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Aggarwal S, Agarwal P, Singh AK. Human papilloma virus vaccines: A comprehensive narrative review. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 37:100780. [PMID: 38006748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in women aged 15-44 years in the world, with more than three-quarters of cases diagnosed at a locally advanced clinical stage with minor prospects of survival. Although only a small percentage of women with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) develop cervical cancer and most of the HPV infections are cleared subsequently at primary stage itself, but seroconversion not always guarantees that the individual is immune to HPV. The advent of the cervical carcinoma vaccine has raised the expectations that eradication of cervical carcinoma might be possible in the near future as it exhibited remarkably high efficacy against the vaccine-specific types in naive women with no serious vaccine-related adverse events. Few prophylactic HPV vaccines are currently licensed in over 100 countries. It has also been suggested that vaccinating both men and women is more beneficial than vaccinating only females. Vaccination is a cost-effective strategy to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer and mortality compared to no vaccination based on the cost of cancer treatment. Well-coordinated vaccination strategy with focus on adolescent girls and if possible, boys can lead to dramatic impact on disease reduction around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Aggarwal
- Division of ECD, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New-Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Pragati Agarwal
- Division of ECD, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ansari Nagar, New-Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- National JALMA Institute of Leprosy And Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
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Feng T, Cheng B, Sun W, Yang Y. Outcome and associated factors of high-risk human papillomavirus infection without cervical lesions. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:599. [PMID: 37957634 PMCID: PMC10644444 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the outcome of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with cervical pathology results of non-cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or cervical cancer and positive high-risk HPV test, as well as analyze the associated risk factors affecting the outcome of infection. METHODS To investigate the outcome of high-risk (HR)-HPV infection in the female genital tract and analyze the associated risk factors affecting their outcome, a total of 196 women with positive HR-HPV test results and non-CIN or cervical cancer cervical pathology results were selected for follow-up at the Cervical Disease Clinic of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 2017 to March 2020. The follow-up interval was every 6 months, and both cervical cytology (TCT) and HR-HPV testing were performed at each follow-up visit. If the cervical cytology results were normal upon recheck and the HR-HPV test was negative, the woman was considered to be cleared of the HPV infection and was entered into the routine cervical screening population. When the repeat HR-HPV test remained positive after 6 months, the woman was defined as having a persistent HR-HPV infection. If HR-HPV persisted but the TCT results were normal, follow-up was continued. If HR-HPV persisted and the TCT results were abnormal, a colposcopy-guided biopsy was performed immediately. In this situation, if the histological results were still non-CIN or cervical cancer, the follow-up was continued. If the histological results confirmed the development of CIN or invasive cancer, then enter another study follow-up to further track its development and outcome, and the woman commenced the treatment process. The HPV infection clearance time was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the comparison of the HPV clearance rate and infection clearance time between each of the different groups was performed using aχ2 test or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate. After the univariate analysis, several significant factors were included in the Cox model and independent risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 163 women were enrolled in this study. The median age was 40.0 years (22-67 years) and the median follow-up time was 11.5 months (6-31 months). The spontaneous clearance rate of HR-HPV infection was 51.5%, and the median time to viral clearance was 14.5 months. Age and the initial viral load were high risk factors affecting the spontaneous clearance of HR-HPV infection. The factors significantly associated with HPV clearance rate and time to HPV clearance consisted of menopause and full-term delivery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In women with normal or low-grade lesions on the cell smear, the spontaneous clearance rate of HR-HPV infection was 51.5% and the time to clearance was 14.5 months. Age and the initial viral load were independent associated factors affecting the spontaneous clearance of HR-HPV infection in the female genital tract. These findings suggest that non-young women or those with high viral loads have a higher rate of persistent HR-HPV infection. Thus, intensive screening should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, No.369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bei Cheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, No.369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuhong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, No.369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310008, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Zou K, Huang Y, Li Z. Prevention and treatment of human papillomavirus in men benefits both men and women. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1077651. [PMID: 36506029 PMCID: PMC9729793 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1077651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Men should not be overlooked in research on human papillomavirus (HPV) and its associated genital diseases. This is because men infected with HPV are not only at higher risk of genital cancers, but also increase their partners' risk of HPV infection and reinfection through sexual contact. Herein, we summarized the state of knowledge regarding the prevention and treatment of HPV infection in men as well as the possible effects of the prevention and treatment of HPV in men on their female partners. Condom use, smoking cessation, male circumcision, and HPV vaccination for men each play an important role in preventing HPV infection within heterosexual couples. Additionally, men could choose to test for certain types of HPV, such as the oncogenic HPV16 or HPV18 strains, as part of a routine screening program when their partner is positive for HPV. Although there is no recognized treatment for HPV infection as of yet, immunotherapy drugs, such as toll-like receptor agonists, therapeutic HPV vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, have shown promising results in clinical trials and in actual clinical practice. HPV infection in men also increases the risk of cervical cancer in their female partners. Because of the high partner concordance for HPV demonstrated in prior research, the prevention and treatment of HPV in men should be explored more comprehensively in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangni Zou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengyu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Zhengyu Li,
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Identification of women with high grade histopathology results after conisation by artificial neural networks. Radiol Oncol 2022; 56:355-364. [PMID: 35776841 PMCID: PMC9400436 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2022-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate if artificial neural networks can predict high-grade histopathology results after conisation from risk factors and their combinations in patients undergoing conisation because of pathological changes on uterine cervix. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed 1475 patients who had conisation surgery at the University Clinic for Gynaecology and Obstetrics of University Clinical Centre Maribor from 1993-2005. The database in different datasets was arranged to deal with unbalance data and enhance classification performance. Weka open-source software was used for analysis with artificial neural networks. Last Papanicolaou smear (PAP) and risk factors for development of cervical dysplasia and carcinoma were used as input and high-grade dysplasia Yes/No as output result. 10-fold cross validation was used for defining training and holdout set for analysis. RESULTS Bas eline classification and multiple runs of artificial neural network on various risk factors settings were performed. We achieved 84.19% correct classifications, area under the curve 0.87, kappa 0.64, F-measure 0.884 and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) 0.640 in model, where baseline prediction was 69.79%. CONCLUSIONS With artificial neural networks we were able to identify more patients who developed high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on final histopathology result of conisation as with baseline prediction. But, characteristics of 1475 patients who had conisation in years 1993-2005 at the University Clinical Centre Maribor did not allow reliable prediction with artificial neural networks for every-day clinical practice.
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Dujon AM, Boutry J, Tissot S, Lemaître JF, Boddy AM, Gérard AL, Alvergne A, Arnal A, Vincze O, Nicolas D, Giraudeau M, Telonis-Scott M, Schultz A, Pujol P, Biro PA, Beckmann C, Hamede R, Roche B, Ujvari B, Thomas F. Cancer Susceptibility as a Cost of Reproduction and Contributor to Life History Evolution. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.861103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproduction is one of the most energetically demanding life-history stages. As a result, breeding individuals often experience trade-offs, where energy is diverted away from maintenance (cell repair, immune function) toward reproduction. While it is increasingly acknowledged that oncogenic processes are omnipresent, evolving and opportunistic entities in the bodies of metazoans, the associations among reproductive activities, energy expenditure, and the dynamics of malignant cells have rarely been studied. Here, we review the diverse ways in which age-specific reproductive performance (e.g., reproductive aging patterns) and cancer risks throughout the life course may be linked via trade-offs or other mechanisms, as well as discuss situations where trade-offs may not exist. We argue that the interactions between host–oncogenic processes should play a significant role in life-history theory, and suggest some avenues for future research.
