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Cheng X, Zhou G, Chen W, Tan L, Long Q, Cui F, Tan L, Zou G, Tan Y. Current status of molecular rice breeding for durable and broad-spectrum resistance to major diseases and insect pests. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:219. [PMID: 39254868 PMCID: PMC11387466 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
In the past century, there have been great achievements in identifying resistance (R) genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) as well as revealing the corresponding molecular mechanisms for resistance in rice to major diseases and insect pests. The introgression of R genes to develop resistant rice cultivars has become the most effective and eco-friendly method to control pathogens/insects at present. However, little attention has been paid to durable and broad-spectrum resistance, which determines the real applicability of R genes. Here, we summarize all the R genes and QTLs conferring durable and broad-spectrum resistance in rice to fungal blast, bacterial leaf blight (BLB), and the brown planthopper (BPH) in molecular breeding. We discuss the molecular mechanisms and feasible methods of improving durable and broad-spectrum resistance to blast, BLB, and BPH. We will particularly focus on pyramiding multiple R genes or QTLs as the most useful method to improve durability and broaden the disease/insect spectrum in practical breeding regardless of its uncertainty. We believe that this review provides useful information for scientists and breeders in rice breeding for multiple stress resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Cheng
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yichun, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Jiangxi Super-Rice Research and Development Center, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Breeding, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Rice, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tan
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yichun, People's Republic of China
| | - Qishi Long
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yichun, People's Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Cui
- Yichun Academy of Sciences (Jiangxi Selenium-Rich Industry Research Institute), Yichun, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tan
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yichun, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxing Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Rice (Nanchang), Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Tan
- Jiangxi Tiandao Liangan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., 568 South Huancheng Rd., Yuanzhou Dist., Yichun, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangxi Super-Rice Research and Development Center, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Breeding, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center for Rice, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.
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Ruan B, Wu H, Jiang Y, Qiu J, Chen F, Zhang Y, Qiao Y, Tang M, Ma Y, Qian Q, Wu L, Yu Y. SPL50 Regulates Cell Death and Resistance to Magnaporthe Oryzae in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 17:51. [PMID: 39136883 PMCID: PMC11322501 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-024-00731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of spotted leaf 50 (spl50), a novel lesion mimic mutant (LMM) in rice, provides critical insights into the mechanisms underlying programmed cell death (PCD) and innate immunity in plants. RESULTS Based on ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutagenesis, the spl50 mutant mimics hypersensitive responses in the absence of pathogen by displaying spontaneous necrotic lesions after the tillering phase. SPL50, an ARM repeat protein essential for controlling reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and boosting resistance to blast disease, was identified by map-based cloning techniques. This work also demonstrates the detrimental effects of spl50 on photosynthetic efficiency and chloroplast development. The crucial significance of SPL50 in cellular signaling and stress response is shown by its localization to the cytoplasm and constitutive expression in various plant tissues. In light of growing concerns regarding global food security, this study highlights the pivotal role of SPL50 in regulating programmed cell death (PCD) and enhancing the immune response in plants, contributing to strategies for improving crop disease resistance. CONCLUSIONS The novel identification of the SPL50 gene in rice, encoding an ARM repeat protein, reveals its pivotal role in regulating PCD and innate immune responses independently of pathogen attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banpu Ruan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Hui Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yaohuang Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Mingyue Tang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Yingying Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China.
| | - Limin Wu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Yanchun Yu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
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Wang H, Ye X, Bi Y, Yan Y, Li D, Song F. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor OseEF1A negatively regulates rice immunity against blast disease. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1796-1801. [PMID: 38593031 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xuan Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yan Bi
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Li C, Yan L, Liu Q, Tian R, Wang S, Umer MF, Jalil MJ, Lohani MN, Liu Y, Tang H, Xu Q, Jiang Q, Chen G, Qi P, Jiang Y, Gou L, Yao Q, Zheng Y, Wei Y, Ma J. Integration of transcriptomics, metabolomics, and hormone analysis revealed the formation of lesion spots inhibited by GA and CTK was related to cell death and disease resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:558. [PMID: 38877396 PMCID: PMC11179392 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is one of the important grain crops in the world. The formation of lesion spots related to cell death is involved in disease resistance, whereas the regulatory pathway of lesion spot production and resistance mechanism to pathogens in wheat is largely unknown. RESULTS In this study, a pair of NILs (NIL-Lm5W and NIL-Lm5M) was constructed from the BC1F4 population by the wheat lesion mimic mutant MC21 and its wild genotype Chuannong 16. The formation of lesion spots in NIL-Lm5M significantly increased its resistance to stripe rust, and NIL-Lm5M showed superiour agronomic traits than NIL-Lm5W under stripe rust infection.Whereafter, the NILs were subjected to transcriptomic (stage N: no spots; stage S, only a few spots; and stage M, numerous spots), metabolomic (stage N and S), and hormone analysis (stage S), with samples taken from normal plants in the field. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in plant-pathogen interaction, and defense-related genes were significantly upregulated following the formation of lesion spots. Metabolomic analysis showed that the differentially accumulated metabolites were enriched in energy metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Correlation network diagrams of transcriptomic and metabolomic showed that they were both enriched in energy metabolism. Additionally, the contents of gibberellin A7, cis-Zeatin, and abscisic acid were decreased in leaves upon lesion spot formation, whereas the lesion spots in NIL-Lm5M leaves were restrained by spaying GA and cytokinin (CTK, trans-zeatin) in the field. CONCLUSION The formation of lesion spots can result in cell death and enhance strip rust resistance by protein degradation pathway and defense-related genes overexpression in wheat. Besides, the formation of lesion spots was significantly affected by GA and CTK. Altogether, these results may contribute to the understanding of lesion spot formation in wheat and laid a foundation for regulating the resistance mechanism to stripe rust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Surong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Faisal Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid Jalil
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Md Nahibuzzaman Lohani
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiantao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengfei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Qifu Yao
- College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region, Tongren University, Tongren, 554300, China
| | - Youliang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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Shi H, Xiong Q, Zhao Z, Zhou L, Yin J, Lu X, Chen X, Wang J. Disruption of the Novel Small Protein RBR7 Leads to Enhanced Plant Resistance to Blast Disease. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:42. [PMID: 37733139 PMCID: PMC10513991 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant disease is a threat to global food security. Breeding crops carrying broad-spectrum resistance loci is an effective way to control infectious disease. Disease-resistant mutants are valuable resources for deciphering the underlying mechanisms of plant immunity and could provide genetic loci to generate disease-resistant crops. Here, we identified a rice mutant, rbr7 (rice blast resistance 7), that confers resistance against different strains of Magnaporthe oryzae. Disease-mimicking necrotic lesions started to appear on the leaves of rbr7 four weeks after sowing. Histochemical analysis revealed reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell death accompanied by spontaneous lesion formation in rbr7. Map-based cloning and bulk segregation analysis showed a 2855 bp fragment deletion on chromosome 5, leading to the disruption of the LOC_Os05g28480-coding protein. Transgenic rbr7 complementation plants showed compromised resistance to rice blast, indicating that LOC_Os05g28480, or Rbr7, regulates the rice immune response. Rbr7 encodes a small protein of unknown function with 85 amino acids. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that disruption of RBR7 led to the upregulation of genes responding to salicylic acid, systemic acquired resistance and pathogenesis-related genes. Taken together, our findings reveal insights into a novel small protein involved in regulating plant resistance to rice blast and provide a potential target for crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Shan C, Zhang L, Chen L, Li S, Zhang Y, Ye L, Lin Y, Kuang W, Shi X, Ma J, Adnan M, Sun X, Cui R. Interaction of negative regulator OsWD40-193 with OseEF1A1 inhibits Oryza sativa resistance to Hirschmanniella mucronata infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125841. [PMID: 37479204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a crucial food crop worldwide, but it is highly susceptible to Hirschmanniella mucronata, a migratory parasitic nematode. No rice variety has been identified that could resist H. mucronata infection. Therefore, it is very important to study the interaction between rice and H. mucronata to breed resistant rice varieties. Here, we demonstrated that protein OsWD40-193 interacted with the extension factor OseEF1A1 and both were negative regulators inhibiting rice resistance to H. mucronata infection. Overexpression of either OsWD40-193 or OseEF1A1 led to enhance susceptibility to H. mucronata, whereas the absence of OsWD40-193 or OseEF1A1 led to resistance. Further transcriptomic analysis showed that OseEF1A1 deletion altered the expression of genes association with salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and abolic acid signaling pathways and increased the accumulation of secondary metabolites to enhance resistance in rice. Our study showed that H. mucronata infection affected the expression of negative regulators in rice and inhibited rice resistance, which was conducive to the infection of nematode. Together, our data showed that H. mucronata affected the expression of negative regulators to facilitate its infection and provided potential target genes to engineering resistance germplasm via gene editing of the negative regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chonglei Shan
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Lianhu Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
| | - Lanlan Chen
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Songyan Li
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Yachun Lin
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Weigang Kuang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xugen Shi
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Xiaotang Sun
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
| | - Ruqiang Cui
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China.
