gemcitabine (starting dose: 800 mg/m(2)) and oxaliplatin (starting dose: 50 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 15 in cycles of every 4 weeks. DLTs were evaluated during the first cycle. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients (median age 65 years) with performance status 0-1 were treated on six dose escalation levels. Eleven patients (40.7%) were chemotherapy naïve, six (22.2%) had received 1 prior chemotherapy regimen and ten (37.1%) 2 or more. The DLT level was reached at the doses of paclitaxel 110 mg/m(2), gemcitabine 1,150 mg/m(2) and LOHP 70 mg/m(2). The dose-limiting events were grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 febrile neutropenia. Neutropenia was the most common adverse event. A median of 3 cycles per patient was administered. One complete and five partial responses were observed in patients with ovarian carcinoma, NSCLC, urothelial cancer, mesothelioma and cancer of unknown primary. No pharmacokinetic drug interactions were detected. CONCLUSIONS The recommended doses for future phase II studies of this combination are paclitaxel 110 mg/m(2), gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) and oxaliplatin 70 mg/m(2) every 2 weeks. The regimen is generally well tolerated and merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharenia Saridaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71110 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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37
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Schedule-dependent synergistic interaction between gemcitabine and oxaliplatin in human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cell lines. Anticancer Drugs 2009; 20:123-30. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283218080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Survivin has multiple functions including cytoprotection, inhibition of cell death, and cell-cycle regulation, especially at the mitotic process stage, all of which favor cancer survival. Many studies on clinical specimens have shown that survivin expression is invariably up-regulated in human cancers and is associated with resistance to chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and linked to poor prognosis, suggesting that cancer cells survive with survivin. It is also reported that survivin inhibition, alone or in combination with the other therapies, induces or enhances apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in tumor cells. Moreover, certain antitumor agents can reduce survivin expression. These findings suggest that survivin may be a promising molecular target against human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yamamoto
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Theodore C, Chevreau C, Yataqhene Y, Fizazi K, Delord JP, Lotz JP, Geoffrois L, Kerbrat P, Bui V, Flechon A. A phase II multicenter study of oxaliplatin in combination with paclitaxel in poor prognosis patients who failed cisplatin-based chemotherapy for germ-cell tumors. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1465-1469. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Schulze-Bergkamen H, Ehrenberg R, Hickmann L, Vick B, Urbanik T, Schimanski CC, Berger MR, Schad A, Weber A, Heeger S, Galle PR, Moehler M. Bcl-x L and Myeloid cell leukaemia-1 contribute to apoptosis resistance of colorectal cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2008; 14:3829-40. [PMID: 18609706 PMCID: PMC2721439 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.14.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the role of Bcl-xL and Myeloid cell leukaemia (Mcl)-1 for the apoptosis resistance of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells towards current treatment modalities.
METHODS: Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 mRNA and protein expression were analyzed in CRC cell lines as well as human CRC tissue by Western blot, quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein expression was knocked down or increased in CRC cell lines by applying specific siRNAs or expression plasmids, respectively. After modulation of protein expression, CRC cells were treated with chemotherapeutic agents, an antagonistic epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR1) antibody, an EGFR1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or with the death receptor ligand TRAIL. Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed.