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Sharmin S, Sabikunnahar B, Aditya A, Khan MAAK, Nessa A, Ahsan CR, Yasmin M. Genotypic distribution and prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in an apparently healthy female population in Bangladesh. IJID REGIONS (ONLINE) 2021; 1:130-134. [PMID: 35757826 PMCID: PMC9216681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) comprises around 120 genotypically related viruses, classified into low- and high-risk HPVs, which are capable of replicating inside the keratinocytes of skin or mucous membranes. Studies suggest that infections with HPV-16 or HPV-18 have a higher rate of developing cancer. The aim of our study was to detect HPV early, and to estimate the genotype-specific prevalence of HPV in apparently healthy and asymptomatic females in Bangladesh. Method After cervical swab specimen collection, a VIA test was performed to identify any type of abnormality in the cervix. A multiplex PCR amplification of HPV DNA, using L1 consensus primer systems, was performed with type-specific primers, followed by sequencing to detect HPV genotypes. Result Of the 417 females, 121 were found to be HPV positive. The most prevalent high-risk HPV genotypes were found to be HPV-16 and HPV-18. Different patient demographic parameters, such as age, socioeconomic status, education, and history of first intercourse, were also studied to establish correlations with HPV infection. Conclusion Our results might provide some insights into factors that influence the development of cervical cancer. They might also help in guiding better patient management, increased public health awareness, further testing, and the implementation of existing vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Sharmin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Arpita Aditya
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ashrafun Nessa
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mahmuda Yasmin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author: Professor Dr Mahmuda Yasmin, Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
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Basonidis A, Liberis A, Daniilidis A, Petousis S, Dinas K. Human papilloma virus infection and miscarriage: is there an association? Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 59:656-659. [PMID: 32917313 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. HPV infection is more prevalent in pregnant than in age-matched non-pregnant women and its prevalence increases as pregnancy progresses. A number of reports evaluated the role of HPV infection in miscarriages. In the present review, we summarize the existing evidence regarding the association between HPV infection and miscarriage. It is still unclear whether HPV infection is associated with increased risk for miscarriage. Studies in the field yielded conflicting findings and their conclusions are limited by a small sample size and/or methodological limitations. On the other hand, preclinical data support a role of HPV infection in placental dysfunction. Given the high prevalence of HPV infection and the possibility that vaccination against HPV might protect against miscarriage, more studies are needed to elucidate whether this common infection is associated with increased risk for miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Basonidis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Liberis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Angelos Daniilidis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stamatis Petousis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Dinas
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Yamaguchi M, Sekine M, Hanley SJB, Kudo R, Hara M, Adachi S, Ueda Y, Miyagi E, Enomoto T. Risk factors for HPV infection and high-grade cervical disease in sexually active Japanese women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2898. [PMID: 33536516 PMCID: PMC7858628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, recommendations for HPV vaccines were suspended in 2013 due to unfounded safety fears. Although vaccine opponents claim modifying sexual behavior can prevent cervical cancer, no comprehensive data exist on sexual behavior and the risk of high-grade cervical disease in a Japanese population. This study investigates sexual behavior and the risk of HPV infection and cervical disease in 3968 women aged 20–41 yrs undergoing cervical screening between April 2014 and March 2016. Mean age at first intercourse was 18.4 yrs ± 2.8 and 32% of women reported ≥ 6 lifetime sexual partners. In regression analyses, number of partners was a significant risk factor for HPV infection. However, for high-grade disease (CIN2+), when HPV genotype was adjusted for, number of partners was not statistically significant. The greatest risk factor was an HPV16/18 infection (adjusted odds ratio 113.7, 95% CI: 40.8–316.9). In conclusion, we found that having an HPV16/18 infection and not sexual behavior was the most significant risk factor for high grade cervical disease in young Japanese women. These infections can be prevented by a highly effective vaccine and we recommend that the Japanese government resume proactive recommendations for the HPV vaccine immediately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manako Yamaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ward, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masayuki Sekine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ward, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Sharon J B Hanley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Risa Kudo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ward, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Sosuke Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ward, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Etsuko Miyagi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ward, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
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Ueda SM, Temkin SM. A global care package for women: Gender-neutral human papillomavirus eradication. Cancer 2020; 126:4660-4663. [PMID: 32780470 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie M Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sarah M Temkin
- Division of Gynecologic Specialty Surgery, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, Maryland
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Turhan E, Cetin S, Cetin M, Abacigil F. Awareness and Knowledge Levels of 18-Year-Old and Older Individuals Regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV Vaccine in Hatay, Turkey. JOURNAL OF CANCER EDUCATION : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR CANCER EDUCATION 2019; 34:234-241. [PMID: 29063507 DOI: 10.1007/s13187-017-1292-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and awareness levels of 18-year-old and older women and men on HPV infection, HPV vaccine, and the potential risk factors in Hatay, Turkey. In our study, it was found that overall 27.0 and 23.2% of the participants reported having heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine. The rate of participants who had heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine was higher in women than in men (p < 0.000). Thirteen percent of the participants was aware of the fact that HPV triggers cervical cancer, 10.2% penile cancer, and 16.7% genital warts, respectively. The overall vaccination rate of the participants was 2.7%. When the total knowledge score of the participants about HPV infection and HPV vaccine was evaluated according to independent variables, it was found that being a woman, urbanization, and having a high level of education had a positive effect on knowledge score, while never having heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine had a negative effect on knowledge score (p < 0.000). It was determined in the linear regression model that gender, educational status, residential area, and having heard of HPV infection before influenced knowledge levels. It was determined that the relation between these variables and the total knowledge scores of the participants was statistically significant (p < 0.05). It was also determined that women who had higher educational levels, those who were living in urban areas, and those who had heard HPV infection before had higher knowledge levels. The level of knowledge of the participants about HPV infection and HPV vaccine was found to be very low. Having adequate knowledge about HPV infection and increasing the acceptance of HPV vaccination in public will play an important role in decreasing the rate of mortality and morbidity of the different HPV-associated cancers in women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Turhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Katip Celebi University, Balatcik Mahallesi Number: 33/2 35620 Balatcik, Cigli, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Sirin Cetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Meryem Cetin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Fatma Abacigil
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Mustafa Kemal University, Antakya, Hatay, Turkey
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Lifestyle factors and oncogenic papillomavirus infection in a high-risk male population. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184492. [PMID: 28898279 PMCID: PMC5595320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in males is a health issue with implications for HPV-related lesions in their partners. The identification of risk factors for male infection may improve our understanding of HR-HPV transmission and prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between lifestyle, genital warts and HR-HPV infection. The study was focused on men with an increased risk of HR-HPV infection: male sexual partners of women diagnosed with high-grade squamous intraepithelial cervical lesions. Methods Men were enrolled and prospectively recruited within the first six months after diagnosis of cervical lesions in their female partners (n = 175, 2013–2016). Epidemiological and sexual behaviour data were obtained. The presence of genital warts was established by visual inspection. Detection and genotyping of HR-HPV infection in genital samples were performed with a Linear Array HPV Genotyping Test. All HR-HPV positive men were offered a follow-up exam at 12 months. SPSS version 19 was used for statistical analysis. Results and discussion The prevalence of HR-HPV infection in men was 45.1% (79/175). Genital warts were observed in 10.3% (18/175) of the subjects. Detection of genital warts (OR 3.5, p = 0.015), smoking habits (OR 2.3, p = 0.006) and sexual debut before 16 years old (OR 2, p = 0.035) were associated with an increased risk for HR-HPV infection (univariate analysis). This association was also observed for genital warts and smoking status in a multivariate analysis. The same genotype was found after one year in 71.4% (20/28) of subjects. Conclusions The presence of genital warts and smoking habits seem to be associated with a higher risk of HR-HPV infection in males. Earlier sexual debut may increase this risk. Extensive knowledge of the natural history of HR-HPV infection in males is an absolute requirement for the design and implementation of prevention strategies for the general population as well as for specific populations such as couples after treatment for high-grade cervical lesions.