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Gu Q, Kang J, Gao S, Zhao Y, Yi H, Zha X. Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Factor OsEF1A Positively Regulates Drought Tolerance and Yield in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2593. [PMID: 37514208 PMCID: PMC10383209 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the most serious stresses affecting rice growth. Drought stress causes accelerated senescence, reduced fertility, and subsequent reductions in crop yield. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor EF1A is an important multifunctional protein that plays an essential role in the translation of eukaryotic proteins. In this study, we localized and cloned the OsEF1A gene in rice (Oryza sativa) in order to clarify its role in drought tolerance and yield. Subcellular localization revealed that it was mainly localized to the cell membrane, cytoskeleton and nucleus. Compared with the wild-type, OsEF1A overexpressing transgenic plants had significantly more tillers and grains per plant, resulting in a significantly higher yield. Increases in the relative water content and proline content were also observed in the transgenic seedlings under drought stress, with a decrease in the malondialdehyde content, all of which are representative of drought tolerance. Taken together, these findings suggest that OsEF1A plays a positive regulatory role in rice nutritional development under drought stress. These findings will help support future studies aimed at improving yield and stress tolerance in rice at the molecular level, paving the way for a new green revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Junfang Kang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Yarui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Huan Yi
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, China
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Zhao M, Guo Y, Sun H, Dai J, Peng X, Wu X, Yun H, Zhang L, Qian Y, Li X, He G, Zhang C. Lesion mimic mutant 8 balances disease resistance and growth in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1189926. [PMID: 37342136 PMCID: PMC10278592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1189926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Lesion-mimic mutants (LMM) spontaneously produce necrotic spots, a process not affected by environmental stress or pathogen infection. In this study, we identified a LMM, lesion mimic mutant 8 (lmm8) in rice (Oryza sativa). The lmm8 mutant produces brown and off-white lesions on its leaves during the second- and third-leaf stages. The lesion mimic phenotype of the lmm8 mutant was enhanced by light. At the mature stage, lmm8 mutant are shorter and exhibit inferior agronomic traits than the wild type. Contents of photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast fluorescence were significantly reduced in lmm8 leaves, along with increased production of reactive oxygen species and programmed cell death compared to the wild type. The mutated gene was identified as LMM8 (LOC_Os01g18320) by map-based cloning. A point mutation occurred in LMM8, causing a Leu to Arg mutation of the 146th amino acid of LMM8. It is an allele of SPRL1, encoding a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPOX) located in chloroplasts and involved in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole in chloroplasts. The lmm8 mutant showed enhanced resistance and broad-spectrum resistance. Together, our results demonstrate the importance of rice LMM8 protein in defense responses and plant growth in rice, and provides theoretical support for resistance breeding to improve rice yield.
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Shen E, Wang X, Lu Z, Zhou F, Ma W, Cui Z, Li Z, Li C, Lin Y. Overexpression of a beta-1,6-glucanase gene GluM in transgenic rice confers high resistance to rice blast, sheath blight and false smut. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2152-2162. [PMID: 36729081 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent fungal diseases tend to lead to severe losses in rice production. As a main component of the fungal cell wall, glucan plays an important role in the growth and development of fungi. Glucanase can inhibit the growth of fungi by breaking glycosidic bonds, and may be a promising target for developing rice varieties with broad-spectrum disease resistance. RESULTS We transferred a codon-optimized β-1,6-glucanase gene (GluM) from myxobacteria into the japonica rice variety Zhonghua11 (ZH11), and obtained a large number of individual transgenic plants with GluM overexpression. Based on molecular analysis, three single-copy homozygous lines with GluM overexpression were selected for assessment of fungal disease resistance at the T3 generation. Compared with that of the recipient cultivar ZH11, the area of rice blast lesion in transgenic rice was reduced by 82.71%; that of sheath blight lesion was decreased by 35.76%-43.67%; the sheath blight resistance in the field was enhanced by an average of 0.75 grade over 3 years; and the incidence of diseased panicles due to rice false smut was decreased by 65.79%. More importantly, there was no obvious loss of yield (without a significant effect on agronomic traits). Furthermore, plants overexpressing a β-1,6-glucanase gene showed higher disease resistance than rice plants overexpressing a β-1,3-glucanase gene derived from tobacco. CONCLUSION The β-1,6-glucanase gene GluM can confer broad-spectrum disease resistance to rice, providing an environmentally friendly alternative way to effectively manage fungal pathogens in rice production. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enlong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingchao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoxi Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhongli Cui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Interaction and Crop Health, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhoukun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changyan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang P, Ma X, Liu L, Mao C, Hu Y, Yan B, Guo J, Liu X, Shi J, Lee GS, Pan X, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Kang Z, Qiao Y. MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 negatively regulates rice immunity by modulating PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1132-1150. [PMID: 36815292 PMCID: PMC10231465 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are valuable genetic resources for unraveling plant defense responses including programmed cell death. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) LMM, spotted leaf 38 (spl38), and demonstrated that spl38 is essential for the formation of hypersensitive response-like lesions and innate immunity. Map-based cloning revealed that SPL38 encodes MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 (OsMED16). The spl38 mutant showed enhanced resistance to rice pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and exhibited delayed flowering, while OsMED16-overexpressing plants showed increased rice susceptibility to M. oryzae. The OsMED16-edited rice lines were phenotypically similar to the spl38 mutant but were extremely weak, exhibited growth retardation, and eventually died. The C-terminus of OsMED16 showed interaction with the positive immune regulator PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 (OsPR3), resulting in the competitive repression of its chitinase and chitin-binding activities. Furthermore, the ospr3 osmed16 double mutants did not exhibit the lesion mimic phenotype of the spl38 mutant. Strikingly, OsMED16 exhibited an opposite function in plant defense relative to that of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtMED16, most likely because of 2 amino acid substitutions between the monocot and dicot MED16s tested. Collectively, our findings suggest that OsMED16 negatively regulates cell death and immunity in rice, probably via the OsPR3-mediated chitin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chanjuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yongkang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bingxiao Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinxia Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeon Ju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowu Pan
