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Decsi K, Ahmed M, Rizk R, Abdul-Hamid D, Kovács GP, Tóth Z. Emerging Trends in Non-Protein Amino Acids as Potential Priming Agents: Implications for Stress Management Strategies and Unveiling Their Regulatory Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6203. [PMID: 38892391 PMCID: PMC11172521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants endure the repercussions of environmental stress. As the advancement of global climate change continues, it is increasingly crucial to protect against abiotic and biotic stress effects. Some naturally occurring plant compounds can be used effectively to protect the plants. By externally applying priming compounds, plants can be prompted to trigger their defensive mechanisms, resulting in improved immune system effectiveness. This review article examines the possibilities of utilizing exogenous alpha-, beta-, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (AABA, BABA, and GABA), which are non-protein amino acids (NPAAs) that are produced naturally in plants during instances of stress. The article additionally presents a concise overview of the studies' discoveries on this topic, assesses the particular fields in which they might be implemented, and proposes new avenues for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kincső Decsi
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (R.R.); (Z.T.)
| | - Mostafa Ahmed
- Festetics Doctoral School, Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Roquia Rizk
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (R.R.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Agricultural Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Donia Abdul-Hamid
- Heavy Metals Department, Central Laboratory for The Analysis of Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Food (QCAP), Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt;
| | - Gergő Péter Kovács
- Institute of Agronomy, Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Institute of Agronomy, Georgikon Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (R.R.); (Z.T.)
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Chen T, Hayes M, Liu Z, Isenegger D, Mason J, Spangenberg G. Modified fructan accumulation through overexpression of wheat fructan biosynthesis pathway fusion genes Ta1SST:Ta6SFT. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:352. [PMID: 38689209 PMCID: PMC11059666 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05049-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructans are water-soluble carbohydrates that accumulate in wheat and are thought to contribute to a pool of stored carbon reserves used in grain filling and tolerance to abiotic stress. RESULTS In this study, transgenic wheat plants were engineered to overexpress a fusion of two fructan biosynthesis pathway genes, wheat sucrose: sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (Ta1SST) and wheat sucrose: fructan 6-fructosyltransferase (Ta6SFT), regulated by a wheat ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (TaRbcS) gene promoter. We have shown that T4 generation transgene-homozygous single-copy events accumulated more fructan polymers in leaf, stem and grain when compared in the same tissues from transgene null lines. Under water-deficit (WD) conditions, transgenic wheat plants showed an increased accumulation of fructan polymers with a high degree of polymerisation (DP) when compared to non-transgenic plants. In wheat grain of a transgenic event, increased deposition of particular fructan polymers such as, DP4 was observed. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the tissue-regulated expression of a gene fusion between Ta1SST and Ta6SFT resulted in modified fructan accumulation in transgenic wheat plants and was influenced by water-deficit stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Chen
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Hayes
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhiqian Liu
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | | | - John Mason
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - German Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, Agribio, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Present Address: Qingdao Agricultural University, College of Grassland Science, N0. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, P.R. China
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3
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Sivaramakrishnan M, Veeraganti Naveen Prakash C, Chandrasekar B. Multifaceted roles of plant glycosyl hydrolases during pathogen infections: more to discover. PLANTA 2024; 259:113. [PMID: 38581452 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Carbohydrates are hydrolyzed by a family of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) called glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases. Here, we have summarized the roles of various plant defense glycosidases that possess different substrate specificities. We have also highlighted the open questions in this research field. Glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases (GHs) are a family of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) that hydrolyze glycosidic bonds in carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. Compared to those of all other sequenced organisms, plant genomes contain a remarkable diversity of glycosidases. Plant glycosidases exhibit activities on various substrates and have been shown to play important roles during pathogen infections. Plant glycosidases from different GH families have been shown to act upon pathogen components, host cell walls, host apoplastic sugars, host secondary metabolites, and host N-glycans to mediate immunity against invading pathogens. We could classify the activities of these plant defense GHs under eleven different mechanisms through which they operate during pathogen infections. Here, we have provided comprehensive information on the catalytic activities, GH family classification, subcellular localization, domain structure, functional roles, and microbial strategies to regulate the activities of defense-related plant GHs. We have also emphasized the research gaps and potential investigations needed to advance this topic of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Balakumaran Chandrasekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS Pilani), Pilani, 333031, India.
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Wang S, Wang A, Chen R, Xu D, Wang H, Jiang F, Liu H, Qian W, Fan W. Haplotype-resolved chromosome-level genome of hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke provides insights into its origin, evolution, and inulin metabolism. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100767. [PMID: 37974403 PMCID: PMC10943552 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) is a global multifunctional crop. It has wide applications in the food, health, feed, and biofuel industries and in ecological protection; it also serves as a germplasm pool for breeding of the global oil crop common sunflower (Helianthus annuus). However, biological studies of Jerusalem artichoke have been hindered by a lack of genome sequences, and its high polyploidy and large genome size have posed challenges to genome assembly. Here, we report a 21-Gb chromosome-level assembly of the hexaploid Jerusalem artichoke genome, which comprises 17 homologous groups, each with 6 pseudochromosomes. We found multiple large-scale chromosome rearrangements between Jerusalem artichoke and common sunflower, and our results show that the hexaploid genome of Jerusalem artichoke was formed by a hybridization event between a tetraploid and a diploid Helianthus species, followed by chromosome doubling of the hybrid, which occurred approximately 2 million years ago. Moreover, we identified more copies of actively expressed genes involved in inulin metabolism and showed that these genes may still be undergoing loss of function or sub- or neofunctionalization. These genomic resources will promote further biological studies, breeding improvement, and industrial utilization of Helianthus crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Preservation and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China; College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Hengchao Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Hangwei Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China.
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Ghali ENHK, Pranav, Chauhan SC, Yallapu MM. Inulin-based formulations as an emerging therapeutic strategy for cancer: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129216. [PMID: 38185294 PMCID: PMC10922702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stands as the second leading cause of death in the United States (US). Most chemotherapeutic agents exhibit severe adverse effects that are attributed to exposure of drugs to off-target tissues, posing a significant challenge in cancer therapy management. In recent years, inulin, a naturally occurring prebiotic fiber has gained substantial attention for its potential in cancer treatment owing to its multitudinous health values. Its distinctive structure, stability, and nutritional properties position it as an effective adjuvant and carrier for drug delivery in cancer therapy. To address some of the above unmet clinical issues, this review summarizes the recent efforts towards the development of inulin-based nanomaterials and nanocomposites for healthcare applications with special emphasis on the multifunctional role of inulin in cancer therapy as a synergist, signaling molecule, immunomodulatory and anticarcinogenic molecule. Furthermore, the review provides a concise overview of ongoing clinical trials and observational studies associated with inulin-based therapy. In conclusion, the current review offers insights on the significant role of inulin interventions in exploring its potential as a therapeutic agent to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eswara Naga Hanuma Kumar Ghali
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Pranav
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA
| | - Subhash C Chauhan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
| | - Murali M Yallapu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA; South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, McAllen, TX 78504, USA.
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Wang H, Xu D, Jiang F, Wang S, Wang A, Liu H, Lei L, Qian W, Fan W. The genomes of Dahlia pinnata, Cosmos bipinnatus, and Bidens alba in tribe Coreopsideae provide insights into polyploid evolution and inulin biosynthesis. Gigascience 2024; 13:giae032. [PMID: 38869151 PMCID: PMC11170221 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coreopsideae tribe, a subset of the Asteraceae family, encompasses economically vital genera like Dahlia, Cosmos, and Bidens, which are widely employed in medicine, horticulture, ecology, and food applications. Nevertheless, the lack of reference genomes hinders evolutionary and biological investigations in this tribe. RESULTS Here, we present 3 haplotype-resolved chromosome-level reference genomes of the tribe Coreopsideae, including 2 popular flowering plants (Dahlia pinnata and Cosmos bipinnatus) and 1 invasive weed plant (Bidens alba), with assembled genome sizes 3.93 G, 1.02 G, and 1.87 G, respectively. We found that Gypsy transposable elements contribute mostly to the larger genome size of D. pinnata, and multiple chromosome rearrangements have occurred in tribe Coreopsideae. Besides the shared whole-genome duplication (WGD-2) in the Heliantheae alliance, our analyses showed that D. pinnata and B. alba each underwent an independent recent WGD-3 event: in D. pinnata, it is more likely to be a self-WGD, while in B. alba, it is from the hybridization of 2 ancestor species. Further, we identified key genes in the inulin metabolic pathway and found that the pseudogenization of 1-FEH1 and 1-FEH2 genes in D. pinnata and the deletion of 3 key residues of 1-FFT proteins in C. bipinnatus and B. alba may probably explain why D. pinnata produces much more inulin than the other 2 plants. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the genomic resources for the Coreopsideae tribe will promote phylogenomics in Asteraceae plants, facilitate ornamental molecular breeding improvements and inulin production, and help prevent invasive weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengchao Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Hangwei Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Lihong Lei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture (Shenzhen Branch), Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518120, China
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7
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Su Y, Liu L, Ma H, Yuan Y, Zhang D, Lu X. Metabolomic Analysis of the Effect of Freezing on Leaves of Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. Histoculture Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:310. [PMID: 38203481 PMCID: PMC10778857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. is the ancestor of cultivated apples, and is an excellent germplasm resource with high resistance to cold. Artificial refrigerators were used to simulate the low temperature of -3 °C to treat Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings. Observations were performed to find the effects of freezing stress on the status of open or closed stomata, photosystems, and detection of metabolomic products in leaves of Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings. The percentage of closed stomata in the Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings increased, the maximum fluorescence (Fm') excited by a strong light (saturating pulse) was weakened relative to the real-time fluorescence in its vicinity, and the quantum yield of unregulated energy dissipation was increased in PSII under freezing stress. The metabolites in the leaves of the Malus sieversii (Ledeb. M.Roem.) histoculture seedlings were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using CK, T12h, T36 h, and HF24h. Results demonstrated that cold stress in the Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings led to wilting, leaf stomatal closure, and photosystem damage. There were 1020 metabolites identified as lipids (10.2%), nucleotides and their derivatives (5.2%), phenolic acids (19.12%), flavonoids (24.51%), amino acids and their derivatives (7.75%), alkaloids (5.39%), terpenoids (8.24%), lignans (3.04%), organic acids (5.88%), and tannins (0.88%). There were 110 differential metabolites at CKvsT12h, 113 differential metabolites at CKvsT36h, 87 differential metabolites at T12hvsT36h, 128 differential metabolites at CKvsHF24h, 121 differential metabolites at T12hvsHF24h, and 152 differential metabolites at T36hvsHF24h. The differential metabolites in the leaves of the Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. seedlings grown under low-temperature stress mainly involved glycolysis, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, and secondary metabolite metabolism. The Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. seedlings responded to the freezing stress by coordinating with each other through these metabolic pathways. The metabolic network of the leaves of the Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. histoculture seedlings under low temperature stress was also proposed based on the above pathways to deepen understanding of the response of metabolites of Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. to low-temperature stress and to lay a theoretical foundation for the development and utilization of Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. cultivation resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Agricultural College of Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (Y.S.); (L.L.); (H.M.); (Y.Y.); (D.Z.)
