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Perron N, Kirst M, Chen S. Bringing CAM photosynthesis to the table: Paving the way for resilient and productive agricultural systems in a changing climate. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100772. [PMID: 37990498 PMCID: PMC10943566 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Modern agricultural systems are directly threatened by global climate change and the resulting freshwater crisis. A considerable challenge in the coming years will be to develop crops that can cope with the consequences of declining freshwater resources and changing temperatures. One approach to meeting this challenge may lie in our understanding of plant photosynthetic adaptations and water use efficiency. Plants from various taxa have evolved crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM), a water-conserving adaptation of photosynthetic carbon dioxide fixation that enables plants to thrive under semi-arid or seasonally drought-prone conditions. Although past research on CAM has led to a better understanding of the inner workings of plant resilience and adaptation to stress, successful introduction of this pathway into C3 or C4 plants has not been reported. The recent revolution in molecular, systems, and synthetic biology, as well as innovations in high-throughput data generation and mining, creates new opportunities to uncover the minimum genetic tool kit required to introduce CAM traits into drought-sensitive crops. Here, we propose four complementary research avenues to uncover this tool kit. First, genomes and computational methods should be used to improve understanding of the nature of variations that drive CAM evolution. Second, single-cell 'omics technologies offer the possibility for in-depth characterization of the mechanisms that trigger environmentally controlled CAM induction. Third, the rapid increase in new 'omics data enables a comprehensive, multimodal exploration of CAM. Finally, the expansion of functional genomics methods is paving the way for integration of CAM into farming systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Perron
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Matias Kirst
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA; School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA.
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
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2
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Luján M, Leverett A, Winter K. Forty years of research into crassulacean acid metabolism in the genus Clusia: anatomy, ecophysiology and evolution. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 132:739-752. [PMID: 36891814 PMCID: PMC10799992 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Clusia is the only genus containing dicotyledonous trees with a capacity to perform crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). Since the discovery of CAM in Clusia 40 years ago, several studies have highlighted the extraordinary plasticity and diversity of life forms, morphology and photosynthetic physiology of this genus. In this review, we revisit aspects of CAM photosynthesis in Clusia and hypothesize about the timing, the environmental conditions and potential anatomical characteristics that led to the evolution of CAM in the group. We discuss the role of physiological plasticity in influencing species distribution and ecological amplitude in the group. We also explore patterns of allometry of leaf anatomical traits and their correlations with CAM activity. Finally, we identify opportunities for further research on CAM in Clusia, such as the role of elevated nocturnal accumulation of citric acid, and gene expression in C3-CAM intermediate phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Luján
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Alistair Leverett
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Republic of Panama
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3
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Miszalski Z, Kaszycki P, Śliwa-Cebula M, Kaczmarczyk A, Gieniec M, Supel P, Kornaś A. Plasticity of Plantago lanceolata L. in Adaptation to Extreme Environmental Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13605. [PMID: 37686411 PMCID: PMC10487448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at characterizing some adaptive changes in Plantago lanceolata L. exposed to harsh conditions of a desert-like environment generating physiological stress of limited water availability and exposure to strong light. It was clearly shown that the plants were capable of adapting their root system and vascular tissues to enable efficient vegetative performance. Soil analyses, as well as nitrogen isotope discrimination data show that P. lanceolata leaves in a desert-like environment had better access to nitrogen (nitrite/nitrate) and were able to fix it efficiently, as compared to the plants growing in the surrounding forest. The arbuscular mycorrhiza was also shown to be well-developed, and this was accompanied by higher bacterial frequency in the root zone, which might further stimulate plant growth. A closer look at the nitrogen content and leaf veins with a higher number of vessels and a greater vessel diameter made it possible to define the changes developed by the plants populating sandy habitats as compared with the vegetation sites located in the nearby forest. A determination of the photosynthesis parameters indicates that the photochemical apparatus in P. lanceolata inhabiting the desert areas adapted slightly to the desert-like environment and the time of day, with some changes of the reaction center (RC) size (photosystem II, PSII), while the plants' photochemical activity was at a similar level. No differences between the two groups of plants were observed in the dissipation of light energy. The exposure of plants to harsh conditions of a desert-like environment increased the water use efficiency (WUE) value in parallel with possible stimulation of the β-carboxylation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Miszalski
- The W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; (Z.M.); (A.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Paweł Kaszycki
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (M.Ś.-C.); (P.S.)
