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Aglago EK, Qu C, Harlid S, Phipps AI, Steinfelder RS, Ogino S, Thomas CE, Hsu L, Toland AE, Brenner H, Berndt SI, Buchanan DD, Campbell PT, Cao Y, Chan AT, Drew DA, Figueiredo JC, French AJ, Gallinger S, Georgeson P, Giannakis M, Goode EL, Gruber SB, Gunter MJ, Harrison TA, Hoffmeister M, Huang WY, Hullar MA, Huyghe JR, Jenkins MA, Lynch BM, Moreno V, Murphy N, Newton CC, Nowak JA, Obón-Santacana M, Sun W, Ugai T, Um CY, Zaidi SH, Tsilidis KK, van Guelpen B, Peters U. Folate intake and colorectal cancer risk according to genetic subtypes defined by targeted tumor sequencing. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:664-673. [PMID: 39025327 PMCID: PMC11393398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folate is involved in multiple genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic processes, and inadequate folate intake has been associated with an increased risk of cancer. OBJECTIVE We examined whether folate intake is differentially associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk according to somatic mutations in genes linked to CRC using targeted sequencing. DESIGN Participants within 2 large CRC consortia with available information on dietary folate, supplemental folic acid, and total folate intake were included. Colorectal tumor samples from cases were sequenced for the presence of nonsilent mutations in 105 genes and 6 signaling pathways (IGF2/PI3K, MMR, RTK/RAS, TGF-β, WNT, and TP53/ATM). Multinomial logistic regression models were analyzed comparing mutated/nonmutated CRC cases to controls to compute multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity of associations of mutated compared with nonmutated CRC cases was tested in case-only analyses using logistic regression. Analyses were performed separately in hypermutated and nonhypermutated tumors, because they exhibit different clinical behaviors. RESULTS We included 4339 CRC cases (702 hypermutated tumors, 16.2%) and 11,767 controls. Total folate intake was inversely associated with CRC risk (OR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.90, 0.96). Among hypermutated tumors, 12 genes (AXIN2, B2M, BCOR, CHD1, DOCK3, FBLN2, MAP3K21, POLD1, RYR1, TET2, UTP20, and ZNF521) showed nominal statistical significance (P < 0.05) for heterogeneity by mutation status, but none remained significant after multiple testing correction. Among these genetic subtypes, the associations between folate variables and CRC were mostly inverse or toward the null, except for tumors mutated for DOCK3 (supplemental folic acid), CHD1 (total folate), and ZNF521 (dietary folate) that showed positive associations. We did not observe differential associations in analyses among nonhypermutated tumors, or according to the signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS Folate intake was not differentially associated with CRC risk according to mutations in the genes explored. The nominally significant differential mutation effects observed in a few genes warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elom K Aglago
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Robert S Steinfelder
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Claire E Thomas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amy J French
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research and Center for Precision Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Meredith Aj Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and health Sciences and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | | | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Unit of Biomarkers and Susceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wei Sun
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caroline Y Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Syed H Zaidi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, School of Public Health, London, United Kingdom; Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Fan Y, Bao X, Lv X, He W, Yue J, Zou H. Predictive value of early postoperative blood lipid metabolism for anastomotic leakage after esophageal cancer surgery. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:3794-3800. [PMID: 39262761 PMCID: PMC11384402 DOI: 10.62347/vnwx7009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical value of assessing early postoperative blood lipid metabolism levels in predicting anastomotic leakage (AL) after esophageal cancer (EC) surgery. METHODS The clinical data of EC patients who underwent surgery at the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from May 2021 to May 2023 were retrospectively studied. Totally, 28 patients who developed AL were included in the AL group, while 110 patients who did not develop AL were included in the non-AL group. Outcomes compared between the two groups included clinical baseline data, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for postoperative AL. The predictive value of early postoperative blood lipid metabolism levels for AL was evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS The AL group exhibited significantly elevated levels of TC and LDL-C but significantly reduced HDL-C levels compared to the non-AL group (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in triglyceride levels between the two groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that low BMI (P=0.012; OR: 4.409; 95% CI: 1.391-13.976), comorbid hypertension (P=0.011; OR: 5.891; 95% CI: 1.492-23.259), comorbid diabetes (P=0.022; OR: 4.522; 95% CI: 1.238-16.521), low HDL-C (P=0.007; OR: 19.965; 95% CI: 2.293-173.809), and high LDL-C (P=0.012; OR: 4.321; 95% CI: 1.388-13.449) were independent risk factors for developing AL after EC surgery. The combined prediction model using TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.876, with a sensitivity of 79.09%, specificity of 85.71%, and overall accuracy of 80.44%, significantly outperforming individual lipid measurements. CONCLUSION The combined assessment of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C can effectively predict the occurrence of AL after EC surgery. For EC patients with relatively low BMI, hypertension, diabetes, relatively low HDL-C, and relatively high LDL-C, prioritizing weight management, hypertension and diabetes control, and lipid management can significantly reduce the risk of AL post-surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225001, Jinagsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Bao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225001, Jinagsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Lv
