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Rauf A, Wang A, Li Y, Lian Z, Wei S, Jabbar K, Wisal M, Khan I, Khalid M, Li J. The male germ unit association is independently regulated of GUM in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e624. [PMID: 39076347 PMCID: PMC11286290 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic projections (CPs) formed by the generative and sperm cells link the male gametes with the vegetative cell (VC) nucleus, which are required to build the male germ unit (MGU) assemblage in the angiosperm pollen grain. As molecular and genetic controls underlying CP development and formation of the MGU are unknown, it was hypothesized that physical association between germ cells and the VC nucleus might be lost in germ unit malformed (gum) mutants or in those which either block generative cell (GC) division or that additionally prevent gamete differentiation. In vivo, analysis of marked cellular components demonstrated a linkage of sperm cells (SCs) and the VC nucleus in gum mutant alleles despite their increased physical separation. Similarly, for several independent classes of bicellular pollen mutants, undivided GCs were associated with the VC nucleus like GCs in wild-type pollen. We conclude that the early formation of GC CPs to establish the MGU is regulated independently of DUO1-DAZ1 and DUO3 transcription factors as well as cyclin-dependent kinase function (CDKA;1). As the absence of cytoplasmic protrusion was expected in the gum mutants in Arabidopsis, early histological studies reported temporal disappearance of cytoplasmic protrusion in several organisms. Our findings demonstrated the striking importance of live imaging to verify the broad conservation of the persistent MGU contact in all the angiosperms and its important role in successful double fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Sanya/Haikou Hainan China
- Garden Campus, Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan KP Pakistan
- Department of Genetic and Genome Biology University of Leicester UK
- Hainan Banana Healthy Seedling Propagation Engineering Research Center, Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou Hainan China
| | - Anbang Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Sanya/Haikou Hainan China
| | - Yujia Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Sanya/Haikou Hainan China
| | - Zhihao Lian
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Sanya/Haikou Hainan China
| | - Shouxing Wei
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Sanya/Haikou Hainan China
| | | | - Muhammad Wisal
- Garden Campus, Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan KP Pakistan
| | - Ikramullah Khan
- Garden Campus, Department of Botany Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan KP Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mathematics and Technology Wenzhou-Kean University Wenzhou China
| | - Jingyang Li
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Tropical Crop Genetic Resources Institute Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Sanya/Haikou Hainan China
- Hainan Banana Healthy Seedling Propagation Engineering Research Center, Haikou Experimental Station Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences Haikou Hainan China
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Choi J, Gehring M. CRWN nuclear lamina components maintain the H3K27me3 landscape and promote successful reproduction in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:213-228. [PMID: 38715414 PMCID: PMC11162254 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis lamin analogs CROWDED NUCLEIs (CRWNs) are necessary to maintain nuclear structure, genome function, and proper plant growth. However, whether and how CRWNs impact reproduction and genome-wide epigenetic modifications is unknown. Here, we investigate the role of CRWNs during the development of gametophytes, seeds, and endosperm, using genomic and epigenomic profiling methods. We observed defects in crwn mutant seeds including seed abortion and reduced germination rate. Quadruple crwn null genotypes were rarely transmitted through gametophytes. Because defects in seeds often stem from abnormal endosperm development, we focused on crwn1 crwn2 (crwn1/2) endosperm. These mutant seeds exhibited enlarged chalazal endosperm cysts and increased expression of stress-related genes and the MADS-box transcription factor PHERES1 and its targets. Previously, it was shown that PHERES1 expression is regulated by H3K27me3 and that CRWN1 interacts with the PRC2 interactor PWO1. Thus, we tested whether crwn1/2 alters H3K27me3 patterns. We observed a mild loss of H3K27me3 at several hundred loci, which differed between endosperm and leaves. These data indicate that CRWNs are necessary to maintain the H3K27me3 landscape, with tissue-specific chromatin and transcriptional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsik Choi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Mary Gehring
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge MA 02142
- Dept. of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
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3