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Favato G, Easton T, Vecchiato R, Noikokyris E. Ecological validity of cost-effectiveness models of universal HPV vaccination: A systematic literature review. Vaccine 2017; 35:2622-2632. [PMID: 28408119 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protective (herd) effect of the selective vaccination of pubertal girls against human papillomavirus (HPV) implies a high probability that one of the two partners involved in intercourse is immunised, hence preventing the other from this sexually transmitted infection. The dynamic transmission models used to inform immunisation policy should include consideration of sexual behaviours and population mixing in order to demonstrate an ecological validity, whereby the scenarios modelled remain faithful to the real-life social and cultural context. The primary aim of this review is to test the ecological validity of the universal HPV vaccination cost-effectiveness modelling available in the published literature. METHODS The research protocol related to this systematic review has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42016034145). Eight published economic evaluations were reviewed. RESULTS None of the studies showed due consideration of the complexities of human sexual behaviour and the impact this may have on the transmission of HPV. DISCUSSION Our findings indicate that all the included models might be affected by a different degree of ecological bias, which implies an inability to reflect the natural demographic and behavioural trends in their outcomes and, consequently, to accurately inform public healthcare policy. In particular, ecological bias have the effect to over-estimate the preference-based outcomes of selective immunisation. A relatively small (15-20%) over-estimation of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained with selective immunisation programmes could induce a significant error in the estimate of cost-effectiveness of universal immunisation, by inflating its incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) beyond the acceptability threshold. The results modelled here demonstrate the limitations of the cost-effectiveness studies for HPV vaccination, and highlight the concern that public healthcare policy might have been built upon incomplete studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Favato
- Institute for Leadership and Management of Health (ILMH), Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston Hill, Kingston-upon-Thames KT2 7LB, UK; Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston Hill, Kingston-upon-Thames KT2 7LB, UK.
| | - Tania Easton
- Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston Hill, Kingston-upon-Thames KT2 7LB, UK
| | - Riccardo Vecchiato
- Institute for Leadership and Management of Health (ILMH), Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston Hill, Kingston-upon-Thames KT2 7LB, UK; Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston Hill, Kingston-upon-Thames KT2 7LB, UK
| | - Emmanouil Noikokyris
- Kingston Business School, Kingston University, Kingston Hill, Kingston-upon-Thames KT2 7LB, UK
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Characteristics of HPV infection in women at risk in Western Algeria. Med Mal Infect 2017; 47:38-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Profozić Z, Meštrović T, Savić I, Profozić V. Prevalence of HPV Infection in Croatian Men during a 12-year Period: a Comparative Study of External Genital and Urethral Swabs. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 24:321-325. [PMID: 28095289 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to compare the prevalence and distribution of both low-risk and high-risk HPV infection of the urethra and outer genital region in Croatian men. Thus far there is a consensus that sampling the coronal sulcus and glans of the penis is essential for adequately assessing HPV status in men but less agreement is noted for urethral sampling. METHODS External genital brushing and urethral swabs were taken from 1,342 men during a 12-year period and tested with the hc2 HPV DNA Test using Hybrid Capture 2 technology. RESULTS The overall prevalence of male HPV infection in this study was 36.66%. Infection with high-risk HPV types (44.72%) was significantly more frequent than infection with low-risk HPV types (28.86%) or co-infection with both low-risk and high-risk HPV types (26.42%). HPV was more frequently demonstrated in the outer genital area (58.33%) when compared to the sole infection of the urethra (17.89%) or infection of both genital sites (23.78%). CONCLUSIONS Results from this study indicate high prevalence of HPV infection in men and suggest that optimal sampling method for the testing of men is the combination of external genital and urethral swabs. Further research about the proper collection of biological samples and testing methods for HPV detection in men is necessary since our future end-goal is to implement standardized guidelines on sampling and diagnostic testing of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zora Profozić
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic "Dr. Zora Profozić", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Meštrović
- Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Polyclinic "Dr. Zora Profozić", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Savić
- Department of Urology, Dubrava University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Velimir Profozić
- Internal Medicine Unit, Polyclinic "Dr. Zora Profozić", Zagreb, Croatia
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Schiffner TA, Buki LP, Sabet RF. Mexican American College Men's (Mis)Understandings About HPV and Cervical Cancer. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2017; 40:150-159. [PMID: 28207678 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Latinas have disproportionally high rates of cervical cancer in part due to their reliance on Latino partners to make sexual health decisions, their limited knowledge about human papillomavirus (HPV), and inconsistent Pap smear screening behaviors. In this qualitative study, we examined the sexual health beliefs of Latino college men regarding HPV. Participants included 6 Mexican American college students from a large Midwestern university. We conducted 18 in-depth individual interviews about men's beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge about HPV. Through theme analysis, we identified 4 themes suggesting that participants' limited knowledge of HPV places their female partners at risk. Implications for health promotion programming are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A Schiffner
- Independent Consultant, Orlando, Florida (Dr Schiffner); and University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida (Dr Buki and Ms Sabet)
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Mañon R, Schimp V, Gopalan P, Pattani K, Tseng J. The Impact of HPV as an Etiological Factor in Gynecological and Oropharyngeal Cancer. Am J Lifestyle Med 2016; 10:253-261. [PMID: 30202280 PMCID: PMC6125059 DOI: 10.1177/1559827615569707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of several viral pathogens linked to human cancer. This article reviews the current worldwide cancer burden related to this pathogen. The article also examines the role of HPV in oropharyngeal and gynecological malignancies, current treatment implications, and future directions in the treatment and prevention of HPV-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mañon
- Rafael Mañon, MD, Department of Radiation Oncology, UF Health Cancer Center, Orlando Health, 1400 S Orange Ave, MP 760, Orlando, FL 32806; e-mail:
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López Diez E, Pérez S, Iñarrea A, de la Orden A, Castro M, Almuster S, Tortolero L, Rodríguez M, Montero R, Ojea A. Prevalence and concordance of high-risk papillomavirus infection in male sexual partners of women diagnosed with high grade cervical lesions. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 35:273-277. [PMID: 27004428 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the characteristics of high-risk papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection in men. The aims of this cross-sectional study were: (a) to investigate HR-HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in men, sexual partners of women presenting with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-CIN), according to epidemiological characteristics, and (b) to assess type-specific concordance between partners. METHODS A total of 125 men were recruited within the first 6 months after HG-CIN diagnosis of their partner. Samples from the coronal sulcus, glans penis shaft, and scrotum were tested with linear array HPV genotyping assay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Type-specific concordance within 120 couples was studied. Epidemiological factors were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. SPSS 19 (IBM, Chicago, USA). RESULTS The prevalence of HR-HPV infection in males was 50.4% (63/125). HPV16/53/52/51/66/31 were the most frequent genotypes (24/10.4/9.6/8.8/8/7.2%, respectively). Current smoking was associated with an increased risk for HR-HPV infection in men (38.2% (21/55) vs 60% (42/70), OR 2.4, p=0.025). Among 60 infected couples, 62% shared at least one genotype: 41.7% couples were concordantly HPV16 positive and 18.3% were HPV16 negative (kappa value: 0.21). The proportion of women with the same genotype as their male partner was higher than the proportion of men sharing the same genotype as their female partner: 58.7% (37/63) vs 30.8% (37/120), p<0.0001. CONCLUSIONS Sexual partners of women with HG-CIN are a significant reservoir and vector of HPV infection, a fact that could contribute to making viral clearance more difficult to achieve in their partners after treatment of their HG-CIN lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López Diez
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain; Universidade de Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain.
| | - Sonia Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Amparo Iñarrea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Angel de la Orden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Máximo Castro
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Sheila Almuster
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Leonardo Tortolero
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Moises Rodríguez
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Ruben Montero
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Antonio Ojea
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Vigo, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain
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Benedetti Padrón I, Arroyo Salgado B, Barrios García L, Borre Arrieta O. Infección por el virus de papiloma humano en hombres parejas de mujeres con lesión intraepitelial escamosa del cérvix. Rev Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.uroco.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Carter AJR, Delarosa B, Hur H. An analysis of discrepancies between United Kingdom cancer research funding and societal burden and a comparison to previous and United States values. Health Res Policy Syst 2015; 13:62. [PMID: 26526609 PMCID: PMC4629288 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-015-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ideally, the allocation of research funding for each specific type of cancer should be proportional to its societal burden. This burden can be estimated with the metric ‘years of life lost’ (YLL), which combines overall mortality and age at death. Methods Using United Kingdom data from 2010, we compared research funding from the National Cancer Research Institute to this YLL burden metric for 26 types of cancers in order to identify the discrepancies between cancer research funding allocation and societal burden. We also compared these values to United States data from 2010 and United Kingdom data published in 2005. Results Our study revealed a number of discrepancies between cancer research funding and burden. Some cancers are funded at levels far higher than their relative burden suggests (testicular, leukaemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, breast, cervical, ovarian, prostate) while other cancers appear underfunded (gallbladder, lung, nasopharyngeal, intestine, stomach, pancreatic, thyroid, oesophageal, liver, kidney, bladder, and brain/central nervous system). United Kingdom funding patterns over the past decade have generally moved to increase funding to previously underfunded cancers with one notable exception showing a converse trend (breast cancer). The broad relationship between United Kingdom and United States funding patterns is similar with a few exceptions (e.g. leukaemia, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, prostate, testicular cancer). Conclusions There are discrepancies between cancer research funding allocation and societal burden in the United Kingdom. These discrepancies are broadly similar in both the United Kingdom and the United States and, while they appear to be improving, this is not consistent across all types of cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12961-015-0050-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J R Carter
- Biological Sciences Department, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA, 90804, USA.
| | - Beverly Delarosa
- Biological Sciences Department, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA, 90804, USA.
| | - Hannah Hur
- Biological Sciences Department, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, CA, 90804, USA.