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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11
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Hong Y, Zhang M, Xu R. Genetic Localization and Homologous Genes Mining for Barley Grain Size. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054932. [PMID: 36902360 PMCID: PMC10003025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain size is an important agronomic trait determining barley yield and quality. An increasing number of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) for grain size have been reported due to the improvement in genome sequencing and mapping. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underpinning barley grain size is vital for producing elite cultivars and accelerating breeding processes. In this review, we summarize the achievements in the molecular mapping of barley grain size over the past two decades, highlighting the results of QTL linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies. We discuss the QTL hotspots and predict candidate genes in detail. Moreover, reported homologs that determine the seed size clustered into several signaling pathways in model plants are also listed, providing the theoretical basis for mining genetic resources and regulatory networks of barley grain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mengna Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rugen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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12
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Vuong UT, Iswanto ABB, Nguyen Q, Kang H, Lee J, Moon J, Kim SH. Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:17-45. [PMID: 36036862 PMCID: PMC9829404 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Vuong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Quang‐Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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13
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Zhao Q, Shi XS, Wang T, Chen Y, Yang R, Mi J, Zhang YW, Zhang YM. Identification of QTNs, QTN-by-environment interactions, and their candidate genes for grain size traits in main crop and ratoon rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119218. [PMID: 36818826 PMCID: PMC9933869 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although grain size is an important quantitative trait affecting rice yield and quality, there are few studies on gene-by-environment interactions (GEIs) in genome-wide association studies, especially, in main crop (MC) and ratoon rice (RR). To address these issues, the phenotypes for grain width (GW), grain length (GL), and thousand grain weight (TGW) of 159 accessions of MC and RR in two environments were used to associate with 2,017,495 SNPs for detecting quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) and QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) using 3VmrMLM. As a result, 64, 71, 67, 72, 63, and 56 QTNs, and 0, 1, 2, 2, 2, and 1 QEIs were found to be significantly associated with GW in MC (GW-MC), GL-MC, TGW-MC, GW-RR, GL-RR, and TGW-RR, respectively. 3, 4, 7, 2, 2, and 4 genes were found to be truly associated with the above traits, respectively, while 2 genes around the above QEIs were found to be truly associated with GL-RR, and one of the two known genes was differentially expressed under two soil moisture conditions. 10, 7, 1, 8, 4, and 3 candidate genes were found by differential expression and GO annotation analysis to be around the QTNs for the above traits, respectively, in which 6, 3, 1, 2, 0, and 2 candidate genes were found to be significant in haplotype analysis. The gene Os03g0737000 around one QEI for GL-MC was annotated as salt stress related gene and found to be differentially expressed in two cultivars with different grain sizes. Among all the candidate genes around the QTNs in this study, four were key, in which two were reported to be truly associated with seed development, and two (Os02g0626100 for GL-MC and Os02g0538000 for GW-MC) were new. Moreover, 1, 2, and 1 known genes, along with 8 additional candidate genes and 2 candidate GEIs, were found to be around QTNs and QEIs for GW, GL, and TGW, respectively in MC and RR joint analysis, in which 3 additional candidate genes were key and new. Our results provided a solid foundation for genetic improvement and molecular breeding in MC and RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Shi Shi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Yang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Mi
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Centre of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Wen Zhang, ; Jiaming Mi,
| | - Ya-Wen Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Ya-Wen Zhang, ; Jiaming Mi,
| | - Yuan-Ming Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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14
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The Gain-of-Function Mutation, OsSpl26, Positively Regulates Plant Immunity in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214168. [PMID: 36430644 PMCID: PMC9697700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice spotted-leaf mutants are ideal materials to study the molecular mechanism underlying programmed cell death and disease resistance in plants. LOC_Os07g04820 has previously been identified as the candidate gene responsible for the spotted-leaf phenotype in rice Spotted-leaf 26 (Spl26) mutant. Here, we cloned and validated that LOC_Os07g04820 is the locus controlling the spotted-leaf phenotype of Spl26 by reverse functional complementation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the mutant allele. The recessive wild-type spl26 allele (Oryza sativa spotted-leaf 26, Osspl26) is highly conservative in grass species and encodes a putative G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinase with 444 amino acid residuals. OsSPL26 localizes to the plasma membrane and can be detected constitutively in roots, stems, leaves, sheaths and panicles. The single base substitution from T to A at position 293 leads to phenylalanine/tyrosine replacement at position 98 in the encoded protein in the mutant and induces excessive accumulation of H2O2, leading to oxidative damage to cells, and finally, formation of the spotted-leaf phenotype in Spl26. The formation of lesions not only affects the growth and development of the plants but also activates the defense response and enhances the resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Our results indicate that the gain-of-function by the mutant allele OsSpl26 positively regulates cell death and immunity in rice.
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15
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Xu J, Zhang N, Wang K, Xian Q, Dong J, Chen X. Exploring new strategies in diseases resistance of horticultural crops. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.1021350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Horticultural crops are susceptible to various biotic stressors including fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, viruses, and root-knot nematodes. These pathogens limit the growth, development, yield, and quality of horticultural crops, and also limit their adaptability and geographic distribution. The continuous cropping model in horticultural facilities exacerbates soil-borne diseases, and severely restricts yield, quality, and productivity. Recent progress in the understanding of mechanisms that confer tolerance to different diseases through innovative strategies including host-induced gene silencing (HIGS), targeting susceptibility genes, and rootstocks grafting applications are reviewed to systematically explore the resistance mechanisms against horticultural plant diseases. Future work should successfully breed resistant varieties using these strategies combined with molecular biologic methods.