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Cao Y, Yan H, Sheng M, Liu Y, Yu X, Li Z, Xu W, Su Z. Nuclear lamina component KAKU4 regulates chromatin states and transcriptional regulation in the Arabidopsis genome. BMC Biol 2024; 22:80. [PMID: 38609974 PMCID: PMC11015597 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01882-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear lamina links the nuclear membrane to chromosomes and plays a crucial role in regulating chromatin states and gene expression. However, current knowledge of nuclear lamina in plants is limited compared to animals and humans. RESULTS This study mainly focused on elucidating the mechanism through which the putative nuclear lamina component protein KAKU4 regulates chromatin states and gene expression in Arabidopsis leaves. Thus, we constructed a network using the association proteins of lamin-like proteins, revealing that KAKU4 is strongly associated with chromatin or epigenetic modifiers. Then, we conducted ChIP-seq technology to generate global epigenomic profiles of H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K9me2 in Arabidopsis leaves for mutant (kaku4-2) and wild-type (WT) plants alongside RNA-seq method to generate gene expression profiles. The comprehensive chromatin state-based analyses indicate that the knockdown of KAKU4 has the strongest effect on H3K27me3, followed by H3K9me2, and the least impact on H3K4me3, leading to significant changes in chromatin states in the Arabidopsis genome. We discovered that the knockdown of the KAKU4 gene caused a transition between two types of repressive epigenetics marks, H3K9me2 and H3K27me3, in some specific PLAD regions. The combination analyses of epigenomic and transcriptomic data between the kaku4-2 mutant and WT suggested that KAKU4 may regulate key biological processes, such as programmed cell death and hormone signaling pathways, by affecting H3K27me3 modification in Arabidopsis leaves. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results indicated that KAKU4 is directly and/or indirectly associated with chromatin/epigenetic modifiers and demonstrated the essential roles of KAKU4 in regulating chromatin states, transcriptional regulation, and diverse biological processes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minghao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Cao Y, Yan H, Sheng M, Liu Y, Yu X, Li Z, Xu W, Su Z. KAKU4 regulates leaf senescence through modulation of H3K27me3 deposition in the Arabidopsis genome. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:177. [PMID: 38448830 PMCID: PMC10919013 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Lamins are the major components of the nuclear lamina, which regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. KAKU4 is a unique nuclear lamina component in the nuclear periphery, modulates nuclear shape and size in Arabidopsis. The knowledge about the regulatory role of KAKU4 in leaf development remains limited. Here we found that knockdown of KAKU4 resulted in an accelerated leaf senescence phenotype, with elevated levels of H2O2 and hormones, particularly SA, JA, and ABA. Our results demonstrated the importance of KAKU4 as a potential negative regulator in age-triggered leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, we conducted combination analyses of transcriptomic and epigenomic data for the kaku4 mutant and WT leaves. The knockdown of KAKU4 lowered H3K27me3 deposition in the up-regulated genes associated with hormone pathways, programmed cell death, and leaf senescence, including SARD1, SAG113/HAI1, PR2, and so forth. In addition, we found the functional crosstalks between KAKU4 and its associated proteins (CRWN1/4, PNET2, GBPL3, etc.) through comparing multiple transcriptome datasets. Overall, our results indicated that KAKU4 may inhibit the expression of a series of genes related to hormone signals and H2O2 metabolism by affecting the deposition of H3K27me3, thereby suppressing leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hengyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Minghao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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5
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Mermet S, Voisin M, Mordier J, Dubos T, Tutois S, Tuffery P, Baroux C, Tamura K, Probst AV, Vanrobays E, Tatout C. Evolutionarily conserved protein motifs drive interactions between the plant nucleoskeleton and nuclear pores. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4284-4303. [PMID: 37738557 PMCID: PMC10689174 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoskeleton forms a filamentous meshwork under the nuclear envelope and contributes to the regulation of nuclear shape and gene expression. To understand how the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) nucleoskeleton physically connects to the nuclear periphery in plants, we investigated the Arabidopsis nucleoskeleton protein KAKU4 and sought for functional regions responsible for its localization at the nuclear periphery. We identified 3 conserved peptide motifs within the N-terminal region of KAKU4, which are required for intermolecular interactions of KAKU4 with itself, interaction with the nucleoskeleton protein CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN), localization at the nuclear periphery, and nuclear elongation in differentiated tissues. Unexpectedly, we find these motifs to be present also in NUP82 and NUP136, 2 plant-specific nucleoporins from the nuclear pore basket. We further show that NUP82, NUP136, and KAKU4 have a common evolutionary history predating nonvascular land plants with KAKU4 mainly localizing outside the nuclear pore suggesting its divergence from an ancient nucleoporin into a new nucleoskeleton component. Finally, we demonstrate that both NUP82 and NUP136, through their shared N-terminal motifs, interact with CRWN and KAKU4 proteins revealing the existence of a physical continuum between the nuclear pore and the nucleoskeleton in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mermet
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maxime Voisin