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20
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Liu M, He Z, Zhang C, Liu F, Liu Y, Li J, Xu Z, Wang Q, Hang D, Shen N, Pan Y, Guo C, Cai H, Ke Y. Transmission of genital human papillomavirus infection in couples: a population-based cohort study in rural China. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26204471 PMCID: PMC4512147 DOI: 10.1038/srep10986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HPV transmission dynamics have rarely been studied in the general population, especially in China. We followed the genital HPV infection status of both partners in 874 couples aged 25-65 years from rural China for up to 7 bi-annual visits during 2009-2013. The positive HPV concordance and transmission rate for partners in a couple were evaluated and relevant risk factors were assessed. The concordance of any, oncogenic, and non-oncogenic HPV was 15.52%, 16.18% and 10.41%, respectively. Male-to-female transmission rate was 7.11, 12.13 and 4.77/1000 person months for any, oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV respectively. The female-to-male transmission rate was 5.56, 2.37, and 17.01/1000 person months for any, oncogenic and non-oncogenic HPV respectively. The risk of male-to-female transmission was significantly higher than that of female-to-male transmission for oncogenic types. However, for non-oncogenic types, the risk of male-to-female transmission was significantly lower than that of female-to-male transmission. Younger couples, persistent infection with HPV, higher numbers of sexual partners and higher frequency of sexual intercourse were positively associated with HPV transmission in couples. Our results indicate that men in rural China play a more important role than men in western populations as a source of cervical oncogenic HPV infection in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Chanyuan Zhang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyao Xu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Dong Hang
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Na Shen
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Chuanhai Guo
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cai
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ke
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital &Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
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Basu P, Hassan S, Fileeshia F, Mohamed S, Nahoodha A, Shiuna A, Sulaiman AI, Najeeb N, Saleem FJ. Knowledge, attitude and practices of women in maldives related to the risk factors, prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:6691-5. [PMID: 25169510 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.16.6691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A population-based cervical cancer screening program using visual inspection with acetic acid was launched in Maldives in 2014. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of women in relation to risk factors of cervical cancer, early detection of the disease and its prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS The questionnaire based survey was conducted among 20 to 50 year old women, systematically sampled to represent three regions of Maldives. Trained investigators interviewed a total of 2,845 women at home. RESULTS The prevalence of the risk factors of cervical cancer like early age at marriage and childbirth, multiple marriages, multiple marriages of the husbands, and multiple pregnancies was high. More women knew about breast cancer than cervical cancer. Even among the small number of women who knew of cervical cancer, only 34.6% had the knowledge of at least one early symptom. Very few women knew that the cancer could be prevented by any test. Only 6.2% of the women reported having ever undergone a Pap smear. Many women had the misconception that cervical cancer was infectious. In Maldives the younger women have high literacy rate due to the policy of universal free education and those with higher levels of education had improved knowledge of cervical cancer and its risk factors. The prevalence of risk factors also reduced with improved literacy. CONCLUSIONS Awareness about risk factors and prevention of cervical cancer is limited among Maldivian women in spite of having high exposure to some of the risk factors. A universal literacy program in the country has helped to improve the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and to reduce the exposure to various risk factors in the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Basu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India E-mail :
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22
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Hanley SJB, Yoshioka E, Ito Y, Konno R, Sasaki Y, Kishi R, Sakuragi N. An exploratory study of Japanese fathers' knowledge of and attitudes towards HPV and HPV vaccination: does marital status matter? Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1837-43. [PMID: 24641418 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.4.1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No studies on male attitudes towards HPV and HPV vaccination have been conducted in Japan, and little is known globally whether attitudes of single fathers differ to those living with a female partner. This exploratory study assessed whether Japanese fathers were likely to have their daughter vaccinated against HPV in a publically funded program and whether any differences existed regarding attitudes and knowledge about HPV according to marital status. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were 27 fathers (16 single; 11 married) who took part in a study on HPV vaccine acceptability aimed at primary caregivers of girls aged 11-14 yrs in three Japanese cities between July and December 2010. RESULTS Knowledge about HPV was extremely poor (mean score out of 13 being 2.74 ± 3.22) with only one (3.7%) participant believing he had been infected with HPV and most (81.4%) believing they had no or low future risk. No difference existed regarding knowledge or awareness of HPV according to marital status. Concerning perceived risk for daughters, single fathers were significantly more likely to believe their daughter was at risk for both HPV (87.5% versus 36.4%; p=0.01) and cervical cancer (75.0% versus 27.3%; p=0.02). Acceptability of free HPV vaccination was high at 92% with no difference according to marital status, however single fathers were significantly more likely (p=0.01) to pay when vaccination came at a cost. Concerns specific to single fathers included explaining the sexual nature of HPV and taking a daughter to a gynecologist to be vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge about HPV among Japanese fathers is poor, but HPV vaccine acceptability is high and does not differ by marital status. Providing sexual health education in schools that addresses lack of knowledge about HPV as well as information preferences expressed by single fathers, may not only increase HPV vaccine acceptance, but also actively involve men in cervical cancer prevention strategies. However, further large-scale quantitative studies are needed.
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Schabath MB, Thompson ZJ, Egan KM, Torres BN, Nguyen A, Papenfuss MR, Abrahamsen ME, Giuliano AR. Alcohol consumption and prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among US men in the HPV in Men (HIM) study. Sex Transm Infect 2014; 91:61-7. [PMID: 25278617 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Moderate alcohol consumption can impair host defence against viral infections. The objective of this cross-sectional analysis was to assess the association between alcohol intake and prevalent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among US men enrolled in the HPV in Men (HIM) study using quantitative alcohol intake measured from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. METHODS The HIM study is a prospective, multinational study of the natural history of HPV infection. For this report, we restricted our analyses to men from the US cohort (N = 1313). Samples from the corona of glans penis, penile shaft and scrotum were combined for HPV DNA testing. Self-reported alcohol intake was quantified by grams of alcohol intake per day. Multivariable prevalence ratios (mPRs) were used to assess the association between alcohol intake and HPV infections. RESULTS Prevalent infections were significantly higher among men in the highest quartile of alcohol intake and multivariable models revealed that the highest quartile of alcohol intake was associated with significantly increased risks for any (mPR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.27) HPV types and oncogenic (mPR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.68) HPV types. The fourth quartile of alcohol intake was associated with elevated risks for prevalent HPV infection across all strata of number of sexual partners and among never-smokers and current smokers, but not among former smokers. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that high intake of alcohol is associated with an increased risk for prevalent HPV infections among men. The biological role that alcohol plays in genital HPV infection remains understudied and limited epidemiological data exist, especially among men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Schabath
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Zachary J Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kathleen M Egan
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - B Nelson Torres
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Anthony Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Mary R Papenfuss
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Martha E Abrahamsen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Anna R Giuliano
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA Center for Infection Research in Cancer (CIRC), H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Liu M, He Z, Zhang C, Liu F, Liu Y, Li J, Xu Z, Wang Q, Hang D, Shen N, Pan Y, Guo C, Cai H, Ke Y. Prevalence, Incidence, Clearance, and Associated Factors of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection among Men: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Rural China. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:2857-65. [PMID: 25217154 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghu He
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dong Hang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Na Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Pan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chuanhai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China.
| | - Yang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Laboratory of Genetics, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, P.R. China.
