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Goleij P, Sanaye PM, Alam W, Zhang J, Tabari MAK, Filosa R, Jeandet P, Cheang WS, Efferth T, Khan H. Unlocking daidzein's healing power: Present applications and future possibilities in phytomedicine. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 134:155949. [PMID: 39217652 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the leading causes of death and a great threat to people around the world. Cancer treatment modalities include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, radiochemotherapy, hormone therapy, and immunotherapy. The best approach is to use a combination of several types. Among the treatment methods mentioned above, chemotherapy is frequently used, but its activity is hampered by the development of drug resistance and many side effects. In this regard, the use of medicinal plants has been discussed, and in recent decades, the use of isolated phytochemicals came into the focus of interest. By critically evaluating the available evidence and emphasizing the unique perspective offered by this review, we provide insights into the potential of daidzein as a promising therapeutic agent, as well as outline future research directions to optimize its efficacy in clinical settings. PURPOSE To summarized the therapeutic potential of daidzein, an isoflavone phytoestrogen in the management of several human diseases with the focuses on the current status and future prospects as a therapeutic agent. METHODS Several search engines, including PubMed, GoogleScholar, and ScienceDirect, were used, with the search terms "daidzein", "daidzein therapeutic potential", or individual effects. The study included all peer-reviewed articles. However, the most recent publications were given priority. RESULTS Daidzein showed protective effects against malignant diseases such as breast cancer, prostate cancer but also non-malignant diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Daidzein activates multiple signaling pathways leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis as well as antioxidant and anti-metastatic effects in malignant cells. Moreover, the anticancer effects against different cancer cells were more prominent and discussed in detail. CONCLUSIONS In short, daidzein represents a promising compound for drug development. The comprehensive potential anticancer activities of daidzein through various molecular mechanisms and its therapeutic/clinical status required further detail studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Goleij
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran; PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pantea Majma Sanaye
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Junmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- PhytoPharmacology Interest Group (PPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research, Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Rosanna Filosa
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento 82100, Italy
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- Département de Biologie et Biochimie Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles Université de Reims BP 1039 51687, Reims CEDEX 02, France
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
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Laiman V, Chuang HC, Lo YC, Yuan TH, Chen YY, Heriyanto DS, Yuliani FS, Chung KF, Chang JH. Cigarette smoke-induced dysbiosis: comparative analysis of lung and intestinal microbiomes in COPD mice and patients. Respir Res 2024; 25:204. [PMID: 38730440 PMCID: PMC11088139 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02836-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of cigarette smoke (CS) on lung diseases and the role of microbiome dysbiosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been previously reported; however, the relationships remain unclear. METHODS Our research examined the effects of 20-week cigarette smoke (CS) exposure on the lung and intestinal microbiomes in C57BL/6JNarl mice, alongside a comparison with COPD patients' intestinal microbiome data from a public dataset. RESULTS The study found that CS exposure significantly decreased forced vital capacity (FVC), thickened airway walls, and induced emphysema. Increased lung damage was observed along with higher lung keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) levels by CS exposure. Lung microbiome analysis revealed a rise in Actinobacteriota, while intestinal microbiome showed significant diversity changes, indicating dysbiosis. Principal coordinate analysis highlighted distinct intestinal microbiome compositions between control and CS-exposed groups. In the intestinal microbiome, notable decreases in Patescibacteria, Campilobacterota, Defferibacterota, Actinobacteriota, and Desulfobacterota were observed. We also identified correlations between lung function and dysbiosis in both lung and intestinal microbiomes. Lung interleukins, interferon-ɣ, KC, and 8-isoprostane levels were linked to lung microbiome dysbiosis. Notably, dysbiosis patterns in CS-exposed mice were similar to those in COPD patients, particularly of Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 4 patients. This suggests a systemic impact of CS exposure. CONCLUSION In summary, CS exposure induces significant dysbiosis in lung and intestinal microbiomes, correlating with lung function decline and injury. These results align with changes in COPD patients, underscoring the important role of microbiome in smoke-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Laiman
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Collaboration Research Center for Precision Oncology based Omics- PKR Promics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsuen Yuan
- Department of Health and Welfare, College of City Management, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Industrial Ph.D. Program of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Didik Setyo Heriyanto
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada - Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fara Silvia Yuliani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Departments of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Chen CC, Shen YM, Li SB, Huang SW, Kuo YJ, Chen YP. Association of Coffee and Tea Intake with Bone Mineral Density and Hip Fracture: A Meta-Analysis. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1177. [PMID: 37374383 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass and high bone fragility. Findings regarding the association of coffee and tea intake with osteoporosis have been inconsistent. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate whether coffee and tea intake is associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and high hip fracture risk. Materials and Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase were searched for relevant studies published before 2022. Studies on the effects of coffee/tea intake on hip fracture/BMD were included in our meta-analysis, whereas those focusing on specific disease groups and those with no relevant coffee/tea intake data were excluded. We assessed mean difference (MD; for BMD) and pooled hazard ratio (HR; for hip fracture) values with 95% confidence interval (CI) values. The cohort was divided into high- and low-intake groups considering the thresholds of 1 and 2 cups/day for tea and coffee, respectively. Results: Our meta-analysis included 20 studies comprising 508,312 individuals. The pooled MD was 0.020 for coffee (95% CI, -0.003 to 0.044) and 0.039 for tea (95% CI, -0.012 to 0.09), whereas the pooled HR was 1.008 for coffee (95% CI, 0.760 to 1.337) and 0.93 for tea (95% CI, 0.84 to 1.03). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis results suggest that daily coffee or tea consumption is not associated with BMD or hip fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ching Chen
- Department of General Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Shen
- Department of General Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Siou-Bi Li
- Department of General Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 234, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jie Kuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
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Sardar A, Ansari A, Gupta S, Sinha S, Pandey S, Rai D, Kumar M, Bhatta RS, Trivedi R, Sashidhara KV. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new quinazolinone-benzopyran-indole hybrid compounds promoting osteogenesis through BMP2 upregulation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114813. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Soy Isoflavones and Bone Health: Focus on the RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:8862278. [PMID: 36330454 PMCID: PMC9626210 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8862278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodels via resorption and formation, two phenomena that continuously occur in bone turnover. The RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway is one of the several mechanisms that affect bone turnover. The RANKL/OPG ratio has a substantial role in bone resorption. An imbalance between formation and resorption is related to an increased RANKL/OPG balance. OPG, a member of this system, can bind to RANKL and suppress RANK-RANKL interaction, and subsequently, inhibit further osteoclastogenesis. The serum levels of RANKL and OPG in the bone microenvironment are vital for osteoclasts formation. The RANK/RANKL/OPG system plays a role in the pathogenesis of bone disorders. This system can be considered a new treatment target for bone disorders. Soy isoflavones affect the RANK/RANKL/OPG system through numerous mechanisms. Soy isoflavones decrease RANKL levels and increase OPG levels. Therefore, isoflavones improve bone metabolism and decrease bone resorption. Soy isoflavones decrease serum markers of bone resorption and improve bone metabolism. However, while the available data are promising, the results of several studies reported no change in RANKL and OPG levels with isoflavones supplementation. In this regard, current evidence is insufficient for conclusive approval of the efficacy of isoflavones on RANKL/RANK/OPG and further research, including animal and human studies, are needed to confirm the effect of soy isoflavones on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. This study was a review of available evidence to determine the role of isoflavones in bone hemostasis and the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway. The identification of the effects of isoflavones on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway directs future studies and leads to the development of effective treatment strategies for bone disorders.
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Watanabe M, Yahagi T, Shirayama T, Miyake K, Kotani H, Ogawa T, Matsuzaki K. Effects of a Whole Plant Extract of Scutellaria rubropunctata var. rubropunctata on Bone Metabolism with Estrogen Receptor Activation. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162075. [PMID: 36015379 PMCID: PMC9412382 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We screened natural resources for estrogen receptor (ER)-activating and bone metabolism-promoting activities with the aim of finding potential treatments for osteoporosis. A screen of 1531 extracts from Ryukyu Arc plants using a luciferase reporter assay identified an 80% MeOH extract of Scutellaria rubropunctata var. rubropunctata (SRE) with dose-dependent ER transcription-promoting activity. Importantly, SRE had no proliferative effect on human breast cancer cells. SRE enhanced the ALP activity of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells after 72 h in culture and slightly enhanced mineralization at 14 and 21 d. SRE did not significantly affect the TRAP activity of RAW264.7 cells. Gene expression analysis in MC3T3-E1 cells by quantitative real-time PCR revealed that SRE upregulated the mRNA levels of Runx2, Osterix (Osx), Osteopontin (Opn), Osteocalcin (Ocn), Smad1, Smad4, and Smad5 at 72 h, and those of Runx2, Osx, Smad1, Smad4, and Smad5 at 21 d of osteogenic induction. Analysis of the expression levels of osteogenic markers suggested that SRE may promote osteogenic differentiation by acting at the early stage of differentiation rather than at the late stage of differentiation. These results indicate that SRE activates ER and induces osteoblast differentiation by activating Runx2 and Osx through the BMP/Smad pathway, suggesting that SRE may be useful for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Yahagi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (K.M.)
| | - Takahiro Shirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Katsunori Miyake
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji 192-0392, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kotani
- Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue 690-8504, Shimane, Japan
| | - Takuya Ogawa
- School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara 324-8501, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Keiichi Matsuzaki
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.Y.); (K.M.)