RESULTS: Here we show that in human CRC tissue and various CRC cell lines both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are expressed. Bcl-xL expression was higher in CRC tissue than in surrounding non-malignant tissue, both on protein and mRNA level. Mcl-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in malignant tissues. However, protein expression was slightly higher. Viability rates of CRC cells were significantly decreased after knock down of Bcl-xL expression, and, to a lower extent, after knock down of Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore, cells with reduced Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 expression was more sensitive towards oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-induced apoptosis, and in the case of Bcl-xL also towards 5-FU-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, upregulation of Bcl-xL by transfection of an expression plasmid decreased chemotherapeutic drug-induced apoptosis. EGF treatment clearly induced Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression in CRC cells. Apoptosis induction upon EGFR1 blockage by cetuximab or PD168393 was increased by inhibiting Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL expression. More strikingly, CD95- and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was increased by Bcl-xL knock down.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that Bcl-xL and, to a lower extent, Mcl-1, are important anti-apoptotic factors in CRC. Specific downregulation of Bcl-xL is a promising approach to sensitize CRC cells towards chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
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Indole-3-carbinol enhances anti-proliferative, but not anti-invasive effects of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:1774-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 02/06/2008] [Accepted: 02/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Noordhuis P, Laan AC, van de Born K, Losekoot N, Kathmann I, Peters GJ. Oxaliplatin activity in selected and unselected human ovarian and colorectal cancer cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 76:53-61. [PMID: 18508032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 04/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is used for treatment of colon cancer in combination with 5-fluorouracil or irinotecan. Oxaliplatin has similar, but also different resistant mechanisms as cisplatin. We studied the activity of oxaliplatin in ovarian and colon cancer cells with different resistance patterns to cisplatin. The 40-fold cisplatin-resistant cell line ADDP was only 7.5-fold resistant to oxaliplatin. The gemcitabine-resistant AG6000 cell line, 9-fold resistant to cisplatin, was not cross-resistant. LoVo-175X2, with mutant p53 showed no resistance compared to the empty vector control. However, LoVo-Li, with inactive p53, was 3.6-fold resistant corresponding to decreased accumulation and Pt adducts. Accumulation and DNA adducts formation showed no significant correlation with oxaliplatin sensitivity. Cell cycle distribution after exposure to oxaliplatin showed arrest in G2/M (A2780) or in S-phase (LoVo-92) for wt-p53 cells. ADDP and LoVo-Li showed G1 arrest followed by S-phase arrest and no changes in distribution, respectively. The cell cycle related proteins Cyclins A and B1 and (p)CDC25C were marginally affected by oxaliplatin. Expression of hCTR1 was decreased in ADDP, LoVo-Li and AG6000, OCT1 decreased in ADDP and AG6000 and OCT3 in LoVo-175X2, compared to the parental cell lines. In ADDP and LoVo-175X2 ATP7A and B were decreased but were increased in AG6000. From this study it can be concluded that changes in cell cycle distribution were cell line dependent and not related to changes in expression of Cyclin A or B1. Oxaliplatin accumulation was related to hCTR1 and, at low concentration, ATP7A to DNA adducts formation while the retention was related to hCTR1, OCT2 and ATP7B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Noordhuis
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Prewett M, Deevi DS, Bassi R, Fan F, Ellis LM, Hicklin DJ, Tonra JR. Tumors established with cell lines selected for oxaliplatin resistance respond to oxaliplatin if combined with cetuximab. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 13:7432-40. [PMID: 18094427 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish whether cetuximab, a chimeric IgG1 antibody targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, has the potential to restore responsiveness to oxaliplatin in preclinical cancer models, as has been shown with irinotecan in irinotecan refractory metastatic colorectal cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The effects of cetuximab and oxaliplatin, alone or in combination, were tested in vitro and in vivo using human colorectal cancer cell lines selected for oxaliplatin resistance, as well as parental control cell lines. Evaluations were made of subcutaneous xenograft tumor growth in nu/nu athymic mice, as well as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2) and AKT, expression of DNA repair genes, density of apurinic/apyrimidinic DNA damage, and accumulation of platinum-DNA adducts in vitro. RESULTS Oxaliplatin + cetuximab efficacy in murine subcutaneous xenograft models was greater than that of monotherapies and independent of the responsiveness to oxaliplatin monotherapy. In vitro, cetuximab reduced expression of excision repair cross-complementation group 1 and XPF, which are key components of the nucleotide excision repair pathway involved in the excision of platinum-DNA adducts. In addition, cetuximab reduced expression of XRCC1, a component of the base excision repair pathway responsible for the repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites. Effects of cetuximab on DNA repair protein levels were downstream to effects on mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT pathway activation. In line with effects on DNA repair protein expression, cetuximab increased the accumulation of platinum and apurinic/apyrimidinic sites on DNA during oxaliplatin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Cetuximab has the potential to salvage the benefits of oxaliplatin in oxaliplatin-resistant colorectal cancer patients by reducing DNA repair capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Prewett
- Department of Preclinical Pharmacology, ImClone Systems Incorporated, New York, NY 10014, USA.