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25
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Schmotzer GL, Reding KW. Knowledge and beliefs regarding human papillomavirus among college nursing students at a minority-serving institution. J Community Health 2014; 38:1106-14. [PMID: 23813323 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-013-9720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death in US women, with Hispanic women at higher risk of mortality than non-Hispanic white women. While the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine represents substantial progress towards cervical cancer prevention, little is currently known about Hispanic student's beliefs regarding the HPV vaccine. To assess the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs of college students in the US-Mexico border region following the release of the HPV vaccine for both males and females. This survey was conducted using a convenience sample were participants were recruited from pre-nursing and nursing courses. The self-administered questionnaire ascertained HPV vaccination status, and knowledge and beliefs regarding the HPV vaccine. 202 male and female students responded. 28.9% of respondents reported having received the HPV vaccine. Of the non-vaccinated students under age 27, 27.3% Hispanic students reported an intention to receive the vaccine. Misinformation about HPV was common and was associated with intention to get vaccinated among non-Hispanic white students. We found a relatively small proportion of unvaccinated Hispanic and non-Hispanic nursing students intend to be vaccinated for HPV. Findings indicate an intervention to increase vaccination rates among college-aged students may not be as straightforward as increasing knowledge of HPV. Nurses are in a unique position to educate and recommend HPV to underserved patients. Thus, educating nursing students regarding HPV and the associated cancers is paramount if we are to encourage ethnic minorities to receive the HPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri L Schmotzer
- School of Nursing, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001, MSC 3185, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8001, USA,
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Wisk LE, Allchin A, Witt WP. Disparities in human papillomavirus vaccine awareness among U.S. parents of preadolescents and adolescents. Sex Transm Dis 2014; 41:117-22. [PMID: 24413492 PMCID: PMC4037159 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000000086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved parental awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines could increase uptake of vaccines early in the life course, thereby reducing adolescents' later risk for HPV infection and cancer. As such, we sought to determine factors related to parental awareness of HPV vaccines, using a nationally representative population-based sample. METHODS We examined data on 5735 parents of preadolescents and adolescents aged 8 to 17 years from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Parents were asked if they had ever heard of HPV vaccines or shots. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the odds of parental awareness of HPV vaccines, controlling for relevant covariates. RESULTS Most US parents (62.6%) heard of HPV vaccines. Multivariable results revealed parents of children who were older, female, and insured were more likely to have heard of HPV vaccines; parents who were female, white (non-Hispanic), English speakers, born in the United States, married or living with a partner, more educated, and had higher income were also more likely to be aware of HPV vaccines. Notably, parents of children who had a well-child checkup in the last 12 months were significantly more likely to have heard of HPV vaccines (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.46). CONCLUSIONS Given the significant disparities in parental awareness of HPV vaccines, improving access to preventive pediatric health care could offer an opportunity to increase parental awareness. In addition, public health efforts that provide culturally sensitive information in a variety of languages may be an effective way to reach vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Wisk
- From the Truven Health Analytics and Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
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Maclean J, Rybicki EP, Williamson AL. Vaccination strategies for the prevention of cervical cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 5:97-107. [PMID: 15757442 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.5.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) is an essential step in the multistep process leading to cervical cancer. There are approximately 120 different types of HPV identified: of these, 18 are high-risk types associated with cervical cancer, with HPV-16 being the dominant type in most parts of the world. The major capsid protein of papillomavirus, produced in a number of expression systems, self assembles to form virus-like particles. Virus-like particles are the basis of the first generation of HPV vaccines presently being tested in clinical trials. Virus-like particles are highly immunogenic and afford protection from infection both in animal models and in Phase IIb clinical trials. A number of Phase III trials are in progress to determine if the vaccine will protect against cervical disease and, in some cases, genital warts. However, it is predicted that these vaccines will be too expensive for the developing world, where they are desperately needed. Another problem is that they will be type specific. Novel approaches to the production of virus-like particles in plants, second-generation vaccine approaches including viral and bacterial vaccine vectors and DNA vaccines, as well as different routes of immunization, are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Maclean
- University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Observatory Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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Kornfeld J, Byrne MM, Vanderpool R, Shin S, Kobetz E. HPV knowledge and vaccine acceptability among Hispanic fathers. J Prim Prev 2014; 34:59-69. [PMID: 23377881 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-013-0297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and vaccine acceptability in a convenience sample of immigrant Hispanic men, many of whom are parents of adolescents. Data on 189 male callers were collected from the National Cancer Institute's Cancer Information Service Spanish-language call center. Most participants were willing to vaccinate their adolescent son (87.5%) or daughter (78.8%) against HPV. However, among this sample, awareness of HPV was low and knowledge of key risk factors varied. These findings can help guide the development of culturally informed educational efforts aimed at increasing informed decision-making about HPV vaccination among Hispanic fathers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kornfeld
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Clinical Research Building, Room 910 (Locator code R669), 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Silva J, Cerqueira F, Medeiros R. Chlamydia trachomatis infection: implications for HPV status and cervical cancer. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2013; 289:715-23. [PMID: 24346121 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-013-3122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections have been identified as a major health problem concern. CT is associated with adverse effect on women reproduction and also associated with cervical hypertrophy and induction of squamous metaplasia, providing a possible relationship with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Infection by high-risk HPV types is crucial to the pathogenesis of invasive cervical cancer (ICC), but other co-variants/cofactors must be present for the development of malignancy. CT biological effect may damage the mucosal barrier, improving HPV infection, or may interfere in immune response and viral clearance supporting the persistence of HPV infection. Moreover, CT-related chronic cervical inflammation, decrease of lower genital tract antigen-presenting cells, inhibition of cell-mediated immunity, and anti-apoptotic capacity may influence the natural history of HPV infection, namely persistence progression or resolution. Although several epidemiological studies have stated a positive association involving CT and HPV-related cervical neoplastic lesions and/or cervical cancer (CC), the specific role of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of cervical neoplasia has not been completely clarified. The present review summarizes several studies on CT role in cervical cancer and suggests future research directions on HPV and CT interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Silva
- Grupo Oncologia Molecular-CI, Laboratórios Piso 4, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto FG, EPE, Rua Dr. António Bernardino Almeida, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal
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Marek E, Dergez T, D'cruz G, Bozsa S, Cseh A, Szilard I, Benczik M, Kiss I, Varszegi D, Vilagi S, Ember I, Gocze P. Human papillomavirus infections among Hungarian female sex workers. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2013; 23:65-75. [PMID: 23957436 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in cervical, oropharyngeal and anal samples of the high-risk population of Hungarian female sex workers (FSWs). HPV testing of swab specimens from FSWs (n = 34) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology was performed. Results were compared with control group (n = 52) matched for age. Questionnaires were used to obtain data regarding participants' sexual behaviour. Data were analysed using SPSS. HPV DNA was detected in at least one location in a great majority of FSWs (82.4%), compared with 46.2% of the general female population (P < 0.05). Both the cervical and the anal samples of sex workers showed higher infection rates than those of controls (64.7% vs. 34.6% and 50.0% vs. 15.4%, respectively, P < 0.05). High-risk HPV prevalence was also significantly higher in sex workers (55.9% vs. 25.0%, P < 0.05). A significantly higher proportion of FSWs had a history of genital warts (26.5% vs. 3.8%, P < 0.05). The results suggest that condom use may not result in adequate protection from HPV infection. The high infection rates among FSWs should be viewed as a priority group for HPV and cervical cancer prevention programmes since they are sources of HPV infection for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Marek
- Medical School, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
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Ortashi O, Raheel H, Khamis J. Acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccination among male university students in the United Arab Emirates. Vaccine 2013; 31:5141-4. [PMID: 23965182 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the knowledge about and acceptability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among male university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). METHODS Between June and August 2012 we approached 356 male university students from the UAE and asked them to fill out a 12-item self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS Knowledge of HPV was low among the university students who participated (32%). Less than half of the students (46%) indicated they would accept HPV vaccination, and around 30% were unsure of their decision. Safety (68%), protection of their female partner (65%) and doctor's recommendation (64%) were rated as the factors most likely to increase the uptake of HPV vaccination among participating students. The factors rated most likely to stop students from using the vaccine were fear of side effects (85%), absence of clear benefits (38%) and objections from a religious authority (25%). Marital status and sexual activity were associated with greater knowledge of HPV but not with greater acceptance of vaccination among university students in the UAE. CONCLUSION Overall acceptability of and knowledge about HPV infection and vaccination were low in a sample of male university students in the UAE. Marital status and sexual activity are associated with greater knowledge of HPV infection but have no effect on the acceptability of HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Ortashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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32
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Oral and genital HPV genotypic concordance between sexual partners. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:261-8. [PMID: 23483257 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-0959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to verify human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission and genotype concordance among heterosexual couples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one married couples were evaluated. All male subjects presented with clinically diagnosed HPV-related malignant or potentially malignant lesions and underwent peniscopy and penile swab. Their female counterparts underwent swabs of the uterine cervix and oral mucosa. HPV-DNA detection was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS HPV-DNA was detected in the penis, vagina/cervix, and oral cavity of 16 couples (51.61%). Of these, HPV-DNA concordance was observed in 14 couples (87.5%). HPV-DNA was amplified in penile and oral sites of 14 couples. Of these, 13 couples reported fellatio (92.85%), most of them (10 couples, 76.9%) without condom use. HPV-DNA concordance was observed in 7/10 of these couples (70%). The three couples (100%) who reported use of condom during fellatio were HPV-DNA discordant (p = 0.025). CONCLUSIONS Lifetime number of female sexual partners and detection of HPV-DNA in the penile mucosa are surrogate markers of exposure to HPV during marriage. Consistent use of condoms may reduce the risk of HPV transmission. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral acquisition of HPV from oro-genital contact is influenced by lack of condom use and previous sexual behavior of the male partner. In addition, oral transmission of the virus due to fellatio is as common as genital transmission.