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Beneficial effects of the fructus Sophorae extract on experimentally induced osteoporosis in New Zealand white rabbits. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:289-302. [PMID: 36651509 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sophora japonica is a source of several flavonol, flavone and isoflavone glycosides that are reported to positively affect menopausal symptoms including osteoporotic complications. In the present study fructus Sophorae extract (FSE) was administered orally for three months at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 in ovariectomized (OVX) New Zealand rabbits. 3D computed tomography scans and histopathological images revealed microstructural disturbances in the bones of the castrated animals. FSE recovered most of the affected parameters in bones in a manner similar to zoledronic acid (ZA) used as a positive control. The aglycones of the main active compounds of FSE, daidzin, and genistin, were docked into the alpha and beta estrogen receptors and stable complexes were found. The findings of this study provide an insight into the effects of FSE on bone tissue loss and suggest that it could be further developed as a potential candidate for the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporotic complications.
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Messina M. Perspective: Soybeans Can Help Address the Caloric and Protein Needs of a Growing Global Population. Front Nutr 2022; 9:909464. [PMID: 35600829 PMCID: PMC9121873 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.909464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding a growing global population with projected rising socioeconomic status will require additional sources of calories and especially protein. These sources need to align with the Sustainable Development Goals established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. The soybean is uniquely positioned to meet this challenge based on the following criteria: (1) Global soybean production exceeds by ~4 times the production of all pulses combined (2) Soybeans are higher in protein than other legumes and soy protein quality is similar to animal protein quality (3) Soybeans are an excellent source of healthy fat, including both essential fatty acids (4) Soybeans, like other legumes, symbiotically fix atmospheric nitrogen thereby reducing the need for fertilizer inputs (5) Greenhouse gas emissions per unit protein are lower than for nearly all other foods (6) Soybeans, like other legumes, are also recognized as an affordable food that can be incorporated into diverse diets regardless of economic standing and (7) The range of foods produced from soybeans constitutes an important position in historic and contemporary cuisines, cultures and emerging consumer trends for plant-based protein. Although most soybeans are currently used for animal feed, soybean use is dictated by consumer demand. Therefore, soybeans are well positioned to meet future global needs for energy and protein. Armed with this knowledge, health professionals can feel justified in encouraging greater consumption of soyfoods for both personal and planetary reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
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Rendina-Ruedy E, Smith BJ. Common Dietary Modifications in Preclinical Models to Study Skeletal Health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:932343. [PMID: 35909523 PMCID: PMC9329513 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.932343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic tissue that undergoes continuous remodeling by bone resorbing osteoclasts and bone forming osteoblasts, a process regulated in large part by osteocytes. Dysregulation of these coupled catabolic and anabolic processes as in the case of menopause, type 2 diabetes mellitus, anorexia nervosa, and chronic kidney disease is known to increase fracture risk. Recent advances in the field of bone cell metabolism and bioenergetics have revealed that maintenance of the skeleton places a high energy demand on these cells involved in bone remodeling. These new insights highlight the reason that bone tissue is the beneficiary of a substantial proportion of cardiac output and post-prandial chylomicron remnants and requires a rich supply of nutrients. Studies designed for the specific purpose of investigating the impact of dietary modifications on bone homeostasis or that alter diet composition and food intake to produce the model can be found throughout the literature; however, confounding dietary factors are often overlooked in some of the preclinical models. This review will examine some of the common pre-clinical models used to study skeletal biology and its pathologies and the subsequent impact of various dietary factors on these model systems. Furthermore, the review will include how inadvertent effects of some of these dietary components can influence bone cell function and study outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth Rendina-Ruedy,
| | - Brenda J. Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Ceccarelli I, Bioletti L, Peparini S, Solomita E, Ricci C, Casini I, Miceli E, Aloisi AM. Estrogens and phytoestrogens in body functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:648-663. [PMID: 34890602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are the hormones of reproduction in women as well as of many other important functions in the male and female body. They undergo significant changes in the different phases of life, e.g. during puberty, pregnancy or at menopause/andropause. Phytoestrogens are natural non-steroidal phenolic plant compounds that can mimic the activity of estrogens and their beneficial effects in women and in men. This narrative review summarizes the literature on the physiological role of estrogens and the several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, with particular attention given to the possible role of phytoestrogens in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ceccarelli
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Bioletti
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sofia Peparini
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Erminia Solomita
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Comasia Ricci
- Department Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilenia Casini
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisangela Miceli
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aloisi
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Valizadeh M, Alimohammadi F, Azarm A, Pourtaghi Z, Derakhshan barjoei MM, Sabri H, Jafari A, Arabpour Z, Razavi P, Mokhtari M, Deravi N. Uses of soybean isoflavonoids in dentistry: A literature review. J Dent Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Ramesh P, Jagadeesan R, Sekaran S, Dhanasekaran A, Vimalraj S. Flavonoids: Classification, Function, and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Bone Remodelling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:779638. [PMID: 34887836 PMCID: PMC8649804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.779638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds spotted in various fruits, vegetables, barks, tea plants, and stems and many more natural commodities. They have a multitude of applications through their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-carcinogenic properties, along with the ability to assist in the stimulation of bone formation. Bone, a rigid connective body tissue made up of cells embedded in a mineralised matrix is maintained by an assemblage of pathways assisting osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. These have a significant impact on a plethora of bone diseases. The homeostasis between osteoblast and osteoclast formation decides the integrity and structure of the bone. The flavonoids discussed here are quercetin, kaempferol, icariin, myricetin, naringin, daidzein, luteolin, genistein, hesperidin, apigenin and several other flavonoids. The effects these flavonoids have on the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa β (NF-kβ), Wnt/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein 2/SMAD (BMP2/SMAD) signalling pathways, and apoptotic pathways lead to impacts on bone remodelling. In addition, these polyphenols regulate angiogenesis, decrease the levels of inflammatory cytokines and play a crucial role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Considering these important effects of flavonoids, they may be regarded as a promising agent in treating bone-related ailments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saravanan Sekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Ni S, Wang L, Wang G, Lin J, Ma Y, Zhao X, Ru Y, Zheng W, Zhang X, Zhu S. Drinking tea before menopause is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1454-1464. [PMID: 33514873 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00856-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though tea drinking years and menopause stages have been indicated to be related with bone mineral density (BMD), most human studies have not considered the impact of tea drinking beginning time. Whether drinking tea before or after menopause plays a role in BMD is still unclear. This study aims to analyze whether drinking tea before or after menopause influences BMD in Chinese postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 1377 postmenopausal women under 80 years were enrolled from the baseline survey of the Lanxi Cohort Study. Participants were initially categorized into non-tea drinking, tea drinking beginning after menopause and tea drinking beginning before menopause groups. Tea drinking groups were subdivided according to tea drinking frequency, concentration and type. Multiple linear regression models were applied to evaluate associations between tea drinking before or after menopause and BMD and the impacts of tea drinking frequency, concentration and type on their associations in analyses including all participants. Interactions of tea drinking frequency, concentration and type with drinking tea before or after menopause were further analyzed. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding factors, women who began drinking tea before menopause had significantly higher total and regional BMD than non-tea drinking participants and participants who began drinking tea after menopause. Differences in spine BMD were more significant among those who drank tea ≥four times per week. In addition, significant associations between tea drinking and BMD were found among participants who began drinking tea before menopause in both models, irrespective of the concentration and type of tea. No significant associations were found in subgroups of participants who began drinking tea after menopause in either model. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that drinking tea before menopause is related to higher BMD in Chinese postmenopausal women. The relationship is independent of tea drinking concentration and type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saili Ni
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition, Beilun District People's Hospital of Ningbo, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyun Ma
- English Department, School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyin Zhao
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Ru
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shankuan Zhu
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children's Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Živanović J, Jarić I, Ajdžanović V, Miler M, Stanković S, Milošević V, Filipović B. Genistein regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis without activation of MEK 1/2 signalling pathway in an animal model of the andropause. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151836. [PMID: 34563672 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Soy isoflavone genistein interplays with numerous physiological or pathophysiological processes during ageing. However, its protective role and underlying mechanisms of action in the regulation of calcium (Ca2+) and phosphate (Pi) homeostasis in an animal model of the andropause are yet to be fully clarified. Wistar male rats (16-month-old) were divided into sham-operated, orchidectomized, orchidectomized estradiol-treated (0.625 mg/kg b.m./day) and orchidectomized genistein-treated (30 mg/kg b.m./day) groups. Treatments were administered subcutaneously for 3 weeks, while the controls received vehicle alone. Estradiol treatment increased the expression level of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) and parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), and activated mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK 1/2) signaling pathway in the kidneys. Genistein application induced a prominent gene and protein expression of Klotho and downregulated the expression of FGFR and PTH1R in the kidney of andropausal rats. Activation of protein kinase B (Akt) signalling pathway was observed, while MEK 1/2 signaling pathway wasn't altered after genistein treatment. The increase of 25 (OH) vitamin D in the serum and decrease in Ca2+ urine content was observed after genistein application. Our findings strongly suggest genistein as a potent biocompound with beneficial effects on the regulation of Ca2+ and Pi homeostasis, especially during aging process when the balance of mineral metabolism is impaired. These novel data provide closer insights into the physiological roles of genistein in the regulation of mineral homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Živanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Jarić
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Animal Welfare Division, Vetsuisse, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stanković
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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15
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Genistein inhibits chondrogenic differentiation and mineralization of ATDC5 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 566:123-128. [PMID: 34119824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogens abundant in leguminous crops and are used to prevent a variety of hormonal disorders. In the present study, the effects of genistein and daidzein on the chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells were investigated. Genistein (10 μM) treatment markedly reduced production of sulfated proteoglycans and collagen fibers in the ATDC5 cells. Genistein suppressed the expression of genes involved in chondrocyte differentiation such as Sox9, Col2a1, Col10a1, Acan, and Tgfb1. Additionally, genistein significantly decreased calcium deposition in ATDC5 cells during chondrogenic differentiation; however, it increased calcification under non-chondrogenic mineralizing conditions. Daidzein exhibited a similar effect of suppressing chondrogenesis in ATDC5 cells, although its efficacy was 10-times lower than that of genistein. These findings suggest that a high concentration of genistein inhibits chondrogenesis and chondrogenic mineralization, whereas it enhances non-chondrogenic mineralization.