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16
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Ren D, Xie W, Xu Q, Hu J, Zhu L, Zhang G, Zeng D, Qian Q. LSL1 controls cell death and grain production by stabilizing chloroplast in rice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2148-2161. [PMID: 35960419 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mutants can be valuable tools to reveal the interactions between genetic factors and environmental signals and to improve grain production. Here we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, lesion spotleaf1 (lsl1), which produces necrotic leaf lesions throughout its life cycle. LSL1 encodes a protein of unknown function and belongs to a grass-specific clade. The lesion phenotype of the lsl1 mutant was sharply induced by shading, and its detached leaves incubated in 6-benzylamino purine similarly formed lesions in the dark. In addition, the lsl1 mutant exhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell death. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and comet assays revealed that the lsl1 mutant contained severe DNA damage, resulting in reduced grain yield and quality. RNA sequencing, gene expression, and protein activity analyses indicate that LSL1 is required for chloroplast function. Furthermore, LSL1 interacts with PsaD and PAP10 to form a regulatory module that functions in chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development to maintain redox balance. Our results reveal that LSL1 maintains chloroplast structure, redox homeostasis, and DNA stability, and plays important roles in the interaction between genetic factors and environmental signals and in regulating grain size and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiankun Xu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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17
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Liu F, Ma Z, Cai S, Dai L, Gao J, Zhou B. ATP-citrate lyase B (ACLB) negatively affects cell death and resistance to Verticillium wilt. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:443. [PMID: 36114469 PMCID: PMC9479425 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) plays a pivotal role in histone acetylation and aerobic glycolysis. In plant, ACL is a heteromeric enzyme composed of ACLA (45 kD) and ACLB (65 kD). So far, the function of ACL genes in cotton still remains unknown. RESULTS Here, we identified three ACLA homologous sequences and two ACLB homologous in each genome/sub-genome of cotton species. Silencing ACLB in cotton led to cell death at newly-grown leaves and stem apexes. Simultaneously, in ACLB-silenced plants, transcription factors related to senescence including SGR, WRKY23 and Osl57 were observed to be activated. Further investigation showed that excessive H2O2 was accumulated, salicylic acid-dependent defense response and pathogenesis-related gene expressions were evidently enhanced in ACLB-silenced plants, implying that knockdown of ACLB genes leads to hypersensitive response-like cell death in cotton seedlings. However, as noted, serious cell death happened in newly-grown leaves and stem apexes in ACLB-silenced plants, which led to the failure of subsequent fungal pathogenicity assays. To confirm the role of ACLB gene in regulating plant immune response, the dicotyledonous model plant Arabidopsis was selected for functional verification of ACLB gene. Our results indicate the resistance to Verticillium dahliae infection in the Arabidopsis mutant aclb-2 were enhanced without causing strong cell death. Ectopic expression of GausACLB-2 in Arabidopsis weakened its resistance to V. dahliae either in Col-0 or in aclb-2 background, in which the expression level of ACLB is negatively correlated with the resistance to V. dahliae. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ACLB has a new function in negatively affecting the induction of plant defense response and cell death in cotton, which provides theoretical guidance for developing cotton varieties with resistance against Verticillium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Cotton Germplasm Enhancement Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Cotton Germplasm Enhancement Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Cotton Germplasm Enhancement Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Cotton Germplasm Enhancement Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Cotton Germplasm Enhancement Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, MOE Cotton Germplasm Enhancement Engineering Research Center, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Yan J, Fang Y, Xue D. Advances in the Genetic Basis and Molecular Mechanism of Lesion Mimic Formation in Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162169. [PMID: 36015472 PMCID: PMC9412831 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant lesion mutation usually refers to the phenomenon of cell death in green tissues before senescence in the absence of external stress, and such mutants also show enhanced resistance to some plant pathogens. The occurrence of lesion mimic mutants in rice is affected by gene mutation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, an uncontrolled programmed cell death system, and abiotic stress. At present, many lesion mimic mutants have been identified in rice, and some genes have been functionally analyzed. This study reviews the occurrence mechanism of lesion mimic mutants in rice. It analyzes the function of rice lesion mimic mutant genes to elucidate the molecular regulation pathways of rice lesion mimic mutants in regulating plant disease resistance.
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19
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A Single Amino Acid Substitution in MIL1 Leads to Activation of Programmed Cell Death and Defense Responses in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168853. [PMID: 36012116 PMCID: PMC9408282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants are an ideal model system for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death and defense responses in rice. In this study, we identified a lesion mimic mutant termed miner infection like 1-1 (mil1-1). The mil1-1 exhibited lesions on the leaves during development, and the chloroplasts of mil1-1 leaves were disrupted. Reactive oxygen species were found to accumulate in mil1-1 leaves. Cell death and DNA fragmentation were observed in mil1-1 leaves, indicating that the cells in the spots of mil1-1 leaves experienced programmed cell death. Most agronomic traits decreased in mil1-1, suggesting that the growth retardation in mil1-1 caused reduced per-plant grain yield. However, the mutation of MIL1 activated the expression of pathogen response genes and enhanced resistance to bacterial blight. The MIL1 gene was cloned using the positional cloning approach. A missense mutation 751 bp downstream of ATG was found in mil1-1. The defects of mil1-1 were able to be rescued by delivering a wild-type MIL1 gene into mil1-1. MIL1 encoded hydroperoxide lyase 3 (OsHPL3), and the expression of OsHPL3 was induced via hormone and abiotic stresses. Our findings provide insights into the roles of MIL1 in regulating programmed cell death, development, yield, and defense responses in rice.
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20
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Chen Z, Yin W, Li X, Lu T, Ye H, Dai G, Mao Y, Li S, Duan P, Lu M, Rao Y, Wang Y. OsSPL88 Encodes a Cullin Protein that Regulates Rice Growth and Development. Front Genet 2022; 13:918973. [PMID: 35899195 PMCID: PMC9309799 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.918973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant lesion mimics refer to necrotic spots spontaneously produced by the plant without mechanical damage, pathogen invasion, and adversity stress. Here, we isolated and characterized two rice (Oryza sativa L) mutants, namely, spl88-1 (spotted leaf88-1) and spl88-2 (spotted leaf88-2), which were identified from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized japonica cultivar Xiushui 11 population. Physiological and biochemical experiments indicated that more ROS accumulated in spl88-1 and spl88-2 than in wild type. spl88-1 and spl88-2 displayed spontaneous cell death and enhanced their resistance to bacterial blight by affecting the expression of defense-related genes. We isolated SPL88 by map-based cloning, which encoded a highly conserved Cullin protein. A single base deletion was detected in spl88-1 and spl88-2, in which the 132nd base C of SPL88-1 and the 381th base T of SPL88-2 were deleted, causing premature termination of protein translation. SPL88 was expressed in root, stem, leaf, leaf sheath, and panicle. The Cullin protein was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The aforementioned results indicate that SPL88 regulates the growth and development of rice by affecting the expression of defense-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Hanfei Ye
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Gaoxing Dai