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Lenzi A, Mirone V, Gentile V, Bartoletti R, Ficarra V, Foresta C, Mariani L, Mazzoli S, Parisi SG, Perino A, Picardo M, Zotti CM. Rome Consensus Conference - statement; human papilloma virus diseases in males. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:117. [PMID: 23391351 PMCID: PMC3642007 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a very resistant, ubiquitous virus that can survive in the environment without a host. The decision to analyse HPV-related diseases in males was due to the broad dissemination of the virus, and, above all, by the need to stress the importance of primary and secondary prevention measures (currently available for women exclusively). The objective of the Consensus Conference was to make evidence-based recommendations that were designed to facilitate the adoption of a standard approach in clinical practice in Italy. METHODS The Sponsoring Panel put a series of questions to the members of the Scientific Committee who prepared a summary of the currently available information, relevant for each question, after the review and grading of the existing scientific literature. The summaries were presented to a Jury, also called multidisciplinary Consensus Panel, who drafted a series of recommendations. RESULTS The prevalence of HPV in males ranges between 1.3-72.9%;. The prevalence curve in males is much higher than that in females and does not tend to decline with age. Women appear to have a higher probability of acquiring HPV genotypes associated with a high oncogenic risk, whereas in males the probability of acquiring low- or high-risk genotypes is similar. The HPV-related diseases that affect males are anogenital warts and cancers of the penis, anus and oropharynx. The quadrivalent vaccine against HPV has proved to be effective in preventing external genital lesions in males aged 16-26 years in 90.4%; (95%; CI: 69.2-98.1) of cases. It has also proved to be effective in preventing precancerous anal lesions in 77.5%; (95%; CI: 39.6-93.3) of cases in a per-protocol analysis and in 91.7%; (95%; CI: 44.6-99.8) of cases in a post-hoc analysis. Early ecological studies demonstrate reduction of genital warts in vaccinated females and some herd immunity in males when vaccine coverage is high, although males who have sex with males gained no benefit at all. Males with an immunodeficiency disease are at greater risk of developing disease. Infertility seems to be caused by HPV in some cases. Studies demonstrate vaccination to both genders can be more efficacious and social equity matters are to be taken into consideration. CONCLUSIONS The Jury made Recommendations based on the scientific evidence presented by the Scientific Committee. Accordingly, for prevention purposes and social fairness and equality, as both sexes are affected by the disease, the vaccination of 12-year-old males against HPV should be recommended in order to guaranty protection to everyone. Aspects related to healthcare policy and economic sustainability, are to be discussed by respective public system representatives. More campaigns to raise awareness through all institutional channels are needed, not only regarding anogenital warts, but for HPV-related diseases in general in males in accordance to new scientific evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lenzi
- Institute/Department of Endocrinology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mirone
- Institute/Department of Urology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Gentile
- Institute/Department of Urology, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, Centre for Male Gamete Cryopreservation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luciano Mariani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Mazzoli
- Centre Responsible, Sexually Transmitted Disease Centre, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Saverio G Parisi
- Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Perino
- Head of Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Picardo
- Laboratory of Skin Physiopathology San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Maria Zotti
- Department of Public Health and Microbiology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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The Role of Bacteria in Cancer Development. Infect Agent Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-5955-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Chelimo C, Wouldes TA, Cameron LD, Elwood JM. Risk factors for and prevention of human papillomaviruses (HPV), genital warts and cervical cancer. J Infect 2012; 66:207-17. [PMID: 23103285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genital HPV infection is associated with development of cervical cancer, cervical neoplasia, anogenital warts, and other anogenital cancers. A number of reviews have primarily addressed the role of HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis, and differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes found in cervical cancer cases by histology and geographical region. This review provides an informative summary of the broad body of literature on the burden of HPV, the risk factors for HPV infection, genital warts and cervical cancer, and preventive measures against these conditions in females. Studies have identified the main risk factors for genital HPV infection in females as follows: acquisition of new male partners; an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners both in females and their male partners; and having non-monogamous male partners. Cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination are the primary measures currently recommended to prevent cervical cancer. There is also an ongoing debate and conflicting findings on whether male circumcision and condom use protect against HPV infection and subsequent development of HPV-related illnesses in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chelimo
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Rositch AF, Burke AE, Viscidi RP, Silver MI, Chang K, Gravitt PE. Contributions of recent and past sexual partnerships on incident human papillomavirus detection: acquisition and reactivation in older women. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6183-90. [PMID: 23019223 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the fraction of newly detected human papillomavirus (HPV) infections due to acquisition and reactivation has important implications on screening strategies and prevention of HPV-associated neoplasia. Information on sexual activity and cervical samples for HPV DNA detection using Roche Linear Array were collected semiannually for two years from 700 women ages 35 to 60 years. Incidence and potential fraction of HPV associated with new and lifetime sexual partnerships were estimated using Poisson regression. Cox frailty models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for potential risk factors of incident HPV detection. Recent and lifetime numbers of sexual partners were both strongly associated with incident HPV detection. However, only 13% of incident detections were attributed to new sexual partners, whereas 72% were attributed to 5 or more lifetime sexual partners. Furthermore, 155 of 183 (85%) incident HPV detections occurred during periods of sexual abstinence or monogamy, and were strongly associated with cumulative lifetime sexual exposure [HR: 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.0-8.4). This association increased with increasing age. These data challenge the paradigm that incident HPV detection is driven by current sexual behavior and new viral acquisition in older women. Our observation that most incident HPV infection was attributable to past, not current, sexual behavior at older ages supports a natural history model of viral latency and reactivation. As the more highly exposed baby-boomer generation of women with sexual debut after the sexual revolution transition to menopause, the implications of HPV reactivation at older ages on cervical cancer risk and screening recommendations should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne F Rositch
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Morales R, Parada R, Giuliano AR, Cruz A, Castellsagué X, Salmerón J, Lazcano-Ponce E. HPV in female partners increases risk of incident HPV infection acquisition in heterosexual men in rural central Mexico. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:1956-65. [PMID: 22914530 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about the incidence, clearance, and factors associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in men is lacking, and much of what is available focuses on high-risk groups. METHODS A prospective cohort study was carried out with 504 heterosexual males from Mexico State, Mexico. Participants were monitored for 4 years at intervals of approximately 4 months, with a median total duration of follow-up of 19.8 months. The presence of cervical HPV in female sexual partners was evaluated as a risk factor. HPV DNA testing was conducted using the polymerase chain reaction technique. Risk factors associated with the incidence and clearance of HPV infection were evaluated through survival analysis. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of infection with any HPV type at 12 months was 15% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.12-0.20]. About 72% of men with incident HPV cleared the infection by 12 months. The presence of cervical HPV in a man's female sex partner was the main determinant for males acquiring HPV infection of any type [adjusted HR (AHR), 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-3.8] and oncogenic HPV infection (AHR, 4.1; 95% CI, 2.1-8.0), while having a history of anal sexual relations with women was statistically associated with acquiring nononcogenic HPV (AHR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.9). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPACT The incidence of genital HPV infection in this population is relatively low, with relatively quick acquisition and clearance rates. Cervical HPV infection in men's female sexual partners was the main risk factor for genital HPV infection in men.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain a better understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission dynamics between sexual partners, HPV-type-specific concordance was investigated. METHODS Twenty-nine couples were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Mean age was 30.5 years (range = 19.1-42.6 y) for men and 28.2 years (range = 19.4-44.5 y) for women. Samples were collected at the glans penis, penile shaft, and scrotum in men and at the endo/ectocervix and labia/vulva, and perineum in women. Samples were analyzed for the presence of HPV DNA first by polymerase chain reaction and then genotyped using the reverse-line blot method. RESULTS Human papillomavirus prevalence for any HPV type was 75.9% among men and 86.2% among women. Eleven men and 10 women were infected with multiple HPV types. At least partial type-specific concordance was observed in 66% of the couples. Forty-one percent of the couples had perfect concordance. In 11 couples (37.9%), complete discordance was observed. CONCLUSIONS These results provide valuable information about HPV-type-specific concordance and demonstrate the complexity of transmission dynamics in heterosexual couples.