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16
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A fraction of Pueraria tuberosa extract, rich in antioxidant compounds, alleviates ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis in rats and inhibits growth of breast and ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240068. [PMID: 33444328 PMCID: PMC7808586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC., known as Indian Kudzu belongs to family Fabaceae and it is solicited as “Rasayana” drugs in Ayurveda. In the present study, we analyzed the efficacy of an ethyl acetate fraction from the tuber extract of Pueraria tuberosa (fraction rich in antioxidant compounds, FRAC) against menopausal osteoporosis, and breast and ovarian cancer cells. The FRAC from Pueraria tuberosa was characterized for its phenolic composition (total phenolic and flavonoid amount). Antioxidant property (in vitro assays) of the FRAC was also carried out followed by the analysis of the FRAC for its antiosteoporotic and anticancer potentials. The antiosteoporotic activity of FRAC was investigated in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. The cytotoxicity effect was determined in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the FRAC was performed to determine its various phytoconstituents. Docking analysis was performed to verify the interaction of bioactive molecules with estrogen receptors (ERs). The FRAC significantly improved various biomechanical and biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner in the ovariectomized rats. FRAC also controlled the increased body weight and decreased uterus weight following ovariectomy in rats. Histopathology of the femur demonstrated the restoration of typical bone structure and trabecular width in ovariectomized animals after treatment with FRAC and raloxifene. The FRAC also exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity in the breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cells. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein exhibited a high affinity towards both estrogen receptors (α and β) in the docking study revealing the probable mechanism of the antiosteoporotic activity. GC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of other bioactive molecules such as stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one. The FRAC from Pueraria tuberosa has potential for treatment of menopausal osteoporosis. Also, the FRAC possesses anticancer activity.
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17
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Satpathy S, Patra A, Hussain MD, Kazi M, Aldughaim MS, Ahirwar B. A fraction of Pueraria tuberosa extract, rich in antioxidant compounds, alleviates ovariectomized-induced osteoporosis in rats and inhibits growth of breast and ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0240068. [PMID: 33444328 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.21.305953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pueraria tuberosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) DC., known as Indian Kudzu belongs to family Fabaceae and it is solicited as "Rasayana" drugs in Ayurveda. In the present study, we analyzed the efficacy of an ethyl acetate fraction from the tuber extract of Pueraria tuberosa (fraction rich in antioxidant compounds, FRAC) against menopausal osteoporosis, and breast and ovarian cancer cells. The FRAC from Pueraria tuberosa was characterized for its phenolic composition (total phenolic and flavonoid amount). Antioxidant property (in vitro assays) of the FRAC was also carried out followed by the analysis of the FRAC for its antiosteoporotic and anticancer potentials. The antiosteoporotic activity of FRAC was investigated in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis in rats. The cytotoxicity effect was determined in breast and ovarian cancer cells. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of the FRAC was performed to determine its various phytoconstituents. Docking analysis was performed to verify the interaction of bioactive molecules with estrogen receptors (ERs). The FRAC significantly improved various biomechanical and biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner in the ovariectomized rats. FRAC also controlled the increased body weight and decreased uterus weight following ovariectomy in rats. Histopathology of the femur demonstrated the restoration of typical bone structure and trabecular width in ovariectomized animals after treatment with FRAC and raloxifene. The FRAC also exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity in the breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer cells. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein exhibited a high affinity towards both estrogen receptors (α and β) in the docking study revealing the probable mechanism of the antiosteoporotic activity. GC/MS analysis confirmed the presence of other bioactive molecules such as stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one. The FRAC from Pueraria tuberosa has potential for treatment of menopausal osteoporosis. Also, the FRAC possesses anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swaha Satpathy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, CG, India
| | - Arjun Patra
- Institute of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, CG, India
| | - Muhammad Delwar Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, California Health Sciences University, Clovis, California, United States of America
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Bharti Ahirwar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, CG, India
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18
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Olejnik P, Gniadek M, Echegoyen L, Plonska‐Brzezinska ME. A Nanocomposite Containing Carbon Nano‐onions and Polyaniline Nanotubes as a Novel Electrode Material for Electrochemical Sensing of Daidzein. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Olejnik
- Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Bialystok Mickiewicza 2A 15-222 Bialystok Poland
| | - Marianna Gniadek
- Department of Chemistry University of Warsaw Pasteur 1 02-093 Warsaw Poland
| | - Luis Echegoyen
- Department of Chemistry University of Texas at El Paso 500 W. University Ave. El Paso TX 79968
| | - Marta E. Plonska‐Brzezinska
- Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine Medical University of Bialystok Mickiewicza 2A 15-222 Bialystok Poland
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19
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Makkliang F, Juengsanguanpornsuk W, Phaisan S, Sakdamas A, Putalun W, Sakamoto S, Yusakul G. Transformation of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica phytoestrogens using immobilized and free β-glucosidase, a technique for enhancing estrogenic activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32067-32076. [PMID: 35495490 PMCID: PMC9042063 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pueraria candollei var. mirifica (PM) has a significant beneficial effect on postmenopausal symptoms associated with estrogen deficiency. However, the estrogenic activity and intestinal absorption of isoflavonoid glycosides derived from PM, such as daidzin and genistin, are significantly lower than those of their aglycones. To enhance the estrogenic activity of the PM extract, we developed β-glucosidase and its immobilized form to increase the PM aglycone content (daidzein and genistein). The enzyme immobilization was done by alginate beads, and the resulting β-glucosidase alginate beads have a diameter of about 0.20 cm. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize certain parameters, such as the pH, temperature, and ethanol concentration. The optimal conditions of β-glucosidase for daidzein and genistein production were pH of 4.8–4.9, a temperature in the range 46.3–49.1 °C, and ethanol concentration of 10.0–11.0%. The ANOVA results indicated that the design experiment involving free and immobilized β-glucosidase was the best fit by quadratic models, which had adjusted R2 values between 0.8625 and 0.9318. Immobilized β-glucosidase can be reused up to nine times and maintained efficacy of greater than 90%. Treatment of the PM extract with β-glucosidase increased the estrogenic activity of the PM extract by 8.71- to 23.2-fold compared to that of the untreated extract. Thus, β-glucosidase has a high potential for enhancing the estrogenic activity of PM constituents, and it can be applied on an industrial scale to increase the utility of these natural products. Transformation of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica phytoestrogens by β-glucosidase increases estrogenic activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Fonthip Makkliang
- School of Languages and General Education, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | | | - Suppalak Phaisan
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Attapon Sakdamas
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Gorawit Yusakul
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Biomass and Oil Palm Center of Excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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20
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Hsu C, Wang ST, Wu BY, Hung YT, Su NW. Isolation of individual isoflavone species from soybean by solvent extraction followed by the combination of macroporous resin and aluminium oxide separation. Food Chem 2020; 331:127312. [PMID: 32619907 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Growing interest in the health benefits of soy isoflavones has led to research in the isolation of individual isoflavone species for further application. Herein, we develop a new strategy to isolate daidzein, genistein, daidzin and genistin in soybean. We investigated the impact of solvents used and the extraction time on the extracted isoflavone contents from soybean. A 30-min extraction with 65% aqueous methanol gave a total isoflavone yield of 345 mg/100 g soybean, the highest value among tested conditions. Further, we proposed a two-stage adsorption/desorption chromatography comprising macroporous resin and aluminium oxide to isolate isoflavone. First, HP-20 resin was used to separate the glucosidic and aglyconic forms of isoflavone, then individual species of isoflavone could be isolated using aluminium oxide by specific retention of 5-hydroxy isoflavone. This process achieved overall high recovery (82-97%) and purity (92-95%) of the four isoflavones, which confirms a high separating efficiency for isoflavones from soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hsu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ta Wang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yuan Wu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hung