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Hamidkhani A, Asgarani E, Saboora A, Ghorbanmehr N, Hejazi MA. Ethanol as a carotenoid production stimulator in Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/18. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:925-937. [PMID: 37213053 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dunaliella salina is a rich source of carotenoids. Carotenoid production is induced under specific conditions, i.e., high light intensity, high salt concentration, nutrient limitation, and suboptimal temperatures in this microalga. The control of environmental factors is vital for high productivity of carotenoids. In this paper, the effect of different ethanol concentrations in combination with nitrogen deficiency was investigated to induce carotenoid production in D. salina CCAP 19/18. Also, some biochemical and molecular parameters were investigated in response to ethanol in the cells. It was shown that ethanol at 0.5% concentration increased cell number but, at 5% concentration, reduced cell viability compared to the control. The highest carotenoid production was achieved at 3% ethanol concentration, which was 1.46 fold higher than the nitrogen deficiency condition. Investigation of the 3 carotenoid biosynthesis genes revealed that their expression levels increased at 3% ethanol concentration, and the phytoene synthase gene was the most upregulated one. Lipid peroxidation increased at both 3% and 5% ethanol concentrations. At 3% concentration, the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase increased, but no significant changes were seen at 5% ethanol concentration. Peroxidase activity reduced at both 3% and 5% concentrations. Moreover, proline and reducing sugar content increased at 3% concentration while decreased at 5% ethanol concertation. The results showed that at 3% ethanol concentration, higher carotenoid productivity was associated with an increase in other intracellular responses (molecular and biochemical). Ethanol as a controllable element may be beneficial to increase carotenoid production even under inappropriate environmental conditions in D. salina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Hamidkhani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | - Ezat Asgarani
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Azra Saboora
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Nassim Ghorbanmehr
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Hejazi
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Agricultural Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Tabriz, IR, Iran
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9
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Khan N, Zhang J, Islam S, Appels R, Dell B. Wheat Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Remobilisation under Water Deficit by 1-FEH w3. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6634-6650. [PMID: 37623238 PMCID: PMC10453044 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) is one of the major enzymes in water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) remobilisation for grains in wheat. We investigated the functional role of 1-FEH w1, w2, and w3 isoforms in WSC remobilisation under post-anthesis water deficit using mutation lines derived from the Australian wheat variety Chara. F1 seeds, developed by backcrossing the 1-FEH w1, w2, and w3 mutation lines with Chara, were genotyped using the Infinium 90K SNP iSelect platform to characterise the mutated region. Putative deletions were identified in FEH mutation lines encompassing the FEH genomic regions. Mapping analysis demonstrated that mutations affected significantly longer regions than the target FEH gene regions. Functional roles of the non-target genes were carried out utilising bioinformatics and confirmed that the non-target genes were unlikely to confound the effects considered to be due to the influence of 1-FEH gene functions. Glasshouse experiments revealed that the 1-FEH w3 mutation line had a slower degradation and remobilisation of fructans than the 1-FEH w2 and w1 mutation lines and Chara, which reduced grain filling and grain yield. Thus, 1-FEH w3 plays a vital role in reducing yield loss under drought. This insight into the distinct role of the 1-FEH isoforms provides new gene targets for water-deficit-tolerant wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Khan
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6163, Australia; (N.K.); (J.Z.); (S.I.)
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6163, Australia; (N.K.); (J.Z.); (S.I.)
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6163, Australia; (N.K.); (J.Z.); (S.I.)
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Rudi Appels
- Faculty of Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Bernard Dell
- Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6163, Australia; (N.K.); (J.Z.); (S.I.)
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10
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Shen F, Qin Y, Wang R, Huang X, Wang Y, Gao T, He J, Zhou Y, Jiao Y, Wei J, Li L, Yang X. Comparative genomics reveals a unique nitrogen-carbon balance system in Asteraceae. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4334. [PMID: 37474573 PMCID: PMC10359422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Asteraceae (daisy family) is one of the largest families of plants. The genetic basis for its high biodiversity and excellent adaptability has not been elucidated. Here, we compare the genomes of 29 terrestrial plant species, including two de novo chromosome-scale genome assemblies for stem lettuce, a member of Asteraceae, and Scaevola taccada, a member of Goodeniaceae that is one of the closest outgroups of Asteraceae. We show that Asteraceae originated ~80 million years ago and experienced repeated paleopolyploidization. PII, the universal regulator of nitrogen-carbon (N-C) assimilation present in almost all domains of life, has conspicuously lost across Asteraceae. Meanwhile, Asteraceae has stepwise upgraded the N-C balance system via paleopolyploidization and tandem duplications of key metabolic genes, resulting in enhanced nitrogen uptake and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition to suggesting a molecular basis for their ecological success, the unique N-C balance system reported for Asteraceae offers a potential crop improvement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
| | - Yajuan Qin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Evolutionary and Systematic Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Junna He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Evolutionary and Systematic Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaozeng Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 100097, Beijing, China.
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11
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Bian H, Zhou Q, Du Z, Zhang G, Han R, Chen L, Tian J, Li Y. Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis of the Fructan Metabolism Response to Low-Temperature Stress in Garlic. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1290. [PMID: 37372470 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As the main reserve carbohydrate in garlic, fructan contributes to garlic's yield and quality formation. Numerous studies have shown that plant fructan metabolism induces a stress response to adverse environments. However, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of garlic fructan in low-temperature environments is still unknown. In this study, the fructan metabolism of garlic seedlings under low-temperature stress was revealed by transcriptome and metabolome approaches. With the extension of stress time, the number of differentially expressed genes and metabolites increased. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), three key enzyme genes related to fructan metabolism were screened (a total of 12 transcripts): sucrose: sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase (1-SST) gene; fructan: fructan 6G fructosyltransferase (6G-FFT) gene; and fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) gene. Finally, two hub genes were obtained, namely Cluster-4573.161559 (6G-FFT) and Cluster-4573.153574 (1-FEH). The correlation network and metabolic heat map analysis between fructan genes and carbohydrate metabolites indicate that the expression of key enzyme genes in fructan metabolism plays a positive promoting role in the fructan response to low temperatures in garlic. The number of genes associated with the key enzyme of fructan metabolism in trehalose 6-phosphate was the highest, and the accumulation of trehalose 6-phosphate content may mainly depend on the key enzyme genes of fructan metabolism rather than the enzyme genes in its own synthesis pathway. This study not only obtained the key genes of fructan metabolism in garlic seedlings responding to low temperatures but also preliminarily analyzed its regulatory mechanism, providing an important theoretical basis for further elucidating the cold resistance mechanism of garlic fructan metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Bian
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Qianyi Zhou
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Zhongping Du
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Guangnan Zhang
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Rui Han
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Laisheng Chen
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Laboratory for Research and Utilization of Germplasm Resources in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yi Li
- Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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12
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Du M, Cheng X, Qian L, Huo A, Chen J, Sun Y. Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, Functional Activities and Applications of Inulin Polysaccharide: a Review. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:243-252. [PMID: 37097509 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01066-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Inulin is a naturally soluble dietary fiber that is widely distributed and primarily derived from plants. As a reserve biopolysaccharide in plants, inulin is considered an indigestible carbohydrate of fructan because of its unique β-(2,1)-glycosidic bond structure. Numerous recent animal and human experimental studies have shown that functional inulin possesses multiple bioactivities, including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antitumor, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and gastrointestinal protective activities. Due to its increasing popularity, people tend to consume foods containing inulin. Moreover, inulin holds promise as a bioactive compound for use in the development of various food products. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed review of the extraction method, physicochemical properties, functional activity, and application development of inulin polysaccharides, to provide a theoretical foundation for further advancements in the fields of preparation and application of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Du
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Xueyan Cheng
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Lijuan Qian
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Ayue Huo
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China
| | - Yujun Sun
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, Anhui, China.