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yijian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Penggen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Lu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuchun Rao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Li J, Chen M, Fan T, Mu X, Gao J, Wang Y, Jing T, Shi C, Niu H, Zhen S, Fu J, Zheng J, Wang G, Tang J, Gou M. Underlying mechanism of accelerated cell death and multiple disease resistance in a maize lethal leaf spot 1 allele. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3991-4007. [PMID: 35303096 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple disease resistance (MDR) in maize has attracted increasing attention. However, the interplay between cell death and metabolite changes and their contributions to MDR remains elusive in maize. In this study, we identified a mutant named as lesion mimic 30 (les30) that showed 'suicidal' lesion formation in the absence of disease and had enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen Curvularia lunata. Using map-based cloning, we identified the causal gene encoding pheophorbide a oxidase (PAO), which is known to be involved in chlorophyll degradation and MDR, and is encoded by LETHAL LEAF SPOT1 (LLS1). LLS1 was found to be induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcriptomics analysis showed that genes involved in defense responses and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were mildly activated in leaves of the les30 mutant without lesions, whilst they were strongly activated in leaves with lesions. In addition, in les30 leaves with lesions, there was overaccumulation of defense-associated phytohormones including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, and of phytoalexins including phenylpropanoids, lignin, and flavonoids, suggesting that their biosynthesis was activated in a lesion-dependent manner. Taken together, our study implies the existence of an interactive amplification loop of interrupted chlorophyll degradation, cell death, expression of defense-related genes, and metabolite changes that results in suicidal lesion formation and MDR, and this has the potential to be exploited by genetic manipulation to improve maize disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tianyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Teng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Cuilan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sihan Zhen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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22
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Zhou S, Huang K, Zhou Y, Hu Y, Xiao Y, Chen T, Yin M, Liu Y, Xu M, Jiang X. Degradome sequencing reveals an integrative miRNA-mediated gene interaction network regulating rice seed vigor. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:269. [PMID: 35650544 PMCID: PMC9158300 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that seed vigor is essential for agricultural production and rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Though we previously reported that miR164c regulates rice seed vigor, but whether and how other miRNAs cooperate with miR164c to regulate seed vigor is still unknown. RESULTS Based on degradome data of six RNA samples isolated from seeds of the wild-type (WT) indica rice cultivar 'Kasalath' as well as two modified lines in 'Kasalath' background (miR164c-silenced line [MIM164c] and miR164c overexpression line [OE164c]), which were subjected to either no aging treatment or an 8-day artificial aging treatment, 1247 different target transcripts potentially cleaved by 421 miRNAs were identified. The miRNA target genes were functionally annotated via GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. By STRING database assay, a miRNA-mediated gene interaction network regulating seed vigor in rice was revealed, which comprised at least four interconnected pathways: the miR5075-mediated oxidoreductase related pathway, the plant hormone related pathway, the miR164e related pathway, and the previously reported RPS27AA related pathway. Knockout and overexpression of the target gene Os02g0817500 of miR5075 decreased and enhanced seed vigor, respectively. By Y2H assay, the proteins encoded by five seed vigor-related genes, Os08g0295100, Os07g0633100, REFA1, OsPER1 and OsGAPC3, were identified to interact with Os02g0817500. CONCLUSIONS miRNAs cooperate to regulate seed vigor in rice via an integrative gene interaction network comprising miRNA target genes and other functional genes. The result provided a basis for fully understanding the molecular mechanisms of seed vigor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Kerui Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Changsha, 410081, China
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yingqian Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yuchao Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ting Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mengqi Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mengliang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaocheng Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Crop Sterile Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Changsha, 410081, China.
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Rice Lesion Mimic Gene Cloning and Association Analysis for Disease Resistance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2350-2361. [PMID: 35678689 PMCID: PMC9164038 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants refer to a class of mutants that naturally form necrotic lesions similar to allergic reactions on leaves in the absence of significant stress or damage and without being harmed by pathogens. Mutations in most lesion mimic genes, such as OsACL-A2 and OsSCYL2, can enhance mutants’ resistance to pathogens. Lesion mimic mutants are ideal materials for studying programmed cell death (PCD) and plant defense mechanisms. Studying the genes responsible for the rice disease-like phenotype is of great significance for understanding the disease resistance mechanism of rice. In this paper, the nomenclature, occurrence mechanism, genetic characteristics, regulatory pathways, and the research progress on the cloning and disease resistance of rice lesion mimic mutant genes were reviewed, in order to further analyze the various lesion mimic mutants of rice. The mechanism lays a theoretical foundation and provides a reference for rice breeding.
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24
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The Rice Malectin Regulates Plant Cell Death and Disease Resistance by Participating in Glycoprotein Quality Control. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105819. [PMID: 35628631 PMCID: PMC9144812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, malectin is well known to play an essential role in endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) by interacting with ribophorin I, one unit of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex. However, the functions of malectin in plants remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the rice OsMLD1 is an ER- and Golgi-associated malectin protein and physically interacts with rice homolog of ribophorin I (OsRpn1), and its disruption leads to spontaneous lesion mimic lesions, enhanced disease resistance, and prolonged ER stress. In addition, there are many more N-glycosites and N-glycoproteins identified from the mld1 mutant than wildtype. Furthermore, OsSERK1 and OsSERK2, which have more N-glycosites in mld1, were demonstrated to interact with OsMLD1. OsMLD1 can suppress OsSERK1- or OsSERK2-induced cell death. Thus, OsMLD1 may play a similar role to its mammalian homologs in glycoprotein quality control, thereby regulating cell death and immunity of rice, which uncovers the function of malectin in plants.
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Shen W, Feng Z, Hu K, Cao W, Li M, Ju R, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zuo S. Tryptamine 5-Hydroxylase Is Required for Suppression of Cell Death and Uncontrolled Defense Activation in Rice. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.857760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion-mimic mutants are useful materials to dissect mechanisms controlling programmed cell death (PCD) and defense response in plants. Although dozens of lesion-mimic mutant genes have been identified in plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying PCD and defense response remain to be extensively elucidated. Here, we identified a rice lesion mimic mutant, named lesion mimic 42 (lm42), from an ethylmethylsulfone (EMS)-induced mutant population. The lm42 mutant displayed flame-red spots on the leaves and sheaths at the 3-leaf developmental stage and exhibited impaired photosynthetic capacity with decreased chlorophyll content and decomposed chloroplast thylakoids. The lesion development of lm42 was light- and temperature-dependent. We identified a single base mutation (T38A), changing a Leu to Gln, in the first exon of LOC_Os12g16720 (LM42), which encodes a tryptamine 5-hydroxylase, by map-based cloning. We carried out transgenic complementation to confirm that this mutation caused the lm42 phenotype. We further knocked out the LM42 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 to recreate the lm42 phenotype. LM42 is highly expressed in leaves, leaf sheaths and roots. Loss-of-function of LM42 activated expression of ROS-generating genes and inhibited expression of ROS-scavenging genes, leading to ROS accumulation and eventually cell death. Furthermore, its disruption induced expression of defense-response genes and enhanced host resistance to both fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Our transcriptomic data suggested that the way lm42 led to lesion-mimic was probably by affecting ribosome development. Overall, our results demonstrate that tryptamine 5-hydroxylase-coding gene LM42 is required for suppression of cell death and uncontrolled activation of defense responses in rice.