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joris Mordier
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tristan Dubos
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Tutois
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Tuffery
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM ERL U1133, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Célia Baroux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Aline V Probst
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Vanrobays
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Tatout
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Choi J, Gehring M. CRWN nuclear lamina components maintain the H3K27me3 landscape and promote successful reproduction in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560721. [PMID: 37873406 PMCID: PMC10592970 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear lamina, a sub-nuclear protein matrix, maintains nuclear structure and genome function. Here, we investigate the role of Arabidopsis lamin analogs CROWDED NUCLEIs during gametophyte and seed development. We observed defects in crwn mutant seeds, including seed abortion and reduced germination rate. Quadruple crwn null genotypes were rarely transmitted through gametophytes. We focused on the crwn1 crwn2 (crwn1/2) endosperm, which exhibited enlarged chalazal cysts and increased expression of stress-related genes and the MADS-box transcription factor PHERES1 and its targets. Previously, it was shown that PHERES1 is regulated by H3K27me3 and that CRWN1 interacts with the PRC2 interactor PWO1. Thus, we tested whether crwn1/2 alters H3K27me3 patterns. We observed a mild loss of H3K27me3 at several hundred loci, which differed between endosperm and leaves. These data indicate that CRWNs are necessary to maintain the H3K27me3 landscape, with tissue-specific chromatin and transcriptional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsik Choi
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge MA 02142
| | - Mary Gehring
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge MA 02142
- Dept. of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge MA 02139
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Collins PP, Broad RC, Yogeeswaran K, Varsani A, Poole AM, Collings DA. Characterisation of the trans-membrane nucleoporins GP210 and NDC1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111719. [PMID: 37116717 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear pore is structurally conserved across eukaryotes as are many of the pore's constituent proteins. The transmembrane nuclear pore proteins GP210 and NDC1 span the nuclear envelope holding the nuclear pore in place. Orthologues of GP210 and NDC1 in Arabidopsis were investigated through characterisation of T-DNA insertional mutants. While the T-DNA insert into GP210 reduced expression of the gene, the insert in the NDC1 gene resulted in increased expression in both the ndc1 mutant as well as the ndc1/gp210 double mutant. The ndc1 and gp210 individual mutants showed little phenotypic difference from wild-type plants, but the ndc1/gp210 mutant showed a range of phenotypic effects. As with many plant nuclear pore protein mutants, these effects included non-nuclear phenotypes such as reduced pollen viability, reduced growth and glabrous leaves in mature plants. Importantly, however, ndc1/gp210 exhibited nuclear-specific effects including modifications to nuclear shape in different cell types. We also observed functional changes to nuclear transport in ndc1/gp210 plants, with low levels of cytoplasmic fluorescence observed in cells expressing nuclear-targeted GFP. The lack of phenotypes in individual insertional lines, and the relatively mild phenotype suggests that additional transmembrane nucleoporins, such as the recently-discovered CPR5, likely compensate for their loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Collins
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Ronan C Broad
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Krithika Yogeeswaran
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Arvind Varsani
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Anthony M Poole
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David A Collings
- Biomolecular Interaction Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand; School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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8
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Rauf A, Khatab H, Borg M, Twell D. Genetic control of generative cell shape by DUO1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023:10.1007/s00497-023-00462-x. [PMID: 37022491 PMCID: PMC10363056 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The main features of generative cell morphogenesis, formation of a cytoplasmic projection and elongation of the GC body, operate through independent genetic pathways. Male gametogenesis in developing angiosperm pollen involves distinctive changes in cell morphogenesis. Re-shaping and elongation of the generative cell (GC) are linked to the formation of a GC cytoplasmic projection connected to the vegetative cell nucleus. Although genetic control of GC morphogenesis is unknown, we suspected the involvement of the germline-specific MYB transcription factor DUO POLLEN1 (DUO1). We used light and fluorescence microscopy to examine male germline development in pollen of wild-type Arabidopsis and in four allelic duo1 mutants expressing introduced cell markers. Our analysis shows that the undivided GC in duo1 pollen forms a cytoplasmic projection, but the cell body fails to elongate. In contrast GCs of cyclin-dependent kinase function mutants, which fail to divide like duo1 mutants, achieve normal morphogenesis. We conclude that DUO1 has an essential role in the elongation of the GC, but DUO1-independent pathways control the development of the GC cytoplasmic projection. The two main features of GC morphogenesis therefore operate through independently regulated genetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Botany, Garden Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hoda Khatab