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
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21
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Sarkar N, Bose S. Controlled release of soy isoflavones from multifunctional 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Acta Biomater 2020; 114:407-420. [PMID: 32652224 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent challenges in post-surgical bone tumor management have elucidated the need for a multifunctional scaffold, which can be used for residual tumor-cell suppression, defect repair, and simultaneous bone regeneration. In this perspective, 3D printing allows to create a wide variety of patient-specific implant with complex porous architecture and compatible mechanical strength to that of cancellous bone. Here, a multifunctional bone graft substitute is designed by incorporating the three primary soy isoflavones: genistein, daidzein, and glycitein onto a 3D printed (3DP) tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffolds with designed pores, endowing them with in vitro chemopreventive, bone-cell proliferating and immune-modulatory potential. The interconnected porosity and biodegradability of 3DP TCP ceramics have allowed controlled release kinetics of genistein, daidzein and glycitein in acidic and physiological buffer medium for 16 days, which is fitted with Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Presence of genistein, a well-known natural biomolecule shows a 90% reduction in vitro osteosarcoma (MG-63) cell viability and proliferation after 11 days. Meanwhile, daidzein, the other primary isoflavone, promotes in vitro cellular attachment and enhances viability and proliferation of human fetal osteoblast cell (hFOB). Furthermore, controlled release of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein from 3DP TCP scaffold demonstrates improved hFOB cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation in a dynamic flow-perfusion bioreactor, which is utilized to better simulate the clinical microenvironment. Finally, in vivo H&E staining confirms controlled co-delivery of genistein-daidzein-glycitein from 3DP scaffold carefully modulated neutrophil recruitment to the surgery site after 24 h of implantation in a rat distal femur model. These results advance our understanding towards multipronged therapeutic approaches utilizing synthetic bone graft substitutes as a drug delivery vehicle, and more importantly, demonstrate the feasibility of localized tumor cell suppression and bone cell proliferation for post-surgical defect repair application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Designed multimodal porosity of 3D printed TCP scaffold allows a controlled and sustained release of soy isoflavones, genistein, daidzein and glycitein in both physiological and acidic pH. Presence of genistein shows 90% reduction in vitro bone cancer cell viability and proliferation. Meanwhile, controlled release of genistein, daidzein, and glycitein from 3DP TCP scaffolds demonstrate improved osteoblast cell proliferation, viability, and differentiation in static and dynamic flow-perfusion bioreactor. Furthermore, H&E staining at 24 h post-surgical specimens from rat distal femur model shows neutrophil recruitment at the surgery site is significantly decreased, suggesting the anti-inflammatory property of soy isoflavones. This work provides deeper understanding on the design of a multifunctional 3D printed patient-specific scaffold with enhanced in vitro chemopreventive, osteogenic and in vivo anti-inflammatory ability.
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22
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Rochester E, Wickman BE, Bell A, Simecka C, Clayton ZS, Hakkak R, Hooshmand S. A diet containing high- versus low-daidzein does not affect bone density and osteogenic gene expression in the obese Zucker rat model. Food Funct 2020; 10:6851-6857. [PMID: 31580380 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01292c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are nonsteroidal plant compounds with similar chemical structures to mammalian estrogen capable of mimicking the effect of estrogen in selective tissues. A diet rich in phytoestrogens is associated with a variety of health benefits including decreased risks for heart disease, breast cancer, and osteoporosis. Obesity has long thought to be associated with improved bone density due to increased mechanical loading, but recent literature suggests obesity may actually decrease bone health. Daidzein, a soy-derived phytoestrogen, has been shown to improve parameters of bone health in lean animal models of osteoporosis but has not been tested in obese animals. Following a one-week acclimation to a standard AIN-93G diet, 19 five-week-old female obese Zucker rats (OZR) were randomly assigned to a modified AIN-93G diet containing either high daidzein (HD, 0.121 g kg-1 feed) or low daidzein (LD, 0.01 g kg-1 feed). After 8 weeks, tibias and femurs were removed to assess true density (Archimedes principal), mechanical strength (three-point bending test), and femoral osteogenic gene expression. Serum was collected to assess osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline. Our results indicated that there were no significant differences between the measures for tibial or femoral true density or mechanical strength for the rats in the HD and LD diet groups. Similarly, there were no significant differences in gene expressions related to osteogenic pathways, or serum biomarkers of bone formation and resorption. Overall, an increased dose of daidzein from soy protein supplementation does not elicit an improvement in markers of bone health in obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Rochester
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.
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Ajdžanović V, Miler M, Živanović J, Filipović B, Šošić-Jurjević B, Popovska-Perčinić F, Milošević V. The adrenal cortex after estradiol or daidzein application in a rat model of the andropause: Structural and hormonal study. Ann Anat 2020; 230:151487. [PMID: 32120001 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2020.151487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Daidzein application may represent an effective and less harmful alternative to indicated, classical estrogenization of ageing men. The aim of this study was to perform structural and hormonal analysis of the adrenal cortex, after estradiol or daidzein supplementation in a rat model of the andropause. MATERIAL AND METHODS Middle-aged Wistar rats were divided into sham operated (SO; n = 8), orchidectomized (Orx; n = 8), estradiol treated orchidectomized (Orx + E; n = 8) and daidzein treated orchidectomized (Orx + D; n = 8) groups. Estradiol (0.625 mg/kg b.m./day) or daidzein (30 mg/kg b.m./day) were administered subcutaneously for three weeks, while the SO and Orx groups received the vehicle alone. Set objectives were achieved using stereology, histochemistry/immunohistochemistry, immunoassays and ultrastructural analysis. RESULTS Both estradiol and daidzein treatment significantly increased volumes of the zona glomerulosa cell and nuclei, but decreased circulating aldosterone levels. Estradiol markedly increased volumes of the zona fasciculata cell and nuclei in parallel with significant decrease of the adrenal tissue level of corticosterone, while daidzein significantly decreased both the adrenal and circulating levels of corticosterone. Serum DHEA level and volumes of the zona reticularis cell and nuclei significantly increased upon estradiol treatment, whereas daidzein even stronger increased the circulating level of DHEA. Shunting of the corticosteroidogenesis pathways towards adrenal androgens production, after the treatments, corresponded to the ultrastructural findings and zonal capillary network rearrangements. CONCLUSIONS Given the coherence of its effects and relative safety, daidzein could be the remedy of choice for the treatment of ageing-caused androgen deprivation and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperfunction/related metabolic issues in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Abdul Rahim R, Jayusman PA, Muhammad N, Ahmad F, Mokhtar N, Naina Mohamed I, Mohamed N, Shuid AN. Recent Advances in Nanoencapsulation Systems Using PLGA of Bioactive Phenolics for Protection against Chronic Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E4962. [PMID: 31817699 PMCID: PMC6950714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16244962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived polyphenolic compounds have gained widespread recognition as remarkable nutraceuticals for the prevention and treatment of various disorders, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, diabetes, osteoporosis, and neoplastic diseases. Evidence from the epidemiological studies has suggested the association between long-term consumption of diets rich in polyphenols and protection against chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the applications of these phytochemicals are limited due to its low solubility, low bioavailability, instability, and degradability by in vivo and in vitro conditions. Therefore, in recent years, newer approaches have been attempted to solve the restrictions related to their delivery system. Nanoencapsulation of phenolic compounds with biopolymeric nanoparticles could be a promising strategy for protection and effective delivery of phenolics. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most successfully developed biodegradable polymers that has attracted considerable attention due to its attractive properties. In this review, our main goal is to cover the relevant recent studies that explore the pharmaceutical significance and therapeutic superiority of the advance delivery systems of phenolic compounds using PLGA-based nanoparticles. A summary of the recent studies implementing encapsulation techniques applied to polyphenolic compounds from plants confirmed that nanoencapsulation with PLGA nanoparticles is a promising approach to potentialize their therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohanizah Abdul Rahim
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.A.R.); (P.A.J.); (N.M.); (I.N.M.)