| | - Marta Śliwa-Cebula
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (M.Ś.-C.); (P.S.)
| | - Adriana Kaczmarczyk
- The W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; (Z.M.); (A.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Miron Gieniec
- The W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; (Z.M.); (A.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Paulina Supel
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland; (P.K.); (M.Ś.-C.); (P.S.)
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pedagogical University of Krakow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
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Parise AG, Oliveira TFDC, Debono MW, Souza GM. The Electrome of a Parasitic Plant in a Putative State of Attention Increases the Energy of Low Band Frequency Waves: A Comparative Study with Neural Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2005. [PMID: 37653922 PMCID: PMC10224360 DOI: 10.3390/plants12102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Selective attention is an important cognitive phenomenon that allows organisms to flexibly engage with certain environmental cues or activities while ignoring others, permitting optimal behaviour. It has been proposed that selective attention can be present in many different animal species and, more recently, in plants. The phenomenon of attention in plants would be reflected in its electrophysiological activity, possibly being observable through electrophytographic (EPG) techniques. Former EPG time series obtained from the parasitic plant Cuscuta racemosa in a putative state of attention towards two different potential hosts, the suitable bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and the unsuitable wheat (Triticum aestivum), were revisited. Here, we investigated the potential existence of different band frequencies (including low, delta, theta, mu, alpha, beta, and gamma waves) using a protocol adapted from neuroscientific research. Average band power (ABP) was used to analyse the energy distribution of each band frequency in the EPG signals, and time dispersion analysis of features (TDAF) was used to explore the variations in the energy of each band. Our findings indicated that most band waves were centred in the lower frequencies. We also observed that C. racemosa invested more energy in these low-frequency waves when suitable hosts were present. However, we also noted peaks of energy investment in all the band frequencies, which may be linked to extremely low oscillatory electrical signals in the entire tissue. Overall, the presence of suitable hosts induced a higher energy power, which supports the hypothesis of attention in plants. We further discuss and compare our results with generic neural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Francisco de Carvalho Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Cognition and Electrophysiology (LACEV), Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, Brazil; (T.F.d.C.O.)
| | | | - Gustavo Maia Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Cognition and Electrophysiology (LACEV), Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, Brazil; (T.F.d.C.O.)