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13
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Szablińska-Piernik J, Lahuta LB. Polar Metabolites Profiling of Wheat Shoots ( Triticum aestivum L.) under Repeated Short-Term Soil Drought and Rewatering. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8429. [PMID: 37176136 PMCID: PMC10179269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants to the soil drought at the metabolome level is still not fully explained. In addition, research focuses mainly on single periods of drought, and there is still a lack of data on the response of plants to short-term cyclical periods of drought. The key to this research was to find out whether wheat shoots are able to resume metabolism after the stress subsides and if the reaction to subsequent stress is the same. Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is one of the most valuable and fast methods to discover changes in the primary metabolism of plants. The targeted GC-MS analyses of whole shoots of wheat plants exposed (at the juvenile stage of development) to short-term (five days) mild soil drought/rewatering cycles (until the start of shoot wilting) enabled us to identify 32 polar metabolites. The obtained results revealed an accumulation of sugars (sucrose, fructose, glucose, and 1-kestose), proline, and malic acid. During five days of recovery, shoots regained full turgor and continued to grow, and the levels of accumulated metabolites decreased. Similar changes in metabolic profiles were found during the second drought/rewatering cycle. However, the concentrations of glucose, proline, and malic acid were higher after the second drought than after the first one. Additionally, the concentration of total polar metabolites after each plant rewatering was elevated compared to control samples. Although our results confirm the participation of proline in wheat responses to drought, they also highlight the responsiveness of soluble carbohydrate metabolism to stress/recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lesław Bernard Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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14
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Androsiuk P, Milarska SE, Dulska J, Kellmann-Sopyła W, Szablińska-Piernik J, Lahuta LB. The comparison of polymorphism among Avena species revealed by retrotransposon-based DNA markers and soluble carbohydrates in seeds. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:247-264. [PMID: 36719514 PMCID: PMC10076396 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we compared the polymorphism among 13 Avena species revealed by the iPBS markers and soluble carbohydrate profiles in seeds. The application of seven iPBS markers generated 83 bands, out of which 20.5% were polymorphic. No species-specific bands were scored. Shannon's information index (I) and expected heterozygosity (He) revealed low genetic diversity, with the highest values observed for A. nuda (I = 0.099; He = 0.068). UPGMA clustering of studied Avena accessions and PCoA results showed that the polyploidy level is the main grouping criterion. High-resolution gas chromatography revealed that the studied Avena accessions share the same composition of soluble carbohydrates, but significant differences in the content of total (5.30-22.38 mg g-1 of dry weight) and particular sugars among studied samples were observed. Sucrose appeared as the most abundant sugar (mean 61.52% of total soluble carbohydrates), followed by raffinose family oligosaccharides (31.23%), myo-inositol and its galactosides (6.16%), and monosaccharides (1.09%). The pattern of interspecific variation in soluble carbohydrates, showed by PCA, was convergent to that revealed by iPBS markers. Thus, both methods appeared as a source of valuable data useful in the characterization of Avena resources or in the discussion on the evolution of this genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Androsiuk
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Eryka Milarska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Justyna Dulska
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wioleta Kellmann-Sopyła
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Szablińska-Piernik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lesław Bernard Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
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15
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Shen F, He H, Huang X, Deng Y, Yang X. Insights into the convergent evolution of fructan biosynthesis in angiosperms from the highly characteristic chicory genome. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1245-1262. [PMID: 36751914 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fructans in angiosperms play essential roles in physiological functions and environmental adaptations. As a major source of industrial fructans (especially inulin-type), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) is a model species for studying fructan biosynthesis. However, the genes underlying this process and their evolutionary history in angiosperms remain elusive. We combined multiple sequencing technologies to assemble and annotate the chicory genome and scan its (epi)genomic features, such as genomic components, DNA methylation, and three-dimensional (3D) structure. We also performed a comparative genomics analysis to uncover the associations between key traits and gene families. We achieved a nearly complete chicory genome assembly and found that continuous bursts of a few highly active retrotransposon families largely shaped the (epi)genomic characteristics. The highly methylated genome with its unique 3D structure potentially influences critical biological processes. Our comprehensive comparative genomics analysis deciphered the genetic basis for the rich sesquiterpene content in chicory and indicated that the fructan-accumulating trait resulted from convergent evolution in angiosperms due to shifts in critical sites of fructan-active enzymes. The highly characterized chicory genome provides insight into Asteraceae evolution and fructan biosynthesis in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Hao He
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xiaozeng Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
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16
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Sustek-Sánchez F, Rognli OA, Rostoks N, Sõmera M, Jaškūnė K, Kovi MR, Statkevičiūtė G, Sarmiento C. Improving abiotic stress tolerance of forage grasses - prospects of using genome editing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1127532. [PMID: 36824201 PMCID: PMC9941169 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1127532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to an increase in the consumption of food, feed, and fuel and to meet global food security needs for the rapidly growing human population, there is a necessity to obtain high-yielding crops that can adapt to future climate changes. Currently, the main feed source used for ruminant livestock production is forage grasses. In temperate climate zones, perennial grasses grown for feed are widely distributed and tend to suffer under unfavorable environmental conditions. Genome editing has been shown to be an effective tool for the development of abiotic stress-resistant plants. The highly versatile CRISPR-Cas system enables increasingly complex modifications in genomes while maintaining precision and low off-target frequency mutations. In this review, we provide an overview of forage grass species that have been subjected to genome editing. We offer a perspective view on the generation of plants resilient to abiotic stresses. Due to the broad factors contributing to these stresses the review focuses on drought, salt, heat, and cold stresses. The application of new genomic techniques (e.g., CRISPR-Cas) allows addressing several challenges caused by climate change and abiotic stresses for developing forage grass cultivars with improved adaptation to the future climatic conditions. Genome editing will contribute towards developing safe and sustainable food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenz Sustek-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Odd Arne Rognli
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Nils Rostoks
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Merike Sõmera
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Kristina Jaškūnė
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Gražina Statkevičiūtė
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology, Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Cecilia Sarmiento
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
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17
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Phenolic Acids and Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids Profiles in Leucojum aestivum L. In Vitro Plants Grown under Different Light Conditions. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041525. [PMID: 36838512 PMCID: PMC9958804 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have emerged as efficient light sources for promoting in vitro plant growth and primary and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. This study investigated the effects of blue, red, and white-red LED lights on plant biomass growth, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, the production of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in Leucojum aestivum L. cultures. A white fluorescent light was used as a control. The plants that were grown under white-red and red light showed the highest fresh biomass increments. The blue light stimulated chlorophyll a, carotenoid, and flavonoid production. The white-red and blue lights were favourable for phenolic acid biosynthesis. Chlorogenic, p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, sinapic, and benzoic acids were identified in plant materials, with ferulic acid dominating. The blue light had a significant beneficial effect both on galanthamine (4.67 µg/g of dry weight (DW)) and lycorine (115 µg/g DW) biosynthesis. Red light treatment increased catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, and high catalase activity was also observed in plants treated with white-red and blue light. This is the first report to provide evidence of the effects of LED light on the biosynthesis of phenolic acid and Amaryllidaceae alkaloids in L. aestivum cultures, which is of pharmacological importance and can propose new strategies for their production.
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18
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Teper‐Bamnolker P, Roitman M, Katar O, Peleg N, Aruchamy K, Suher S, Doron‐Faigenboim A, Leibman D, Omid A, Belausov E, Andersson M, Olsson N, Fält A, Volpin H, Hofvander P, Gal‐On A, Eshel D. An alternative pathway to plant cold tolerance in the absence of vacuolar invertase activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:327-341. [PMID: 36448213 PMCID: PMC10107833 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To cope with cold stress, plants have developed antioxidation strategies combined with osmoprotection by sugars. In potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers, which are swollen stems, exposure to cold stress induces starch degradation and sucrose synthesis. Vacuolar acid invertase (VInv) activity is a significant part of the cold-induced sweetening (CIS) response, by rapidly cleaving sucrose into hexoses and increasing osmoprotection. To discover alternative plant tissue pathways for coping with cold stress, we produced VInv-knockout lines in two cultivars. Genome editing of VInv in 'Désirée' and 'Brooke' was done using stable and transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 components, respectively. After storage at 4°C, sugar analysis indicated that the knockout lines showed low levels of CIS and maintained low acid invertase activity in storage. Surprisingly, the tuber parenchyma of vinv lines exhibited significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and reduced H2 O2 levels. Furthermore, whole plants of vinv lines exposed to cold stress without irrigation showed normal vigor, in contrast to WT plants, which wilted. Transcriptome analysis of vinv lines revealed upregulation of an osmoprotectant pathway and ethylene-related genes during cold temperature exposure. Accordingly, higher expression of antioxidant-related genes was detected after exposure to short and long cold storage. Sugar measurements showed an elevation of an alternative pathway in the absence of VInv activity, raising the raffinose pathway with increasing levels of myo-inositol content as a cold tolerance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Teper‐Bamnolker
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Marina Roitman
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot76100Israel
| | - Omri Katar
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot76100Israel
| | - Noam Peleg
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot76100Israel
| | - Kalaivani Aruchamy
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Shlomit Suher
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in AgricultureThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot76100Israel
| | - Adi Doron‐Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Diana Leibman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Ayelet Omid
- Danziger Innovations LimitedMishmar HashivaIsrael
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Mariette Andersson
- Department of Plant BreedingSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Niklas Olsson
- Department of Plant BreedingSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Ann‐Sofie Fält
- Department of Plant BreedingSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Hanne Volpin
- Danziger Innovations LimitedMishmar HashivaIsrael
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant BreedingSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesAlnarpSweden
| | - Amit Gal‐On
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)The Volcani InstituteRishon LeZionIsrael
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19
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Lahuta LB, Szablińska-Piernik J, Stałanowska K, Głowacka K, Horbowicz M. The Size-Dependent Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on Germination, Early Seedling Development and Polar Metabolite Profile of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13255. [PMID: 36362042 PMCID: PMC9657336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) to plant seeds germination and seedlings development depends on nanoparticles properties and concentration, as well as plant species and stress tolerance degrees. In the present study, the effect of citrate-stabilized spherical Ag NPs (20 mg/L) in sizes of 10, 20, 40, 60, and 100 nm, on wheat grain germination, early seedlings development, and polar metabolite profile in 3-day-old seedlings were analyzed. Ag NPs, regardless of their sizes, did not affect the germination of wheat grains. However, the smaller nanoparticles (10 and 20 nm in size) decreased the growth of seedling roots. Although the concentrations of total polar metabolites in roots, coleoptile, and endosperm of seedlings were not affected by Ag NPs, significant re-arrangements of carbohydrates profiles in seedlings were noted. In roots and coleoptile of 3-day-old seedlings, the concentration of sucrose increased, which was accompanied by a decrease in glucose and fructose. The concentrations of most other polar metabolites (amino acids, organic acids, and phosphate) were not affected by Ag NPs. Thus, an unknown signal is released by small-sized Ag NPs that triggers affection of sugars metabolism and/or distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesław Bernard Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Genetics and Biotechnology, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
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20