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26
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Yao Y, Zhou J, Cheng C, Niu F, Zhang A, Sun B, Tu R, Wan J, Li Y, Huang Y, Xie K, Dai Y, Zhang H, Hong JH, Pan X, Zhu J, Zhou H, Liu Z, Cao L, Chu H. A conserved clathrin-coated vesicle component, OsSCYL2, regulates plant innate immunity in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:542-555. [PMID: 34866195 PMCID: PMC9305246 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated vesicle trafficking (CMVT) is a fundamental process in all eukaryotic species, and indispensable to organism's growth and development. Recently, it has been suggested that CMVT also plays important roles in the regulation of plant immunity. However, the molecular link between CMVT and plant immunity is largely unknown. SCY1-LIKE2 (SCYL2) is evolutionally conserved among the eukaryote species. Loss-of-function of SCYL2 in Arabidopsis led to severe growth defects. Here, we show that mutation of OsSCYL2 in rice gave rise to a novel phenotype-hypersensitive response-like (HR) cell death in a light-dependent manner. Although mutants of OsSCYL2 showed additional defects in the photosynthetic system, they exhibited enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens. Subcellular localisation showed that OsSCYL2 localized at Golgi, trans-Golgi network and prevacuolar compartment. OsSCYL2 interacted with OsSPL28, subunit of a clathrin-associated adaptor protein that is known to regulate HR-like cell death in rice. We further showed that OsSCYL2-OsSPL28 interaction is mediated by OsCHC1. Collectively, we characterized a novel component of the CMVT pathway in the regulation of plant immunity. Our work also revealed unidentified new functions of the very conserved SCYL2. It thus may provide new breeding targets to achieve both high yield and enhanced resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Can Cheng
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Fuan Niu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Anpeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Sun
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Rongjian Tu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jianing Wan
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of Fisheries and LifeShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwen Huang
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Kaizhen Xie
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of Fisheries and LifeShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuting Dai
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life ScienceShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Han Hong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology ProgrammeDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liming Cao
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Huangwei Chu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
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27
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Sun J, Song W, Chang Y, Wang Y, Lu T, Zhang Z. OsLMP1, Encoding a Deubiquitinase, Regulates the Immune Response in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:814465. [PMID: 35116051 PMCID: PMC8805587 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.814465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants have become an effective material for understanding plant-microbe interactions and the immune mechanism in plants. Although many mechanisms responsible for the lesion mimic phenotype have been clarified in plants, the mechanism by which lesion mimic is regulated by posttranslational modification remained largely elusive, especially in rice. In this study, a mutant with the lesion mimic phenotype was obtained and named lmp1-1. Physiological measurements and quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the defense response was activated in the mutants. Transcriptome analysis showed that the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) pathway was activated in the mutant, causing the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA). The results of mapping based cloning showed that OsLMP1 encodes a deubiquitinase. OsLMP1 can cleave ubiquitination precursors. Furthermore, OsLMP1 epigenetically modifies SA synthetic pathway genes by deubiquitinating H2B and regulates the immune response in rice. In summary, this study deepens our understanding of the function of OsLMP1 in the plant immune response and provides further insight into the relationship between plants and pathogenic microorganisms.
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28
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Gao Y, Xiang X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Wang C, Jiang M, Duan W, Chen D, Zhan X, Cheng S, Liu Q, Cao L. Disruption of OsPHD1, Encoding a UDP-Glucose Epimerase, Causes JA Accumulation and Enhanced Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020751. [PMID: 35054937 PMCID: PMC8775874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) have been widely used in experiments in recent years for studying plant physiological mechanisms underlying programmed cell death (PCD) and defense responses. Here, we identified a lesion mimic mutant, lm212-1, which cloned the causal gene by a map-based cloning strategy, and verified this by complementation. The causal gene, OsPHD1, encodes a UDP-glucose epimerase (UGE), and the OsPHD1 was located in the chloroplast. OsPHD1 was constitutively expressed in all organs, with higher expression in leaves and other green tissues. lm212-1 exhibited decreased chlorophyll content, and the chloroplast structure was destroyed. Histochemistry results indicated that H2O2 is highly accumulated and cell death is occurred around the lesions in lm212-1. Compared to the wild type, expression levels of defense-related genes were up-regulated, and resistance to bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) was enhanced, indicating that the defense response was activated in lm212-1, ROS production was induced by flg22, and chitin treatment also showed the same result. Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) increased, and the JA signaling pathways appeared to be disordered in lm212-1. Additionally, the overexpression lines showed the same phenotype as the wild type. Overall, our findings demonstrate that OsPHD1 is involved in the regulation of PCD and defense response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaojiao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Wenjing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (L.C.); Tel.: +86-0571-6337-0218 (Q.L.); +86-0571-6337-0329 (L.C.)
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
- Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute, China National Rice Research Institute, Shuangyashan 155100, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (L.C.); Tel.: +86-0571-6337-0218 (Q.L.); +86-0571-6337-0329 (L.C.)
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Wang S, Wang X, Zhang R, Liu Q, Sun X, Wang J, Wang Y, Xing J, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Shi Z, Su A, Li C, Xiao S, Jiao Y, Li Z, Wang R, Song W, Zhao J. RppM, Encoding a Typical CC-NBS-LRR Protein, Confers Resistance to Southern Corn Rust in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:951318. [PMID: 35903220 PMCID: PMC9317930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.951318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora Underw. poses a major threat to maize production worldwide. The utilization of host SCR-resistance genes and the cultivation of resistant cultivars are the most effective, economical strategies for controlling SCR. Here, we identified and cloned a new SCR resistance gene, RppM, from the elite maize inbred line Jing2416K. RppM was found to encode a typical CC-NBS-LRR protein localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. This gene was constitutively expressed at all developmental stages and in all tissues examined, with the strongest expression detected in leaves at the mature stage. A transcriptome analysis provided further evidence that multiple defense systems were initiated in Jing2416K, including pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity, reinforcement of cell walls, accumulation of antimicrobial compounds, and activation of phytohormone signaling pathways. Finally, we developed functional Kompetitive allele-specific PCR markers for RppM using two conserved SNP sites and successfully applied these functional markers for the detection of RppM and the cultivation of resistant maize cultivars, demonstrating their great potential utility in maize breeding.