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Putri Ayu Jayusman
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.A.R.); (P.A.J.); (N.M.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Norliza Muhammad
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.A.R.); (P.A.J.); (N.M.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Fairus Ahmad
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Norfilza Mokhtar
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.A.R.); (P.A.J.); (N.M.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.A.R.); (P.A.J.); (N.M.); (I.N.M.)
| | - Ahmad Nazrun Shuid
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (R.A.R.); (P.A.J.); (N.M.); (I.N.M.)
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Šošić-Jurjević B, Ajdžanović V, Filipović B, Severs W, Milošević V. Thyroid Mediation of the Isoflavone Effects on Osteoporotic Bone: The Endocrine Interference With a Beneficial Outcome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:688. [PMID: 31681166 PMCID: PMC6798150 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Walter Severs
- College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Viggiani MT, Polimeno L, Di Leo A, Barone M. Phytoestrogens: Dietary Intake, Bioavailability, and Protective Mechanisms against Colorectal Neoproliferative Lesions. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081709. [PMID: 31344966 PMCID: PMC6722977 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are natural substances that have been extensively studied for their beneficial effect on human health. Herein, we analyzed the data of the literature on the role of phytoestrogens in the prevention of colorectal neoproliferative lesions (CNL). Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that the beneficial effects of phytoestrogens on CNL mainly depend on their ability to bind estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in the intestinal mucosa and counter ER-alpha (ERα) activity. Epidemiological data demonstrate a correlation between the low prevalence of CNL in Eastern populations and the consumption of soy products (phytoestrogen-enriched diet). However, both observational and interventional studies have produced inconclusive results. In our opinion, these discrepancies depend on an inadequate evaluation of phytoestrogen intake (dietary questionnaires were not aimed at establishing phytoestrogen intake) and absorption (depending mainly on the intestinal microbiota of the analyzed subjects). For this reason, in the present review, we performed an overview of phytoestrogen dietary intake and metabolism to offer the reader the opportunity for a better interpretation of the literature. Future prospective trials focusing on the protective effect of phytoestrogens against CNL should take into account both their dietary intake and absorption, considering the effective role of the intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Viggiani
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Polimeno
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (D.E.T.O.), University of Bari, Policlinic University Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Nayeem F, Chen NW, Nagamani M, Anderson KE, Lu LJW. Daidzein and genistein have differential effects in decreasing whole body bone mineral density but had no effect on hip and spine density in premenopausal women: A 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr Res 2019; 68:70-81. [PMID: 31421395 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones are potentially beneficial phytoestrogens, but their tissue-selective effects in women are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that soy isoflavones affect bone mineral density (BMD), which may be influenced by individual differences in isoflavone metabolism and serum calcium levels. Ninety-nine healthy premenopausal women were randomized to isoflavones (136.6 mg aglycone equivalence) and 98 to placebo for 5 days per week for up to 2 years. BMD, serum calcium, and urinary excretion of daidzein and genistein were measured before and during treatment. In 129 adherent subjects, we found that isoflavone exposure, determined by urinary excretion levels, but not by dose assignment, interacted with serum calcium in affecting whole body BMD, but not hip and spine BMD. The regression coefficient was -0.042 for genistein excretion (GE) and 0.091 for the interaction between GE and serum calcium (all P < .05). Daidzein excretion had similar but marginal effect. Genistein significantly decreased whole body BMD only at low normal serum calcium levels but increased whole body BMD at higher serum calcium levels. Comparing maximum to minimum GE, mean changes in whole body BMD were +0.033 and -0.113 g/cm2 at serum calcium levels of 10 and 8.15 mg/dL, respectively. These associations were not evident by intention-to-treat analysis, which could not model for inter-individual differences in isoflavone metabolism. In summary, soy isoflavones decrease whole body BMD only when serum calcium is low. Isoflavones are dietary substances that may influence calcium homeostasis by releasing calcium from bone while sparing the common fracture risk sites hip and spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Nayeem
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
| | - Nai-Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
| | - Manubai Nagamani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
| | - Lee-Jane W Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
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Nirmala FS, Lee H, Kim JS, Jung CH, Ha TY, Jang YJ, Ahn J. Fermentation Improves the Preventive Effect of Soybean Against Bone Loss in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 6. J Food Sci 2019; 84:349-357. [PMID: 30726579 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteopenia is a preclinical phase of osteoporosis, it occurs naturally with aging and increases the risk of bone fractures in elderly males. Previous studies have revealed the beneficial effects of soybean on preventing bone loss due to its isoflavone contents. Fermentation alters the soybean isoflavone contents, that is, isoflavone glucosides is hydrolyzed into aglycones. However, it is not clear how these alterations influences the preventive effect of soybean on bone loss. In this study, we fed senescence-accelerated mouse prone 6 (SAMP6), a model of senile osteopenia, with an equal dosage of nonfermented soybean (NS) or fermented soybean, Doenjang (DJ) for 18 weeks. Mice supplemented with DJ showed 1.13-fold higher bone densities and 1.06-fold longer relative bone lengths than those of osteopenic SAMP6 mice old control (OC), while NS-supplemented mice showed no significant improvement. Supplementation with DJ effectively prevented bone loss in the osteopenia model by the improvement of bone formation and reduction of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, we discovered that DJ increased osteogenesis in SAMP6 mice via BMP2-Smad-Runx2 signaling. These results suggest that the fermentation process could enhance bone loss prevention by soybean and dietary supplementation with fermented soybeans may be beneficial for bone health. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soybean fermentation improved the preventive effects of soybean on bone loss. Therefore, the consumption of fermented soybean, Doenjang, is a potential alternative for aging-related bone loss therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Sukma Nirmala
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Dep. of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea Univ., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Jang
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Dep. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Div. of Nutrition and Metabolism Research, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju, Republic of Korea
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Živanović J, Jarić I, Ajdžanović V, Mojić M, Miler M, Šošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V, Filipović B. Daidzein upregulates anti-aging protein Klotho and NaPi 2a cotransporter in a rat model of the andropause. Ann Anat 2018; 221:27-37. [PMID: 30240906 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In a rat model of the andropause we aimed to examine the influence of daidzein, soy isoflavone, on the structure and function of parathyroid glands (PTG) and the expression levels of some of the crucial regulators of Ca2+ and Pi homeostasis in the kidney, and to compare these effects with the effects of estradiol, serving as a positive control. Middle-aged (16-month-old) male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: sham-operated (SO), orchidectomized (Orx), orchidectomized and estradiol-treated (Orx+E; 0.625mg/kg b.w./day, s.c.) as well as orchidectomized and daidzein-treated (Orx+D; 30mg/kg b.w./day, s.c.) group. Every treated group had a corresponding control group. PTH serum concentration was decreased in Orx+E and Orx+D groups by 10% and 21% (p<0.05) respectively, in comparison with the Orx. PTG volume was decreased in Orx+E group by 16% (p<0.05), when compared to the Orx. In Orx+E group expression of NaPi 2a was lower (p<0.05), while NaPi 2a abundance in Orx+D animals was increased (p<0.05), when compared to Orx. Expression of PTH1R was increased (p<0.05) in Orx+E group, while in Orx+D animals the same parameter was decreased (p<0.05), in comparison with Orx. Klotho expression was elevated (p<0.05) in Orx+D rats, in regard to Orx. Orx+D induced reduction in Ca2+/creatinine and Pi/creatinine ratio in urine by 32% and 16% (p<0.05) respectively, in comparison with Orx. In conclusion, presented results indicate the more coherent beneficial effects of daidzein compared to estradiol, on disturbed Ca2+ and Pi homeostasis, and presumably on bone health, in the aging male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Živanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Ivana Jarić
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Mojić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Miler
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Nestorović N, Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Jarić I, Ristić N, Filipović B, Šošić-Jurjević B, Milošević V. Soy Phytoestrogens Do Not Fully Reverse Changes in Rat Pituitary Castration Cells: Unbiased Stereological Study. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 301:1416-1425. [PMID: 29569839 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the potential of the principal soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, or isoflavone rich soy extract to recover pituitary castration cells in orchidectomized adult male rats in comparison with the effects of estradiol. Two weeks post orchidectomy (Orx), animals received estradiol-dipropionate, genistein, daidzein or soy extract subcutaneously for 3 weeks. Control sham-operated (So) and Orx rats received just the vehicle. Changes in the volumes of pars distalis, of individual follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) containing cells, their volume, numerical density and number were determined by unbiased design-based stereology. The intracellular content of βFSH and βLH was estimated by relative intensity of fluorescence (RIF). Orchidectomy increased all examined stereological parameters and RIF. Compared to Orx, estradiol increased the volume of pars distalis, but reversed RIF and all morphometric parameters of gonadotropes to the level of So rats, except their number. Treatments with purified isoflavones and soy extract decreased RIF to the control So level, expressing an estradiol-like effect. However, the histological appearance and morphometrical features of gonadotropes did not follow this pattern. Genistein increased the volume of pars distalis, decreased the volume density of LH-labeled cells and raised the number of gonadotropes. Daidzein decreased the cell volume of gonadotropic cells but increased their number and numerical density. Soy extract induced an increase in number and numerical density of FSH-containing cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that soy phytoestrogens do not fully reverse the Orx-induced changes in pituitary castration cells. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Nestorović