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Salvi P, Varshney V, Majee M. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs): role in seed vigor and longevity. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20220198. [PMID: 36149314 PMCID: PMC9547172 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed vigor and longevity are important agronomic attributes, as they are essentially associated with crop yield and thus the global economy. Seed longevity is a measure of seed viability and the most essential property in gene bank management since it affects regeneration of seed recycling. Reduced seed life or storability is a serious issue in seed storage since germplasm conservation and agricultural enhancement initiatives rely on it. The irreversible and ongoing process of seed deterioration comprises a complex gene regulatory network and altered metabolism that results in membrane damage, DNA integrity loss, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein damage, and disrupted antioxidative machinery. Carbohydrates and/or sugars, primarily raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), have emerged as feasible components for boosting or increasing seed vigor and longevity in recent years. RFOs are known to perform diverse functions in plants, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, besides being involved in regulating seed germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor, and longevity. We emphasized and analyzed the potential impact of RFOs on seed vigor and longevity in this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms involved in seed longevity, RFO metabolism, and how RFO content is critical and linked with seed vigor and longevity. Further molecular basis, biotechnological approaches, and CRISPR/Cas applications have been discussed briefly for the improvement of seed attributes and ultimately crop production. Likewise, we suggest advancements, challenges, and future possibilities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab 140308, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- Govt. Shaheed Gend Singh College, Charama, Chhattisgarh 494337, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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21
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Nägele T, Gibon Y, Le Hir R. Plant sugar metabolism, transport and signalling in challenging environments. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13768. [PMID: 36281839 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nägele
- LMU Munich, Faculty of Biology, Plant Evolutionary Cell Biology, Planegg, Germany
| | - Yves Gibon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, UMR 1332 Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, Centre INRAE Nouvelle-Aquitaine Bordeaux, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
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22
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Oku S, Ueno K, Sawazaki Y, Maeda T, Jitsuyama Y, Suzuki T, Onodera S, Fujino K, Shimura H. Functional characterization and vacuolar localization of fructan exohydrolase derived from onion (Allium cepa). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4908-4922. [PMID: 35552692 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fructans such as inulin and levan accumulate in certain taxonomic groups of plants and are a reserve carbohydrate alternative to starch. Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a typical plant species that accumulates fructans, and it synthesizes inulin-type and inulin neoseries-type fructans in the bulb. Although genes for fructan biosynthesis in onion have been identified so far, no genes for fructan degradation had been found. In this study, phylogenetic analysis predicted that we isolated a putative vacuolar invertase gene (AcpVI1), but our functional analyses demonstrated that it encoded a fructan 1-exohydrolase (1-FEH) instead. Assessments of recombinant proteins and purified native protein showed that the protein had 1-FEH activity, hydrolyzing the β-(2,1)-fructosyl linkage in inulin-type fructans. Interestingly, AcpVI1 had an amino acid sequence close to those of vacuolar invertases and fructosyltransferases, unlike all other FEHs previously found in plants. We showed that AcpVI1 was localized in the vacuole, as are onion fructosyltransferases Ac1-SST and Ac6G-FFT. These results indicate that fructan-synthesizing and -degrading enzymes are both localized in the vacuole. In contrast to previously reported FEHs, our data suggest that onion 1-FEH evolved from a vacuolar invertase and not from a cell wall invertase. This demonstrates that classic phylogenetic analysis on its own is insufficient to discriminate between invertases and FEHs, highlighting the importance of functional markers in the nearby active site residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Oku
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Keiji Ueno
- Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sawazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Tomoo Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Yutaka Jitsuyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takashi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shuichi Onodera
- Graduate School of Dairy Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kaien Fujino
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hanako Shimura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
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23
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Torbica A, Radosavljević M, Belović M, Djukić N, Marković S. Overview of nature, frequency and technological role of dietary fibre from cereals and pseudocereals from grain to bread. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 290:119470. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Chandrasekar B, Wanke A, Wawra S, Saake P, Mahdi L, Charura N, Neidert M, Poschmann G, Malisic M, Thiele M, Stühler K, Dama M, Pauly M, Zuccaro A. Fungi hijack a ubiquitous plant apoplastic endoglucanase to release a ROS scavenging β-glucan decasaccharide to subvert immune responses. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2765-2784. [PMID: 35441693 PMCID: PMC9252488 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic and beneficial fungi have evolved several strategies to evade immunity and cope with host-derived hydrolytic enzymes and oxidative stress in the apoplast, the extracellular space of plant tissues. Fungal hyphae are surrounded by an inner insoluble cell wall layer and an outer soluble extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) matrix. Here, we show by proteomics and glycomics that these two layers have distinct protein and carbohydrate signatures, and hence likely have different biological functions. The barley (Hordeum vulgare) β-1,3-endoglucanase HvBGLUII, which belongs to the widely distributed apoplastic glycoside hydrolase 17 family (GH17), releases a conserved β-1,3;1,6-glucan decasaccharide (β-GD) from the EPS matrices of fungi with different lifestyles and taxonomic positions. This low molecular weight β-GD does not activate plant immunity, is resilient to further enzymatic hydrolysis by β-1,3-endoglucanases due to the presence of three β-1,6-linked glucose branches and can scavenge reactive oxygen species. Exogenous application of β-GD leads to enhanced fungal colonization in barley, confirming its role in the fungal counter-defensive strategy to subvert host immunity. Our data highlight the hitherto undescribed capacity of this often-overlooked EPS matrix from plant-associated fungi to act as an outer protective barrier important for fungal accommodation within the hostile environment at the apoplastic plant-microbe interface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Wanke
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Wawra
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pia Saake
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Mahdi
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nyasha Charura
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Neidert
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Proteome Research, University Hospital and Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Milena Malisic
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Meik Thiele
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Centre (BMFZ), Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Murali Dama
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, 50679 Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Institute of Plant Cell Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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25
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Cold Treatment Modulates Changes in Primary Metabolites and Flowering of Cut Flower Tulip Hybrids. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8050371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tulip is one of the most important bulbous genera in the world’s floriculture. It is known that cold exposure of bulbs before planting is required to break the bulb dormancy and to promote the plant’s flowering. Preparation procedures performed by breeders differ in the duration and the thermal level, and the choice of the procedure depends on the genotype’s sensitivity to temperature; however, little is known about the metabolic responses underlying the different behaviours of the numerous commercial hybrids. We evaluated the influence of two bulb-preparation procedures, 15–18 weeks at 5 ÷ 9 °C, and 9–14 weeks at 2 ÷ 5 °C, in two hybrids of tulip (Tulipa gesneriana L.), ‘Royal Virgin’ and ‘Ad Rem’, grown hydroponically in a floating system. Tulip plants of the two hybrids responded differently to bulb exposure to low temperatures in terms of early flowering, as this was unaffected by the preparation procedure in ‘Royal Virgin’ (27.1 days from transplanting, on average), while it was earlier after treatment at higher temperatures compared with lower temperatures in ‘Ad Rem’ (24.1 vs. 26.7 days at 5 °C vs. at 9 °C). This different flowering earliness may be related to the diverse metabolic responses enacted by the bulbs for cold acclimation that depended on hybrid x thermal treatment. Plant leaf area and flower stem characteristics were similar in the hybrids and were unaffected by the bulb-preparation procedure.
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26
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Spaghetti Enriched with Inulin: Effect of Polymerization Degree on Quality Traits and α-Amylase Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082482. [PMID: 35458679 PMCID: PMC9026318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inulin is considered a dietary fiber and represents a noteworthy ingredient for food biofortification due to its health effects and its neutral taste. The aim of the work was the evaluation of the quality of pasta produced using whole-meal flours of two ancient Sicilian landraces (Senatore Cappelli-CAP and Timilia—TIM) fortified with two types of inulin (long-chain topinambur inulin IT and low-chain chicory inulin IC), at two different levels of substitution (2 and 4%) to evaluate its possible effect on α-amylase inhibition. The color indices L* and a* were mainly influenced by cultivars, while IT improved the sensory attributes, mainly the elasticity sensation, and influenced less the other sensory attributes: adhesiveness, color, odor, taste, and Over Quality Score for both landraces. The cooking quality was linked mainly to the landrace used, due to the very different gluten matrix of CAP and TIM. IC and IT showed promising α-Amy inhibitory activity with comparable IC50 values of 0.45 ± 0.04 and 0.50 ± 0.06 mg/mL. The enrichment of spaghetti with inulin with an inhibitory effect on α-amylase determined the hypoglycemic properties of pasta, thus lowering the corresponding IC50 value.
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27
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Jiang Q, Seth S, Scharl T, Schroeder T, Jungbauer A, Dimartino S. Prediction of the performance of pre-packed purification columns through machine learning. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1445-1457. [PMID: 35262290 PMCID: PMC9310636 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pre-packed columns have been increasingly used in process development and biomanufacturing thanks to their ease of use and consistency. Traditionally, packing quality is predicted through rate models, which require extensive calibration efforts through independent experiments to determine relevant mass transfer and kinetic rate constants. Here we propose machine learning as a complementary predictive tool for column performance. A machine learning algorithm, extreme gradient boosting, was applied to a large data set of packing quality (plate height and asymmetry) for pre-packed columns as a function of quantitative parameters (column length, column diameter, and particle size) and qualitative attributes (backbone and functional mode). The machine learning model offered excellent predictive capabilities for the plate height and the asymmetry (90 and 93%, respectively), with packing quality strongly influenced by backbone (∼70% relative importance) and functional mode (∼15% relative importance), well above all other quantitative column parameters. The results highlight the ability of machine learning to provide reliable predictions of column performance from simple, generic parameters, including strategic qualitative parameters such as backbone and functionality, usually excluded from quantitative considerations. Our results will guide further efforts in column optimization, for example, by focusing on improvements of backbone and functional mode to obtain optimized packings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Jiang
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Sohan Seth
- School of InformaticsThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Theresa Scharl
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
- Institute of StatisticsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Alois Jungbauer
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyViennaAustria
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Simone Dimartino
- Institute of BioengineeringSchool of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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28
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Benkeblia N. Insights on Fructans and Resistance of Plants to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.827758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought, one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plants, is characterized by a decrease of water availability, resulting in a decrease of the water potential (Ψ) of the cells. One of the strategies of plants in resisting to this low Ψ and related stresses is regulating their water-plant relation and the interplay between Ψsolutes and the turgor pressure (Ψp). This regulation avoids the dehydration induced by low Ψ and is resulting from the accumulation of specific molecules which induce higher tolerance to water deficit and also other mechanisms that prevent or repair cell damages. In plants, fructans, the non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), have other physiological functions than carbon reserve. Among these roles, fructans have been implicated in protecting plants against water deficit caused by drought. As an efficient strategy to survive to this abiotic stress, plants synthesize fructans in response to osmotic pressure in order to osmoregulate the cellular flux, therefore, protecting the membrane damage and maintaining Ψp. Although different studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanisms behind this strategy, still the concept itself is not well-understood and many points remain unclear and need to be elucidated in order to understand the causal relation between water deficit and fructans accumulation during water scarcity. This understanding will be a key tool in developing strategies to enhance crop tolerance to stressful dry conditions, particularly under the changing climate prediction. This review aims to give new insights on the roles of fructans in the response and resistance of plants to water deficit and their fate under this severe environmental condition.