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5
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Kubásek J, Kalistová T, Janová J, Askanbayeva B, Bednář J, Šantrůček J. 13 CO 2 labelling as a tool for elucidating the mechanism of cuticle development: a case of Clusia rosea. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:202-215. [PMID: 36604855 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant cuticle is an important plant-atmosphere boundary, the synthesis and maintenance of which represents a significant metabolic cost. Only limited information regarding cuticle dynamics is available. We determined the composition and dynamics of Clusia rosea cuticular waxes and matrix using 13 CO2 labelling, compound-specific and bulk isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Collodion was used for wax collection; gas exchange techniques to test for any collodion effects on living leaves. Cutin matrix (MX) area density did not vary between young and mature leaves and between leaf sides. Only young leaves incorporated new carbon into their MX. Collodion-based sampling discriminated between epicuticular (EW) and intracuticular wax (IW) effectively. Epicuticular differed in composition from IW. The newly synthetised wax was deposited in IW first and later in EW. Both young and mature leaves synthetised IW and EW. The faster dynamics in young leaves were due to lower wax coverage, not a faster synthesis rate. Longer-chain alkanes were deposited preferentially on the abaxial, stomatous leaf side, producing differences between leaf sides in wax composition. We introduce a new, sensitive isotope labelling method and demonstrate that cuticular wax is renewed during leaf ontogeny of C. rosea. We discuss the ecophysiological significance of the new insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Kubásek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760/31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kalistová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760/31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Janová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760/31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Balzhan Askanbayeva
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760/31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bednář
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760/31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Šantrůček
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760/31, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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6
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Functional Anatomical Traits of the Photosynthetic Organs of Plants with Crassulacean Acid Metabolism. THE LEAF: A PLATFORM FOR PERFORMING PHOTOSYNTHESIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-93594-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Miszalski Z, Skoczowski A, Silina E, Dymova O, Golovko T, Kornas A, Strzalka K. Photosynthetic activity of vascular bundles in Plantago media leaves. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 204:36-43. [PMID: 27500555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic processes in the leaf lamina and midribs of Plantago media were investigated using plants grown in high light (HL) or low light (LL) conditions. The fluorescence parameters, which indicate photochemical/photosynthetic activity, were different in HL and LL grown plants, but no major differences between lamina and midribs were found. An OJIP test (chlorophyll a fluorescence transient induction) of LL grown plants, indicative of the chloroplast electron transport chain, also showed both tissues to be similar. In HL plants, a partial blockage of electron flow between QA (the primary plastoquinone electron acceptor of PSII) and QB (the secondary plastoquinone acceptor of PSII) was found, and this was less visible in midribs. The effective dissipation of quantum energy per reaction center (DI0/RC) was similar in both tissues of HL grown plants, while in the midribs of LL leaves, this process seemed to be less effective. Measurements of 13C discrimination showed that the midrib tissues of LL and HL leaves effectively used β-carboxylation products to accumulate their biomass. Thus, the well protected activity of electron transport in midribs with their limited capacity to fix CO2 from the air may indicate the involvement of this tissue in β-carboxylation, transport or signaling. Carbon accumulated in roots showed a lower 13C discrimination value (more negative) than the values observed in lamina. This could indicate that roots are supplied with assimilates mostly during the light phase of the day cycle with intensive C3 photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Miszalski
- Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland; The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Skoczowski
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ekaterina Silina
- Institute of Biology, Komi Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Olga Dymova
- Institute of Biology, Komi Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Tamara Golovko
- Institute of Biology, Komi Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kommunisticheskaya 28, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Andrzej Kornas
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Cracow, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Strzalka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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8