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Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Mao X, Jiang M, Wei Y, Lian L, Xu H, Chen L, Xie H, Lu G, Zhang J. SDR7-6, a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family protein, regulates light-dependent cell death and defence responses in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:78-91. [PMID: 34633131 PMCID: PMC8659612 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants resembling the hypersensitive response without pathogen attack are an ideal material to understand programmed cell death, the defence response, and the cross-talk between defence response and development in plants. In this study, mic, a lesion mimic mutant from cultivar Yunyin treated with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), was screened. By map-based cloning, a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase with an atypical active site HxxxK was isolated and designated as SDR7-6. It functions as a homomultimer in rice and is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. The lesion mimic phenotype of the mutant is light-dependent. The mutant displayed an increased resistance response to bacterial blight, but reduced resistance to rice blast disease. The mutant and knockout lines showed increased reactive oxygen species, jasmonic acid content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and expression of pathogenicity-related genes, while chlorophyll content was significantly reduced. The knockout lines showed significant reduction in grain size, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per plant, panicle length, and plant height. SDR7-6 is a new lesion mimic gene that encodes a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase with atypical catalytic site. Disruption of SDR7-6 led to cell death and had adverse effects on multiple agricultural characters. SDR7-6 may act at the interface of the two defence pathways of bacterial blight and rice blast disease in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaohui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Minrong Jiang
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Yidong Wei
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Ling Lian
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Huibin Xu
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Liping Chen
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Huaan Xie
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
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Qiu T, Zhao X, Feng H, Qi L, Yang J, Peng Y, Zhao W. OsNBL3, a mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein, is involved in splicing nad5 intron 4 and its disruption causes lesion mimic phenotype with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2277-2290. [PMID: 34197672 PMCID: PMC8541779 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants are used to elucidate mechanisms controlling plant responses to pathogen attacks and environmental stresses. Although dozens of genes had been functionally demonstrated to be involved in lesion mimic phenotype in several plant species, the molecular mechanisms underlying the hypersensitive response are largely unknown. Here, a rice (Oryza sativa) lesion mimic mutant natural blight leaf 3 (nbl3) was identified from T-DNA insertion lines. The causative gene, OsNBL3, encodes a mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein. The nbl3 mutant exhibited spontaneous cell death response and H2 O2 accumulation, and displayed enhanced resistance to the fungal and bacterial pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. This resistance was consistent with the up-regulation of several defence-related genes; thus, defence responses were induced in nbl3. RNA interference lines of OsNBL3 exhibited enhanced disease resistance similar to that of nbl3, while the disease resistance in overexpression lines did not differ from that of the wild type. In addition, nbl3 displayed improved tolerance to salt, accompanied by up-regulation of several salt-associated marker genes. OsNBL3 was found to mainly participate in the splicing of mitochondrial gene nad5 intron 4. Disruption of OsNBL3 leads to the reduction in complex I activity, the elevation of alternative respiratory pathways and the destruction of mitochondrial morphology. Overall, the results demonstrated that the PPR protein-coding gene OsNBL3 is essential for mitochondrial development and functions, and its disruption causes the lesion mimic phenotype and enhances disease resistance and tolerance to salt in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaosheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huijing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Linlu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - You‐Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Shi H, Qiu J, Ding X, Kou Y. Recent Progress in Rice Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11658. [PMID: 34769087 PMCID: PMC8584176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, stable rice production is constrained by various diseases, in particular rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and virus diseases. Breeding and cultivation of resistant rice varieties is the most effective method to control the infection of pathogens. Exploitation and utilization of the genetic determinants of broad-spectrum resistance represent a desired way to improve the resistance of susceptible rice varieties. Recently, researchers have focused on the identification of rice broad-spectrum disease resistance genes, which include R genes, defense-regulator genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) against two or more pathogen species or many isolates of the same pathogen species. The cloning of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes and understanding their underlying mechanisms not only provide new genetic resources for breeding broad-spectrum rice varieties, but also promote the development of new disease resistance breeding strategies, such as editing susceptibility and executor R genes. In this review, the most recent advances in the identification of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes in rice and their application in crop improvement through biotechnology approaches during the past 10 years are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Yujun Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
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Rice Lesion Mimic Mutants (LMM): The Current Understanding of Genetic Mutations in the Failure of ROS Scavenging during Lesion Formation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081598. [PMID: 34451643 PMCID: PMC8400881 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) form spontaneous lesions on the leaves during vegetative growth without pathogenic infections. The rice LMM group includes various mutants, including spotted leaf mutants, brown leaf mutants, white-stripe leaf mutants, and other lesion-phenotypic mutants. These LMM mutants exhibit a common phenotype of lesions on the leaves linked to chloroplast destruction caused by the eruption of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the photosynthesis process. This process instigates the hypersensitive response (HR) and programmed cell death (PCD), resulting in lesion formation. The reasons for lesion formation have been studied extensively in terms of genetics and molecular biology to understand the pathogen and stress responses. In rice, the lesion phenotypes of most rice LMMs are inherited according to the Mendelian principles of inheritance, which remain in the subsequent generations. These rice LMM genetic traits have highly developed innate self-defense mechanisms. Thus, although rice LMM plants have undesirable agronomic traits, the genetic principles of LMM phenotypes can be used to obtain high grain yields by deciphering the efficiency of photosynthesis, disease resistance, and environmental stress responses. From these ailing rice LMM plants, rice geneticists have discovered novel proteins and physiological causes of ROS in photosynthesis and defense mechanisms. This review discusses recent studies on rice LMMs for the Mendelian inheritances, molecular genetic mapping, and the genetic definition of each mutant gene.
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Kampire MG, Sanglou RK, Wang H, Kazeem BB, Wu JL, Zhang X. A Novel Allele Encoding 7-Hydroxymethyl Chlorophyll a Reductase Confers Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147585. [PMID: 34299202 PMCID: PMC8303675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice spotted leaf mutants are helpful to investigate programmed cell death (PCD) and defense response pathways in plants. Using a map-based cloning strategy, we characterized novel rice spotted leaf mutation splHM143 that encodes a 7-hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase (OsHCAR). The wild-type (WT) allele could rescue the mutant phenotype, as evidenced by complementation analysis. OsHCAR was constitutively expressed at all rice tissues tested and its expression products localized to chloroplasts. The mutant exhibited PCD and leaf senescence with increased H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) accumulation, increased of ROS (reactive oxygen species) scavenging enzymes activities and TUNEL (terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) -positive nuclei, upregulation of PCD related genes, decreased chlorophyll (Chl) contents, downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes, and upregulation of senescence-associated genes. Besides, the mutant exhibited enhanced bacterial blight resistance with significant upregulation of defense response genes. Knockout lines of OsHCAR exhibited spotted leaf phenotype, cell death, leaf senescence, and showed increased resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) coupled with upregulation of five pathogenesis-related marker genes. The overexpression of OsHCAR resulted in increased susceptibility to Xoo with decreased expression of pathogenesis-related marker genes. Altogether, our findings revealed that OsHCAR is involved in regulating cell death and defense response against bacterial blight pathogen in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gorette Kampire
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (M.G.K.); (R.K.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Ringki Kuinamei Sanglou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (M.G.K.); (R.K.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (M.G.K.); (R.K.S.); (H.W.)
| | | | - Jian-li Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (M.G.K.); (R.K.S.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.-l.W.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-571-63370326 (J.-l.W.); +86-571-63370295 (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China; (M.G.K.); (R.K.S.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: (J.-l.W.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-571-63370326 (J.-l.W.); +86-571-63370295 (X.Z.)