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunović
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Ivana Jarić
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Branko Filipović
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Department of Cytology, University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković,", Belgrade, 11060, Serbia
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Filipović B, Šošić-Jurjević B, Ajdžanović V, Živanović J, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Nestorović N, Ristić N, Trifunović S, Milošević V. The phytoestrogen genistein prevents trabecular bone loss and affects thyroid follicular cells in a male rat model of osteoporosis. J Anat 2018; 233:204-212. [PMID: 29761487 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As a major phytoestrogen of soy, genistein effectively prevents bone loss in both humans and rat models of osteoporosis. However, although the bone-sparing effects of genistein are achieved directly through estrogen receptors, its mode of action on bone by modulation of other endocrine functions is not entirely clear. Thus, thyroid hormones and calcitonin (CT) have an essential influence on bone metabolism. Besides its action on bones, in this study we examined the effect of genistein on the activity of two different endocrine cell populations, thyroid follicular and C-cells. Fifteen-month-old Wistar rats were either bilaterally orchidectomized (Orx) or sham-operated (SO). Two weeks after surgery, half of the Orx rats were treated chronically with 30 mg kg-1 b.w. genistein (Orx + G) subcutaneously (s.c.) every day for 3 weeks, while the remaining Orx rats and the SO rats were given the same volume of sterile olive oil to serve as controls. For histomorphometrical analysis of the trabecular bone microarchitecture an ImageJ public domain image processing programme was used. Thyroid sections were analysed histologically and stereologically after visualization of follicular and C-cells by immunohistochemical staining for thyroglobulin and CT. Thyroid follicular epithelium, interstitium, colloid and CT-immunopositive C-cells were examined morphometrically. Serum concentrations of osteocalcin (OC), triiodothyronine (T3 ), thyroxine (T4 ) and CT were determined as well as urinary calcium (Ca2+ ) concentrations. Genistein treatment significantly increased cancellous bone area (B.Ar), trabecular thickness (TbTh) and trabecular number (TbN) (P < 0.05), but trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was decreased (P < 0.05) compared with control Orx rats. In the thyroid, genistein treatment significantly elevated the relative volume density (Vv) of the follicular cells (P < 0.05) compared with Orx, whereas Vv of the colloid was lower (P < 0.05) than in the Orx. Evaluation of the biochemical parameters showed significant reductions in serum OC, T3 , T4 and urinary Ca2+ concentrations (P < 0.05), compared with Orx rats. These data indicate that genistein treatment improves the trabecular microarchitecture of proximal tibia, induces histomorphometrical changes in thyroid glands, and decreases circulating thyroid hormone levels in orchidectomized rat model of male osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branko Filipović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Ajdžanović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Živanović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nataša Nestorović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Trifunović
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica Milošević
- Institute for Biological Research 'Siniša Stanković', University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Nestorović N, Ristić N, Šošić-Jurjević B, Pendovski L, Milošević V. Histological and morphofunctional parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system are sensitive to daidzein treatment in the adult rat. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:129-135. [PMID: 29338944 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The isoflavone, daidzein is a biologically active, plant-derived compound that interacts with estrogen receptors. Data from previous studies have suggested that daidzein exerts beneficial effects in many diseases; however, as an endocrine disrupter, it may also alter the functioning of the endocrine system. Data regarding the effect of daidzein on the morphofunctional and histological parameters of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system is still lacking. Therefore, using the newCAST stereological software, we investigated the effects of chronic (21 days) daidzein treatment on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons within the hypothalamus and corticotropes (ACTH cells) in the pituitary, while image analysis was employed to-examine the intensity of fluorescence of CRH in the median eminence (ME) and adrenocorticotropin hormone in the pituitary in adult orchidectomized (Ovx) rats. Circulating ACTH and corticosterone levels were also analyzed. This study showed that daidzein treatment decreased the volume density of CRH neurons within the paraventricular nucleus as well as CRH immunofluorescence in the ME. The total number of ACTH cells was decreased, while ACTH cell volume and the intensity of ACTH fluorescence were increased following daidzein treatment. Both ACTH and corticosterone blood levels were increased after daidzein administration. The results of performed experiments clearly demonstrate that volume density of CRH neurons; total number and volume of ACTH cells, as well as stress hormones levels are vulnerable to the effects of daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Trifunović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Manojlović-Stojanoski
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Nestorović
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Ristić
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branka Šošić-Jurjević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lazo Pendovski
- Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Skopje, FYR, Macedonia
| | - Verica Milošević
- University of Belgrade, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Cytology, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pradeep P, Sreerama YN. Soluble and bound phenolics of two different millet genera and their milled fractions: Comparative evaluation of antioxidant properties and inhibitory effects on starch hydrolysing enzyme activities. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Antiosteoporotic activity of a syringic acid diet in ovariectomized mice. J Nat Med 2017; 71:632-641. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jin X, Sun J, Yu B, Wang Y, Sun WJ, Yang J, Huang SH, Xie WL. Daidzein stimulates osteogenesis facilitating proliferation, differentiation, and antiapoptosis in human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells via estrogen receptor–dependent MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt activation. Nutr Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Bateman ME, Strong AL, Hunter RS, Bratton MR, Komati R, Sridhar J, Riley KE, Wang G, Hayes DJ, Boue SM, Burow ME, Bunnell BA. Osteoinductive effects of glyceollins on adult mesenchymal stromal/stem cells from adipose tissue and bone marrow. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 27:39-51. [PMID: 28314478 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While current therapies for osteoporosis focus on reducing bone resorption, the development of therapies to regenerate bone may also be beneficial. Promising anabolic therapy candidates include phytoestrogens, such as daidzein, which effectively induce osteogenesis of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). PURPOSE To investigate the effects of glyceollins, structural derivatives of daidzein, on osteogenesis of ASCs and BMSCs. STUDY DESIGN Herein, the osteoinductive effects of glyceollin I and glyceollin II were assessed and compared to estradiol in ASCs and BMSCs. The mechanism by which glyceollin II induces osteogenesis was further examined. METHODS The ability of glyceollins to promote osteogenesis of ASCs and BMSCs was evaluated in adherent and scaffold cultures. Relative deposition of calcium was analyzed using Alizarin Red staining, Bichinchoninic acid Protein Assay, and Alamar Blue Assay. To further explore the mechanism by which glyceollin II exerts its osteoinductive effects, docking studies of glyceollin II, RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, and quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR) were performed. RESULTS In adherent cultures, ASCs and BMSCs treated with estradiol, glyceollin I, or glyceollin II demonstrated increased calcium deposition relative to vehicle-treated cells. During evaluation on PLGA scaffolds seeded with ASCs and BMSCs, glyceollin II was the most efficacious in inducing ASC and BMSC osteogenesis compared to estradiol and glyceollin I. Dose-response analysis in ASCs and BMSCs revealed that glyceollin II has the highest potency at 10nM in adherent cultures and 1µM in tissue scaffold cultures. At all doses, osteoinductive effects were attenuated by fulvestrant, suggesting that glyceollin II acts at least in part through estrogen receptor-mediated pathways to induce osteogenesis. Analysis of gene expression demonstrated that, similar to estradiol, glyceollin II induces upregulation of genes involved in osteogenic differentiation. CONCLUSION The ability of glyceollin II to induce osteogenic differentiation in ASCs and BMSCs indicates that glyceollins hold the potential for the development of pharmacological interventions to improve clinical outcomes of patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie E Bateman
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Amy L Strong
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ryan S Hunter
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Melyssa R Bratton
- Cell and Molecular Biology Core Facility, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rajesh Komati
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jayalakshmi Sridhar
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin E Riley
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Daniel J Hayes
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Stephen M Boue
- Southern Regional Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Bruce A Bunnell
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Division of Regenerative Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University, Covington, LA USA.