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Kuźniak E, Kornas A, Kaźmierczak A, Rozpądek P, Nosek M, Kocurek M, Zellnig G, Müller M, Miszalski Z. Photosynthesis-related characteristics of the midrib and the interveinal lamina in leaves of the C3-CAM intermediate plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:1141-51. [PMID: 27091507 PMCID: PMC4904173 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf veins are usually encircled by specialized bundle sheath cells. In C4 plants, they play an important role in CO2 assimilation, and the photosynthetic activity is compartmentalized between the mesophyll and the bundle sheath. In C3 and CAM (Crassulacean acid metabolism) plants, the photosynthetic activity is generally attributed to the leaf mesophyll cells, and the vascular parenchymal cells are rarely considered for their role in photosynthesis. Recent studies demonstrate that enzymes required for C4 photosynthesis are also active in the veins of C3 plants, and their vascular system contains photosynthetically competent parenchyma cells. However, our understanding of photosynthesis in veins of C3 and CAM plants still remains insufficient. Here spatial analysis of photosynthesis-related properties were applied to the midrib and the interveinal lamina cells in leaves of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, a C3-CAM intermediate plant. METHODS The midrib anatomy as well as chloroplast structure and chlorophyll fluorescence, diurnal gas exchange profiles, the immunoblot patterns of PEPC (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase) and RubisCO (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase), H2O2 localization and antioxidant enzyme activities were compared in the midrib and in the interveinal mesophyll cells in leaves of C3 and CAM plants. KEY RESULTS Leaf midribs were structurally competent to perform photosynthesis in C3 and CAM plants. The midrib chloroplasts resembled those in the bundle sheath cells of C4 plants and were characterized by limited photosynthetic activity. CONCLUSIONS The metabolic roles of midrib chloroplasts differ in C3 and CAM plants. It is suggested that in leaves of C3 plants the midrib chloroplasts could be involved in the supply of CO2 for carboxylation, and in CAM plants they could provide malate to different metabolic processes and mediate H2O2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Kuźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kornas
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Rozpądek
- Institute of Environmental Science, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland, Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Nosek
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Kocurek
- Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Świętokrzyska 15, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Günther Zellnig
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Maria Müller
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 51, A-8010 Graz, Austria and
| | - Zbigniew Miszalski
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland, Małopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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9
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Borland AM, Wullschleger SD, Weston DJ, Hartwell J, Tuskan GA, Yang X, Cushman JC. Climate-resilient agroforestry: physiological responses to climate change and engineering of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) as a mitigation strategy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:1833-49. [PMID: 25366937 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change threatens the sustainability of agriculture and agroforestry worldwide through increased heat, drought, surface evaporation and associated soil drying. Exposure of crops and forests to warmer and drier environments will increase leaf:air water vapour-pressure deficits (VPD), and will result in increased drought susceptibility and reduced productivity, not only in arid regions but also in tropical regions with seasonal dry periods. Fast-growing, short-rotation forestry (SRF) bioenergy crops such as poplar (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.) are particularly susceptible to hydraulic failure following drought stress due to their isohydric nature and relatively high stomatal conductance. One approach to sustaining plant productivity is to improve water-use efficiency (WUE) by engineering crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) into C3 crops. CAM improves WUE by shifting stomatal opening and primary CO2 uptake and fixation to the night-time when leaf:air VPD is low. CAM members of the tree genus Clusia exemplify the compatibility of CAM performance within tree species and highlight CAM as a mechanism to conserve water and maintain carbon uptake during drought conditions. The introduction of bioengineered CAM into SRF bioenergy trees is a potentially viable path to sustaining agroforestry production systems in the face of a globally changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Borland
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
- Biosciences Division, Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Climate Change Science Institute, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Bioenergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MS330, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
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10
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Yang X, Cushman JC, Borland AM, Edwards EJ, Wullschleger SD, Tuskan GA, Owen NA, Griffiths H, Smith JAC, De Paoli HC, Weston DJ, Cottingham R, Hartwell J, Davis SC, Silvera K, Ming R, Schlauch K, Abraham P, Stewart JR, Guo HB, Albion R, Ha J, Lim SD, Wone BWM, Yim WC, Garcia T, Mayer JA, Petereit J, Nair SS, Casey E, Hettich RL, Ceusters J, Ranjan P, Palla KJ, Yin H, Reyes-García C, Andrade JL, Freschi L, Beltrán JD, Dever LV, Boxall SF, Waller J, Davies J, Bupphada P, Kadu N, Winter K, Sage RF, Aguilar CN, Schmutz J, Jenkins J, Holtum JAM. A roadmap for research on crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to enhance sustainable food and bioenergy production in a hotter, drier world. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 207:491-504. [PMID: 26153373 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized mode of photosynthesis that features nocturnal CO2 uptake, facilitates increased water-use efficiency (WUE), and enables CAM plants to inhabit water-limited environments such as semi-arid deserts or seasonally dry forests. Human population growth and global climate change now present challenges for agricultural production systems to increase food, feed, forage, fiber, and fuel production. One approach to meet these challenges is to increase reliance on CAM crops, such as Agave and Opuntia, for biomass production on semi-arid, abandoned, marginal, or degraded agricultural lands. Major research efforts are now underway to assess the productivity of CAM crop species and to harness the WUE of CAM by engineering this pathway into existing food, feed, and bioenergy crops. An improved understanding of CAM has potential for high returns on research investment. To exploit the potential of CAM crops and CAM bioengineering, it will be necessary to elucidate the evolution, genomic features, and regulatory mechanisms of CAM. Field trials and predictive models will be required to assess the productivity of CAM crops, while new synthetic biology approaches need to be developed for CAM engineering. Infrastructure will be needed for CAM model systems, field trials, mutant collections, and data management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - John C Cushman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Anne M Borland
