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Pagoto SL, Conroy DE, Arroyo K, Goetz J, West AB, Mulcahy S, Waring ME. Assessment of Tanning Beds in 3 Popular Gym Chains. JAMA Netw Open 2019; 2:e1918058. [PMID: 31860102 PMCID: PMC6991224 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.18058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study examines the proportion of gyms from 3 large national chains in the United States that offer tanning services, the number of tanning beds offered by these gyms, and regional differences in the number of gyms that provide tanning services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David E. Conroy
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Kelsey Arroyo
- Department of Allied Health, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Jared Goetz
- Department of Allied Health, University of Connecticut, Storrs
| | - Ashley B. West
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park
| | - Samantha Mulcahy
- School of Health Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Molly E. Waring
- Department of Allied Health, University of Connecticut, Storrs
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Waring ME, Baker K, Peluso A, May CN, Pagoto SL. Content analysis of Twitter chatter about indoor tanning. Transl Behav Med 2019; 9:41-47. [PMID: 29474700 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Twitter may be useful for learning about indoor tanning behavior and attitudes. The objective of this study was to analyze the content of tweets about indoor tanning to determine the extent to which tweets are posted by people who tan, and to characterize the topics of tweets. We extracted 4,691 unique tweets from Twitter using the terms "tanning bed" or "tanning salon" over 7 days in March 2016. We content analyzed a random selection of 1,000 tweets, double-coding 20% of tweets (κ = 0.74, 81% agreement). Most tweets (71%) were by tanners (n = 699 individuals) and included tweets expressing positive sentiment about tanning (57%), and reports of a negative tanning experience (17%), burning (15%), or sleeping in a tanning bed (9%). Four percent of tweets were by tanning salon employees. Tweets posted by people unlikely to be tanners (15%) included tweets mocking tanners (71%) and health warnings (29%). The term "tanning bed" had higher precision for identifying individuals who engage in indoor tanning than "tanning salon"; 77% versus 45% of tweets captured by these search terms were by individuals who engaged in indoor tanning, respectively. Extrapolating to the full data set of 4,691 tweets, findings suggest that an average of 468 individuals who engage in indoor tanning can be identified by their tweets per day. The majority of tweets were from tanners and included reports of especially risky habits (e.g., burning, falling asleep). Twitter provides opportunity to identify indoor tanners and examine conversations about indoor tanning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly E Waring
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Katie Baker
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, East Tennessee State University College of Public Health, Johnson City, TN
| | - Anthony Peluso
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, East Tennessee State University College of Public Health, Johnson City, TN
| | - Christine N May
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA.,Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Sherry L Pagoto
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.,Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
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A cancer registry-based analysis on the non-white populations reveals a critical role of the female sex in early-onset melanoma. Cancer Causes Control 2018. [PMID: 29524010 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Most melanoma studies have been performed in the white population who exhibits the highest incidence rate due to their skin sensitivity to UV radiation. Previous publications have shown that young women (approximately under the menopausal age) exhibit higher incidence rates than men of the same age, and the causes are mostly attributed to their sun behavior or indoor tanning. In our recent publications, we suggested that higher risk in younger women was due to pathophysiological factors, such as hormonal impact, and thus this higher risk in young women should be shared across ethnicities regardless of their skin color or UV behavior. METHODS A total of 13,208 non-white melanoma patients from SEER and 15,226 from WHO CI5-Plus were extracted for analysis. Age-specific incidence rates, female-to-male incidence rate ratios, and p values were calculated. RESULTS As observed in the white population, younger women and older men showed higher melanoma incidence rates than their peers of the other gender in all ethnic groups. The highest female-to-male incidence rate ratios were observed in the pubescent and reproductive ages. Previously this gender discrepancy in the white population was attributed to the preference of skin tanning in young females. There is no evidence to show that darker-skinned young females adopt a similar tanning preference. Thus the age-dependent gender difference in the risk of melanoma is shared across ethnic groups and is perhaps independent of UV behavior. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the importance of gender as one of the melanoma risk factors beyond traditional UV radiation, which warrants further investigation and may provide a base for an improved prevention strategy.