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29
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Gaur A, Jindal Y, Singh V, Tiwari R, Kumar D, Kaushik D, Singh J, Narwal S, Jaiswal S, Iquebal MA, Angadi UB, Singh G, Rai A, Singh GP, Sheoran S. GWAS to Identify Novel QTNs for WSCs Accumulation in Wheat Peduncle Under Different Water Regimes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:825687. [PMID: 35310635 PMCID: PMC8928439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.825687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble carbohydrates (WSCs) play a vital role in water stress avoidance and buffering wheat grain yield. However, the genetic architecture of stem WSCs' accumulation is partially understood, and few candidate genes are known. This study utilizes the compressed mixed linear model-based genome wide association study (GWAS) and heuristic post GWAS analyses to identify causative quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and candidate genes for stem WSCs' content at 15 days after anthesis under different water regimes (irrigated, rainfed, and drought). Glucose, fructose, sucrose, fructans, total non-structural carbohydrates (the sum of individual sugars), total WSCs (anthrone based) quantified in the peduncle of 301 bread wheat genotypes under multiple environments (E01-E08) pertaining different water regimes, and 14,571 SNPs from "35K Axiom Wheat Breeders" Array were used for analysis. As a result, 570 significant nucleotide trait associations were identified on all chromosomes except for 4D, of which 163 were considered stable. A total of 112 quantitative trait nucleotide regions (QNRs) were identified of which 47 were presumable novel. QNRs qWSC-3B.2 and qWSC-7A.2 were identified as the hotspots. Post GWAS integration of multiple data resources prioritized 208 putative candidate genes delimited into 64 QNRs, which can be critical in understanding the genetic architecture of stem WSCs accumulation in wheat under optimum and water-stressed environments. At least 19 stable QTNs were found associated with 24 prioritized candidate genes. Clusters of fructans metabolic genes reported in the QNRs qWSC-4A.2 and qWSC-7A.2. These genes can be utilized to bring an optimum combination of various fructans metabolic genes to improve the accumulation and remobilization of stem WSCs and water stress tolerance. These results will further strengthen wheat breeding programs targeting sustainable wheat production under limited water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Gaur
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Yogesh Jindal
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Ratan Tiwari
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India
| | - Jogendra Singh
- ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sneh Narwal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarika Jaiswal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Mir Asif Iquebal
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ulavapp B. Angadi
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Anil Rai
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sonia Sheoran
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
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30
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Schrauf GE, Voda L, Zelada AM, García AM, Giordano A, Roa PP, Guitian J, Rebori J, Ghio S, Couso L, Castro L, Musacchio E, Rush P, Nagel J, Wang ZY, Cogan N, Spangenberg G. Development of Protocols for Regeneration and Transformation of Apomitic and Sexual Forms of Dallisgrass ( Paspalum dilatatum Poir.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787549. [PMID: 35281698 PMCID: PMC8914168 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paspalum dilatatum (common name dallisgrass), a productive C4 grass native to South America, is an important pasture grass found throughout the temperate warm regions of the world. It is characterized by its tolerance to frost and water stress and a higher forage quality than other C4 forage grasses. P. dilatatum includes tetraploid (2n = 40), sexual, and pentaploid (2n = 50) apomictic forms, but is predominantly cultivated in an apomictic monoculture, which implies a high risk that biotic and abiotic stresses could seriously affect the grass productivity. The obtention of reproducible and efficient protocols of regeneration and transformation are valuable tools to obtain genetic modified grasses with improved agronomics traits. In this review, we present the current regeneration and transformation methods of both apomictic and sexual cultivars of P. dilatatum, discuss their strengths and limitations, and focus on the perspectives of genetic modification for producing new generation of forages. The advances in this area of research lead us to consider Paspalum dilatatum as a model species for the molecular improvement of C4 perennial forage species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo E. Schrauf
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Criadero “Cultivos del Sur” FAUBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lisandro Voda
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Criadero “Cultivos del Sur” FAUBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- BASF Argentina S.A., Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia M. Zelada
- Laboratorio de Agrobiotecnología, Departamento de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María García
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Giordano
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Peralta Roa
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Criadero “Cultivos del Sur” FAUBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Guitian
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Criadero “Cultivos del Sur” FAUBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Rebori
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Ghio
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Criadero “Cultivos del Sur” FAUBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Couso
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Criadero “Cultivos del Sur” FAUBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lautaro Castro
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Criadero “Cultivos del Sur” FAUBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Musacchio
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Criadero “Cultivos del Sur” FAUBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Rush
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Criadero “Cultivos del Sur” FAUBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jutta Nagel
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Zeng Yu Wang
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Noel Cogan
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Germán Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria, Hamilton, VIC, Australia
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31
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Viera-Alcaide I, Hamdi A, Guillén-Bejarano R, Rodríguez-Arcos R, Espejo-Calvo JA, Jiménez-Araujo A. Asparagus Roots: From an Agricultural By-Product to a Valuable Source of Fructans. Foods 2022; 11:652. [PMID: 35267287 PMCID: PMC8909794 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagus roots are by-products from asparagus cultivation and they could be considered one of the best sources of fructans. These polymers are interesting food ingredients for their prebiotic and immuno-stimulating characteristics. The aim of this work is to characterize the fructan profile from the roots of several asparagus varieties grown at different locations and pickled at three vegetative statuses in order to valorize these by-products as fructan source. Fructans were extracted with hot water and fractionated into three pools according to their molecular weight (MW). Their average MW was studied by HPSEC and their degree of polymerization by HPAEC. The fructan content was up to 12.5% on fresh weight basis, depending on variety and sampling date. The relative abundance of the three pools also depended on the picking moment as after the spear harvest period their total content and MW increased. The average MW of the three fractions was similar among varieties with 4.8, 8.4 and 9 sugar units, although fructans up to 30 units were identified by HPAEC. These characteristics make them similar to the commercialized Orafti®-GR inulin, a common additive to food products. Therefore, the concept of asparagus roots as cultivation waste must be changed to a new feedstock for sustainable agriculture and industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Viera-Alcaide
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Amel Hamdi
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.H.); (R.G.-B.); (R.R.-A.)
| | - Rafael Guillén-Bejarano
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.H.); (R.G.-B.); (R.R.-A.)
| | - Rocío Rodríguez-Arcos
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.H.); (R.G.-B.); (R.R.-A.)
| | | | - Ana Jiménez-Araujo
- Phytochemicals and Food Quality Group, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Pablo de Olavide University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain; (A.H.); (R.G.-B.); (R.R.-A.)
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32
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Chourasia KN, More SJ, Kumar A, Kumar D, Singh B, Bhardwaj V, Kumar A, Das SK, Singh RK, Zinta G, Tiwari RK, Lal MK. Salinity responses and tolerance mechanisms in underground vegetable crops: an integrative review. PLANTA 2022; 255:68. [PMID: 35169941 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present review gives an insight into the salinity stress tolerance responses and mechanisms of underground vegetable crops. Phytoprotectants, agronomic practices, biofertilizers, and modern biotechnological approaches are crucial for salinity stress management. Underground vegetables are the source of healthy carbohydrates, resistant starch, antioxidants, vitamins, mineral, and nutrients which benefit human health. Soil salinity is a serious threat to agriculture that severely affects the growth, development, and productivity of underground vegetable crops. Salt stress induces several morphological, anatomical, physiological, and biochemical changes in crop plants which include reduction in plant height, leaf area, and biomass. Also, salinity stress impedes the growth of the underground organs, which ultimately reduces crop yield. Moreover, salt stress is detrimental to photosynthesis, membrane integrity, nutrient balance, and leaf water content. Salt tolerance mechanisms involve a complex interplay of several genes, transcription factors, and proteins that are involved in the salinity tolerance mechanism in underground crops. Besides, a coordinated interaction between several phytoprotectants, phytohormones, antioxidants, and microbes is needed. So far, a comprehensive review of salinity tolerance responses and mechanisms in underground vegetables is not available. This review aims to provide a comprehensive view of salt stress effects on underground vegetable crops at different levels of biological organization and discuss the underlying salt tolerance mechanisms. Also, the role of multi-omics in dissecting gene and protein regulatory networks involved in salt tolerance mechanisms is highlighted, which can potentially help in breeding salt-tolerant underground vegetable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Nishant Chourasia
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
- ICAR-Central Research Institute for Jute and Allied Fibres, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Onion and Garlic Research, Rajgurunagar, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Brajesh Singh
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Vinay Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | | | - Rajesh Kumar Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gaurav Zinta
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
- Academy of Scientifc and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar Tiwari
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India.