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Hermann RM, Rave-Fränk M, Pradier O. Combining radiation with oxaliplatin: a review of experimental results. Cancer Radiother 2008; 12:61-7. [PMID: 18243751 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 12/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is integrated in treatment strategies against a variety of cancers including chemoradiation protocols against gastrointestinal, especially rectal cancers. Solid biological data with respect to radiosensitizing activity of oxaliplatin are still rare. This review is based on in vitro and experimental in vivo data concerning the combination of oxaliplatin and radiation published until July 2007. Taking either cell viability or clonogenic survival as an endpoint all reported on oxaliplatin-induced radiosensitization, and enhancement ratios ranged from 1.1 to 2.2. In vivo, enhanced tumor growth delay after combined oxaliplatin and radiation treatment was also reported. Therefore, oxaliplatin should be considered a potent radiosensitizer, although the mechanisms causing radiosensitizing properties of oxaliplatin have not been studied in detail. Herein, they are discussed with respect to apoptosis induction, p53-related signalling, cell cycle control, and DNA-repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Hermann
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Abteilung Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, Göttingen, Germany
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Vié N, Copois V, Bascoul-Mollevi C, Denis V, Bec N, Robert B, Fraslon C, Conseiller E, Molina F, Larroque C, Martineau P, Del Rio M, Gongora C. Overexpression of phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 stimulates cell growth and increases chemoresistance of colon cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:14. [PMID: 18221502 PMCID: PMC2245978 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of cancer death throughout the world. In this work our aim was to study the role of the phosphoserine aminotransferase PSAT1 in colorectal cancer development. RESULTS We first observed that PSAT1 is overexpressed in colon tumors. In addition, we showed that after drug treatment, PSAT1 expression level in hepatic metastases increased in non responder and decreased in responder patients. In experiments using human cell lines, we showed that ectopic PSAT1 overexpression in colon carcinoma SW480 cell line resulted in an increase in its growth rate and survival. In addition, SW480-PSAT1 cells presented a higher tumorigenic potential than SW480 control cells in xenografted mice. Moreover, the SW480-PSAT1 cell line was more resistant to oxaliplatin treatment than the non-transfected SW480 cell line. This resistance resulted from a decrease in the apoptotic response and in the mitotic catastrophes induced by the drug treatment. CONCLUSION These results show that an enzyme playing a role in the L-serine biosynthesis could be implicated in colon cancer progression and chemoresistance and indicate that PSAT1 represents a new interesting target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Vié
- CNRS, UMR 5160, CRLC, 15, av, Charles Flahault, BP14491, 34093, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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Ngan CY, Yamamoto H, Takagi A, Fujie Y, Takemasa I, Ikeda M, Takahashi-Yanaga F, Sasaguri T, Sekimoto M, Matsuura N, Monden M. Oxaliplatin induces mitotic catastrophe and apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells. Cancer Sci 2008; 99:129-39. [PMID: 17949450 PMCID: PMC11158366 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/09/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent oxaliplatin displays a wide range of antitumor activities. However, the underlying molecular responses to oxaliplatin in esophageal cancer remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of oxaliplatin on two esophageal cancer cell lines, squamous cell carcinoma (TE3) and adenocarcinoma (TE7). Following cell-cycle arrest at G(2) phase after oxaliplatin treatment, TE3 cells died via apoptosis and TE7 cells died via mitotic catastrophe. Survivin was inhibited more in TE7 cells compared with TE3 cells, but inhibition of survivin using small interfering RNA induced mitotic catastrophe in both cell lines. Further investigations indicated that survivin promoter activity was also inhibited by oxaliplatin. Among mitotic catastrophe-associated proteins, 14-3-3 sigma was decreased in TE7 cells; no evident changes were observed for aurora kinases. Oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis in the TE3 cells was caspase dependent. However, downregulation of Bad, Bid, Puma, and Noxa, lack of cytochrome c release, and limited loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in early phase indicated possible initiation by pathways other than the mitochondrial pathway. Mechanistic studies showed that downregulation of survivin by oxaliplatin in TE7 cells was partially due to the proteasome-mediated protein degradation pathway and partially due to the downregulation of Sp1 transcription factor. Similar results were obtained for another gastric adenocarcinoma cell line, MKN45, in which survivin was previously shown to be inhibited by oxaliplatin. These data indicate that survivin may be a key target for oxaliplatin. The ability of oxaliplatin to induce different modes of cell death may contribute to its efficacy in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Yee Ngan