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225001, Jinagsu, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo He
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225001, Jinagsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiarui Yue
- Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225001, Jinagsu, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225001, Jinagsu, P. R. China
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Abdelmaksoud NM, Abulsoud AI, Abdelghany TM, Elshaer SS, Rizk SM, Senousy MA, Maurice NW. Uncovering SIRT3 and SHMT2-dependent pathways as novel targets for apigenin in modulating colorectal cancer: In vitro and in vivo studies. Exp Cell Res 2024; 441:114150. [PMID: 38971519 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC), identification of novel targets and treatment options are imperative for improving its prognosis and survival rates. The mitochondrial SIRT3 and SHMT2 have key roles in metabolic reprogramming and cell proliferation. This study investigated the potential use of the natural product apigenin in CRC treatment employing both in vivo and in vitro models and explored the role of SIRT3 and SHMT2 in apigenin-induced CRC apoptosis. The role of SHMT2 in CRC patients' survival was verified using TCGA database. In vivo, apigenin treatment restored the normal colon appearance. On the molecular level, apigenin augmented the immunohistochemical expression of cleaved caspase-3 and attenuated SIRT3 and SHMT2 mRNA expression CRC patients with decreased SHMT2 expression had improved overall and disease-free survival rates. In vitro, apigenin reduced the cell viability in a time-dependent manner, induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and increased the apoptotic cell population compared to the untreated control. Mechanistically, apigenin treatment mitigated the expression of SHMT2, SIRT3, and its upstream long intergenic noncoding RNA LINC01234 in CRC cells. Conclusively, apigenin induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in CRC through modulation of SIRT3-triggered mitochondrial pathway suggesting it as a promising therapeutic agent to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhan M Abdelmaksoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Desert Road, P.O. Box 3020, El Salam, 11785, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11823, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Desert Road, P.O. Box 3020, El Salam, 11785, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Tamer M Abdelghany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Desert Road, P.O. Box 3020, El Salam, 11785, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Saeid Elshaer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Desert Road, P.O. Box 3020, El Salam, 11785, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11823, Egypt
| | - Sherine Maher Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, 11786, Egypt
| | - Nadine W Maurice
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Wu PN, Liu JL, Fang MJ, Fu XS, Wei JL, Wang Y, Qian HH, Zhang D. Global trends in colorectal cancer and metabolic syndrome research: a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Int J Surg 2024; 110:3723-3733. [PMID: 38498393 PMCID: PMC11175816 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated a robust correlation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Nonetheless, no systematic analysis or visualization of relevant publications has been conducted via bibliometrics. This research, centred on 616 publications obtainable through the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC), employed CiteSpace software and VOSviewer software for correlation analyses of authors, journals, institutions, countries, keywords, and citations. The findings indicate that the Public Library of Science had the highest number of publications, while the United States, China, and South Korea were the most contributory nations. Recent years have seen the mechanisms linking Metabolic Syndrome with Colorectal Cancer, including diet, obesity, insulin resistance, and intestinal flora, remain a burgeoning research area. Furthermore, bariatric surgery appears to be a promising new area of study. This paper presents the initial bibliometric and visualization analysis of research literature concerning CRC and MetS which examines research trends and hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai-Hua Qian
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Papadimitriou N, Qu C, Harrison TA, Bever AM, Martin RM, Tsilidis KK, Newcomb PA, Thibodeau SN, Newton CC, Um CY, Obón-Santacana M, Moreno V, Brenner H, Mandic M, Chang-Claude J, Hoffmeister M, Pellatt AJ, Schoen RE, Harlid S, Ogino S, Ugai T, Buchanan DD, Lynch BM, Gruber SB, Cao Y, Hsu L, Huyghe JR, Lin Y, Steinfelder RS, Sun W, Van Guelpen B, Zaidi SH, Toland AE, Berndt SI, Huang WY, Aglago EK, Drew DA, French AJ, Georgeson P, Giannakis M, Hullar M, Nowak JA, Thomas CE, Le Marchand L, Cheng I, Gallinger S, Jenkins MA, Gunter MJ, Campbell PT, Peters U, Song M, Phipps AI, Murphy N. Body size and risk of colorectal cancer molecular defined subtypes and pathways: Mendelian randomization analyses. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105010. [PMID: 38350331 PMCID: PMC10874711 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been positively associated with most molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the magnitude and the causality of these associations is uncertain. METHODS We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to examine potential causal relationships between body size traits (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, and body fat percentage) with risks of Jass classification types and individual subtypes of CRC (microsatellite instability [MSI] status, CpG island methylator phenotype [CIMP] status, BRAF and KRAS mutations). Summary data on tumour markers were obtained from two genetic consortia (CCFR, GECCO). FINDINGS A 1-standard deviation (SD:5.1 kg/m2) increment in BMI levels was found to increase risks of Jass type 1MSI-high,CIMP-high,BRAF-mutated,KRAS-wildtype (odds ratio [OR]: 2.14, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.46, 3.13; p-value = 9 × 10-5) and Jass type 2non-MSI-high,CIMP-high,BRAF-mutated,KRAS-wildtype CRC (OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.26, 3.86; p-value = 0.005). The magnitude of these associations was stronger compared with Jass type 4non-MSI-high,CIMP-low/negative,BRAF-wildtype,KRAS-wildtype CRC (p-differences: 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). A 1-SD (SD:13.4 cm) increment in waist circumference increased risk of Jass type 3non-MSI-high,CIMP-low/negative,BRAF-wildtype,KRAS-mutated (OR 1.73, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.25; p-value = 9 × 10-5) that was stronger compared with Jass type 4 CRC (p-difference: 0.03). A higher body fat percentage (SD:8.5%) increased risk of Jass type 1 CRC (OR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.49, 4.48; p-value = 0.001), which was greater than Jass type 4 CRC (p-difference: 0.03). INTERPRETATION Body size was more strongly linked to the serrated (Jass types 1 and 2) and alternate (Jass type 3) pathways of colorectal carcinogenesis in comparison to the traditional pathway (Jass type 4). FUNDING Cancer Research UK, National Institute for Health Research, Medical Research Council, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, American Institute for Cancer Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Prevent Cancer Foundation, Victorian Cancer Agency, Swedish Research Council, Swedish Cancer Society, Region Västerbotten, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Lion's Cancer Research Foundation, Insamlingsstiftelsen, Umeå University. Full funding details are provided in acknowledgements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Papadimitriou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alaina M Bever
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christina C Newton
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caroline Y Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Unit of Biomarkers and Suceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain; ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Unit of Biomarkers and Suceptibility (UBS), Oncology Data Analytics Program (ODAP), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain; ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid 28029, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), University of Barcelona (UB), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona 08908, Spain
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marko Mandic
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew J Pellatt
- Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Harlid
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center at Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert S Steinfelder
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Syed H Zaidi
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda E Toland
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Genetics and Internal Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elom K Aglago
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - David A Drew
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy J French
- Division of Laboratory Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Peter Georgeson
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meredith Hullar
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Johnathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire E Thomas
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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6
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Karaoglan BB, Akyol C, Unal AE, Kuzu A, Savaş B, Utkan G. Relationship Between ABO Blood Group and Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancer: A Retrospective Single-Center Study. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:281-286. [PMID: 37414939 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-023-00958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cancer in both women and men. Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) CRC is a molecular subgroup and has distinct clinical and pathologic features from microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. Studies have suggested an association between hereditary antigens in ABO blood group system and the risk of developing various cancers but the relationship between blood groups and MSI-H CRC has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate this relationship and its possible effect on clinicopathological features in patients with CRC. METHODS This is a retrospective cross-sectional single-center study including pathology-confirmed CRC patients. Demographic and clinicopathological features, blood groups, and microsatellite status were examined among two groups. Microsatellite instability was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in pathology specimen. RESULTS A total of 144 patients, 72 patients with MSI-H CRC and 72 patients with MSS CRC, were included in the study. Among all patients, median age was 61.7 ± 12.9 (range 27-89) and 57.6% were male. MSI-H and MSS groups were similar in terms of age, gender distribution, and comorbidities. Patients with MSI-H CRC had significantly common O-blood group than control group (44.4% vs 18.1%, p: 0.001). In multivariate analysis, O-blood group was 4.2 times more common in the MSI-H patient group (95% CI: 1.514-11.819, p: 0.006). Also patients with MSI-H CRC were found to have significantly more right-sided, high-grade tumors and early-stage disease. CONCLUSIONS MSI-H CRC is an important subgroup in colon cancer with different molecular and clinicopathological features. It was observed that O-blood group was 4.2 times more common in MSI-H CRC. We believe that clarifying the relationship between microsatellite instability and O-blood group and its possible genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in larger studies will enable us to better understand tumor behavior and prognosis, also affect our treatment choices of these patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beliz Bahar Karaoglan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cihangir Akyol