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Sosić-Jurjević B, Filipović B, Ajdzanović V, Brkić D, Ristić N, Stojanoski MM, Nestorović N, Trifunović S, Sekulić M. A BRIEF COMMUNICATION. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 232:1222-7. [PMID: 17895530 DOI: 10.3181/0703-bc-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements containing soybean phytoestrogens, the isoflavones genistein (G) and daidzein (D), are increasingly used as alternative therapy for osteoporosis, cancer, and cardiovascular and other diseases with a frequency that increases with advancing age. In this study we examined the effects of subcutaneous administration of either G or D on serum lipid levels in orchidectomized (Orx) and intact (IA) middle-aged male rats, which are experimental models of andropause. Sixteen-month-old Wistar rats were treated with 10 mg/kg and 30mg/kg of either G or D. The control groups received testosterone, estradiol, or vehicle for 3 weeks, after which the total serum cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), and total triglycerides (TT) were measured. Compared with the matching vehicle-treated controls, the higher doses of G and D and testosterone treatment significantly ( P < 0.05) lowered the TC and lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The greatest effect was observed regarding LDL-C in both Orx and IA males after G and D treatments, in which LDL-C decreased by more than 30%. The lower isoflavone doses induced a significant cholesterol-lowering effect ( P < 0.05) only in the Orx group. Like the estradiol treatment, the higher doses of G and D increased the TT levels in both rat models by more than 50% ( P < 0.05). The lower doses of isoflavones increased TT only in the Orx group. In male middle-aged rats, injections of higher doses of G and D decreased the serum cholesterol levels, as did testosterone injection, and brought about an increase in serum triglycerides similar to that observed after estradiol treatment.
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Gupta A, Ahmad I, Kureel J, John AA, Sultan E, Chanda D, Agarwal NK, Alauddin, Wahajuddin, Prabhaker S, Verma A, Singh D. Differentiation of skeletal osteogenic progenitor cells to osteoblasts with 3,4-diarylbenzopyran based amide derivatives: Novel osteogenic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:82-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Sun J, Sun WJ, Li ZY, Li L, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, Yu LR, Li LZ, Zhang YL. Daidzein increases OPG/RANKL ratio and suppresses IL-6 in MG-63 osteoblast cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 40:32-40. [PMID: 27576059 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Daidzein is a major dietary source of isoflavones found in Leguminosae, and belongs to the family of diphenolic compounds. The estrogenic effects of daidzein to prompt bone formation and prevent bone resorption have been observed in animal models and cultured cells. In our study, we studied the effects of daidzein, raloxifene and E2 on expression of the osteoblast-produced bone regulatory factors OPG, RANKL and IL-6 in human osteoblastic MG-63 cells. Results suggest that treatment with daidzein, raloxifene and E2 increased the levels of OPG and decreased those of RANKL and IL-6. The effects of daidzein on OPG and RANKL expression are mediated by both ERα and ERβ but those on IL-6 production primarily by ERα. Moreover, daidzein may promote activation of the classic estrogen response element (ERE) pathway through increasing ERα, ERβ and steroid hormone receptor coactivator (SRC)-1 expression. E2 was also able to enhance transcription derived from the ERE, while raloxifene has no effect on it. Raloxifene increased ERα protein and gene expression levels but had no effect on ERβ protein and gene expression at 0.1μM. E2 was found significantly increased the protein and mRNA levels of SRC-1, while raloxifene has no effect on it compared with control. This ability of daidzein to affect osteoblastic cells makes it a good candidate for the treatment of bone loss in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmacology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jia Sun
- Department of Medical Administration, The General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Yang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhi Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Tianjin, People's Republic of China; Ministry of Training, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant constituents that possess either estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity. Although their activities are weak as compared with human endogenous estrogens, the consumption of phytoestrogens may have clinically significant consequences. A number of botanicals, or the compounds contained therein, have been identified as putative estrogenic agents, but consensus in the biomedical community has been hampered by conflicting data from various in vitro and in vivo models of estrogenic activity. Phytoestrogens may serve as chemopreventive agents while at the same time being capable of promoting growth in estrogen receptor positive cancer cell lines. Furthermore, they may exert their estrogenic influence through receptor-dependent and/or receptor-independent mechanisms. These findings have led to speculation that phytoestrogen intake might be ill advised for patients at an increased risk for hormone-dependent cancers, cancer patients, or cancer survivors. This article will attempt to sort out discrepancies between various experimental models and establish whether certain herbs possess estrogenic activity. The review will focus on 5 popular botanical dietary supplements: Trifolium pratense (red clover), Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh), Humulus lupulus (hops), Angelica sinensis (dong quai), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice). It will address their mechanisms of action, clinical evidence bases, and implications for use in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Piersen
- UIC/NIH Center for Botanical Dietary Supplements Research in the Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, 60612, USA.
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Katsumata SI, Fujioka M, Fujii S, Takeda K, Ishimi Y, Uehara M. Kanamycin inhibits daidzein metabolism and abilities of the metabolites to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized mice. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:334. [PMID: 27388904 PMCID: PMC4936167 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daidzein is an isoflavone derived from soybeans that exerts preventive effects on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) animals. These effects have been correlated with increasing serum equol levels. In the present study, we investigated the effects of antibiotic intake on equol metabolism from daidzein, and the corresponding levels of bone loss in OVX mice. METHODS Eight-week-old female ddY mice (n = 42) were either ovariectomized (OVX) or subjected to a sham operation (sham). OVX mice were then divided into six dietary subgroups: control diet (control), 0.3 % kanamycin diet (KN), 0.1 % daidzein diet (Dz), 0.1 % daidzein and 0.0375 % kanamycin diet (Dz+KN3.75), 0.1 % daidzein and 0.075 % kanamycin diet (Dz+KN7.5), and 0.1 % daidzein and 0.3 % kanamycin diet (Dz+KN30). The mice were fed their respective diets for 4 weeks. RESULTS Uterine weight and femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were significantly lower in the OVX mice compared in the sham mice. No significant differences in uterine weight were observed among all OVX dietary subgroups. The Dz subgroup was found to exhibit higher plasma equol and O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) concentrations, as well as greater femoral BMD, compared to all other OVX subgroups. Furthermore, when compared to the Dz group, kanamycin intake decreased plasma equol and O-DMA concentrations, as well as femoral BMD in the OVX mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that kanamycin intake inhibited the conversion of daidzein to equol and O-DMA, blocking the preventive effects of daidzein on bone loss in OVX mice. Therefore, the bone-protective effects of daidzein intake may be predominantly associated with increased plasma concentrations of either equol or O-DMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichi Katsumata
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Maiko Fujioka
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation and Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.,Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shungo Fujii
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Ken Takeda
- Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science (TUS), 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation and Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Mariko Uehara
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Safety, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
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Abstract
Estrogens are important for bone metabolism via a variety of mechanisms in osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, immune cells and other cells to maintain bone mineral density. Estrogens bind to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and ERβ, and the roles of each of these receptors are beginning to be elucidated through whole body and tissue-specific knockouts of the receptors. In vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that ERα and ERβ antagonize each other in bone and in other tissues. This review will highlight the role of these receptors in bone, with particular emphasis on their antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha B Khalid
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
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Gupta A, Ahmad I, Kureel J, Hasanain M, Pandey P, Singh S, John AA, Sarkar J, Singh D. Induction of targeted osteogenesis with 3-aryl-2H-benzopyrans and 3-aryl-3H-benzopyrans: Novel osteogenic agents. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 158:63-75. [PMID: 26807865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Development of target oriented chemotherapeutics for treatment of chronic diseases have been considered as an important approach in drug development. Following this approach, in our efforts for exploration of new osteogenic leads, substituted 3-aryl-2H-benzopyran and 3-aryl-3H-benzopyran derivatives (19, 20a-e, 21, 22a-e, 26, 27, 28a-e, 29, 31a-b, 32 and 33) have been characterized as estrogen receptor-β selective osteogenic (bone forming) agents. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for osteogenic activity using mouse calvarial osteoblast cells. Four compounds viz20b, 22a, 27and 32 showed significant osteogenic activity at EC50 values 1.35, 34.5, 407 and 29.5pM respectively. Out of these, 20b and 32 were analyzed for their bone mineralization efficacy and osteogenic gene expression by qPCR. The results showed that 20b and 32 significantly increased mineral nodule formation and the transcript levels of BMP-2, RUNX-2 and osteocalcin at 100pM concentrations respectively. Further mechanistic studies of 20b and 32 using transiently knocked down expression of ER-α and β in mouse osteoblast (MOBs) showed that 20b and 32 exerts osteogenic efficacy via activation of estrogen receptor-β preferentially. Additionally, compounds showed significant anticancer activity in a panel of cancer cell lines within the range of (IC50) 6.54-27.79μM. The most active molecule, 22b inhibited proliferation of cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle at sub-G0 phase with concomitant decrease in cells at S phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Gupta
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Jyoti Kureel
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Hasanain
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Praveen Pandey
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sarita Singh
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Kukrail Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Aijaz A John
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Jayanta Sarkar
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Division of Endocrinology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, India