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Omar Al-Mukhtar, Al-Baida, Libya
| | - Michael Borg
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
- Department of Algal Development and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Twell
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
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Cai G. The legacy of kinesins in the pollen tube thirty years later. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2022; 79:8-19. [PMID: 35766009 PMCID: PMC9542081 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The pollen tube is fundamental in the reproduction of seed plants. Particularly in angiosperms, we now have much information about how it grows, how it senses extracellular signals, and how it converts them into a directional growth mechanism. The expansion of the pollen tube is also related to dynamic cytoplasmic processes based on the cytoskeleton (such as polymerization/depolymerization of microtubules and actin filaments) or motor activity along with the two cytoskeletal systems and is dependent on motor proteins. While a considerable amount of information is available for the actomyosin system in the pollen tube, the role of microtubules in the transport of organelles or macromolecular structures is still quite uncertain despite that 30 years ago the first work on the presence of kinesins in the pollen tube was published. Since then, progress has been made in elucidating the role of kinesins in plant cells. However, their role within the pollen tube is still enigmatic. In this review, I will postulate some roles of kinesins in the pollen tube 30 years after their initial discovery based on information obtained in other plant cells in the meantime. The most concrete hypotheses predict that kinesins in the pollen tube enable the short movement of specific organelles or contribute to generative cell or sperm cell transport, as well as mediate specific steps in the process of endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università di Siena, via Mattioli 4, Siena, Italy
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10
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Tamura K, Ueda H, Hara-Nishimura I. In vitro assembly of nuclear envelope in tobacco cultured cells. Nucleus 2021; 12:82-89. [PMID: 34030583 PMCID: PMC8158034 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2021.1930681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The coordinated regulation of the nucelar envelope (NE) reassembly during cell division is an essential event. However, there is little information on the molecular components involved in NE assembly in plant cells. Here we developed an in vitro assay of NE assembly using tobacco BY-2 cultured cells. To start the NE assembly reaction, the demembranated nuclei and the S12 fraction (cytosol and microsomes) were mixed in the presence of GTP and ATP nucleotides. Time-course analysis indicated that tubule structures were extended from the microsomal vesicles that accumulated on the demembranated nuclei, and finally sealed the NE. Immunofluorescence confirmed that the assembled membrane contains a component of nuclear pore complex. The efficiency of the NE assembly is significantly inhibited by GTPγS that suppresses membrane fusion. This in-vitro assay system may elucidate the role of specific proteins and provide important insights into the molecular machinery of NE assembly in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Haruko Ueda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
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11
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Huang J, Dong J, Qu LJ. From birth to function: Male gametophyte development in flowering plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102118. [PMID: 34625367 PMCID: PMC9039994 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Male germline development in flowering plants involves two distinct and successive phases, microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, which involve one meiosis followed by two rounds of mitosis. Many aspects of distinctions after mitosis between the vegetative cell and the male germ cells are seen, from morphology to structure, and the differential functions of the two cell types in the male gametophyte are differentially needed and required for double fertilization. The two sperm cells, carriers of the hereditary substances, depend on the vegetative cell/pollen tube to be delivered to the female gametophyte for double fertilization. Thus, the intercellular communication and coordinated activity within the male gametophyte probably represent the most subtle regulation in flowering plants to guarantee the success of reproduction. This review will focus on what we have known about the differentiation process and the functional diversification of the vegetative cell and the male germ cell, the most crucial cell types for plant fertility and crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China; The National Plant Gene Research Center (Beijing), Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Singh G, Pereira D, Baudrey S, Hoffmann E, Ryckelynck M, Asnacios A, Chabouté ME. Real-time tracking of root hair nucleus morphodynamics using a microfluidic approach. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:303-313. [PMID: 34562320 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs (RHs) are tubular extensions of root epidermal cells that favour nutrient uptake and microbe interactions. RHs show a fast apical growth, constituting a unique single cell model system for analysing cellular morphodynamics. In this context, live cell imaging using microfluidics recently developed to analyze root development is appealing, although high-resolution imaging is still lacking to enable an investigation of the accurate spatiotemporal morphodynamics of organelles. Here, we provide a powerful coverslip based microfluidic device (CMD) that enables us to capture high resolution confocal imaging of Arabidopsis RH development with real-time monitoring of nuclear movement and shape changes. To validate the setup, we confirmed the typical RH growth rates and the mean nuclear positioning previously reported with classical methods. Moreover, to illustrate the possibilities offered by the CMD, we have compared the real-time variations in the circularity, area and aspect ratio of nuclei moving in growing and mature RHs. Interestingly, we observed higher aspect ratios in the nuclei of mature RHs, correlating with higher speeds of nuclear migration. This observation opens the way for further investigations of the effect of mechanical constraints on nuclear shape changes during RH growth and nuclear migration and its role in RH and plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - David Pereira
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS et Université de Paris, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Stéphanie Baudrey
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Elise Hoffmann
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
| | - Michael Ryckelynck
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Atef Asnacios
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, UMR 7057, CNRS et Université de Paris, Paris, 75013, France
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, 67084, France
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13
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You C, Zhang Y, Yang S, Wang X, Yao W, Jin W, Wang W, Hu X, Yang H. Proteomic Analysis of Generative and Vegetative Nuclei Reveals Molecular Characteristics of Pollen Cell Differentiation in Lily. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641517. [PMID: 34163497 PMCID: PMC8215658 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the cell fates of a vegetative cell (VC) and generative cell (GC) are determined after the asymmetric division of the haploid microspore. The VC exits the cell cycle and grows a pollen tube, while the GC undergoes further mitosis to produce two sperm cells for double fertilization. However, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying their fate differentiation remains limited. One major advantage of the nuclear proteome analysis is that it is the only method currently able to uncover the systemic differences between VC and GC due to GC being engulfed within the cytoplasm of VC, limiting the use of transcriptome. Here, we obtained pure preparations of the vegetative cell nuclei (VNs) and generative cell nuclei (GNs) from germinating lily pollens. Utilizing these high-purity VNs and GNs, we compared the differential nucleoproteins between them using state-of-the-art quantitative proteomic techniques. We identified 720 different amount proteins (DAPs) and grouped the results in 11 fate differentiation categories. Among them, we identified 29 transcription factors (TFs) and 10 cell fate determinants. Significant differences were found in the molecular activities of vegetative and reproductive nuclei. The TFs in VN mainly participate in pollen tube development. In comparison, the TFs in GN are mainly involved in cell differentiation and male gametogenesis. The identified novel TFs may play an important role in cell fate differentiation. Our data also indicate differences in nuclear pore complexes and epigenetic modifications: more nucleoporins synthesized in VN; more histone variants and chaperones; and structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins, chromatin remodelers, and DNA methylation-related proteins expressed in GN. The VC has active macromolecular metabolism and mRNA processing, while GC has active nucleic acid metabolism and translation. Moreover, the members of unfolded protein response (UPR) and programmed cell death accumulate in VN, and DNA damage repair is active in GN. Differences in the stress response of DAPs in VN vs. GN were also found. This study provides a further understanding of pollen cell differentiation mechanisms and also a sound basis for future studies of the molecular mechanisms behind cell fate differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen You