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Ekrem Unal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Kuzu
- Department of General Surgery, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Savaş
- Department of Pathology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güngör Utkan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Watts EL, Moore SC, Gunter MJ, Chatterjee N. Adiposity and cancer: meta-analysis, mechanisms, and future perspectives. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.16.24302944. [PMID: 38405761 PMCID: PMC10889047 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.16.24302944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a recognised risk factor for many cancers and with rising global prevalence, has become a leading cause of cancer. Here we summarise the current evidence from both population-based epidemiologic investigations and experimental studies on the role of obesity in cancer development. This review presents a new meta-analysis using data from 40 million individuals and reports positive associations with 19 cancer types. Utilising major new data from East Asia, the meta-analysis also shows that the strength of obesity and cancer associations varies regionally, with stronger relative risks for several cancers in East Asia. This review also presents current evidence on the mechanisms linking obesity and cancer and identifies promising future research directions. These include the use of new imaging data to circumvent the methodological issues involved with body mass index and the use of omics technologies to resolve biologic mechanisms with greater precision and clarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor L Watts
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Shady Grove, MD, USA
| | - Steven C Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Shady Grove, MD, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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8
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Nagata M, Miyagi K, Hernandez BY, Kuwada SK. Multiethnic Trends in Early Onset Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:398. [PMID: 38254887 PMCID: PMC10814620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Current characteristics of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) in the United States have been mainly studied in Whites, African Americans, and Hispanics, but little is known in regard to EOCRC in Asians and Native Hawaiians in the US. EOCRC was examined in Hawaii's multiethnic population. Data from the Hawaii Tumor Registry was used to analyze colorectal cancer (CRC) cases diagnosed in Hawaii from 2000-2019 by subsite, age, gender, ethnicity, and stage. Ethnicity analyses were limited to 3524 CRC cases, diagnosed between 2015-2019. Average annual 5-year age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates, average annual percent change over time, and 5-year survival were evaluated. Group comparisons utilized Chi-square and binomial proportion tests. Overall CRC incidence and mortality declined and were more pronounced for colon than rectal/rectosigmoid junction cancers. Colon cancer incidence rates significantly increased 1.46-fold for cases diagnosed under 45 years of age and rectal/rectosigmoid cancers significantly increased 1.54-fold for cases 45-54 years of age. CRC incidence increased sharply for females aged 45-54 years from 2000-2009 to 2010-2019, and increases in colon and rectal/rectosigmoid cancer among individuals aged 45-54 were higher for females. Among both sexes, the increase in rectal/rectosigmoid cancer incidence for individuals under 55 years was highest for stage I cancers. Overall, the mean (SD) age of CRC diagnosis was 5-10 years earlier for Native Hawaiians (60.6 [13.3] years) compared with Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Whites, and Other Asians (p < 0.001). Native Hawaiians constituted a greater proportion of CRC diagnosed under age 55 years and, conversely, a smaller proportion of cases 55 years and older compared with Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Whites, and Other Asians. Native Hawaiians had a significantly higher CRC-related mortality rate (14.5 per 100,000 [95% CI: 12.4, 16.8]) compared with Japanese (10.7 per 100,000 [95% CI: 9.3, 12.3]) and a significantly lower CRC survival rate (62.2% [95% CI: 59.1, 65.2]) compared with Japanese (71.9% [95% CI: 69.9, 73.8]), Filipinos (71.9% [95% CI: 69.2, 74.4]), Chinese (70.2% [95% CI: 65.5, 74.4]), Whites (69.3% [95% CI: 67.1, 71.4]), and Other Asians (71.7% [95% CI: 66.2, 76.5]). In our diverse US population, Native Hawaiians contribute disproportionately to EOCRC and present 5-10 years earlier than Whites, Japanese, Chinese, and Filipinos. EOCRCs are increasing faster in females than males in Hawaii, which differs from trends in the general US population. Emerging ethnic disparities in EOCRC in the US speak to the need for studies on targeted interventions and ethnic-specific risk factors for EOCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Nagata
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (K.M.); (B.Y.H.)
