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Tucci M, Martini D, Vinelli V, Biscotti P, Porrini M, Del Bo’ C, Riso P. The MED_EAT-IT approach: A modelling study to develop feasible, sustainable and nutritionally targeted dietary patterns based on the Planetary health diet. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100765. [PMID: 38779344 PMCID: PMC11109324 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission introduced the Planetary Health Diet (PHD), a guide for creating 2500 kcal/day country-specific sustainable diets that promote health while reducing the environmental impact associated with food systems. The PHD was previously adapted to the Italian food context, resulting in the EAT-IT dietary pattern. However, this adaptation revealed several challenges in terms of nutritional adequacy, feasibility, and environmental impact. This study reports on strategies to improve the previous pattern and align it more closely with the Mediterranean Diet, resulting in the MED_EAT-IT pattern. The study also explores feasible strategies for adapting this pattern to different energy targets, enhancing its scalability and promoting personalized approaches. For the optimization of this pattern, a specific calculation tool was developed to introduce variation to the pattern, considering realistic and feasible serving sizes and frequency of consumption. This tool integrates a defined food ontology, food composition data, and two environmental impact metrics (Carbon and Water Footprint). To optimize nutritional adequacy, several adaptations of the amount within the different food groups were made, for instance by increasing cereals and animal source by 25.5% kcal/day and 36.2% kcal/day respectively compared to EAT-IT. The resulting 2500 kcal/die pattern meets all nutritional requirements except for vitamin D and does not hamper the possibility to limit environmental impact (Carbon Footprint increased only by 12.2% but Water Footprint decreased by 6.3%). Lower energy targets were achieved by modulating amounts of the different food groups to ensure nutritional adequacy. The strategies and tools proposed here could aid in optimizing dietary plans, evaluating their potential for environmental impact reduction, and identifying issues that could hinder their adoption. Furthermore, the analyses carried out pave the way for the potential future development of new or improved foods that may contribute to the optimization of nutritional and environmental impact of diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Tucci
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniela Martini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Vinelli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Biscotti
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristian Del Bo’
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Reese I. "Climate-friendly" diets from an allergy point of view. Allergol Select 2024; 8:199-205. [PMID: 38756209 PMCID: PMC11097189 DOI: 10.5414/alx02471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the EAT-Lancet Commission's call for a change in diet towards more plant-based foods, especially protein sources, this so called "Planetary Health Diet (PHD)" has been widely discussed. While for some the reduction in animal foods is not enough and vegan diets are advocated to save the climate, others are sounding the alarm that the reduction is too drastic and that the PHD makes it impossible to provide a diet that meets our needs (of essential nutrients). In addition to climate aspects, health benefits often cited to justify the PHD do not take into account that vegetarians/vegans differ from the general population by far more factors than the reduction or elimination of animal foods. Also not sufficiently discussed is the fact that a diet which excludes or severely restricts animal foods is also associated with health risks if critical nutrients are not adequately covered. Moreover, the challenge of meeting protein requirements is underestimated by many. The food industry has responded to the trend towards more plant-based foods by massively expanding the range of highly processed or ultra-processed vegan foods. These - vegan or not vegan - are suspected of being partly responsible for the development of non-communicable diseases. In addition to general criticism regarding the usefulness of advertising the PHD, the replacement of animal protein sources with plant-based sources notably harbors a number of additional relevant risks for allergy sufferers so that the latter should be classified as an unfavorable target group for the implementation of the PHD recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Reese
- Private Practice for Dietary Advice and Nutrition Therapy with Special Interest in Adverse Reactions to Food, Munich, Germany
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Cacau LT, Hanley-Cook GT, Vandevijvere S, Leclercq C, De Henauw S, Santaliestra-Pasias A, Manios Y, Mourouti N, Esperanza Díaz L, Gonzalez-Gross M, Widhalm K, Molnar D, Stehle P, Kafatos A, Gottrand F, Kersting M, Castillo M, Lachat C, Marchioni DM, Huybrechts I, Moreno LA. Association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet sustainable reference diet and cardiovascular health among European adolescents: the HELENA study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2024; 78:202-208. [PMID: 38093098 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-023-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed a global reference diet to promote healthy diets within planetary boundaries. Studies evaluating the associations between the reference diet with health outcomes among adolescents are scarce. Thus, our aim was to assess the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cardiovascular health among European adolescents. METHODS Data from the HELENA study were used. Usual dietary intake was assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls and adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was assessed using the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), a 16-component index that ranges from 0 to 150 points. Cardiovascular health was assessed through the seven-component Ideal Cardiovascular Health (ICH) score: never smoked, eutrophic body mass index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, healthy dietary pattern, low blood pressure, low fasting plasma glucose, and low total cholesterol. Total ICH score was categorized into ideal (5-7) and non-ideal (0-4). RESULTS A 10-point increment in the PHDI was associated with a lower probability of a non-ideal ICH status (OR 0.84, [95% CI: 0.75, 0.94]) among European adolescents, after adjusting for age, sex, socio-economic status, and total energy intake. Furthermore, a 10-point increment in the PHDI was associated with lower probability of high blood pressure (OR: 0.87 [0.79, 0.96]) and a lower probability of high blood cholesterol (OR: 0.88 [0.78, 0.99]). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that a higher PHDI may be associated with a better cardiovascular health status among European adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Teixeira Cacau
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Giles T Hanley-Cook
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Vandevijvere
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Scientific Institute of Public Health (Sciensano), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Leclercq
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Research Center for Food and Nutrition (CREA - Food and Nutrition), Rome, Italy
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alba Santaliestra-Pasias
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragon), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, 71410, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Niki Mourouti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72300, Sitia, Greece
| | - Ligia Esperanza Díaz
- Immunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN)-CSIC, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dénes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, 71500, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Frederic Gottrand
- Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation (INFINITE), University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manuel Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragon), 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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Jackson P, Holm L. Social and economic dimensions of food sustainability - a background paper for the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10450. [PMID: 38370113 PMCID: PMC10870971 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This review seeks to demonstrate how the social and economic dimensions of sustainability need to be considered alongside its environmental dimensions. This is particularly important when, as in the case of the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNRs), policymakers are attempting to address the twin goals of health and sustainability. For a policy that might make good sense when seen in purely environmental terms, it might not prove sustainable in social and economic terms - if it is too costly, it exacerbates existing inequalities or has detrimental effects on public health. There are some 'win-wins' in the field of health and sustainability policy. However, difficult choices between competing policy options will occur, similar to those facing ordinary consumers in their everyday lives. Being clear about the way food is framed as an issue and how different framings shape policy outcomes is a useful way forward in addressing the inevitable trade-offs and compromises between competing objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jackson
- Institute for Sustainable Food, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lotte Holm