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Erika J Edwards
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Box G-W, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Stan D Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA
| | - Gerald A Tuskan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - Nick A Owen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Howard Griffiths
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - J Andrew C Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Henrique C De Paoli
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - Robert Cottingham
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - James Hartwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Sarah C Davis
- Voinovich School of Leadership and Public Affairs and Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Katia Silvera
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- FAFU and UIUC-SIB Joint Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Karen Schlauch
- Nevada Center for Bioinformatics, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Paul Abraham
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - J Ryan Stewart
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, 4105 Life Sciences Building, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Hao-Bo Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Rebecca Albion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Jungmin Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Sung Don Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Bernard W M Wone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Won Cheol Yim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Travis Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Jesse A Mayer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Juli Petereit
- Nevada Center for Bioinformatics, University of Nevada, MS330, Reno, NV, 89557-0330, USA
| | - Sujithkumar S Nair
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6301, USA
| | - Erin Casey
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Robert L Hettich
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Johan Ceusters
- Department of M²S, Faculty of Engineering Technology, TC Bioengineering Technology, KU Leuven, Campus Geel, Kleinhoefstraat 4, B-2440, Geel, Belgium
| | - Priya Ranjan
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - Kaitlin J Palla
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831-6407, USA
| | - Hengfu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Fuyang, 311400, China
| | - Casandra Reyes-García
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200, Mérida, México
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, CP 97200, Mérida, México
| | - Luciano Freschi
- Department of Botany, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Juan D Beltrán
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Louisa V Dever
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Susanna F Boxall
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jade Waller
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jack Davies
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Phaitun Bupphada
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Nirja Kadu
- Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Cristobal N Aguilar
- Department of Food Research, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, México
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35801, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, 2800 Mitchell Drive, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, 601 Genome Way, Huntsville, AL, 35801, USA
| | - Joseph A M Holtum
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, QLD, Australia
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11
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Anholeti MC, Paiva SRD, Figueiredo MR, Kaplan MAC. Chemosystematic aspects of polyisoprenylated benzophenones from the genus Clusia. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2015; 87:289-301. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzophenone derivatives are special metabolites that arouse great scientific interest. The Clusiaceae family is known for producing large amounts of benzophenone derivatives with several isoprene residues on their structures, which are responsible for the observed complexity and structural variety in this class of substances, and also contribute to their biological activities. Clusia is an important genus belonging to Clusiaceae, with 55 different polyisoprenylated benzophenones identified so far. These substances were analyzed from biosynthetic and chemosystematic points of view, allowing the determination of characteristics regarding their production, accumulation and distribution within this genus. Polyisoprenylated benzophenones found in Clusiashowed a high prenylation degree, with 2 to 5 isoprene units and a greater occurrence in flowers and fruits. Section Cordylandra showed a very similar occurrence of 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone derivatives and bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione derivatives, the majority of them with 4 isoprene units. In section Anandrogyne there is a predominance of simple 2,4,6-trihydroxy-benzophenone derivatives, with 2 isoprene units, and in Chlamydoclusia predominates bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione derivatives with 4 isoprene units. Although highly prenylated, these substances showed low oxidation indexes, which from an evolutionary perspective corroborates the fact that Clusiaceae is a family in transition, with some common aspects with both basal and derived botanical families.