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
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Lahuta LB, Szablińska-Piernik J, Horbowicz M. Changes in Metabolic Profiles of Pea ( Pisum sativum L.) as a Result of Repeated Short-Term Soil Drought and Subsequent Re-Watering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1704. [PMID: 35163626 PMCID: PMC8836265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic re-arrangements of peas (Pisum sativum L.) under soil drought and re-watering are still not fully explained. The search for metabolic markers of the stress response is important in breeding programs, to allow for the selection drought-resistant cultivars. During the present study, changes in the polar metabolite content in pea plant shoots were measured under repeated short-term soil drought and subsequent re-watering. A gas chromatograph, equipped with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS), was used for the metabolite profiling of pea plants during their middle stage of vegetation (14-34 days after sowing, DAS). The major changes occurred in the concentration of amino acids and some soluble carbohydrates. Among them, proline, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), branched-chain amino acids, hydroxyproline, serine, myo-inositol, and raffinose were accumulated under each soil drought and decreased after re-watering. Besides, the obtained results show that the first drought/re-watering cycle increased the ability of pea plants to restore a metabolic profile similar to the control after the second similar stress. The accumulation of proline seems to be an important part of drought memory in pea plants. However, confirmation of this suggestion requires metabolite profiling studies on a broader spectrum of pea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesław Bernard Lahuta
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Street 1A/103A, 10719 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.S.-P.); (M.H.)
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Márquez-López RE, Loyola-Vargas VM, Santiago-García PA. Interaction between fructan metabolism and plant growth regulators. PLANTA 2022; 255:49. [PMID: 35084581 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The relationship of fructan to plant growth regulators is clearly more complicated than it looks and is likely related to differences between fructan molecules in size and structure as well as localization. Fructans are a complex group of carbohydrates composed mainly of fructose units linked to a sucrose molecule. Fructans are present in plants as heterogeneous mixtures with diverse molecular structures and mass, different polymerization degrees, and linkage types between fructosyl residues. Like sucrose, they are frequently stored in leaves and other organs, acting as carbohydrate reserves. Fructans are synthesized in the cell vacuole by fructosyltransferase enzymes and catabolized by fructan exohydrolase enzymes. Several publications have shown that fructan metabolism varies with the stage of plant development and in response to the environment. Recent studies have shown a correlation between plant growth regulators (PGR), fructan metabolism, and tolerance to drought and cold. PGR are compounds that profoundly influence the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues, and organs. They play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to developmental and environmental signals. In this review, we summarize the most up-to-date knowledge on the metabolism of fructans and their crosstalk with PGR signaling pathways. We identify areas that require more research to complete our understanding of the role of fructans in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Márquez-López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Unidad Oaxaca, C.P. 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Patricia Araceli Santiago-García
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional - Unidad Oaxaca, C.P. 71230, Santa Cruz Xoxocotlán, Oaxaca, Mexico.
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Lima KRP, Cavalcante FLP, Paula-Marinho SDO, Pereira IMC, Lopes LDS, Nunes JVS, Coutinho ÍAC, Gomes-Filho E, Carvalho HHD. Metabolomic profiles exhibit the influence of endoplasmic reticulum stress on sorghum seedling growth over time. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 170:192-205. [PMID: 34902782 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stresses disturb the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein folding. However, primary metabolic responses induced by ER stress remain unclear. Thus, we investigated the morphophysiological and metabolomic changes under ER stress, induced by dithiothreitol (DTT) and tunicamycin (TM) treatments in sorghum seedlings from 24 to 96 h. The ER stress caused lipid peroxidation and increased the expression of SbBiP1, SbPDI, and SbIRE1. The development impairment was more pronounced in roots than in shoots as distinct metabolomic profiles were observed. DTT decreased root length, lateral roots, and root hair, while TM decreased mainly the root length. At 24 h, under ER stresses, the glutamic acid and o-acetyl-serine were biomarkers in the shoots. While homoserine, pyroglutamic acid, and phosphoric acid were candidates for roots. At the latest time (96 h), kestose and galactinol were key metabolites for shoots under DTT and TM, respectively. In roots, palatinose, trehalose, and alanine were common markers for DTT and TM late exposure. The accumulation of sugars such as arabinose and kestose occurred mainly in roots in the presence of DTT at a later time, which also inhibited glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). Amino acid metabolism was induced, which also contributed TCA components decreasing, such as succinate in shoots and citrate in roots. Thus, our study may provide new insights into primary metabolism modulated by ER stress and seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karollyny Roger Pereira Lima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP-60440-554, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Isabelle Mary Costa Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP-60440-554, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lineker de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP-60440-554, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enéas Gomes-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP-60440-554, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Humberto Henrique de Carvalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceará, CEP-60440-554, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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RNASeq analysis of drought-stressed guayule reveals the role of gene transcription for modulating rubber, resin, and carbohydrate synthesis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21610. [PMID: 34732788 PMCID: PMC8566568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The drought-adapted shrub guayule (Parthenium argentatum) produces rubber, a natural product of major commercial importance, and two co-products with potential industrial use: terpene resin and the carbohydrate fructan. The rubber content of guayule plants subjected to water stress is higher compared to that of well-irrigated plants, a fact consistently reported in guayule field evaluations. To better understand how drought influences rubber biosynthesis at the molecular level, a comprehensive transcriptome database was built from drought-stressed guayule stem tissues using de novo RNA-seq and genome-guided assembly, followed by annotation and expression analysis. Despite having higher rubber content, most rubber biosynthesis related genes were down-regulated in drought-stressed guayule, compared to well-irrigated plants, suggesting post-transcriptional effects may regulate drought-induced rubber accumulation. On the other hand, terpene resin biosynthesis genes were unevenly affected by water stress, implying unique environmental influences over transcriptional control of different terpene compounds or classes. Finally, drought induced expression of fructan catabolism genes in guayule and significantly suppressed these fructan biosynthesis genes. It appears then, that in guayule cultivation, irrigation levels might be calibrated in such a regime to enable tunable accumulation of rubber, resin and fructan.
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Luo W, Long Y, Feng Z, Li R, Huang X, Zhong J, Liu D, Zhao H. A γ-glutamylcysteine ligase AcGCL alleviates cadmium-inhibited fructooligosaccharides metabolism by modulating glutathione level in Allium cepa L. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 419:126255. [PMID: 34157465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are important carbohydrates in plants. Cadmium (Cd) toxicity limits growth and development in several plant species. Whether FOS metabolism is affected by Cd and the molecular mechanisms of tolerance of the effects of Cd toxicity in plants remain enigmatic. In the present study, FOS metabolism was analyzed under Cd stress in onion (Allium cepa L.). Results showed that Cd stress can inhibit FOS accumulation in onion, followed by the upregulation of a putative onion γ-glutamylcysteine ligase gene AcGCL. Heterologous expression of the AcGCL protein in Escherichia coli revealed that this recombinant enzyme has GCL activity. Furthermore, overexpressing AcGCL significantly increased glutathione (GSH) accumulation in young onion roots under Cd treatment, accompanied by increased phytochelatin (PC) amount, and increased transcript expression of GSH synthetase (GS), and phytochelatin synthase (PCS) genes. Notably, compared with control, overexpressing AcGCL ameliorated Cd phytotoxicity on onion FOS metabolism, which correlated with increased FOS synthesis. Taken together, these results suggest that the function of AcGCL as a γ-glutamylcysteine ligase can alleviate Cd inhibited FOS metabolism by modulating GSH levels in onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Long
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zili Feng
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhong
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, Department of Plant Molecular Physiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Dongyun Liu
- The Technology Center for Protein Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Vegetable Engineering and Technology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Fructan Improves Survival and Function of Cryopreserved Rat Islets. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092959. [PMID: 34578837 PMCID: PMC8470660 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of pancreatic islets enables their long-term storage and subsequent transplantation; however, post-cryopreservation, islets viability, and functions are reduced to a significant extent. Islet is composed of five cells (α cell, β cell, δ cell, ε cell, and PP cell), and blood vessels that carry the nutrition. Freezing technology of the organization has not developed a good method. This paper is studied using a fructan which has been found to effectively freeze protect a material of the cell. Islet transplantation has been established as an effective means of treating patients with type 1 diabetes. In this study, we demonstrated the effectiveness of using a fructan on the cryopreserved islets by showing valid results for diabetes. Isolated rat islets were cryopreserved using phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with different concentrations of fructan and/or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in FBS. The survival rates of the islets were estimated at different time intervals, and insulin secretion function was tested in vitro. Furthermore, the in vivo function was tested by syngeneic transplantation into streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, and the grafts were analyzed histologically and immunohistochemically. Fructan significantly increased islet survival; 30% fructan led to survival rates of more than 90% on day 3, which was significantly higher than those of the DMSO groups (p < 0.05). For both fructan and DMSO, the survival showed dose dependence, with the highest rates observed for 30% fructan and 10% DMSO, respectively (p < 0.05). The fructan groups showed a significantly increased insulin secretion volume in comparison to the DMSO groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, cell clusters of pancreatic islets were well maintained in the fructan group, whereas margin collapse and vacuolation were observed in the DMSO group. Three days after transplantation of pancreatic islets preserved with 30% fructan, the blood glucose levels of diabetic rats were restored to the normal range, and removal of transplanted pancreatic islets from the kidney led to a profound increase in blood glucose levels. Together, these results show that a fructan is effective at cryopreserving rat pancreatic islets for subsequent transplantation.