- Department of Food and Resource Economics (IFRO), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Stanton AV. Unacceptable use of substandard metrics in policy decisions which mandate large reductions in animal-source foods. NPJ Sci Food 2024; 8:10. [PMID: 38316809 PMCID: PMC10844368 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-024-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Many recent very influential reports, including those from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Risk Factor Collaborators, the EAT-Lancet Commission on Food, Planet, Health, and the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change, have recommended dramatic reductions or total exclusion of animal-source foods, particularly ruminant products (red meat and dairy), from the human diet. They strongly suggest that these dietary shifts will not only benefit planetary health but also human health. However, as detailed in this perspective, there are grounds for considerable concern in regard to the quality and transparency of the input data, the validity of the assumptions, and the appropriateness of the statistical modelling, used in the calculation of the global health estimates, which underpin the claimed human health benefits. The lessor bioavailability of protein and key micronutrients from plant-source foods versus animal-source foods was not adequately recognised nor addressed in any of these reports. Furthermore, assessments of bias and certainty were either limited or absent. Despite many of these errors and limitations being publically acknowledged by the GBD and the EAT-Lancet authors, no corrections have been applied to the published papers. As a consequence, these reports continue to erroneously influence food policy decisions and international dietary guidelines, such as the World Wildlife Fund's Livewell Diet, and the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice V Stanton
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
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Jung S, Young HA, Simmens SJ, Braffett BH, Ogden CL. Sustainable dietary patterns and all-cause mortality among US adults. Int J Epidemiol 2024; 53:dyad176. [PMID: 38224268 PMCID: PMC10859156 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyad176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustainable dietary patterns that incorporate multiple dimensions may have benefits for both human health and the environment. We examined the association between sustainable dietary patterns assessed by using the Sustainable Diet Index-US (SDI-US) and mortality in US adults. METHODS This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-18 (N = 22 414 aged ≥20 years). The SDI-US (range: 4-20) was composed of four sub-indices representing nutritional, environmental, economic and sociocultural dimensions, and was computed using 24-h dietary recalls, food expenditures and food preparation habits. A higher score indicates a more sustainable dietary pattern. All-cause mortality from baseline until 31 December 2019 was obtained through linkage to the National Death Index. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards models, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS During 150 386 person-years of follow-up, 2100 total deaths occurred and the median SDI-US was 9.8 in Quintile 1 (Q1) and 16.3 in Quintile 5 (Q5). In a multivariable-adjusted model, the highest SDI-US quintile was associated with a 36% reduction in mortality risk (Q5 vs Q1, HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49-0.84, P = 0.002) compared with the lowest quintile. When stratified by age (P interaction = 0.002), an inverse association between SDI-US and mortality was observed in younger adults (<65 years, HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.25-0.68, P = 0.001) but not in older adults (≥65 years, HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.71-1.16, P = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS A higher SDI-US score was associated with lower mortality risk among US adults, particularly in younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyoung Jung
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Heather A Young
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samuel J Simmens
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Barbara H Braffett
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cynthia L Ogden
- Department of Epidemiology, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Lin X, Wang S, Gao Y. Global trends and research hotspots of EAT-Lancet diet: a bibliometric analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1328351. [PMID: 38312143 PMCID: PMC10836142 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1328351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The EAT-Lancet diet is a groundbreaking and comprehensive dietary framework that has garnered significant attention in the fields of nutrition, sustainability, and public health. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric study to investigate current status and hotspots in the field of EAT-Lancet diet based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database, and the documents of EAT-Lancet diet published from Jan 1, 2019 to Sep 1.2023 were extracted. The bibliometric and visualized analysis were performed by VOSviewer 1.6.16 and WOSCC Online Analysis Platform. In total, 155 documents from 62 journals were included, and 735 authors from 389 institutions and 53 countries/regions contributed to the field of EAT-Lancet diet. The most productive countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals were the USA, Wageningen University & Research, Johan Rockström, and Nutrients, respectively. The first high-cited document was published in Lancet and authored by Willett et al. in 2019. This is also the first study about EAT-Lancet diet. The article firstly proposed the "EAT-Lancet Diet" emphasizing balanced, plant-based eating to improve human health while addressing environmental concerns. In conclusion, in the field of EAT-Lancet diet, the main research hotspots and frontiers are the adaptation of EAT-Lancet diet, the composition of EAT-Lancet diet, and the benefits of EAT-Lancet diet for human health. The number of research on the EAT-Lancet diet is currently limited. There is a pressing need for further studies to broaden our understanding of the EAT-Lancet diet and its potential to enhance human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Public Health, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Aljahdali AA, Campos H, Granados K, Jones AD, Baylin A. Diet-Attributable Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Costa Rica Heart Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:138. [PMID: 38201967 PMCID: PMC10780829 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adopting sustainable dietary patterns is essential for planetary and human health. As data to address this issue are lacking in Latino populations, this study examined the association between diet-attributable greenhouse gas emissions (GHGEs) and myocardial infarction (MI) in a Costa Rica Heart Study. This analysis included 1817 cases of a first non-fatal acute MI during hospitalization and their matched population-based controls, by age, sex, and area of residence. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to quantify habitual dietary intake and diet-attributable GHGEs (kg CO2 equivalent (eq.)/year). Due to the matching design, conditional logistic regression was used. Red meat consumption contributed approximately 50% to the total diet-attributable GHGEs among both cases and controls. Higher diet-attributable GHGEs were associated with increased odds of acute MI. The odds of MI were 63% higher (OR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.20-2.21) among participants in the highest quintile (median diet-attributable GHGEs = 6247 kg CO2 eq./year) compared to the lowest quintile (median diet-attributable GHGEs = 2065 kg CO2 eq./year). An increasing linear trend in the odds of acute MI and diet-attributable GHGEs was detected (p-trend 0.0012). These findings highlight the importance of reducing red meat consumption to sustainably mitigate the incidence of MI and improve planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer A. Aljahdali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Hannia Campos
- Center for Research and Innovation in Translational Nutrition, Universidad Hispanoamericana, San Jose 10101, Costa Rica; (H.C.); (K.G.)
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Keylin Granados
- Center for Research and Innovation in Translational Nutrition, Universidad Hispanoamericana, San Jose 10101, Costa Rica; (H.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Andrew D. Jones
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ana Baylin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
- Department of Global Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Neff RA, Ramsing RJ, Kim BF. Commercial weight-loss diets, greenhouse gas emissions and freshwater consumption. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:2268-2279. [PMID: 37867400 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight-loss attempts are widespread in the United States, with many using commercial weight-loss diet plans for guidance and support. Accordingly, dietary suggestions within these plans influence the nation's food-related environmental footprint. METHODS We modelled United States (US) per capita greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) and water footprints associated with seven commercial weight-loss diets, the US baseline, and selected other dietary patterns. We characterised consumption in commercial weight-loss diets both via modelling from provided guidelines and based on specific foods in 1-week meal plans. Cradle-to-farmgate GHGe and water footprints were assessed using a previously developed model. GHGe results were compared to the EAT-Lancet 2050 target. Water footprints were compared to the US baseline. RESULTS Weight-loss diets had GHGe footprints on average 4.4 times the EAT-Lancet target recommended for planetary health (range: 2.4-8.5 times). Bovine meat was by far the largest contributor of GHGe in most diets that included it. Three commercial diets had water footprints above the US baseline. Low caloric intake in some diets compensated for the relative increases in GHGe- and water-intensive foods. CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns suggested by marketing materials and guidelines from commercial weight-loss diets can have high GHGe and water footprints, particularly if caloric limits are exceeded. Commercial diet plan guidance can be altered to support planetary and individual health, including describing what dietary patterns can jointly support environmental sustainability and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni A Neff
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca J Ramsing
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brent F Kim
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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10