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Mbulawa ZZA, Marais DJ, Johnson LF, Coetzee D, Williamson AL. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on the natural history of human papillomavirus genital infection in South African men and women. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:15-27. [PMID: 22517913 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated genital human papillomavirus (HPV) incidence and clearance in 278 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive (HIV-positive) women, 208 HIV-negative women, 161 HIV-positive men, and 325 HIV-negative men, followed at 6-month intervals for up to 24 months. METHODS HPV types were determined by the Roche Reverse Linear Array HPV genotyping assay. RESULTS The rate of new HPV detection at the cervix and penis were 33.83 events/1000 person-months (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.39-43.46) and 55.68 events/1000 person-months (95% CI, 43.59-69.19), respectively. HIV infection was associated with increased risk of new HPV detection in women (relative risk [RR], 2.98; 95% CI, 2.07-4.29) and men (RR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.49-2.69). The risk of new HPV detection increased in women (RR, 5.25; 95% CI, 3.52-7.81) and men (RR, 8.71; 95% CI, 6.19-12.24) when the sexual partner was infected with the same HPV type. The rate of clearing any HPV infection was 95.1 events/1000 person-months (95% CI, 83.3-108.1) in men and 66.9 events/1000 person-months (95% CI, 57.0-78.5) in women. HIV infection reduced the rate of HPV clearance in women (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, .34-.62) and men (RR, 0.71; 95% CI, .55-.93). CONCLUSIONS HIV infection increases the risk of new HPV detection and decreases the rate of HPV clearance in both women and men.
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Hartwig S, Syrjänen S, Dominiak-Felden G, Brotons M, Castellsagué X. Estimation of the epidemiological burden of human papillomavirus-related cancers and non-malignant diseases in men in Europe: a review. BMC Cancer 2012; 12:30. [PMID: 22260541 PMCID: PMC3293758 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-12-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in malignant and non-malignant genital diseases in women is well known and the corresponding epidemiological burden has been widely described. However, less is known about the role of HPV in anal, penile and head and neck cancer, and the burden of malignant and non-malignant HPV-related diseases in men. The objective of this review is to estimate the epidemiological burden of HPV-related cancers and non-malignant diseases in men in Europe. Methods The annual number of new HPV-related cancers in men in Europe was estimated using Eurostat population data and applying cancer incidence rates published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. The number of cancer cases attributable to HPV, and specifically to HPV16/18, was calculated based on the most relevant prevalence estimates. The annual number of new cases of genital warts was calculated from the most robust European studies; and latest HPV6/11 prevalence estimates were then applied. A literature review was also performed to retrieve exhaustive data on HPV infection at all anatomical sites under study, as well as incidence and prevalence of external genital warts, recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and HPV-related cancer trends in men in Europe. Results A total of 72, 694 new cancer cases at HPV-related anatomical sites were estimated to occur each year in men in Europe. 17,403 of these cancer cases could be attributable to HPV, with 15,497 of them specifically attributable to HPV16/18. In addition, between 286,682 and 325,722 new cases of genital warts attributable to HPV6/11were estimated to occur annually in men in Europe. Conclusions The overall estimated epidemiological burden of HPV-related cancers and non-malignant diseases is high in men in Europe. Approximately 30% of all new cancer cases attributable to HPV16/18 that occur yearly in Europe were estimated to occur in men. As in women, the vast majority of HPV-positive cancer in men is related to HPV16/18, while almost all HPV-related non-malignant diseases are due to HPV6/11. A substantial number of these malignant and non-malignant diseases may potentially be prevented by quadrivalent HPV vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Hartwig
- Department of Epidemiology, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, Lyon, France.
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Dawar DM, Harris MT, McNeil DS. Update on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines: An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS) National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) †. CANADA COMMUNICABLE DISEASE REPORT = RELEVE DES MALADIES TRANSMISSIBLES AU CANADA 2012; 38:1-62. [PMID: 31701955 PMCID: PMC6802461 DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v38i00a01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Schabath MB, Villa LL, Lazcano-Ponce E, Salmerón J, Quiterio M, Giuliano AR. Smoking and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the HPV in Men (HIM) study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 21:102-10. [PMID: 22016473 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of smoking on the natural history of HPV infection in men is not well understood. Smoking could influence the incidence and persistence of HPV infections by suppressing local immune function, increased cellular proliferation, upregulated proinflammatory factors, or induced host DNA damage resulting in increased susceptibility to infection. The purpose of this analysis is to assess prevalent HPV infections by smoking status in men, and to determine baseline risk of HPV infection associated with smoking. METHODS The HPV in Men (HIM) study is a multinational prospective study of the natural history of HPV infections in men. Samples from the coronal sulcus, glans penis, shaft, and scrotum were combined for HPV DNA testing. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between smoking and any-, oncogenic-, and nononcogenic HPV infections. RESULTS Our analyses revealed that current smoking was associated with an increased risk of any HPV infection (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01-1.41) and oncogenic HPV infection (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05-1.47). However, the association between smoking and any HPV infection (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.05-1.73) and oncogenic HPV infection (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.11-1.92) was only evident among men reporting fewer lifetime sexual partners. DISCUSSION These results suggest that current smokers with the fewest number of sexual partners are associated with an increased risk for oncogenic HPV infection. IMPACT The relationship between smoking and HPV infection remains understudied in men; these data shed new light on the interplay between smoking, sexual activity, and risk of HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Schabath
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Cancer Epidemiology Program, 12902 Magnolia Drive MRC-CANCONT, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Banura C, Mirembe FM, Katahoire AR, Namujju PB, Mbonye AK, Wabwire FM. Epidemiology of HPV genotypes in Uganda and the role of the current preventive vaccines: A systematic review. Infect Agent Cancer 2011; 6:11. [PMID: 21749691 PMCID: PMC3163594 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-6-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available on the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the general population and in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in Uganda. Yet, with the advent of preventive HPV vaccines that target HPV 16 and 18 responsible for causing about 70% of ICC cases in the world, such information is crucial to predict how vaccination and HPV-based screening will influence prevention of ICC. METHODS To review the distribution of HPV infection and prevalent genotypes, electronic databases (e.g. PubMed/MEDLINE and HINARI) were searched for peer reviewed English articles on HPV infection up to November 30, 2010. Eligible studies were selected according to the following criteria: DNA-confirmed cervical or male genital HPV prevalence and genotypes, HPV incidence estimates and HPV seroprevalence among participants. RESULTS Twenty studies were included in the review. Among HIV negative adult women, the prevalence of HR-HPV infections ranged from 10.2% -40.0% compared to 37.0% -100.0% among HIV positive women. Among HIV positive young women aged below 25 years, the prevalence of HR-HPV genotypes ranged from 41.6% -75.0% compared to 23.7% -67.1% among HIV negative women. Multiple infections with non vaccine HR-HPV genotypes were frequent in both HIV positive and HIV negative women. The main risk factors for prevalent HPV infections were age, lifetime number of sexual partners and HIV infection. Incident infections with HR-HPV genotypes were more frequent among adult HIV positive than HIV negative women estimated at 17.3 and 7.0 per 100 person-years, respectively. Similarly, incident HR-HPV among young women aged below 25 years were more frequent among HIV positive (40.0 per 100 person-years) than HIV negative women (20.3 per 100 person-years) women. The main risk factor for incident infection was HIV infection. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common genotypes in ICC with HPV 16/18 contributing up to 73.5% of cases with single infections.Among uncircumcised adult HIV positive males, HR-HPV prevalence ranged from 55.3% -76.6% compared to 38.6% -47.6% in HIV negative males. Incident and multiple HR-HPV infections were frequent in HIV positive males. Being uncircumcised was the main risk factor for both prevalent and incident HPV infection. CONCLUSION Infections with HR-HPV genotypes were very common particularly among HIV positive individuals and young women irrespective of HIV status. Given the high prevalence of HIV infection, HPV-associated conditions represent a major public health burden in Uganda. However, although the most common HPV genotypes in ICC cases in Uganda were those targeted by current preventive vaccines, there were a large number of individuals infected with other HR-HPV genotypes. Technology allowing, these other HR-HPV types should be considered in the development of the next generation of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecily Banura
- Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 6717, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Florence M Mirembe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala Uganda
| | - Anne R Katahoire
- Child Health and Development Centre, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P. O. Box 6717, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Proscovia B Namujju
- Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, Entebbe, Uganda
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anthony K Mbonye
- Department of Community Health Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 7272, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Fred M Wabwire
- School of Public Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda
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Reiter PL, McRee AL, Kadis JA, Brewer NT. HPV vaccine and adolescent males. Vaccine 2011; 29:5595-602. [PMID: 21704104 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In 2009, the United States approved quadrivalent HPV vaccine for males 9-26 years old, but data on vaccine uptake are lacking. We determined HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent males, as well as stage of adoption and vaccine acceptability to parents and their sons. A national sample of parents of adolescent males ages 11-17 years (n=547) and their sons (n=421) completed online surveys during August and September 2010. Analyses used multivariate linear regression. Few sons (2%) had received any doses of HPV vaccine, and most parents and sons were unaware the vaccine can be given to males. Parents with unvaccinated sons were moderately willing to get their sons free HPV vaccine (mean=3.37, SD=1.21, possible range 1-5). Parents were more willing to get their sons vaccinated if they perceived higher levels of HPV vaccine effectiveness (β=0.20) or if they anticipated higher regret about their sons not getting vaccinated and later developing an HPV infection (β=0.32). Vaccine acceptability was also modest among unvaccinated sons (mean=2.98, SD=1.13, possible range 1-5). Sons were more willing to get vaccinated if they perceived higher peer acceptance of HPV vaccine (β=0.39) or anticipated higher regret about not getting vaccinated and later developing an HPV infection (β=0.22). HPV vaccine uptake was nearly nonexistent a year after permissive national recommendations were first issued for males. Vaccine acceptability was moderate among both parents and sons. Efforts to increase vaccine uptake among adolescent males should consider the important role of peer acceptance and anticipated regret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Reiter
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440, USA.