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Mohammadi F, Naghavi MR, Peighambari SA, Khosravi Dehaghi N, Khaldari I, Bravi E, Marconi O, Perretti G. Abscisic acid crosstalk with auxin and ethylene in biosynthesis and degradation of inulin-type fructans in chicory. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:636-642. [PMID: 33710751 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different hormones on fructan accumulation and the genes regulating biosynthesis and degradation is known; however, information on hormonal interaction mechanisms for fructan content and mean degree of polymerization (mDP) is limited. Cell suspension cultures of chicory were prepared and treated with abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), ethylene (ETH), ABA + AUX or ABA + ETH, then inulin concentration, mDP of inulin and expression of FAZY genes was determined. A low concentration of AUX and ETH increased fructan content, while a high concentration of AUX and ETH decreased it. Exogenous ABA increased mDP of inulin and this coincided with the low expression of 1-FEHII. In hormone interactions, ABA changed and adjusted the effect of both AUX and ETH. ABA, together with a low level of AUX and ETH, resulted in a decrease in inulin content and increase in mDP, which coincided with low expression of FEHII. ABA together with a high level of AUX and ETH caused an increase in inulin content with a lower mDP, which coincided with high expression of biosynthesis (1-FFT) and degradation (1-FEHII) genes. The effect of both AUX and ETH was almost the same, although the effect of ETH was more severe. ABA had a modulating role in combinations with AUX and ETH. Among biosynthesis and degradation genes, the expression of 1-FEHII was more affected by these hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mohammadi
- Division of Biotechnology, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - M R Naghavi
- Division of Biotechnology, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - S A Peighambari
- Division of Biotechnology, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - N Khosravi Dehaghi
- Evidence-Based Phytotherapy & Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - I Khaldari
- Division of Biotechnology, Agronomy and Plant Breeding Dept, Agricultural and Natural Resources College, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - E Bravi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - O Marconi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Perretti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Changes in Ethylene, ABA and Sugars Regulate Freezing Tolerance under Low-Temperature Waterlogging in Lolium perenne. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136700. [PMID: 34206693 PMCID: PMC8268127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant overwintering may be affected in the future by climate change. Low-temperature waterlogging, associated with a predicted increase in rainfall during autumn and winter, can affect freezing tolerance, which is the main component of winter hardiness. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of change in freezing tolerance caused by low-temperature waterlogging in Lolium perenne, a cool-season grass that is well adapted to a cold climate. The work included: (i) a freezing tolerance test (plant regrowth after freezing); (ii) analysis of plant phytohormones production (abscisic acid [ABA] content and ethylene emission); (iii) measurement of leaf water content and stomatal conductance; (iv) carbohydrate analysis; and (v) analysis of Aco1, ABF2, and FT1 transcript accumulation. Freezing tolerance may be improved as a result of cold waterlogging. The mechanism of this change is reliant on multifaceted actions of phytohormones and carbohydrates, whereas ethylene may counteract ABA signaling. The regulation of senescence processes triggered by concerted action of phytohormones and glucose signaling may be an essential component of this mechanism.
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Yoshida M. Fructan Structure and Metabolism in Overwintering Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050933. [PMID: 34067059 PMCID: PMC8151721 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In northern regions, annual and perennial overwintering plants such as wheat and temperate grasses accumulate fructan in vegetative tissues as an energy source. This is necessary for the survival of wintering tissues and degrading fructan for regeneration in spring. Other types of wintering plants, including chicory and asparagus, store fructan as a reserve carbohydrate in their roots during winter for shoot- and spear-sprouting in spring. In this review, fructan metabolism in plants during winter is discussed, with a focus on the fructan-degrading enzyme, fructan exohydrolase (FEH). Plant fructan synthase genes were isolated in the 2000s, and FEH genes have been isolated since the cloning of synthase genes. There are many types of FEH in plants with complex-structured fructan, and these FEHs control various kinds of fructan metabolism in growth and survival by different physiological responses. The results of recent studies on the fructan metabolism of plants in winter have shown that changes in fructan contents in wintering plants that are involved in freezing tolerance and snow mold resistance might be largely controlled by regulation of the expressions of genes for fructan synthesis, whereas fructan degradation by FEHs is related to constant energy consumption for survival during winter and rapid sugar supply for regeneration or sprouting of tissues in spring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Yoshida
- NARO Hokkaido National Agricultural Research Center, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
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Saddhe AA, Manuka R, Penna S. Plant sugars: Homeostasis and transport under abiotic stress in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:739-755. [PMID: 33215734 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The sessile nature of plants' life is endowed with a highly evolved defense system to adapt and survive under environmental extremes. To combat such stresses, plants have developed complex and well-coordinated molecular and metabolic networks encompassing genes, metabolites, and acclimation responses. These modulate growth, photosynthesis, osmotic maintenance, and carbohydrate homeostasis. Under a given stress condition, sugars act as key players in stress perception, signaling, and are a regulatory hub for stress-mediated gene expression ensuring responses of osmotic adjustment, scavenging of reactive oxygen species, and maintaining the cellular energy status through carbon partitioning. Several sugar transporters are known to regulate carbohydrate partitioning and key signal transduction steps involved in the perception of biotic and abiotic stresses. Sugar transporters such as SUGARS WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER (SWEETs), SUCROSE TRANSPORTERS (SUTs), and MONOSACCHARIDE TRANSPORTERS (MSTs) are involved in sugar loading and unloading as well as long-distance transport (source to sink) besides orchestrating oxidative and osmotic stress tolerance. It is thus necessary to understand the structure-function relationship of these sugar transporters to fine-tune the abiotic stress-modulated responses. Advances in genomics have unraveled many sugars signaling components playing a key role in cross-talk in abiotic stress pathways. An integrated omics approach may aid in the identification and characterization of sugar transporters that could become targets for developing stress tolerance plants to mitigate climate change effects and improve crop yield. In this review, we have presented an up-to-date analysis of the sugar homeostasis under abiotic stresses as well as describe the structure and functions of sugar transporters under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush A Saddhe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar Goa, India
| | - Rakesh Manuka
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Takahashi D, Johnson KL, Hao P, Tuong T, Erban A, Sampathkumar A, Bacic A, Livingston DP, Kopka J, Kuroha T, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K, Zuther E, Hincha DK. Cell wall modification by the xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase XTH19 influences freezing tolerance after cold and sub-zero acclimation. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:915-930. [PMID: 33190295 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Freezing triggers extracellular ice formation leading to cell dehydration and deformation during a freeze-thaw cycle. Many plant species increase their freezing tolerance during exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures, a process termed cold acclimation. In addition, exposure to mild freezing temperatures after cold acclimation evokes a further increase in freezing tolerance (sub-zero acclimation). Previous transcriptome and proteome analyses indicate that cell wall remodelling may be particularly important for sub-zero acclimation. In the present study, we used a combination of immunohistochemical, chemical and spectroscopic analyses to characterize the cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana and characterized a mutant in the XTH19 gene, encoding a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH). The mutant showed reduced freezing tolerance after both cold and sub-zero acclimation, compared to the Col-0 wild type, which was associated with differences in cell wall composition and structure. Most strikingly, immunohistochemistry in combination with 3D reconstruction of centres of rosette indicated that epitopes of the xyloglucan-specific antibody LM25 were highly abundant in the vasculature of Col-0 plants after sub-zero acclimation but absent in the XTH19 mutant. Taken together, our data shed new light on the potential roles of cell wall remodelling for the increased freezing tolerance observed after low temperature acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takahashi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama City, Saitama
| | - Kim L Johnson
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Sino-Australian Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Sino-Australian Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tan Tuong
- USDA and Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexander Erban
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arun Sampathkumar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Antony Bacic
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- Sino-Australian Plant Cell Wall Research Centre, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David P Livingston
- USDA and Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joachim Kopka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Division of Applied Genetics, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishitani
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Potsdam, Germany
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Fonseca ALC, Magalhães TA, Melo LA, Oliveira LS, Brondani GE. Rescue and vegetative propagation of Eremanthus erythropappus (DC.) MacLeish in natural stand. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 81:566-574. [PMID: 32876166 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.225119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The native stands of 'candeia' (Eremanthus erythropappus) have been explored through management plans due to the economic potential of essential oil. The rescue of adult trees, as well as the application of silvicultural techniques that favor the restoration of the stand, can contribute to the genetic conservation of this species. This study's objective was to assess the efficiency of propagation techniques for the rescue of 26 matrices of 'candeia' in a natural managed stand and discussion about the rhizogenesis. In August 2017, trees were induced to regrowth by coppice, followed by exposure and scarification of roots. The emergence of shoots and morphology were evaluated according to the origin (i.e., stump or root). After that period, 19 matrices had their sprouts collected for the preparation of apical cuttings. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was applied at the base of the cuttings. Cutting survival at greenhouse exit (GE), rooting at shade house exit (SHE), morphology and root anatomy were evaluated. In 189 days, the scarification of roots promoted 76.92% of budding. The percentage of sprouted matrices, number of shoots per matrice, length, diameter, and shoot length/diameter ratio increased over time. Only 12.2% of the cuttings survived in GE, and of these, 7.9% rooted in SHE. The cutting resulted in the formation of a clonal mini-garden of 'candeia', with seven of the 19 matrices submitted to propagation. The anatomical analyses showed that bud formation occurs from cell redifferentiation in the phloem parenchyma, and presence of crystals on the walls of the vessel elements of the secondary xylem. The shoots induction from scarification of roots could be used as a silvicultural practice for the reestablishment of the native fragments handle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L C Fonseca
- ªDepartamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, universitário, s.n., CP 3037, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - T A Magalhães
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, universitário, s.n., CP 3037, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - L A Melo
- ªDepartamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, universitário, s.n., CP 3037, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil
| | - L S Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Universitária, universitário, CEP 39404-547, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - G E Brondani
- ªDepartamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, universitário, s.n., CP 3037, CEP 37200-900, Lavras, MG, Brasil
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Kırtel O, Aydın H, Toksoy Öner E. Fructanogenic traits in halotolerant Bacillus licheniformis OK12 and their predicted functional significance. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1391-1404. [PMID: 33484024 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Isolating a novel bacterial source of fructan from a saltern and analysis of its genome to better understand the possible roles of fructans in hypersaline environments. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacteria were isolated from crude salt samples originating from Çamaltı Saltern in Western Turkey and screened for fructanogenic traits in high-salt and sucrose-rich selective medium. Exopolysaccharide accumulated in the presence of sucrose by isolate OK12 was purified and chemically characterized via HPLC, FT-IR and NMR, which revealed that it was a levan-type fructan (β-2,6 linked homopolymer of fructose). The isolate was taxonomically classified as Bacillus licheniformis OK12 through 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequencing methods. Strain OK12 harbours one levansucrase and two different levanase genes, which altogether were predicted to significantly contribute to intracellular glucose and fructose pools. The isolate could withstand 15% NaCl, and thus classified as a halotolerant. CONCLUSIONS Fructanogenic traits in halotolerant B. licheniformis OK12 are significant due to predicted influx of glucose and fructose as a result of levan biosynthesis and levan hydrolysis, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Fructans from the residents of hypersaline habitats are underexplored compounds and are expected to demonstrate physicochemical properties different from their non-halophilic counterparts. Revealing fructanogenic traits in the genome of a halotolerant bacterium brings up a new perspective in physiological roles of fructans.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kırtel
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group-IBSB, Bioengineering Department, Göztepe Campus, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - H Aydın
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group-IBSB, Bioengineering Department, Göztepe Campus, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Toksoy Öner
- Industrial Biotechnology and Systems Biology Research Group-IBSB, Bioengineering Department, Göztepe Campus, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Magaña Ugarte R, Escudero A, Gavilán RG. Assessing the Role of Selected Osmolytes in Mediterranean High-Mountain Specialists. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.576122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the constraining weight of summer drought over plant life which distinguishes Mediterranean high-mountains, and its anticipated exacerbation under the current climate crisis, there is still little knowledge of the underlying drought-endurance mechanisms in Mediterranean high-mountain species, such as osmolyte accumulation. To fill this gap, we studied the role of two of the most frequent osmoregulators in plants, proline and osmotically active carbohydrates (OAC), as pointers of the drought-stress response in seven high-mountain plant species representative of the high-mountain plant communities in Central Spain, along an elevation gradient. Overall, our results are consistent with the escalation of summer drought and suggest the involvement of osmolytes to sustain plant activity in these specialists during the growing season. Proline content showed a steadily increasing pattern in line with the seasonal aggravation of summer drought. The significant rise in mean proline in most species, coinciding with the periods with the greatest decline in soil water content, suggests the recurrent role of proline in the drought-stress response in the studied specialists. The lack of significant differences between elevations and the minimal seasonal variations in the OAC content suggest a fixed OAC content independent of functional type to sustain metabolic functions under summer drought. Moreover, these findings allow inferring the action of both OAC and proline as osmoregulators, allowing to support plant functions in these specialists under atypically dry conditions. Overall, our findings are consistent with proline as a major osmoprotectant strategy over OAC buildup in these specialists, which may be related to an adaptation strategy associated with the briefness of the growing season and the incidence of less favorable conditions in Mediterranean high-mountains.