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Lenferna De La Motte KA, Zinn C. The nutrient profile and cost of specialty dietary patterns: a hypothetical case study. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:2995-3004. [PMID: 37955108 PMCID: PMC10755393 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023002537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ketogenic and vegan diets have become increasingly popular. The rising popularity of these dietary trends has been met in kind by the food industry producing a variety of specialty ultra-processed foods (UPF). Despite increasing popularity, the cost and nutrient profile of vegan and ketogenic diets (KD) that rely on UPF specialty products is poorly understood. We aimed to assess the cost and nutrient profile of vegan and KD that relied primarily on UPF and compare this to those that relied primarily on whole foods. DESIGN We designed and calculated the cost of four 1-d meal plans for a hypothetical weight-stable adult female. Two meal plans were created for the vegan-style and ketogenic-style diets, respectively, with one of each being predominantly whole food based and the other constituting primarily of UPF. Carbohydrates were limited to ≤50 g, protein was set at 15-20 % and fat ≥75 % for the ketogenic meal plans. Carbohydrates were set between 45 and 65 %, protein 15 and 25 % and fat 20 and 35 % for the vegan meal plans. FoodWorks dietary analysis software was used to assess data against the national Australian/New Zealand nutrient reference value for adult females and cost was calculated using Countdown online shopping (a local New Zealand supermarket). SETTING New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS None. RESULTS The whole food-based meal plans met a greater proportion of the macro and micronutrient thresholds and were less costly when compared with the specialty-based meal plans. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that well-planned, predominantly whole food diets (regardless of dietary trend) are nutritionally superior and more cost-effective than those that rely on UPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla-Anne Lenferna De La Motte
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport & Recreation, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Caryn Zinn
- Human Potential Centre, School of Sport & Recreation, Faculty of Health & Environmental Sciences, Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Nambiar D, Bestman A, Srivastava S, Marten R, Yangchen S, Buse K. How to Build Healthy Societies: A Thematic Analysis of Relevant Conceptual Frameworks. Int J Health Policy Manag 2023; 12:7451. [PMID: 38618791 PMCID: PMC10699821 DOI: 10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the Sustainable Development Goals deadline of 2030 draws near, greater attention is being given to health beyond the health sector, in other words, to the creation of healthy societies. However, action and reform in this area has not kept pace, in part due to a focus on narrower interventions and the lack of upstream action on health inequity. With an aim to guide action and political engagement for reform, we conducted a thematic analysis of concepts seeking to arrive at healthy societies. METHODS This paper drew on a qualitative thematic analysis of a purposive sample of 68 documents including political declarations, reports, peer reviewed literature and guidance published since 1974. Three independent reviewers extracted data to identify, discuss and critique public policy levers and 'enablers' of healthy societies, the "how." RESULTS The first lever concerned regulatory and fiscal measures. The second was intersectoral action. The final lever a shift in the global consensus around what signifies societal transformation and outcomes. The three enablers covered political leadership and accountability, popular mobilization and the generation and use of knowledge. CONCLUSION Documents focused largely on technical rather than political solutions. Even as the importance of political leadership was recognized, analysis of power was limited. Rights-based approaches were generally neglected as was assessing what worked or did not work to pull the levers or invest in the enablers. Frameworks typically failed to acknowledge or challenge prevailing ideologies, and did not seek to identify ways to hold or governments or corporations accountable for failures. Finally, ideas and approaches seem to recur again over the decades, without adding further nuance or analysis. This suggests a need for more upstream, critical and radical approaches to achieve healthy societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaki Nambiar
- The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prasanna School of Public Health, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Amy Bestman
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Robert Marten
- The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sonam Yangchen
- The Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kent Buse
- The George Institute for Global Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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12
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Xiao Y, Peng L, Xu Z, Tang Y, He H, Gu H, Wang Y, Xiang L. Association between adherence to Eat-Lancet diet and incidence and mortality of lung cancer: A prospective cohort study. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4433-4444. [PMID: 37654016 PMCID: PMC10637065 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has shown that adhering to the Eat-Lancet diet (ELD) is associated with a lower risk of chronic diseases and mortality. However, the associations between ELD and lung cancer incidence and mortality are unclear. To address this gap, we conducted a prospective cohort study involving 101,755 adults from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) trial in the USA. The ELD score was utilized to assess compliance with the ELD, with higher scores indicating greater compliance. We employed Cox regression analyses to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ELD score with the incidence and mortality of lung cancer and its subtypes. In addition, sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of our findings. In total, 1706 cases of lung cancer and 1217 lung cancer-associated deaths were recorded during the study period. Our analysis revealed that higher ELD scores were significantly associated with a reduced incidence (HRQuartile 4 vs. Quartile 1 : 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60, 0.89; ptrend = 0.001) and mortality (HRQuartile 4 vs. Quartile 1 : 0.74; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.93; ptrend = 0.005) of lung cancer in a dose-response manner (all pnonlinearity > 0.05). The reliability of these results was supported by sensitivity analyses. Notably, these associations were primarily observed in non-small-cell lung cancer. In conclusion, our findings suggest that adherence to the ELD may be associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer incidence and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhiquan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hongmei He
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical NutritionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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13
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Cacau LT, Hanley-Cook GT, Huybrechts I, De Henauw S, Kersting M, Gonzalez-Gross M, Gottrand F, Ferrari M, Nova E, Castillo MJ, Molnár D, Widhalm K, Androutsos O, Manios Y, Stehle P, Lachat C, Marchioni DM, Moreno LA. Relative validity of the Planetary Health Diet Index by comparison with usual nutrient intakes, plasma food consumption biomarkers, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet among European adolescents: the HELENA study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2527-2539. [PMID: 37171585 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The EAT-Lancet Commission proposed an evidence-based global reference diet to improve human health within planetary boundaries. Recently, the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) was developed based on the EAT-Lancet recommendations and validated among Brazilian adults. However, the relative validity of the PHDI in adolescents has yet to be assessed. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the relative validity of the PHDI in European adolescents. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from 1804 adolescents (12.5-17.5 years) enrolled in the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study. The PHDI (0-150 points) was calculated based on dietary intake data from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Associations between the PHDI and usual nutrient intakes, plasma food consumption biomarkers, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated using multivariable-adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models. RESULTS Higher PHDI score was associated with greater intakes of nutrients predominantly from plant-source foods, such as vegetable protein, vitamin E, and folate and with lower intake of nutrients predominately from animal-source foods, such as total and saturated fat, cholesterol, and animal protein. Furthermore, a higher PHDI score was also positively associated with plasma β-carotene, vitamin C, vitamin D, folate, and ferritin concentrations, while negatively associated with trans-fatty acids concentration. Moreover, higher PHDI was related to a greater adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS The PHDI showed good relative validity among adolescents in the HELENA study. Hence, future research should assess adherence to the PHDI and long-term health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Teixeira Cacau
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Giles T Hanley-Cook
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederic Gottrand
- Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation (INFINITE), University Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marika Ferrari
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Esther Nova
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Odysseas Androutsos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Agri-Food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dirce Maria Marchioni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 715, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragon (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Aragon (IIS Aragon), Zaragoza, Spain