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Martinico SCM, Jezzard S, Sturt NJH, Michils G, Tejpar S, Phillips RK, Vassaux G. Assessment of endostatin gene therapy for familial adenomatous polyposis-related desmoid tumors. Cancer Res 2007; 66:8233-40. [PMID: 16912203 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive activation of the Wnt signaling pathway is a hallmark of many cancers, including familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-related desmoid tumors. Endostatin is a well-known antiangiogenic protein that has been described recently as a potential inhibitor of this signaling pathway. Here, we show that endostatin directly induces apoptosis and inhibits the Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal cancer cell lines bearing mutations on the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene as a model of FAP-related malignant cells. We then explore the relationship between apoptosis and inhibition of this pathway and show that they are not correlated. These results seem to contradict a well-recognized study, showing that reintroduction of the APC cDNA in APC-deficient cells leads to apoptosis. To reconcile our conclusions with the literature, we further show that a truncated fragment of APC capable of inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway in SW480 cells is incapable of inducing apoptosis in these cells, confirming that APC-mediated apoptosis is uncoupled to the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. Finally, we show that endostatin directly induces cell death on primary FAP-related desmoid tumor cells in culture. This phenomenon is also independent of the inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway. Considering the current lack of effective treatment against desmoid tumors, we advocate that endostatin gene therapy represents an attractive new therapeutic approach for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C M Martinico
- Institute of Cancer and Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Barts and The London Queen Mary's School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Taxanes, microtubules and chemoresistant breast cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2007; 1785:96-132. [PMID: 18068131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2007.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Revised: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The taxanes, paclitaxel and docetaxel are microtubule-stabilizing agents that function primarily by interfering with spindle microtubule dynamics causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms underlying their action have yet to be fully elucidated. These agents have become widely recognized as active chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer and early-stage breast cancer with benefits gained in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). However, even with response to taxane treatment the time to progression (TTP) is relatively short, prolonging life for a matter of months, with studies showing that patients treated with taxanes eventually relapse. This review focuses on chemoresistance to taxane treatment particularly in relation to the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and dysfunctional regulation of apoptotic signaling. Since spindle microtubules are the primary drug targets for taxanes, important SAC proteins such as MAD2, BUBR1, Synuclein-gamma and Aurora A have emerged as potentially important predictive markers of taxane resistance, as have specific checkpoint proteins such as BRCA1. Moreover, overexpression of the drug efflux pump MDR-1/P-gp, altered expression of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) including tau, stathmin and MAP4 may help to identify those patients who are most at risk of recurrence and those patients most likely to benefit from taxane treatment.
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A dose escalation and pharmacokinetic study of biweekly pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, paclitaxel and oxaliplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 62:449-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0624-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Howells LM, Mitra A, Manson MM. Comparison of oxaliplatin- and curcumin-mediated antiproliferative effects in colorectal cell lines. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:175-83. [PMID: 17330230 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, despite markedly improved response rates to current systemic therapies. Oxaliplatin either alone or incorporated into 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin regimes has resulted in increased survival rates, particularly with regards to metastatic colorectal carcinoma. The chemopreventive polyphenol curcumin, which is currently in clinical trial, has been advocated for use in colorectal cancer either singly or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. In this study, the antiproliferative capacity of both compounds was compared in HCEC (normal-derived), HT29 (p53 mutant adenocarcinoma) and HCT116 (p53wt adenocarcinoma) colorectal cell lines to determine whether effects were cell-type specific at pharmacologically achievable doses, and whether the combination resulted in enhanced efficacy. Both oxaliplatin and curcumin displayed marked antiproliferative capacity at therapeutic concentrations in the two tumor cell lines. Order of sensitivity to oxaliplatin was HCT116>HT29>HCEC, whereas order of sensitivity to curcumin was HT29>HCT116>HCEC. HCT116 cells underwent induction of G2/M arrest in response to both oxaliplatin (irreversible) and curcumin (reversible). Apoptosis was induced by both agents, and up to 16-fold induction of p53 protein was observed in response to the combination. Antiproliferative effects in HT29 cells were largely cell cycle independent, and were mediated by induction of apoptosis. Effects were greatly enhanced in both cell lines when agents were combined. This study provides further evidence that curcumin may be of use in therapeutic regimes directed against colorectal cancer, and suggests that in combination with oxaliplatin it may enhance efficacy of the latter in both p53wt and p53 mutant colorectal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M Howells
- Cancer Biomarkers and Prevention Group, Biocentre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
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