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - YuPing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - ShaoYu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - WeiHuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - XiuLi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Evans DE, Mermet S, Tatout C. Advancing knowledge of the plant nuclear periphery and its application for crop science. Nucleus 2021; 11:347-363. [PMID: 33295233 PMCID: PMC7746251 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1838697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we explore recent advances in knowledge of the structure and dynamics of the plant nuclear envelope. As a paradigm, we focused our attention on the Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex, a structurally conserved bridging complex comprising SUN domain proteins in the inner nuclear membrane and KASH domain proteins in the outer nuclear membrane. Studies have revealed that this bridging complex has multiple functions with structural roles in positioning the nucleus within the cell, conveying signals across the membrane and organizing chromatin in the 3D nuclear space with impact on gene transcription. We also provide an up-to-date survey in nuclear dynamics research achieved so far in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana that highlights its potential impact on several key plant functions such as growth, seed maturation and germination, reproduction and response to biotic and abiotic stress. Finally, we bring evidences that most of the constituents of the LINC Complex and associated components are, with some specificities, conserved in monocot and dicot crop species and are displaying very similar functions to those described for Arabidopsis. This leads us to suggest that a better knowledge of this system and a better account of its potential applications will in the future enhance the resilience and productivity of crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Evans
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University , Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Mermet
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Tatout
- GReD, CNRS, INSERM, Université Clermont Auvergne , Clermont-Ferrand, France
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15
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He H, Yu F, Shen W, Chen K, Zhang L, Lou S, Zhang Q, Chen S, Yuan X, Jia X, Zhou Y. The Novel Key Genes of Non-obstructive Azoospermia Affect Spermatogenesis: Transcriptomic Analysis Based on RNA-Seq and scRNA-Seq Data. Front Genet 2021; 12:608629. [PMID: 33732283 PMCID: PMC7959792 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.608629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the most important causes of male infertility. It is mainly characterized by the absence of sperm in semen repeatedly or the number of sperm is small and not fully developed. At present, its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. The goal of this study is to identify hub genes that might affect biomarkers related to spermatogenesis. Using the clinically significant transcriptome and single-cell sequencing data sets on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, we identified candidate hub genes related to spermatogenesis. Based on them, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analyses, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), cell cluster analysis, and pseudo-chronological analysis. We identified a total of 430 differentially expressed genes, of which three have not been reported related to spermatogenesis (C22orf23, TSACC, and TTC25), and the expression of these three hub genes was different in each type of sperm cells. The results of the pseudo-chronological analysis of the three hub genes indicated that TTC25 was in a low expression state during the whole process of sperm development, while the expression of C22orf23 had two fluctuations in the differentiating spermatogonia and late primary spermatocyte stages, and TSACC showed an upward trend from the spermatogonial stem cell stage to the spermatogenesis stage. Our research found that the three hub genes were different in the trajectory of sperm development, indicating that they might play important roles in different sperm cells. This result is of great significance for revealing the pathogenic mechanism of NOA and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihong He
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wang Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jiangmen TCM Hospital of Ji'nan University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Keyan Chen
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuang Lou
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaomin Zhang
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siping Chen
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinhua Yuan
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingwang Jia
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, Clinical Laboratory Medical Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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16
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McKenna JF, Gumber HK, Turpin ZM, Jalovec AM, Kartick AC, Graumann K, Bass HW. Maize ( Zea mays L.) Nucleoskeletal Proteins Regulate Nuclear Envelope Remodeling and Function in Stomatal Complex Development and Pollen Viability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:645218. [PMID: 33679862 PMCID: PMC7925898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.645218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the nuclear envelope (NE) encloses chromatin and separates it from the rest of the cell. The Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex physically bridges across the NE, linking nuclear and cytoplasmic components. In plants, these LINC complexes are beginning to be ascribed roles in cellular and nuclear functions, including chromatin organization, regulation of nuclei shape and movement, and cell division. Homologs of core LINC components, KASH and SUN proteins, have previously been identified in maize. Here, we characterized the presumed LINC-associated maize nucleoskeletal proteins NCH1 and NCH2, homologous to members of the plant NMCP/CRWN family, and MKAKU41, homologous to AtKAKU4. All three