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Berwick M, Doré JF. Invited Commentary: Indoor Tanning-A Melanoma Accelerator? Am J Epidemiol 2017; 185:157-159. [PMID: 28077360 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this issue of the Journal, Ghiasvand et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2017;185(3):147-156) present results from a longitudinal study of the association between indoor tanning and melanoma in a large cohort of Norwegian women. These new data further support previous findings on the damaging effects of tanning bed exposure on women, particularly young women. The authors present compelling evidence that early exposure to tanning beds advances the date of diagnosis of melanoma by at least 2 years. With a strong design and a large cohort followed for a mean of 13.7 years, this study lends additional support to previous evidence of the negative effects of tanning beds and provides further justification for stronger policy initiatives designed to reduce tanning bed use among young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Berwick
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Jean-François Doré
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR Inserm U1052 - CNRS U5286, Lyon, France
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Pagoto SL, Baker K, Griffith J, Oleski JL, Palumbo A, Walkosz BJ, Hillhouse J, Henry KL, Buller DB. Engaging Moms on Teen Indoor Tanning Through Social Media: Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2016; 5:e228. [PMID: 27899339 PMCID: PMC5147712 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.6624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Indoor tanning elevates the risk for melanoma, which is now the most common cancer in US women aged 25-29. Public policies restricting access to indoor tanning by minors to reduce melanoma morbidity and mortality in teens are emerging. In the United States, the most common policy restricting indoor tanning in minors involves parents providing either written or in person consent for the minor to purchase a tanning visit. The effectiveness of this policy relies on parents being properly educated about the harms of indoor tanning to their children. Objective This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy of a Facebook-delivered health communication intervention targeting mothers of teenage girls. The intervention will use health communication and behavioral modification strategies to reduce mothers’ permissiveness regarding their teenage daughters’ use of indoor tanning relative to an attention-control condition with the ultimate goal of reducing indoor tanning in both daughters and mothers. Methods The study is a 12-month randomized controlled trial comparing 2 conditions: an attention control Facebook private group where content will be relevant to teen health with 25% focused on prescription drug abuse, a topic unrelated to tanning; and the intervention condition will enter participants into a Facebook private group where 25% of the teen health content will be focused on indoor tanning. A cohort of 2000 mother-teen daughter dyads will be recruited to participate in this study. Only mothers will participate in the Facebook groups. Both mothers and daughters will complete measures at baseline, end of intervention (1-year) and 6 months post-intervention. Primary outcomes include mothers’ permissiveness regarding their teenage daughters’ use of indoor tanning, teenage daughters’ perception of their mothers’ permissiveness, and indoor tanning by both mothers and daughters. Results The first dyad was enrolled on March 31, 2016, and we anticipate completing this study by October 2019. Conclusions This trial will deliver social media content grounded in theory and will test it in a randomized design with state-of-the-art measures. This will contribute much needed insights on how to employ social media for health behavior change and disease prevention both for indoor tanning and other health risk behaviors and inform future social media efforts by public health and health care organizations. ClinicalTrial Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02835807; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02835807 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6mDMICcCE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry L Pagoto
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Katie Baker
- Department of Community & Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | | | - Jessica L Oleski
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ashley Palumbo
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | | | - Joel Hillhouse
- Department of Community & Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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Lee JJ, Sholl LM, Lindeman NI, Granter SR, Laga AC, Shivdasani P, Chin G, Luke JJ, Ott PA, Hodi FS, Mihm MC, Lin JY, Werchniak AE, Haynes HA, Bailey N, Liu R, Murphy GF, Lian CG. Targeted next-generation sequencing reveals high frequency of mutations in epigenetic regulators across treatment-naïve patient melanomas. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:59. [PMID: 26221190 PMCID: PMC4517542 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent developments in genomic sequencing have advanced our understanding of the mutations underlying human malignancy. Melanoma is a prototype of an aggressive, genetically heterogeneous cancer notorious for its biologic plasticity and predilection towards developing resistance to targeted therapies. Evidence is rapidly accumulating that dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation/demethylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs) may play a central role in the pathogenesis of melanoma. Therefore, we sought to characterize the frequency and nature of mutations in epigenetic regulators in clinical, treatment-naïve, patient melanoma specimens obtained from one academic institution. RESULTS Targeted next-generation sequencing for 275 known and investigative cancer genes (of which 41 genes, or 14.9 %, encoded an epigenetic regulator) of 38 treatment-naïve patient melanoma samples revealed that 22.3 % (165 of 740) of all non-silent mutations affected an epigenetic regulator. The most frequently mutated genes were BRAF, MECOM, NRAS, TP53, MLL2, and CDKN2A. Of the 40 most commonly mutated genes, 12 (30.0 %) encoded epigenetic regulators, including genes encoding enzymes involved in histone modification (MECOM, MLL2, SETD2), chromatin remodeling (ARID1B, ARID2), and DNA methylation and demethylation (TET2, IDH1). Among the 38 patient melanoma samples, 35 (92.1 %) harbored at least one mutation in an epigenetic regulator. The genes with the highest number of total UVB-signature mutations encoded epigenetic regulators, including MLL2 (100 %, 16 of 16) and MECOM (82.6 %, 19 of 23). Moreover, on average, epigenetic genes harbored a significantly greater number of UVB-signature mutations per gene than non-epigenetic genes (3.7 versus 2.4, respectively; p = 0.01). Bioinformatics analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) melanoma mutation dataset also revealed a frequency of mutations in the 41 epigenetic genes comparable to that found within our cohort of patient melanoma samples. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a high prevalence of somatic mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators, including those involved in DNA demethylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and microRNA processing. Moreover, UVB-signature mutations were found more commonly among epigenetic genes than in non-epigenetic genes. Taken together, these findings further implicate epigenetic mechanisms, particularly those involving the chromatin-remodeling enzyme MECOM/EVI1 and histone-modifying enzyme MLL2, in the pathobiology of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Lee
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Lynette M. Sholl
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Neal I. Lindeman
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Scott R. Granter
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Alvaro C. Laga
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Priyanka Shivdasani
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Gary Chin
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jason J. Luke
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Patrick A. Ott
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - F. Stephen Hodi
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Martin C. Mihm
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Jennifer Y. Lin
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Andrew E. Werchniak
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Harley A. Haynes
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Nancy Bailey
- />Melanoma Center, Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215-5450 USA
| | - Robert Liu
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - George F. Murphy
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Christine G. Lian
- />Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, EBRC Suite 401, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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