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Tulloch AIT, Borthwick F, Bogueva D, Eltholth M, Grech A, Edgar D, Boylan S, McNeill G. How the EAT-Lancet Commission on food in the Anthropocene influenced discourse and research on food systems: a systematic review covering the first 2 years post-publication. Lancet Glob Health 2023; 11:e1125-e1136. [PMID: 37349038 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(23)00212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission's report on food in the Anthropocene presented a planetary heath diet to improve health while reducing the environmental effect of food systems globally. We assessed EAT-Lancet's immediate influence on academic research and debate by conducting a systematic review of articles citing the Commission and others published from January, 2019, to April, 2021. The Commission influenced methods, results, or discourse for 192 (7·5%) of 2560 citing articles, stimulating cross-disciplinary research and debate across life sciences (47%), health and medical sciences (42%), and social sciences (11%). Sentiment analysis of 76 critiquing articles indicated that opinions were, on average, more positive than negative. Positive sentiments centred on benefits for informing policy, public health, and raising public awareness. Negative sentiments included insufficient attention to socioeconomic dimensions, feasibility, and environmental effects other than emissions. Empirical articles predominantly evaluated the effects of changed diets or food production on the environment and wellbeing (29%), compared current diets with EAT-Lancet recommendations (12%), or informed future policy and research agendas (20%). Despite limitations in EAT-Lancet's method, scope, and implementation feasibility, the academic community supported these recommendations. A broad suite of research needs was identified focusing on the effects of food processing, socioeconomic and political drivers of diet and health, and optimising consumption or production for environment and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha I T Tulloch
- School of Biology and Environmental Science and Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Fiona Borthwick
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Diana Bogueva
- Centre for Advanced Food Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Curtin University Sustainability Policy Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Mahmoud Eltholth
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El- Sheikh, Egypt; Department of Health Studies, Royal Holloway University of London, London, UK
| | - Amanda Grech
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Dylan Edgar
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sinead Boylan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Geraldine McNeill
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Ojo O, Jiang Y, Ojo OO, Wang X. The Association of Planetary Health Diet with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Related Complications: A Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081120. [PMID: 37107955 PMCID: PMC10138355 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutritional interventions such as the planetary health diet, which the EAT-Lancet commission proposed, may be an effective strategy for reducing type 2 diabetes risks and its associated complications. The planetary health diet demonstrates the significant role of diet in associating human health with environmental sustainability and the significance of transforming food systems in order to ensure that the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement are achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to examine the association of the planetary health diet (PHD) with the risk of type 2 diabetes and its related complications. METHOD The systematic review was conducted in line with established guidelines. The searches were carried out in health sciences research databases through EBSCOHost. The population, intervention, comparator and outcomes framework was used in order to define the research question and the search terms. The searches were carried out from the inception of the databases to 15 November 2022. Search terms including synonyms and medical subject headings were combined using Boolean operators (OR/AND). RESULTS Seven studies were included in the review and four themes were identified, including incidence of diabetes; cardiovascular risk factors and other disease risks; indicators of obesity and indicators of environmental sustainability. Two studies examined the association between the PHD and the incidence of type 2 diabetes and found that high adherence to the reference diet (EAT-Lancet reference diet) was correlated with a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes. High adherence to the PHD was also associated with some cardiovascular risk factors and environmental sustainability. CONCLUSION This systematic review has shown that high adherence to the PHD is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and may be associated with a lower risk of subarachnoid stroke. In addition, an inverse relationship was found between adherence to the PHD and markers of obesity and environmental sustainability. Adherence to the reference diet was also associated with lower values of some markers of cardiovascular risk. More studies are needed to fully examine the relationship between the planetary health diet, type 2 diabetes and its related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omorogieva Ojo
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London SE9 2UG, UK
| | - Yiqing Jiang
- The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo
- Smoking Cessation Department, University Hospital, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Lewisham High Street, London SE13 6LH, UK
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- The School of Nursing, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Berthy F, Brunin J, Allès B, Fezeu LK, Touvier M, Hercberg S, Galan P, Pointereau P, Lairon D, Baudry J, Kesse-Guyot E. Association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and risk of cancer and cardiovascular outcomes in the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:980-991. [PMID: 35918246 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EAT-Lancet commission proposed, in 2019, a planetary, healthy, and universal dietary pattern. However, this diet has rarely been studied in relation to various health outcomes. OBJECTIVES We aimed to prospectively estimate the association between the EAT-Lancet diet and cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. METHODS The study was conducted in participants of the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2021). The endpoints were the incident outcomes (cancer and CVDs and mortality from these diseases), combined and separately. Adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was estimated using the EAT-Lancet Diet Index (ELD-I) modeled as quintiles (Qs). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs, adjusted for potential confounders and moderators. RESULTS A total of 62,382 subjects were included; 2475 cases of cancer and 786 cases of cardiovascular events occurred during a median follow-up of 8.1 y. The sample was 76% female, the mean ± SD age at inclusion was 51.0 ± 10.2 y. The ELD-I ranged from -162 to 332 points with a mean ± SD score of 45.4 ± 25.6 points. In multivariable models, no significant association between the EAT-Lancet diet and the risk of cancer and CVD combined, and separately, was observed. Alcohol consumption was an effect modifier of the association. A significant association was observed among low drinkers (HRQ5vs.Q1: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.02; P-trend = 0.02). A higher ELD-I was significantly associated with a lower risk of overall cancer only among females (HRQ5vs.Q1: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.05; P-trend = 0.03). Both associations were largely attenuated by BMI. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, our results documented significant associations between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and incidence of cancer only in some subgroups, and no association with CVD.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03335644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Berthy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Joséphine Brunin
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Benjamin Allès
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Léopold K Fezeu
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France.,Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | | | - Denis Lairon
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Baudry
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, INSERM, INRAE, CNAM, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
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Alexandropoulou I, Goulis DG, Merou T, Vassilakou T, Bogdanos DP, Grammatikopoulou MG. Basics of Sustainable Diets and Tools for Assessing Dietary Sustainability: A Primer for Researchers and Policy Actors. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091668. [PMID: 36141280 PMCID: PMC9498311 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change can have economic consequences, affecting the nutritional intake of populations and increasing food insecurity, as it negatively affects diet quality parameters. One way to mitigate these consequences is to change the way we produce and consume our food. A healthy and sustainable diet aims to promote and achieve the physical, mental, and social well-being of the populations at all life stages, while protecting and safeguarding the resources of the planet and preserving biodiversity. Over the past few years, several indexes have been developed to evaluate dietary sustainability, most of them based on the EAT-Lancet reference diet. The present review explains the problems that arise in human nutrition as a result of climate change and presents currently available diet sustainability indexes and their applications and limitations, in an effort to aid researchers and policy actors in identifying aspects that need improvement in the development of relevant indexes. Overall, great heterogeneity exists among the indicators included in the available indexes and their methodology. Furthermore, many indexes do not adequately account for the diets’ environmental impact, whereas others fall short in the economic impact domain, or the ethical aspects of sustainability. The present review reveals that the design of one environmentally friendly diet that is appropriate for all cultures, populations, patients, and geographic locations is a difficult task. For this, the development of sustainable and healthy diet recommendations that are region-specific and culturally specific, and simultaneously encompass all aspects of sustainability, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Alexandropoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, Alexander Campus, GR-57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (M.G.G.)
| | - Dimitrios G. Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 76 Agiou Pavlou Street, GR-56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodora Merou
- Department of Forest and Natural Environment Sciences, International Hellenic University, GR-66100 Drama, Greece
| | - Tonia Vassilakou
- Department of Public Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, 196 Alexandras Avenue, GR-11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria G. Grammatikopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, GR-41110 Larissa, Greece
- Correspondence: (I.A.); (M.G.G.)