proteins localized to the nuclear periphery when transiently and heterologously expressed as fluorescent protein fusions in Nicotiana benthamiana. Overexpression of MKAKU41 caused dramatic changes in the organization of the nuclear periphery, including nuclear invaginations that stained positive for non-nucleoplasmic markers of the inner and outer NE membranes, and the ER. The severity of these invaginations was altered by changes in LINC connections and the actin cytoskeleton. In maize, MKAKU41 appeared to share genetic functions with other LINC components, including control of nuclei shape, stomatal complex development, and pollen viability. Overall, our data show that NCH1, NCH2, and MKAKU41 have characteristic properties of LINC-associated plant nucleoskeletal proteins, including interactions with NE components suggestive of functions at the nuclear periphery that impact the overall nuclear architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F. McKenna
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Hardeep K. Gumber
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Zachary M. Turpin
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Alexis M. Jalovec
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Andre C. Kartick
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Katja Graumann, ; Hank W. Bass,
| | - Hank W. Bass
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Katja Graumann, ; Hank W. Bass,
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17
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Goto C, Hara-Nishimura I, Tamura K. Regulation and Physiological Significance of the Nuclear Shape in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:673905. [PMID: 34177991 PMCID: PMC8222917 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.673905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The shape of plant nuclei varies among different species, tissues, and cell types. In Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, nuclei in meristems and guard cells are nearly spherical, whereas those of epidermal cells in differentiated tissues are elongated spindle-shaped. The vegetative nuclei in pollen grains are irregularly shaped in angiosperms. In the past few decades, it has been revealed that several nuclear envelope (NE) proteins play the main role in the regulation of the nuclear shape in plants. Some plant NE proteins that regulate nuclear shape are also involved in nuclear or cellular functions, such as nuclear migration, maintenance of chromatin structure, gene expression, calcium and reactive oxygen species signaling, plant growth, reproduction, and plant immunity. The shape of the nucleus has been assessed both by labeling internal components (for instance chromatin) and by labeling membranes, including the NE or endoplasmic reticulum in interphase cells and viral-infected cells of plants. Changes in NE are correlated with the formation of invaginations of the NE, collectively called the nucleoplasmic reticulum. In this review, what is known and what is unknown about nuclear shape determination are presented, and the physiological significance of the control of the nuclear shape in plants is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Kentaro Tamura
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kentaro Tamura,
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18
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Groves NR, Biel A, Moser M, Mendes T, Amstutz K, Meier I. Recent advances in understanding the biological roles of the plant nuclear envelope. Nucleus 2020; 11:330-346. [PMID: 33161800 PMCID: PMC7746247 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2020.1846836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional organization of the plant nuclear envelope is gaining increasing attention through new connections made between nuclear envelope-associated proteins and important plant biological processes. Animal nuclear envelope proteins play roles in nuclear morphology, nuclear anchoring and movement, chromatin tethering and mechanical signaling. However, how these roles translate to functionality in a broader biological context is often not well understood. A surprising number of plant nuclear envelope-associated proteins are plant-unique, suggesting that separate functionalities evolved after the split of Opisthokonta and Streptophyta. Significant progress has now been made in discovering broader biological roles of plant nuclear envelope proteins, increasing the number of known plant nuclear envelope proteins, and connecting known proteins to chromatin organization, gene expression, and the regulation of nuclear calcium. The interaction of viruses with the plant nuclear envelope is another emerging theme. Here, we survey the recent developments in this still relatively new, yet rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Reid Groves
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alecia Biel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Morgan Moser
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tyler Mendes
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Katelyn Amstutz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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19
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Abstract
Arabidopsis stomatal development requires asymmetric cell division, where the nucleus moves to the division site based on cellular polarity cues. A new study reveals the role of distinct cytoskeletal networks, both guided by the polarity factor BASL, for nuclear movement before and after division.
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