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12
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Souza GM, Lüttge U. Stability as a Phenomenon Emergent from Plasticity–Complexity–Diversity in Eco-physiology. PROGRESS IN BOTANY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08807-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Barrera Zambrano VA, Lawson T, Olmos E, Fernández-García N, Borland AM. Leaf anatomical traits which accommodate the facultative engagement of crassulacean acid metabolism in tropical trees of the genus Clusia. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3513-3523. [PMID: 24510939 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Succulence and leaf thickness are important anatomical traits in CAM plants, resulting from the presence of large vacuoles to store organic acids accumulated overnight. A higher degree of succulence can result in a reduction in intercellular air space which constrains internal conductance to CO2. Thus, succulence presents a trade-off between the optimal anatomy for CAM and the internal structure ideal for direct C3 photosynthesis. This study examined how plasticity for the reversible engagement of CAM in the genus Clusia could be accommodated by leaf anatomical traits that could facilitate high nocturnal PEPC activity without compromising the direct day-time uptake of CO2 via Rubisco. Nine species of Clusia ranging from constitutive C3 through C3/CAM intermediates to constitutive CAM were compared in terms of leaf gas exchange, succulence, specific leaf area, and a range of leaf anatomical traits (% intercellular air space (IAS), length of mesophyll surface exposed to IAS per unit area, cell size, stomatal density/size). Relative abundances of PEPC and Rubisco proteins in different leaf tissues of a C3 and a CAM-performing species of Clusia were determined using immunogold labelling. The results indicate that the relatively well-aerated spongy mesophyll of Clusia helps to optimize direct C3-mediated CO2 fixation, whilst enlarged palisade cells accommodate the potential for C4 carboxylation and nocturnal storage of organic acids. The findings provide insight on the optimal leaf anatomy that could accommodate the bioengineering of inducible CAM into C3 crops as a means of improving water use efficiency without incurring detrimental consequences for direct C3-mediated photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Enrique Olmos
- CEBAS-CSIC Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Department of Abiotic Stress and Plant Pathology, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Nieves Fernández-García
- CEBAS-CSIC Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Department of Abiotic Stress and Plant Pathology, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Anne M Borland
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE17RU, UK Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407, USA
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14
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Miszalski Z, Kornas A, Rozpądek P, Fischer-Schliebs E, Lüttge U. Independent fluctuations of malate and citrate in the CAM species Clusia hilariana Schltdl. under low light and high light in relation to photoprotection. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:453-8. [PMID: 23253483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Clusia hilariana Schltdl. is described in literature as an obligate Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) species. In the present study we assessed the effect of irradiance with low light (LL, 200μmolm(-2)s(-1)) and high light (HL, 650-740μmolm(-2)s(-1)), on the interdependency of citrate and malate diurnal fluctuations. In plants grown at HL CAM-type oscillations of concentration of citrate and malate were obvious. However, at LL daily courses of both acids do not seem to indicate efficient utilization of these compounds as CO2 and NADPH sources. One week after transferring plants from LL to HL decarboxylation of malate was accelerated. Thus, in the CAM plant C. hilariana two independent rhythms of accumulation and decarboxylation of malate and citrate take place, which appear to be related to photosynthesis and respiration, respectively. Non photochemical quenching (NPQ) of photosystem II, especially well expressed during the evening hours was enhanced. Exposure to HL for 7 d activated oxidative stress protection mechanisms such as the interconversion of violaxanthin (V), antheraxanthin (A) and zeaxanthin (Z) (epoxydation/de-epoxydation) measured as epoxydation state (EPS). This was accompanied by a slight increase in the total amount of these pigments. However, all these changes were not observed in plants exposed to HL for only 2 d. Besides violaxanthin cycle components also lutein, which shows a small, but not significant increase, may be involved in dissipating excess light energy in C. hilariana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Miszalski
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University, 30-084 Kraków, ul. Podchorążych 2, Poland.