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Yusakul G, Sakamoto S, Juengwatanatrakul T, Putalun W, Tanaka H, Morimoto S. Preparation and application of a monoclonal antibody against the isoflavone glycoside daidzin using a mannich reaction-derived hapten conjugate. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2016; 27:81-8. [PMID: 26689919 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Daidzin and its aglycone daidzein are major pharmacologically active compounds of soybean (Glycine max), kudzu (Pueraria lobata), and kwao kruea khao (P. mirifica). Pharmacological activities of daidzin are mediated by its more potent metabolites daidzein and equol; however, daidzin is the predominant compound found in these medicinal plants, and the efficacy and safety of equol depend on the amount of daidzin consumed. OBJECTIVE To develop a specific monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) for standardisation of daidzin content in herbal medicines or nutraceuticals. METHODOLOGY The Mannich reaction was used for the synthesis of a highly immunogenic conjugate between daidzin and a cationised carrier protein. Splenocytes of hyperimmunised mice were fused with myeloma cells to generate a hybridoma secreting antibody against daidzin. RESULTS The icELISA showed high selectivity and acceptable sensitivity for daidzin determination (1.56-100 ng/mL) with high reproducibility (coefficients of variation were < 5%). The icELISA was a reliable analytical method for daidzin in Glycine max, Pueraria lobata and P. mirifica, for which daidzin recoveries from spiked samples were 98.99-104.94%. Daidzin content of these plant-derived products determined using the icELISA were in close agreement with those determined by a HPLC-UV method. CONCLUSION The icELISA is useful for specific daidzin determination because of its reliability, low cost, speed and high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorawit Yusakul
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Seiichi Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | | | - Waraporn Putalun
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Satoshi Morimoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Zheng X, Lee SK, Chun OK. Soy Isoflavones and Osteoporotic Bone Loss: A Review with an Emphasis on Modulation of Bone Remodeling. J Med Food 2016; 19:1-14. [PMID: 26670451 PMCID: PMC4717511 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-related disorder that affects both women and men, although estrogen deficiency induced by menopause accelerates bone loss in older women. As the demographic shifts to a more aged population, a growing number of men and women will be afflicted with osteoporosis. Since the current drug therapies available have multiple side effects, including increased risk of developing certain types of cancer or complications, a search for potential nonpharmacologic alternative therapies for osteoporosis is of prime interest. Soy isoflavones (SI) have demonstrated potential bone-specific effects in a number of studies. This article provides a systematic review of studies on osteoporotic bone loss in relation to SI intake from diet or supplements to comprehensively explain how SI affect the modulation of bone remodeling. Evidence from epidemiologic studies supports that dietary SI attenuate menopause-induced osteoporotic bone loss by decreasing bone resorption and stimulating bone formation. Other studies have also illustrated that bone site-specific trophic and synergistic effects combined with exercise intervention might contribute to improve the bioavailability of SI or strengthen the bone-specific effects. To date, however, the effects of dietary SI on osteoporotic bone loss remain inconclusive, and study results vary from study to study. The current review will discuss the potential factors that result in the conflicting outcomes of these studies, including dosages, intervention materials, study duration, race, and genetic differences. Further well-designed studies are needed to fully understand the underlying mechanism and evaluate the effects of SI on osteoporosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sun-Kyeong Lee
- Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ock K. Chun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Yu F, Liu Z, Tong Z, Zhao Z, Liang H. Soybean isoflavone treatment induces osteoblast differentiation and proliferation by regulating analysis of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Gene 2015; 573:273-7. [PMID: 26190158 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that soybean isoflavones (SI) have anti-bone resorptive activity in vivo. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this effect. In this study, we investigated the effects of SI on osteoblast differentiation and proliferation. Results showed that SI promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation which could be marked as the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals or extracellular matrix and increased ALP level. SI treatment markedly decreased RANKL levels and increased OPG levels in osteoblast cells. SI resulted in activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These results demonstrate that SI may be a useful remedy for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Orthopedic Department, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Tong
- Hands and Feet Microsurgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengnan Zhao
- Hands and Feet Microsurgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Liang
- Hands and Feet Microsurgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China.
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Probiotics (Bifidobacterium longum) Increase Bone Mass Density and Upregulate Sparc and Bmp-2 Genes in Rats with Bone Loss Resulting from Ovariectomy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:897639. [PMID: 26366421 PMCID: PMC4558422 DOI: 10.1155/2015/897639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms that exert beneficial effects on the host, when administered in adequate amounts. Mostly, probiotics affect the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of the host and alter the composition of gut microbiota. Nowadays, the incidence of hip fractures due to osteoporosis is increasing worldwide. Ovariectomized (OVX) rats have fragile bone due to estrogen deficiency and mimic the menopausal conditions in women. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) on bone mass density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), bone remodeling, bone structure, and gene expression in OVX rats. The rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups (sham, OVX, and the OVX group supplemented with 1 mL of B. longum 108–109 colony forming units (CFU)/mL). B. longum was given once daily for 16 weeks, starting from 2 weeks after the surgery. The B. longum supplementation increased (p < 0.05) serum osteocalcin (OC) and osteoblasts, bone formation parameters, and decreased serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) and osteoclasts, bone resorption parameters. It also altered the microstructure of the femur. Consequently, it increased BMD by increasing (p < 0.05) the expression of Sparc and Bmp-2 genes. B. longum alleviated bone loss in OVX rats and enhanced BMD by decreasing bone resorption and increasing bone formation.
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Khan MF, Dev K, Lahiri S, Dixit M, Trivedi R, Singh D, Maurya R. Osteogenic activity of natural diterpenoids isolated from Cupressus sempervirens fruits in calvarial derived osteoblast cells via differentiation and mineralization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:1794-1800. [PMID: 25481392 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiosteoporotic activity of four structurally related diterpenoids: sugiol (1), trans-communic acid (2), 15-acetoxy imbricatolic acid (3) and imbricatolic acid (4). Their osteogenic effect was evaluated by using validated models including alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, mineralization assay and expression of osteogenic genes-bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteoblast transcription factor (RUNX2) - in primary calvarial cultures harvested from neonatal mice. Among them, compound 1 at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight exhibited significant osteoprotective effects and did not show uterine estrogenicity at the same dose. Additionally, compound 1 treatment led to improved biomechanical properties as exhibited by increased power, energy and stiffness in femoral bones compared to untreated Ovx animals. Since osteoporotic compression fracture correlates with the mechanical characteristics of trabecular bone, so that it could effectively reduce the risk of this type of fracture by improving trabecular micro architecture in postmenopausal women. Therefore, our findings proposed that diterpenoids may be useful new chemical agents in the treatment of diseases associated with bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Faheem Khan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kapil Dev
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shibani Lahiri
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manisha Dixit
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rakesh Maurya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Trifunović S, Manojlović-Stojanoski M, Ajdžanović V, Nestorović N, Ristić N, Medigović I, Milošević V. Effects of genistein on stereological and hormonal characteristics of the pituitary somatotrophs in rats. Endocrine 2014; 47:869-77. [PMID: 24752394 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary somatotropic system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of physiological processes and metabolism, which is modulated by gonadal steroids. Considering that genistein belongs to the phytoestrogen family and acts via similar mechanisms to estrogens, the present study was designed to demonstrate whether genistein modulates the morphofunctional characteristic of somatotrophs [growth hormone (GH) cells] in adult rats in comparison with the effects of estradiol. In the study, the orchidectomized adult rats were used as an appropriate model system for testing the effects of this hormone-like substance. Changes in the pituitary somatotrophs were evaluated histologically and stereologically, while GH level was determined biochemically. Using immunolabelling and stereological methods, we showed that orchidectomy (Orx) provoked the decrease of GH cell volume density. After estradiol treatment of Orx rats, the most prominent change concerned the pituitary relative intensity of GH fluorescence and circulating GH level, which were elevated 77 % and 4.7-fold, respectively. Clearly, in contrast to orchidectomy, estradiol treatment enhanced the GH cells activity. Genistein treatment increased pituitary weight and volume, GH cell volume density, the total number of GH cells, and GH blood concentration (1.3-fold) in comparison to the Orx group. Although identical tendencies followed estradiol and genistein administration, the changes observed after genistein treatment were milder compared to estradiol treatment.
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Li C, Li Q, Liu R, Niu Y, Pan Y, Zhai Y, Mei Q. Medicinal herbs in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:1-22. [PMID: 24467532 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease with wide prevalence, especially in the elderly population. Osteoporosis induced fractures not only decrease the patient's life quality, but also cause heavy financial burden to the society. Although current medications for osteoporosis are effective, numerous adverse effects have been observed accompanying their clinical applications. Effective prevention and therapy strategies with high safety are critical, which benefit both individual patients and the whole society. Traditional Chinese medicines have been used for thousands of years to treat bone related diseases in China and a number of modern preparations have been developed that are currently commercially available. In addition, several medicinal herbs demonstrated therapeutic effects against osteoporosis in animal models. This paper reviewed the anti-osteoporotic effects of traditional Chinese formulas, medicinal herbs and bioactive constituents based on clinical trials and in vivo animal studies. Due to the lack of rigorous studies to compare the effectiveness with conventional interventions, traditional formulas are recommended as alternative medications or supplements to treat osteoporosis at the current stage. Although there are abundant natural resources with anti-osteoporotic effects, either in the form of medicinal herbs or bioactive components, much work need to be accomplished before they are developed into potential drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenrui Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
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