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47
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Reyes-Bahamonde C, Piper FI, Cavieres LA. Carbon allocation to growth and storage depends on elevation provenance in an herbaceous alpine plant of Mediterranean climate. Oecologia 2021; 195:299-312. [PMID: 33459865 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04839-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It is unclear whether the frequently observed increase in non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plants exposed to low temperatures or drought reflects a higher sensitivity of growth than photosynthesis in such conditions (i.e. sink limitation), or a prioritization of carbon (C) allocation to storage. Alpine areas in Mediterranean-type climate regions are characterized by precipitation increases and temperature decreases with elevation. Thus, alpine plants with wide elevational ranges in Mediterranean regions may be good models to examine these alternative hypotheses. We evaluated storage and growth during experimental darkness and re-illumination in individuals of the alpine plant Phacelia secunda from three elevations in the Andes of central Chile. We hypothesized that storage is prioritized regarding growth in plants of both low- and high elevations where drought and cold stress are greatest, respectively. We expected that decreases in NSC concentrations during darkness should be minimal and, more importantly, increases in NSC after re-illumination should be higher than increases in biomass. We found that darkness caused a significant decrease in NSC concentrations of both low- and high-elevation plants, but the magnitude of the decrease was lower in the latter. Re-illumination caused higher increase in NSC concentration than in biomass in both low- and high-elevation plants (1.5- and 1.9-fold, respectively). Our study shows that C allocation in Phacelia secunda reflects ecotypic differences among elevation provenances and suggests that low temperature, but not drought, favours C allocation to storage over growth after severe C limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Reyes-Bahamonde
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. .,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Frida I Piper
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Moraleda 16, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Lohengrin A Cavieres
- ECOBIOSIS, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.,Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Chang CYY, Bräutigam K, Hüner NPA, Ensminger I. Champions of winter survival: cold acclimation and molecular regulation of cold hardiness in evergreen conifers. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:675-691. [PMID: 32869329 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Evergreen conifers are champions of winter survival, based on their remarkable ability to acclimate to cold and develop cold hardiness. Counterintuitively, autumn cold acclimation is triggered not only by exposure to low temperature, but also by a combination of decreasing temperature, decreasing photoperiod and changes in light quality. These environmental cues control a network of signaling pathways that coordinate cold acclimation and cold hardiness in overwintering conifers, leading to cessation of growth, bud dormancy, freezing tolerance and changes in energy metabolism. Advances in genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic tools for conifers have improved our understanding of how trees sense and respond to changes in temperature and light during cold acclimation and the development of cold hardiness, but there remain considerable gaps deserving further research in conifers. In the first section of this review, we focus on the physiological mechanisms used by evergreen conifers to adjust metabolism seasonally and to protect overwintering tissues against winter stresses. In the second section, we review how perception of low temperature and photoperiod regulate the induction of cold acclimation. Finally, we explore the evolutionary context of cold acclimation in conifers and evaluate challenges imposed on them by changing climate and discuss emerging areas of research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Yao-Yun Chang
- Soil and Crop Sciences Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Katharina Bräutigam
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L1C6, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Experimental Climate Change Research Centre, Western University, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada
| | - Ingo Ensminger
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L1C6, Canada
- Graduate Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
- Graduate Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3B2, Canada
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49
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Al-Sheikh Ahmed S, Zhang J, Farhan H, Zhang Y, Yu Z, Islam S, Chen J, Cricelli S, Foreman A, den Ende WV, Ma W, Dell B. Diurnal Changes in Water Soluble Carbohydrate Components in Leaves and Sucrose Associated TaSUT1 Gene Expression during Grain Development in Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218276. [PMID: 33167324 PMCID: PMC7663803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In plant tissues, sugar levels are determined by the balance between sugar import, export, and sugar synthesis. So far, water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) dynamics have not been investigated in a diurnal context in wheat stems as compared to the dynamics in flag leaves during the terminal phases of grain filling. Here, we filled this research gap and tested the hypothesis that WSC dynamics interlink with gene expression of TaSUT1. The main stems and flag leaves of two genotypes, Westonia and Kauz, were sampled at four hourly intervals over a 24 h period at six developmental stages from heading to 28 DAA (days after anthesis). The total levels of WSC and WSC components were measured, and TaSUT1 gene expression was quantified at 21 DAA. On average, the total WSC and fructan levels in the stems were double those in the flag leaves. In both cultivars, diurnal patterns in the total WSC and sucrose were detected in leaves across all developmental stages, but not for the fructans 6-kestose and bifurcose. However, in stems, diurnal patterns of the total WSC and fructan were only found at anthesis in Kauz. The different levels of WSC and WSC components between Westonia and Kauz are likely associated with leaf chlorophyll levels and fructan degradation, especially 6-kestose degradation. High correlation between levels of TaSUT1 expression and sucrose in leaves indicated that TaSUT1 expression is likely to be influenced by the level of sucrose in leaves, and the combination of high levels of TaSUT1 expression and sucrose in Kauz may contribute to its high grain yield under well-watered conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Al-Sheikh Ahmed
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (S.A.-S.A.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.I.); (J.C.); (W.M.)
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (S.A.-S.A.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.I.); (J.C.); (W.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (B.D.)
| | - Hussein Farhan
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (S.A.-S.A.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.I.); (J.C.); (W.M.)
| | - Yingquan Zhang
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (S.A.-S.A.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.I.); (J.C.); (W.M.)
| | - Zitong Yu
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (S.A.-S.A.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.I.); (J.C.); (W.M.)
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (S.A.-S.A.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.I.); (J.C.); (W.M.)
| | - Jiansheng Chen
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (S.A.-S.A.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.I.); (J.C.); (W.M.)
| | - Sanda Cricelli
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia; (S.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrew Foreman
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia; (S.C.); (A.F.)
| | | | - Wujun Ma
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (S.A.-S.A.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.I.); (J.C.); (W.M.)
| | - Bernard Dell
- Agricultural Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia; (S.A.-S.A.); (H.F.); (Y.Z.); (Z.Y.); (S.I.); (J.C.); (W.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (B.D.)
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50
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Cui P, Li Y, Cui C, Huo Y, Lu G, Yang H. Proteomic and metabolic profile analysis of low-temperature storage responses in Ipomoea batata Lam. tuberous roots. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:435. [PMID: 32957906 PMCID: PMC7507648 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the seven major food crops grown worldwide. Cold stress often can cause protein expression pattern and substance contents variations for tuberous roots of sweetpotato during low-temperature storage. Recently, we developed proteometabolic profiles of the fresh sweetpotatoes (cv. Xinxiang) in an attempt to discern the cold stress-responsive mechanism of tuberous root crops during post-harvest storage. RESULTS For roots stored under 4 °C condition, the CI index, REC and MDA content in roots were significantly higher than them at control temperature (13 °C). The activities of SOD, CAT, APX, O2.- producing rate, proline and especially soluble sugar contents were also significantly increased. Most of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were implicated in pathways related to metabolic pathway, especially phenylpropanoids and followed by starch and sucrose metabolism. L-ascorbate peroxidase 3 and catalase were down-regulated during low temperature storage. α-amylase, sucrose synthase and fructokinase were significantly up-regulated in starch and sucrose metabolism, while β-glucosidase, glucose-1-phosphate adenylyl-transferase and starch synthase were opposite. Furthermore, metabolome profiling revealed that glucosinolate biosynthesis, tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis as well as protein digestion and absorption played a leading role in metabolic pathways of roots. Leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, isoleucine and valine were all significantly up-regulated in glucosinolate biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS Our proteomic and metabolic profile analysis of sweetpotatoes stored at low temperature reveal that the antioxidant enzymes activities, proline and especially soluble sugar content were significantly increased. Most of the DEPs were implicated in phenylpropanoids and followed by starch and sucrose metabolism. The discrepancy between proteomic (L-ascorbate peroxidase 3 and catalase) and biochemical (CAT/APX activity) data may be explained by higher H2O2 levels and increased ascorbate redox states, which enhanced the CAT/APX activity indirectly. Glucosinolate biosynthesis played a leading role in metabolic pathways. Leucine, tryptophan, tyrosine, isoleucine and valine were all significantly up-regulated in glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Chenke Cui
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yanrong Huo
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Guoquan Lu
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Huqing Yang
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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