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15
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Borland AM, Barrera Zambrano VA, Ceusters J, Shorrock K. The photosynthetic plasticity of crassulacean acid metabolism: an evolutionary innovation for sustainable productivity in a changing world. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2011; 191:619-633. [PMID: 21679188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The photosynthetic specialization of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) has evolved many times in response to selective pressures imposed by water limitation. Integration of circadian and metabolite control over nocturnal C₄ and daytime C₃ carboxylation processes in CAM plants provides plasticity for optimizing carbon gain and water use by extending or curtailing the period of net CO₂ uptake over any 24-h period. Photosynthetic plasticity underpins the ecological diversity of CAM species and contributes to the potential for high biomass production in water-limited habitats. Perceived evolutionary constraints on the dynamic range of CO₂ acquisition strategies in CAM species can be reconciled with functional anatomical requirements and the metabolic costs of maintaining the enzymatic machinery required for C₃ and C₄ carboxylation processes. Succulence is highlighted as a key trait for maximizing biomass productivity in water-limited habitats by serving to buffer water availability, by maximizing the magnitude of nocturnal CO₂ uptake and by extending the duration of C₄ carboxylation beyond the night period. Examples are discussed where an understanding of the diverse metabolic and ecological manifestations of CAM can be exploited for the sustainable productivity of economically and ecologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Borland
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | | | - Johan Ceusters
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Crop Biotechnics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Willem De Croylaan 42, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Katherine Shorrock
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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16
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Abstract
Using a broad definition of trees, the evolutionary origins of trees in a nutritional context is considered using data from the fossil record and molecular phylogeny. Trees are first known from the Late Devonian about 380 million years ago, originated polyphyletically at the pteridophyte grade of organization; the earliest gymnosperms were trees, and trees are polyphyletic in the angiosperms. Nutrient transporters, assimilatory pathways, homoiohydry (cuticle, intercellular gas spaces, stomata, endohydric water transport systems including xylem and phloem-like tissue) and arbuscular mycorrhizas preceded the origin of trees. Nutritional innovations that began uniquely in trees were the seed habit and, certainly (but not necessarily uniquely) in trees, ectomycorrhizas, cyanobacterial, actinorhizal and rhizobial (Parasponia, some legumes) diazotrophic symbioses and cluster roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Raven
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Dundee at SCRI (Scottish Crop Research Institute), Invergowrie, Dundee, UK.
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17
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Winter K, Garcia M, Holtum JAM. Canopy CO2 exchange of two neotropical tree species exhibiting constitutive and facultative CAM photosynthesis, Clusia rosea and Clusia cylindrica. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2009; 60:3167-77. [PMID: 19487388 PMCID: PMC2718218 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photon flux density (PFD) and water availability, the daily and seasonal factors that vary most in tropical environments, were examined to see how they influenced expression of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in 3-year-old Clusia shrubs native to Panama. Instead of the commonly used single-leaf approach, diel CO(2) exchange was measured for whole individual canopies of plants in large soil containers inside a naturally illuminated 8.8 m(3) chamber. In well-watered C. rosea, a mainly constitutive CAM species, nocturnally fixed CO(2) contributed about 50% to 24 h carbon gain on sunny days but the contribution decreased to zero following overcast days. Nonetheless, CO(2) fixation in the light responded in such a way that 24 h carbon gain was largely conserved across the range of daily PFDs. The response of C. rosea to drought was similarly buffered. A facultative component of CAM expression led to reversible increases in nocturnal carbon gain that offset drought-induced reductions of CO(2) fixation in the light. Clusia cylindrica was a C(3) plant when well-watered but exhibited CAM when subjected to water stress. The induction of CAM was fully reversible upon rewatering. C. cylindrica joins C. pratensis as the most unambiguous facultative CAM species reported in the genus Clusia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Winter
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, PO Box 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancon, Republic of Panama.
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18
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Reyes-García C, Andrade JL. Crassulacean acid metabolism under global climate change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2009; 181:754-757. [PMID: 19281526 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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