| | - Kohei Miyagi
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (K.M.); (B.Y.H.)
| | - Brenda Y. Hernandez
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA; (K.M.); (B.Y.H.)
| | - Scott K. Kuwada
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
- Gastroenterology, The Queen’s Medical Center, 550 South Beretania Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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9
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Power RF, Doherty DE, Parker I, Gallagher DJ, Lowery MA, Cadoo KA. Modifiable Risk Factors and Risk of Colorectal and Endometrial Cancers in Lynch Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300196. [PMID: 38207227 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lynch syndrome is the most common hereditary cause of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Modifiable risk factors, including obesity, physical activity, alcohol intake, and smoking, are well-established in sporadic cancers but are less studied in Lynch syndrome. METHODS Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies that investigated the association between modifiable risk factors and the risk of colorectal or endometrial cancer in people with Lynch syndrome. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for colorectal and endometrial cancers were pooled using a random effects model. The protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD 42022378462), and the meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology reporting guidelines. RESULTS A total of 770 citations were reviewed. Eighteen studies were identified for qualitative synthesis, with seven colorectal cancer (CRC) studies eligible for meta-analysis. Obesity (HR, 2.38 [95% CI, 1.52 to 3.73]) was associated with increased CRC risk. There was no increased CRC risk associated with smoking (HR, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.82 to 1.32]) or alcohol intake (HR, 1.32 [95% CI, 0.97 to 1.81]). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and some dietary factors might increase risk of CRC although more studies are needed. In a qualitative synthesis of three endometrial cancer cohort studies, female hormonal risk factors and T2DM may affect the risk of endometrial cancer, but obesity was not associated with an increased risk. CONCLUSION Lifestyle recommendations related to weight and physical activity may also be relevant to cancer prevention for individuals with Lynch syndrome. Further high-quality prospective cohort studies, in particular, including endometrial cancer as an end point, are needed to inform evidence-based cancer prevention strategies in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Power
- Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Cancer Genetics Service, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Imelda Parker
- Department of Biostatistics, Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David J Gallagher
- Cancer Genetics Service, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maeve A Lowery
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen A Cadoo
- Cancer Genetics Service, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Lathigara D, Kaushal D, Wilson RB. Molecular Mechanisms of Western Diet-Induced Obesity and Obesity-Related Carcinogenesis-A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13050675. [PMID: 37233716 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to provide a narrative review of the molecular mechanisms of Western diet-induced obesity and obesity-related carcinogenesis. A literature search of the Cochrane Library, Embase and Pubmed databases, Google Scholar and the grey literature was conducted. Most of the molecular mechanisms that induce obesity are also involved in the twelve Hallmarks of Cancer, with the fundamental process being the consumption of a highly processed, energy-dense diet and the deposition of fat in white adipose tissue and the liver. The generation of crown-like structures, with macrophages surrounding senescent or necrotic adipocytes or hepatocytes, leads to a perpetual state of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperinsulinaemia, aromatase activity, activation of oncogenic pathways and loss of normal homeostasis. Metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition, HIF-1α signalling, angiogenesis and loss of normal host immune-surveillance are particularly important. Obesity-associated carcinogenesis is closely related to metabolic syndrome, hypoxia, visceral adipose tissue dysfunction, oestrogen synthesis and detrimental cytokine, adipokine and exosomal miRNA release. This is particularly important in the pathogenesis of oestrogen-sensitive cancers, including breast, endometrial, ovarian and thyroid cancer, but also 'non-hormonal' obesity-associated cancers such as cardio-oesophageal, colorectal, renal, pancreatic, gallbladder and hepatocellular adenocarcinoma. Effective weight loss interventions may improve the future incidence of overall and obesity-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvi Lathigara
- Department General Surgery, UWS, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Devesh Kaushal
- Department General Surgery, UWS, Campbelltown Hospital, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Robert Beaumont Wilson
- Department Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, UNSW, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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11