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Ramirez-Vega D, Salinas-Cortes M, Melendez-Coral M, Cordell GA, Rodriguez-Garcia A. The evolution of nutrition intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:3053-3061. [PMID: 35894318 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022278.04082021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has challenged health professionals in widely divergent areas, including innovation of practice, communication, multidisciplinary activities, broader use of technology, and adaptability. The role of the dietitian and other health professionals in dealing with the evolving crisis might be considered essential in treating patients. Given the limited access to various food options, nutrition screening and assessment deserves a high priority to complete a comprehensive nutrition evaluation, identify nutrition risks, prioritize care, and provide early nutrition intervention and support to all patients with or who have had, COVID-19 and are experiencing ongoing symptoms. Such an intervention would benefit the patients and the health system by reducing the length of hospital stay, ameliorating further complications, limiting hospital readmission, enhancing recovery, and assisting in the management of comorbidities and their metabolic alterations. This brief overview outlines the essential role of nutrition intervention and support as part of an integrated, multidisciplinary treatment program for the care of COVID-19 patients during the pandemic. Restrictive movements have changed consultative approaches, and the importance of Telenutrition for the effective communication of health status and recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixia Ramirez-Vega
- School of Nutrition, Tecnológico de Monterrey. Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Sertoma. 64710 Monterrey NL Mexico.
| | - Monica Salinas-Cortes
- Steinhardt Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, New York University. New York NY USA.,Clinical Nutrition Department, Moses Division, Montefiore Medical Center. New York NY USA
| | - Melissa Melendez-Coral
- School of Nutrition, Tecnológico de Monterrey. Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Sertoma. 64710 Monterrey NL Mexico.
| | - Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products Inc, USA and College of Pharmacy, University of Florida. Gainesville FL USA
| | - Aida Rodriguez-Garcia
- School of Nutrition, Tecnológico de Monterrey. Av. Morones Prieto 3000, Col. Sertoma. 64710 Monterrey NL Mexico. .,Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. San Nicolás de los Garza NL México
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Chen C, Chaudhary A, Mathys A. Dietary Change and Global Sustainable Development Goals. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.771041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food production for human consumption is a leading cause of environmental damage in the world and yet over two billion people suffer from malnutrition. Several studies have presented evidence that changes in dietary patterns across the world can lead to win-win outcomes for environmental and social sustainability and can complement ongoing technological and policy efforts to improve the efficiency of agricultural production. However, the existing evidence have been compiled in “silos” by a large range of researchers across several disciplines using different indicators. The aim of this quantitative review is to bring together the existing knowledge on heterogeneity of current dietary patterns across the world and how a transition toward healthy diets in different countries can aid in progress toward multiple global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We first summarize the nutritional quality, economic cost, and environmental footprint of current diets of over 150 countries using multiple indicators. Next, we review which shifts in dietary patterns across different world regions can help toward achievement of SDG2 (Zero hunger), SDG3 (Good health and wellbeing), SDG 6 (Clean water and sanitation), SDG13 (Climate action), SDG14 (Life below water), and SDG15 (Life on land). Finally, we briefly discuss how to enable the shift toward sustainable dietary patterns and identify the research and data gaps that need to be filled through future efforts. Our analysis reveals that dietary change is necessary in all countries as each one has unique priorities and action items. For regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, increased intake of nutrient dense foods is needed to address deficiency of essential nutrients like folate, potassium, and vitamin A. For North America and Europe, shifting toward more plant-based diets would be healthier and simultaneously reduce the per capita environmental footprints. The results can be useful for policymakers in designing country-specific strategies for adoption of sustainable dietary behaviors and for food industry to ensure the supply of sustainable food items customized with regions' need.
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Lazarova SV, Sutherland JM, Jessri M. Adherence to emerging plant-based dietary patterns and its association with cardiovascular disease risk in a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:57-73. [PMID: 35265975 PMCID: PMC9257478 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of emerging plant-based dietary patterns in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk at the national population level. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this research were to assess the validity and reliability of newly established plant-based dietary indices, and to evaluate their associations with CVD risk among Canadian adults. METHODS Data were obtained from repeated 24-h dietary recalls of adult participants in the cross-sectional, nationally representative Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 2004 linked to health administrative databases (n = 12,323) and cycle 2015 (n = 14,026). Plant-based diet quality was assessed with a revised Plant-based Dietary Index (PDI), EAT-Lancet Reference Diet (ERD) score, and the latest Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI) 2020. Weighted multivariate analyses were used for testing associations between diet quality and lifestyle characteristics, and weighted multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models for associations with CVD risk. RESULTS Construct validity was confirmed for the revised PDI and DGAI 2020 (but not the ERD) because participants in the highest (healthiest) quartile, compared to those in the lowest (least healthy), were more likely to be female (mean ± SE: 52.63% ± 1.27% compared with 44.80% ± 1.65% for revised PDI; 59.37% ± 2.01% compared with 40.84% ± 1.71% for DGAI 2020), older (mean ± SE: 50.55 ± 0.39 y compared with 45.56 ± 0.43 y for revised PDI; 51.57 ± 0.39 y compared with 46.35 ± 0.54 y for DGAI 2020), to have postsecondary education (mean ± SE: 32.36% ± 1.55% compared with 21.12% ± 1.31% for revised PDI; 34.17% ± 2.69% compared with 17.87% ± 0.98% for DGAI 2020), and less likely to be daily smokers (mean ± SE: 8.21% ± 1.0% compared with 17.06% ± 1.45% for revised PDI; 7.36% ± 1.71% compared with 21.53% ± 1.58% for DGAI 2020) (P-trend < 0.0001). No significant associations were observed between dietary index scores and CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS The revised PDI and DGAI 2020 provided valid and meaningful measures of plant-based eating among Canadians, whereas the validity of the ERD was not directly confirmed. Adherence to the plant-based dietary patterns was not associated with CVD risk. Future large-scale studies are necessary to further evaluate the role of plant-based eating in CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svilena V Lazarova
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason M Sutherland
- Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mahsa Jessri
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Health Services and Policy Research, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Maire J, Sattar A, Henry R, Warren F, Merkle M, Rounsevell M, Alexander P. How different COVID-19 recovery paths affect human health, environmental sustainability, and food affordability: a modelling study. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e565-e576. [PMID: 35809586 PMCID: PMC9259001 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic arrived at a time of faltering global poverty reduction and increasing levels of diet-related diseases, both of which have a strong link to poor outcomes for those with COVID-19. Governments responded to the pandemic by placing unprecedented restrictions on internal and external movements, which have resulted in an economic contraction. In response to the economic shock, G20 governments have committed to providing US$14 trillion stimuli to support economic recovery. We aimed to assess the impact of different COVID-19 recovery paths on human health, environmental sustainability, and food sustainability. METHODS We used LandSyMM, a global gridded land use change model, to analyse the impact of recovery paths from COVID-19. The paths were illustrated by four scenarios that represent different pandemic severities (including a single or recurrent pandemic) and alternate modes of recovery, including a transition of food demand towards healthier diets that result in changes to the food system: (1) solidarity and celery, (2) nothing new, (3) fries and fragmentation, and (4) best laid plans. For each scenario, we modelled the economic shocks of the pandemic and the impact of policy measures to promote healthier diets in the years after the COVID-19 pandemic, including the supply of and demand for food, environmental outcomes, and human health outcomes. The four scenarios use established future population growth and economic development projections derived from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 2. We quantified the outcomes from more societally cooperative pandemic responses that result in reduced trade barriers and improved technological development against less cooperative responses. FINDINGS Repeated pandemic shocks (the fries and fragmentation and best laid plans scenarios) reduce the ability of the lowest income countries to ensure food security. A post-pandemic recovery that includes dietary transition towards the consumption of less meat and more fruits and vegetables (the solidarity and celery scenario) could prevent 2583 premature deaths per million in 2060, whereas recovery paths that are focused on economic recovery (the fries and fragmentation scenario) could trigger an additional 778 deaths per million in 2060. The transition of dietary preferences towards healthier diets (the solidarity and celery scenario) also reduces nitrogen fertiliser use by 40 million tonnes and irrigation water by 400 km3 compared with no dietary change in 2060 (the nothing new scenario). Finally, the scenario with dietary transition increases the affordability of the average diet. INTERPRETATION The economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is most visible in low-income countries, where a reduction in growth projections makes a greater difference to the affordability of a basic diet. A change in dietary preferences is most impactful in reducing mortality and the burden of disease when income levels are high. At lower income, a transition towards lower meat consumption reduces undernourishment and diet-related mortality. FUNDING The Global Food Security's Resilience of the UK Food System Programme project, with support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Natural Environment Research Council, and the Scottish Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Maire
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aimen Sattar
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Roslyn Henry
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frances Warren
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Magnus Merkle
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark Rounsevell
- Land Use & Climate Change Research Group, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany
| | - Peter Alexander
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Mroz G, Painter J. One person's meat is another's poison: representations of the meat-health nexus in UK news media. Health Promot Int 2022; 37:6631487. [PMID: 35788304 PMCID: PMC9255944 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mainstream media play a central role in shaping the ways diet and nutrition are discussed in the public sphere, yet few studies have explored its depictions of the meat-health nexus. Focusing on eight of the most popular news online sites consumed by lower-income groups in the UK—the demographic most likely to eat meat, according to a survey conducted for this study—we carried out content analysis of 128 articles. We found, first, a multiplicity of pro- and anti-meat narratives across all news outlets; second, that the dominant recommendation, found in 40% of our sample, was to eat less or no red meat; and third, that a balanced or neutral sentiment was present in over half of our sample, with a ratio of 3:2 (anti-versus pro-meat) in remaining articles. We found that the editorial leaning of a news outlet was not closely correlated with its overall sentiment towards meat consumption; all were neutral or slightly anti-meat, with the exception of LAD Bible, the only clearly pro-meat outlet. Qualitative analysis uncovered three key themes: the risk of red meat on colorectal cancer, uncertainty around plant-based options, and individual dietary choice. We use case studies guided by these themes to highlight some of the shortcomings of health communication and provide recommendations, with a focus on improved dialogue between journalists and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilly Mroz
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Painter
- Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,School of Geography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Stubbendorff A, Sonestedt E, Ramne S, Drake I, Hallström E, Ericson U. Development of an EAT-Lancet index and its relation to mortality in a Swedish population. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:705-716. [PMID: 34791011 PMCID: PMC8895215 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current global food systems threaten human health and environmental sustainability. In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems defined the first global reference diet to improve both areas, but there is no consensus on how to quantify the EAT-Lancet reference diet as a diet index, and its relation to mortality has not been widely studied. OBJECTIVES We sought to develop a new dietary index to quantify adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and assess its association with mortality in a large, population-based Swedish cohort. We also examined food components included in the index and their individual associations with mortality. METHODS We used the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort (n = 22,421; 45-73 years old at baseline). Dietary data were collected using a modified diet history method. The EAT-Lancet index was developed based on intake levels and reference intervals of 14 food components defined in the EAT-Lancet diet (0-3 points per component; 0-42 points in total). Associations with mortality were examined based on registers during a mean of 20 years of follow-up and were adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS Divided into 5 adherence groups, the highest adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet (≥23 points) was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.67-0.85), cancer mortality (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63-0.92), and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.84) than the lowest adherence (≤13 points). Several food components included in the index contributed to the observed reductions in mortality. CONCLUSIONS We developed a new dietary index to investigate adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet. The findings indicate a 25% lower risk of mortality among those with the highest adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet, as defined using our index, which adds to the evidence base for the development of sustainable dietary guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stubbendorff
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Stina Ramne
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Isabel Drake
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Elinor Hallström
- Department of Agriculture and Food, Research Institutes of Sweden (RISE), Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Animal board invited review: Animal source foods in healthy, sustainable, and ethical diets - An argument against drastic limitation of livestock in the food system. Animal 2022; 16:100457. [PMID: 35158307 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal source foods are evolutionarily appropriate foods for humans. It is therefore remarkable that they are now presented by some as unhealthy, unsustainable, and unethical, particularly in the urban West. The benefits of consuming them are nonetheless substantial, as they offer a wide spectrum of nutrients that are needed for cell and tissue development, function, and survival. They play a role in proper physical and cognitive development of infants, children, and adolescents, and help promote maintenance of physical function with ageing. While high-red meat consumption in the West is associated with several forms of chronic disease, these associations remain uncertain in other cultural contexts or when consumption is part of wholesome diets. Besides health concerns, there is also widespread anxiety about the environmental impacts of animal source foods. Although several production methods are detrimental (intensive cropping for feed, overgrazing, deforestation, water pollution, etc.) and require substantial mitigation, damaging impacts are not intrinsic to animal husbandry. When well-managed, livestock farming contributes to ecosystem management and soil health, while delivering high-quality foodstuffs through the upcycling of resources that are otherwise non-suitable for food production, making use of marginal land and inedible materials (forage, by-products, etc.), integrating livestock and crop farming where possible has the potential to benefit plant food production through enhanced nutrient recycling, while minimising external input needs such as fertilisers and pesticides. Moreover, the impacts on land use, water wastage, and greenhouse gas emissions are highly contextual, and their estimation is often erroneous due to a reductionist use of metrics. Similarly, whether animal husbandry is ethical or not depends on practical specificities, not on the fact that animals are involved. Such discussions also need to factor in that animal husbandry plays an important role in culture, societal well-being, food security, and the provision of livelihoods. We seize this opportunity to argue for less preconceived assumptions about alleged effects of animal source foods on the health of the planet and the humans and animals involved, for less top-down planning based on isolated metrics or (Western) technocratic perspectives, and for more holistic and circumstantial approaches to the food system.