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Reiter PL, Katz ML, Ferketich AK, Ruffin MT, Paskett ED. Measuring cervical cancer risk: development and validation of the CARE Risky Sexual Behavior Index. Cancer Causes Control 2011; 20:1865-71. [PMID: 19543986 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-009-9380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop and validate a risky sexual behavior index specific to cervical cancer research. METHODS Sexual behavior data on 428 women from the Community Awareness Resources and Education (CARE) study were utilized. A weighting scheme for eight risky sexual behaviors was generated and validated in creating the CARE Risky Sexual Behavior Index. Cutpoints were then identified to classify women as having a low, medium, or high level of risky sexual behavior. RESULTS Index scores ranged from 0 to 35, with women considered to have a low level of risky sexual behavior if their score was less than six (31.3% of sample), a medium level if their score was 6–10 (30.6%), or a high level if their score was 11 or greater (38.1%). A strong association was observed between the created categories and having a previous abnormal Pap smear test (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The CARE Risky Sexual Behavior Index provides a tool for measuring risky sexual behavior level for cervical cancer research. Future studies are needed to validate this index in varied populations and test its use in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Reiter
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Smith JS, Gilbert PA, Melendy A, Rana RK, Pimenta JM. Age-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in males: a global review. J Adolesc Health 2011; 48:540-52. [PMID: 21575812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 03/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Global data on age-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in males, especially for oncogenic HPV types 16 and 18, are essential for future efforts to prevent HPV-related diseases, including expanded access to HPV prophylactic vaccines for boys and young men. METHODS A systematic review of peer-reviewed publications was conducted to summarize worldwide data on genital HPV-DNA prevalence in men. Studies using polymerase chain reaction or hybrid capture detection assays were included. RESULTS Approximately 6,600 abstracts were identified. Of them, 64 reported age-specific HPV prevalence and were included in the review. Of these, 38 were from populations at high risk of HPV infections, such as sexually transmitted infection clinic attendees, human immunodeficiency virus-positive males, and male partners of women with HPV infection or abnormal cytology. The largest proportions of studies were from Europe (38%) and North America (25%), with smaller proportions from Central and South America (19%), Asia (11%), and Africa (5%). Across all regions, data on HPV prevalence were generally limited to men >18 years of age. HPV prevalence was high among sexually active men in all regions but with considerable variation, from 1% to 84% among low-risk men and from 2% to 93% among high-risk men. Peak HPV prevalence spanned a wide range of ages and was generally not concentrated in the younger age groups. Age-specific prevalence curves were relatively flat or declined only slightly following peak prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Genital HPV infection in men varies widely, both between and within high- and low-risk groups and by geographic region. Compared with that in women, HPV prevalence in men seems to peak at slightly older ages and remains constant or decreases slightly with increasing age, suggesting persistent HPV infection or a higher rate of reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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Louie KS, Castellsague X, de Sanjose S, Herrero R, Meijer CJ, Shah K, Munoz N, Bosch FX. Smoking and Passive Smoking in Cervical Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Couples from the IARC Multicentric Case–Control Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1379-90. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Giuliano AR, Lee JH, Fulp W, Villa LL, Lazcano E, Papenfuss MR, Abrahamsen M, Salmeron J, Anic GM, Rollison DE, Smith D. Incidence and clearance of genital human papillomavirus infection in men (HIM): a cohort study. Lancet 2011; 377:932-40. [PMID: 21367446 PMCID: PMC3231998 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(10)62342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause genital warts and cancers in men. The natural history of HPV infection in men is largely unknown, and that information is needed to inform prevention strategies. The goal in this study was to estimate incidence and clearance of type-specific genital HPV infection in men, and to assess the associated factors. METHODS Men (aged 18-70 years), residing in Brazil, Mexico, and the USA, who were HIV negative and reported no history of cancer were recruited from the general population, universities, and organised health-care systems. They were assessed every 6 months for a median follow-up of 27·5 months (18·0-31·2). Specimens from the coronal sulcus, glans penis, shaft, and scrotum were obtained for the assessment of the status of HPV genotypes. FINDINGS In 1159 men, the incidence of a new genital HPV infection was 38·4 per 1000 person months (95% CI 34·3-43·0). Oncogenic HPV infection was significantly associated with having a high number of lifetime female sexual partners (hazard ratio 2·40, 1·38-4·18, for at least 50 partners vs not more than one partner), and number of male anal-sexual partners (2·57, 1·46-4·49, for at least three male partners vs no recent partners). Median duration of HPV infection was 7·52 months (6·80-8·61) for any HPV and 12·19 months (7·16-18·17) for HPV 16. Clearance of oncogenic HPV infection decreased in men with a high number of lifetime female partners (0·49, 0·31-0·76, for at least 50 female partners vs not more than one partner), and in men in Brazil (0·71, 0·56-0·91) and Mexico (0·73, 0·57-0·94) compared with the USA. Clearance of oncogenic HPV was more rapid with increasing age (1·02, 1·01-1·03). INTERPRETATION The data from this study are useful for the development of realistic cost-effectiveness models for male HPV vaccination internationally. FUNDING National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Giuliano
- H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA. anna.giuliano@moffi tt.org
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Chelimo C, Wouldes TA, Cameron LD. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance and perceived effectiveness, and HPV infection concern among young New Zealand university students. Sex Health 2010; 7:394-6. [PMID: 20719233 DOI: 10.1071/sh10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two-hundred undergraduate students completed an anonymous questionnaire after viewing a human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine television commercial. Eight-four percent of participants would accept a free HPV vaccine, whereas 47% were unconcerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Males were less likely to accept a free HPV vaccine and to be concerned about future personal HPV infection risk. Perceived HPV vaccine effectiveness was significantly greater among participants who had previously heard of the vaccine and who knew that HPV is sexually transmitted. More education on the role of sexual behavioural characteristics of both males and females in HPV transmission is necessary to promote awareness and concern of personal HPV infection risk and acceptance of HPV vaccination.
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