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Kaufmann M, Iaboni N, Jamzad A, Hurlbut D, Ren KYM, Rudan JF, Mousavi P, Fichtinger G, Varma S, Caycedo-Marulanda A, Nicol CJB. Metabolically Active Zones Involving Fatty Acid Elongation Delineated by DESI-MSI Correlate with Pathological and Prognostic Features of Colorectal Cancer. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040508. [PMID: 37110166 PMCID: PMC10141897 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Despite recent advances, five-year survival rates remain largely unchanged. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI) is an emerging nondestructive metabolomics-based method that retains the spatial orientation of small-molecule profiles on tissue sections, which may be validated by ‘gold standard’ histopathology. In this study, CRC samples were analyzed by DESI from 10 patients undergoing surgery at Kingston Health Sciences Center. The spatial correlation of the mass spectral profiles was compared with histopathological annotations and prognostic biomarkers. Fresh frozen sections of representative colorectal cross sections and simulated endoscopic biopsy samples containing tumour and non-neoplastic mucosa for each patient were generated and analyzed by DESI in a blinded fashion. Sections were then hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) stained, annotated by two independent pathologists, and analyzed. Using PCA/LDA-based models, DESI profiles of the cross sections and biopsies achieved 97% and 75% accuracies in identifying the presence of adenocarcinoma, using leave-one-patient-out cross validation. Among the m/z ratios exhibiting the greatest differential abundance in adenocarcinoma were a series of eight long-chain or very-long-chain fatty acids, consistent with molecular and targeted metabolomics indicators of de novo lipogenesis in CRC tissue. Sample stratification based on the presence of lympovascular invasion (LVI), a poor CRC prognostic indicator, revealed the abundance of oxidized phospholipids, suggestive of pro-apoptotic mechanisms, was increased in LVI-negative compared to LVI-positive patients. This study provides evidence of the potential clinical utility of spatially-resolved DESI profiles to enhance the information available to clinicians for CRC diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Unit, Kingston Health Sciences Center, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Natasha Iaboni
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Amoon Jamzad
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2N8, Canada
| | - David Hurlbut
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kevin Yi Mi Ren
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - John F. Rudan
- Department of Surgery, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Parvin Mousavi
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2N8, Canada
| | - Gabor Fichtinger
- School of Computing, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 2N8, Canada
| | - Sonal Varma
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Antonio Caycedo-Marulanda
- Department of Surgery, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Orlando Health Colon and Rectal Institute, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - Christopher J. B. Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University and Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
- Queen’s Cancer Research Institute, Division of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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12
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Siegel RL, Wagle NS, Cercek A, Smith RA, Jemal A. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin 2023; 73:233-254. [PMID: 36856579 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 731] [Impact Index Per Article: 731.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society provides an update of CRC statistics based on incidence from population-based cancer registries and mortality from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2023, approximately 153,020 individuals will be diagnosed with CRC and 52,550 will die from the disease, including 19,550 cases and 3750 deaths in individuals younger than 50 years. The decline in CRC incidence slowed from 3%-4% annually during the 2000s to 1% annually during 2011-2019, driven partly by an increase in individuals younger than 55 years of 1%-2% annually since the mid-1990s. Consequently, the proportion of cases among those younger than 55 years increased from 11% in 1995 to 20% in 2019. Incidence since circa 2010 increased in those younger than 65 years for regional-stage disease by about 2%-3% annually and for distant-stage disease by 0.5%-3% annually, reversing the overall shift to earlier stage diagnosis that occurred during 1995 through 2005. For example, 60% of all new cases were advanced in 2019 versus 52% in the mid-2000s and 57% in 1995, before widespread screening. There is also a shift to left-sided tumors, with the proportion of rectal cancer increasing from 27% in 1995 to 31% in 2019. CRC mortality declined by 2% annually from 2011-2020 overall but increased by 0.5%-3% annually in individuals younger than 50 years and in Native Americans younger than 65 years. In summary, despite continued overall declines, CRC is rapidly shifting to diagnosis at a younger age, at a more advanced stage, and in the left colon/rectum. Progress against CRC could be accelerated by uncovering the etiology of rising incidence in generations born since 1950 and increasing access to high-quality screening and treatment among all populations, especially Native Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Siegel
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nikita Sandeep Wagle
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrea Cercek
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert A Smith
- Early Cancer Detection Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ahmedin Jemal
- Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Colditz GA. Combined individual participant data: highest-level evidence on obesity and colorectal cancer molecular subtypes. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 115:120-121. [PMID: 36445026 PMCID: PMC9905957 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graham A Colditz
- Correspondence to: Graham A. Colditz, MD, DrPH, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave, MSC 8100-0094-02, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA (e-mail:)
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