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Perignon M, Darmon N. Advantages and limitations of the methodological approaches used to study dietary shifts towards improved nutrition and sustainability. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:579-597. [PMID: 35142357 PMCID: PMC8829675 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acting on diet is one of the changes required - in combination with actions on food production, transformation, and waste - to address the challenges of reducing the environmental impact of our food systems and eliminating all forms of malnutrition. The number of studies exploring how to move towards a more sustainable diet has exploded over the past decades, but there is a need to facilitate their understanding and use by policy makers and all other stakeholders possibly influencing diet sustainability. The aim of the present article is to propose a categorization of studies into 4 approaches, based on the type of methodology used to explore diet sustainability, and to highlight the principles, advantages, and limitations of each approach in order to help study users in their interpretation. The 4 approaches are: assessment of sustainability characteristics of hypothetical diets (approach 1) or existing diets (approach 2), identification of existing "positive deviants" (approach 3), and design of more sustainable diets with constrained optimization (approach 4). Specificities and key findings drawn from each approach are described, and challenges for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Perignon
- MoISA, Université de Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicole Darmon
- MoISA, Université de Montpellier, CIHEAM-IAMM, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
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26
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Laine JE, Huybrechts I, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P, Weiderpass E, Tsilidis K, Aune D, Schulze MB, Bergmann M, Temme EHM, Boer JMA, Agnoli C, Ericson U, Stubbendorff A, Ibsen DB, Dahm CC, Deschasaux M, Touvier M, Kesse-Guyot E, Sánchez Pérez MJ, Rodríguez Barranco M, Tong TYN, Papier K, Knuppel A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mancini F, Severi G, Srour B, Kühn T, Masala G, Agudo A, Skeie G, Rylander C, Sandanger TM, Riboli E, Vineis P. Co-benefits from sustainable dietary shifts for population and environmental health: an assessment from a large European cohort study. Lancet Planet Health 2021; 5:e786-e796. [PMID: 34688354 PMCID: PMC8581185 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unhealthy diets, the rise of non-communicable diseases, and the declining health of the planet are highly intertwined, where food production and consumption are major drivers of increases in greenhouse gas emissions, substantial land use, and adverse health such as cancer and mortality. To assess the potential co-benefits from shifting to more sustainable diets, we aimed to investigate the associations of dietary greenhouse gas emissions and land use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality and cancer incidence rates. METHODS Using data from 443 991 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, a multicentre prospective cohort, we estimated associations between dietary contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and land use and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and incident cancers using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The main exposures were modelled as quartiles. Co-benefits, encompassing the potential effects of alternative diets on all-cause mortality and cancer and potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and land use, were estimated with counterfactual attributable fraction intervention models, simulating potential effects of dietary shifts based on the EAT-Lancet reference diet. FINDINGS In the pooled analysis, there was an association between levels of dietary greenhouse gas emissions and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1·13 [95% CI 1·10-1·16]) and between land use and all-cause mortality (1·18 [1·15-1·21]) when comparing the fourth quartile to the first quartile. Similar associations were observed for cause-specific mortality. Associations were also observed between all-cause cancer incidence rates and greenhouse gas emissions, when comparing the fourth quartile to the first quartile (adjusted HR 1·11 [95% CI 1·09-1·14]) and between all-cause cancer incidence rates and land use (1·13 [1·10-1·15]); however, estimates differed by cancer type. Through counterfactual attributable fraction modelling of shifts in levels of adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet, we estimated that up to 19-63% of deaths and up to 10-39% of cancers could be prevented, in a 20-year risk period, by different levels of adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet. Additionally, switching from lower adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet to higher adherence could potentially reduce food-associated greenhouse gas emissions up to 50% and land use up to 62%. INTERPRETATION Our results indicate that shifts towards universally sustainable diets could lead to co-benefits, such as minimising diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and land use, reducing the environmental footprint, aiding in climate change mitigation, and improving population health. FUNDING European Commission (DG-SANCO), the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), MRC Early Career Fellowship (MR/M501669/1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Laine
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Kostas Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Nutrition, Bjørknes University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Manuela Bergmann
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Elisabeth H M Temme
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Daniel B Ibsen
- Research Unit for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mélanie Deschasaux
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm U1153, Inrae U1125, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris (CRESS), Bobigny, France
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez Pérez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Rodríguez Barranco
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Tammy Y N Tong
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Keren Papier
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anika Knuppel
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Francesca Mancini
- CESP, Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, 94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, Faculté de médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, 94805, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Bernard Srour
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Rsearch Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Rsearch Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, Nutrition and Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paolo Vineis
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK; Italian Institute of Technology, Genova, Italy
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Nature of the evidence base and frameworks underpinning dietary recommendations for prevention of non-communicable diseases: a position paper from the Academy of Nutrition Sciences. Br J Nutr 2021; 126:1076-1090. [PMID: 34515022 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520005000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This Position Paper from the Academy of Nutrition Sciences is the first in a series which describe the nature of the scientific evidence and frameworks that underpin nutrition recommendations for health. This first paper focuses on evidence which underpins dietary recommendations for prevention of non-communicable diseases. It considers methodological advances made in nutritional epidemiology and frameworks used by expert groups to support objective, rigorous and transparent translation of the evidence into dietary recommendations. The flexibility of these processes allows updating of recommendations as new evidence becomes available. For CVD and some cancers, the paper has highlighted the long-term consistency of a number of recommendations. The innate challenges in this complex area of science include those relating to dietary assessment, misreporting and the confounding of dietary associations due to changes in exposures over time. A large body of experimental data is available that has the potential to support epidemiological findings, but many of the studies have not been designed to allow their extrapolation to dietary recommendations for humans. Systematic criteria that would allow objective selection of these data based on rigour and relevance to human nutrition would significantly add to the translational value of this area of nutrition science. The Academy makes three recommendations: (i) the development of methodologies and criteria for selection of relevant experimental data, (ii) further development of innovative approaches for measuring human dietary intake and reducing confounding in long-term cohort studies and (iii) retention of national nutrition surveillance programmes needed for extrapolating global research findings to UK populations.
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Tepper S, Geva D, Shahar DR, Shepon A, Mendelsohn O, Golan M, Adler D, Golan R. The SHED Index: a tool for assessing a Sustainable HEalthy Diet. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:3897-3909. [PMID: 33904997 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Promoting sustainable diets through sustainable food choices is essential for achieving the sustainable development goals set by the United Nations. Establishing a practical tool that can measure and score sustainable and healthy eating is highly important. METHODS We established a 30-item questionnaire to evaluate sustainable-dietary consumption. Based on the literature and a multidisciplinary advisory panel, the questionnaire was computed by principal component analysis, yielding the Sustainable-HEalthy-Diet (SHED) Index. A rigorous multi-stage process included validation in training-verification sets, across recycling efforts, as an indicator of environmental commitment; and validation across the proportion of animal-protein consumption, as an indicator of adherence to a sustainable and healthy dietary-pattern. The EAT-Lancet reference-diet and the Mediterranean-Diet-score were used to investigate the construct validity of the SHED Index score. Reliability was assessed with a test-retest sample. RESULTS Three-hundred-forty-eight men and women, aged 20-45 years, completed both the SHED Index questionnaire and a validated Food-Frequency-Questionnaire. Increased dietary animal-protein intake was associated with a lower SHED Index total score (p < 0.001). Higher recycling efforts were associated with a higher total SHED Index score (p < 0.001). A linear correlation was found between the SHED Index score and food-groups of the Eat-Lancet-reference diet. A significant correlation was found between the Mediterranean-Diet-score and the SHED Index score (r = 0.575, p < 0.001). The SHED Index score revealed high reliability in test-retest, high validity in training and verification sets, and internal consistency. CONCLUSION We developed the SHED Index score, a simple, practical tool, for measuring healthy and sustainable individual-diets. The score reflects the nutritional, environmental and sociocultural aspects of sustainable diets; and provides a tangible tool to be used in intervention studies and in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Tepper
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 1220800, Tel Hai, Israel.
| | - Diklah Geva
- IntegriStat, Studio for Biostatistics, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danit R Shahar
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Alon Shepon
- Department of Environmental Studies, The Porter School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Moria Golan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Tel-Hai College, Upper Galilee, 1220800, Tel Hai, Israel
| | - Dorit Adler
- The Israeli Forum for Sustainable Nutrition, Hailanot 1, Bitan Aharon, Israel
| | - Rachel Golan
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
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Seal CJ, Courtin CM, Venema K, de Vries J. Health benefits of whole grain: effects on dietary carbohydrate quality, the gut microbiome, and consequences of processing. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2742-2768. [PMID: 33682356 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Grains are important sources of carbohydrates in global dietary patterns. The majority of these carbohydrates, especially in refined-grain products, are digestible. Most carbohydrate digestion takes place in the small intestine where monosaccharides (predominantly glucose) are absorbed, delivering energy to the body. However, a considerable part of the carbohydrates, especially in whole grains, is indigestible dietary fibers. These impact gut motility and transit and are useful substrates for the gut microbiota affecting its composition and quality. For the most part, the profile of digestible and indigestible carbohydrates and their complexity determine the nutritional quality of carbohydrates. Whole grains are more complex than refined grains and are promoted as part of a healthy and sustainable diet mainly because the contribution of indigestible carbohydrates, and their co-passenger nutrients, is significantly higher. Higher consumption of whole grain is recommended because it is associated with lower incidence of, and mortality from, CVD, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. This may be due in part to effects on the gut microbiota. Although processing of cereals during milling and food manufacturing is necessary to make them edible, it also offers the opportunity to still further improve the nutritional quality of whole-grain flours and foods made from them. Changing the composition and availability of grain carbohydrates and phytochemicals during processing may positively affect the gut microbiota and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Christophe M Courtin
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Biochemistry and Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating & Food Innovation, Maastricht University-Campus Venlo, St Jansweg 20, 5928 RC, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Jan de Vries
- Nutrition Solutions, Reuvekamp 26, 7213CE, Gorssel, The Netherlands
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Provenza FD, Anderson C, Gregorini P. We Are the Earth and the Earth Is Us: How Palates Link Foodscapes, Landscapes, Heartscapes, and Thoughtscapes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.547822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are participating in the sixth mass extinction, and for the first time in 200,000 years, our species may be on the brink of extinction. We are facing the greatest challenges we have ever encountered, namely how to nourish eight billion people in the face of changing climates ecologically, diminish disparity between the haves and the have-nots economically, and ease xenophobia, fear, and hatred socially? Historically, our tribal nature served us well, but the costs of tribalism are now far too great for one people inhabiting one tiny orb. If we hope to survive, we must mend the divides that isolate us from one another and the communities we inhabit. While not doing so could be our undoing, doing so could transform our collective consciousness into one that respects, nourishes, and embraces our interdependence with life on Earth. At a basic level, we can cultivate life by using nature as a model for how to produce and consume food; by decreasing our dependence on fossil fuels for energy to grow, process, and transport food; and by transcending persistent battles over one-size-fits-all plant- or animal-based diets. If we learn to do so in ways that nourish life, we may awaken individually and collectively to the wisdom of the Maori proverb Ko au te whenua. Ko te whenua Ko au: I am the land. The land is me. In this paper, we use “scapes” —foodscapes, landscapes, heartscapes, and thoughtscapes—as unifying themes to discuss our linkages with communities. We begin by considering how palates link animals with foodscapes. Next, we address how palates link foodscapes with landscapes. We then consider how, through our reverence for life, heartscapes link palates with foodscapes and landscapes. We conclude with transformations of thoughtscapes needed to appreciate life on Earth as a community to which we belong, rather than as a commodity that belongs to us.
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Trijsburg L, Talsma EF, Crispim SP, Garrett J, Kennedy G, de Vries JHM, Brouwer ID. Method for the Development of WISH, a Globally Applicable Index for Healthy Diets from Sustainable Food Systems. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010093. [PMID: 33396659 PMCID: PMC7824146 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting both a healthy diet and at the same time considering the environmental sustainability aspects of production and consumption of the diet are urgent global issues. We developed the WISH (World Index for Sustainability and Health) to evaluate diets for healthiness and sustainability. The WISH seeks to measure two complex multidimensional concepts, diet quality and environmental sustainability, in one scoring system. The WISH is based on the EAT-Lancet recommendations for a healthy and sustainable diet in the general population with global applicability across multiple settings. Thirteen food groups are scored between 0 and 10, based on their association with disease and impact on environmental indicators. The scoring system was applied using a dataset of duplicate 24 h dietary recalls from 396 urban Vietnamese men and women. Out of a maximum score of 130, the mean total WISH score was 46 (SD 11), and scores for the healthy and high-environmental impact sub-scores were mean 25 (11) (out of 100) and mean 26 (8) (out of 70) respectively. A higher score was observed for the less-healthy (mean 20 (2) out of 30) sub-score. Our initial analysis shows that the WISH is able to differentiate between the healthiness and the environmental sustainability of a Vietnamese diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Trijsburg
- Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.T.); (J.H.M.d.V.); (I.D.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Elise F. Talsma
- Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.T.); (J.H.M.d.V.); (I.D.B.)
| | - Sandra P. Crispim
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 80210-170, Brazil;
| | | | - Gina Kennedy
- Advancing Nutrition, USAID, Arlington, VA 22202, USA;
| | - Jeanne H. M. de Vries
- Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.T.); (J.H.M.d.V.); (I.D.B.)
| | - Inge D. Brouwer
- Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (E.F.T.); (J.H.M.d.V.); (I.D.B.)
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Springmann M, Afshin A, Rivera JA, Wang DD, Willett W. The Benefits of the EAT-Lancet Commission's Dietary Recommendations Are Significant and Robust. J Nutr 2020; 150:2837-2838. [PMID: 33044522 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Springmann
- From the Oxford Martin Programme on the Future of Food and Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashkan Afshin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Juan A Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Daniel D Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zagmutt FJ, Pouzou JG, Costard S. Reply to M Springmann et al. J Nutr 2020; 150:2838-2839. [PMID: 33044524 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Goulding T, Lindberg R, Russell CG. The affordability of a healthy and sustainable diet: an Australian case study. Nutr J 2020; 19:109. [PMID: 32998734 PMCID: PMC7528590 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-020-00606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS EAT-Lancet Commission's Planetary Health Diet proposed a diet that integrates nutrition and sustainability considerations, however its affordability is unknown in many country-specific contexts, including Australia. The aim of this study is to develop a healthy and sustainable food basket modelled on the Planetary Health Diet to determine the affordability of the Planetary Health Diet basket across various socio-economic groups, and compare this affordability with a food basket modelled on the typical current diet, in an Australian setting. METHODS An Australian-specific Planetary Health Diet basket was developed for a reference household (2 adults and 2 children) modelled on the Planetary Health Diet reference diet, and compared to a previously-developed Typical Australian Diet basket. The cost of each food basket was determined by online supermarket shopping surveys in low, medium and high socio-economic areas in each Australian state. Basket affordability was determined for the reference household by comparing the basket cost to disposable income in each socio-economic group in each state. Mann-Whitney U tests then determined if there were significant differences between the median costs and the median affordability of both baskets. RESULTS The Planetary Health Diet basket was shown to be less expensive and more affordable than the Typical Australian Diet basket nationally, in all metropolitan areas, in all socio-economic groups across Australia (median cost: Planetary Health Diet = AUD$188.21, Typical Australian Diet = AUD$224.36; median affordability: Planetary Health Diet = 13%, Typical Australian Diet = 16%; p = < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study showed the Planetary Health Diet to be more affordable than the Typical Australian Diet for metropolitan-dwelling Australians. IMPLICATIONS These results can help to inform public health and food policy aimed at achieving a healthy and sustainable future for all Australians, including reductions in overweight/obesity rates and increased food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Goulding
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Lindberg
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
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Lonnie M, Johnstone AM. The public health rationale for promoting plant protein as an important part of a sustainable and healthy diet. NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Lonnie
- Department of Human Nutrition Faculty of Food Science University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland
| | - A. M. Johnstone
- The Rowett Institute School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
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Leroy F, Hite AH, Gregorini P. Livestock in Evolving Foodscapes and Thoughtscapes. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Fanzo J, Drewnowski A, Blumberg J, Miller G, Kraemer K, Kennedy E. Nutrients, Foods, Diets, People: Promoting Healthy Eating. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa069. [PMID: 32494761 PMCID: PMC7250582 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article is based on a session at ASN 2019 entitled Nutrients, Foods, Diets, People: Promoting Healthy Eating. A summary of the 4 presentations at this session is included in this article. The overarching themes that link these 4 presentations are sustainability and food systems. The subjects range from newer definitions of healthy eating to linking sustainable production to sustainable consumption. Two of the papers discuss the importance of the cost of a healthy diet and information as facilitators or barriers to consuming a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Fanzo
- Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies , Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adam Drewnowski
- Center for Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Blumberg
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory Miller
- Department of Nutrition, National Dairy Council, Chicago, IL, US
| | | | - Eileen Kennedy
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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