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Meng L, Qi C, Wang C, Wang S, Zhou C, Ren Y, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Guo X, Zhao Z, Wang J, Lin Q, Zhu S, Wang H, Wang Z, Lei C, Wan J. Determinant Factors and Regulatory Systems for Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Rice Apiculi and Stigmas. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:37. [PMID: 33881644 PMCID: PMC8060382 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins cause purple, brown or red colors in various tissues of rice plants, but the specific determinant factors and regulatory systems for anthocyanin biosynthesis in almost all tissues remain largely unknown. In the present study, we mapped and isolated two complementary genes, OsC1 encoding a R2R3-MYB transcriptional factor and OsDFR encoding a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, which are responsible for the purple coloration of apiculi and stigmas in indica cultivar Xieqingzao by the map-based cloning strategy. We also identified two tissue-specific pigmentation genes, OsPa for apiculi and OsPs for stigmas, by phylogenetic analysis of all anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated bHLH transcriptional factors in maize and rice, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and transcriptional expression analysis. The OsC1, OsPa and OsPs proteins are all localized in the nucleus while the OsDFR protein is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the OsC1 and OsDFR genes are preferentially strongly expressed in both purple-colored tissues while the OsPa and OsPs genes are preferentially strongly expressed in apiculi and stigmas, respectively. OsC1 specifically interacts with OsPa or OsPs to activate OsDFR and other anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, resulting in purple-colored apiculi or stigmas. OsC1 itself does not produce color but can produce brown apiculi when functioning together with OsPa. Loss of function of OsDFR alone leads to brown apiculi and straw-white stigmas. Genotyping and phenotyping of a panel of 176 rice accessions revealed diverse genotypic combinations of OsC1, OsDFR, OsPa and OsPs that enable accurate prediction of their apiculus and stigma pigmentation phenotypes, thus validating the general applicability of the OsC1-OsDFR-OsPa and OsC1-OsDFR-OsPs models to natural populations. Our findings disclosed the biological functions of OsC1, OsPa and OsPs, and shed light on the specific regulatory systems of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apiculi and stigmas, a further step in understanding the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Meng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changyan Qi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cuihong Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Cailin Lei
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Zheng Y, Xu J, Wang F, Tang Y, Wei Z, Ji Z, Wang C, Zhao K. Mutation Types of CYP71P1 Cause Different Phenotypes of Mosaic Spot Lesion and Premature Leaf Senescence in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641300. [PMID: 33833770 PMCID: PMC8021961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are ideal materials for studying programmed cell death and defense response in plants. Here we report investigations on two LMMs (msl-1 and msl-2) from the indica rice cultivar JG30 treated by ethyl methyl sulfone. Both of the mutants showed similar mosaic spot lesions at seedling stage, but they displayed different phenotypes along with development of the plants. At tillering stage, larger orange spots appeared on leaves of msl-2, while only small reddish-brown spots exhibit on leaves of msl-1. At heading stage, the msl-2 plants were completely dead, while the msl-1 plants were still alive even if showed apparent premature senility. For both the mutants, the mosaic spot lesion formation was induced by light; DAB and trypan blue staining showed a large amount of hydrogen peroxide accumulated at the lesion sites, accompanied by a large number of cell death. Consequently, reactive oxygen species were enriched in leaves of the mutants; SOD and CAT activities in the scavenging enzyme system were decreased compared with the wild type. In addition, degraded chloroplasts, decreased photosynthetic pigment content, down-regulated expression of genes associated with chloroplast synthesis/photosynthesis and up-regulated expression of genes related to senescence were detected in the mutants, but the abnormality of msl-2 was more serious than that of msl-1 in general. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning revealed that the lesion mimic and premature senescence traits of both the mutants were controlled by recessive mutated alleles of the SL (Sekiguchi lesion) gene, which encodes the CYP71P1 protein belonging to cytochrome P450 monooxygenase family. The difference of mutation sites and mutation types (SNP-caused single amino acid change and SNP-caused early termination of translation) led to the different phenotypes in severity between msl-1 and msl-2. Taken together, this work revealed that the CYP71P1 is involved in regulation of both premature senescence and cell death in rice, and its different mutation sites and mutation types could cause different phenotypes in terms of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangmin Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Rice Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchao Tang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ji
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlian Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wei Q, Yan Z, Xiong Y, Fang Z. Altered Expression of OsAAP3 Influences Rice Lesion Mimic and Leaf Senescence by Regulating Arginine Transport and Nitric Oxide Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2181. [PMID: 33671705 PMCID: PMC7927093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent lesion mimic can cause leaf senescence, affecting grain yield in crops. However, knowledge about the regulation of lesion mimic and leaf senescence in crop plants is still limited. Here, we report that the amino acid transporter OsAAP3, a negative regulator of tiller bud elongation and rice grain yield, is involved in lesion mimic and leaf senescence. Altered expression of OsAAP3 can initiate the nitric oxide signaling pathway through excessive accumulation of arginine in rice leaves, influencing ROS accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activities, proline concentration, and malondialdehyde concentration. This finally triggers cell death which ultimately leads to lesion mimic and leaf senescence by regulating the degradation of chloroplast and the expression abundance of components in the photosynthetic pathway. Overall, the results not only provide initial insights into the regulatory role of amino acid transport genes in rice growth and development, but also help to understand the factors regulating the leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China;
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China;
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Zhao X, Qiu T, Feng H, Yin C, Zheng X, Yang J, Peng YL, Zhao W. A novel glycine-rich domain protein, GRDP1, functions as a critical feedback regulator for controlling cell death and disease resistance in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:608-622. [PMID: 32995857 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants constitute a valuable genetic resource for unraveling the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms governing the programmed cell death and defense responses of plants. Here, we identified a lesion mimic mutant, spl-D, from T-DNA insertion rice lines. The mutant exhibited higher accumulation of H2O2, spontaneous cell death, decreased chlorophyll content, up-regulation of defense-related genes, and enhanced disease resistance. The causative gene, OsGRDP1, encodes a cytosol- and membrane-associated glycine-rich domain protein. OsGRDP1 was expressed constitutively in all of the organs of the wild-type plant, but was up-regulated throughout plant development in the spl-D mutant. Both the overexpression and knockdown (RNAi) of OsGRDP1 resulted in the lesion mimic phenotype. Moreover, the intact-protein level of OsGRDP1 was reduced in the spotted leaves from both overexpression and RNAi plants, suggesting that the disruption of intact OsGRDP1 is responsible for lesion formation. OsGRDP1 interacted with an aspartic proteinase, OsAP25. In the spl-D and overexpression plants, proteinase activity was elevated, and lesion formation was partially suppressed by an aspartic proteinase inhibitor. Taken together, our results reveal that OsGRDP1 is a critical feedback regulator, thus contributing to the elucidation of the mechanism underlying cell death and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiancheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunmei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Cui Y, Peng Y, Zhang Q, Xia S, Ruan B, Xu Q, Yu X, Zhou T, Liu H, Zeng D, Zhang G, Gao Z, Hu J, Zhu L, Shen L, Guo L, Qian Q, Ren D. Disruption of EARLY LESION LEAF 1, encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, induces ROS accumulation and cell death in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:942-956. [PMID: 33190327 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lesion-mimic mutants (LMMs) provide a valuable tool to reveal the molecular mechanisms determining programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. Despite intensive research, the mechanisms behind PCD and the formation of lesions in various LMMs still remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) LMM, early lesion leaf 1 (ell1), cloned the causal gene by map-based cloning, and verified this by complementation. ELL1 encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and the ELL1 protein was located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The ell1 mutant exhibited decreased chlorophyll contents, serious chloroplast degradation, upregulated expression of chloroplast degradation-related genes, and attenuated photosynthetic protein activity, indicating that ELL1 is involved in chloroplast development. RNA sequencing analysis showed that genes related to oxygen binding were differentially expressed in ell1 and wild-type plants; histochemistry and paraffin sectioning results indicated that hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and callose accumulated in the ell1 leaves, and the cell structure around the lesions was severely damaged, which indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated and cell death occurred in the mutant. TUNEL staining and comet experiments revealed that severe DNA degradation and abnormal PCD occurred in the ell1 mutants, which implied that excessive ROS accumulation may induce DNA damage and ROS-mediated cell death in the mutant. Additionally, lesion initiation in the ell1 mutant was light dependent and temperature sensitive. Our findings revealed that ELL1 affects chloroplast development or function, and that loss of ELL1 function induces ROS accumulation and lesion formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiang Cui
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Youlin Peng
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Saisai Xia
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Qiankun Xu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
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Fu J, Shi Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Li J, Fang J, Ji R. Planthopper-Secreted Salivary Disulfide Isomerase Activates Immune Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:622513. [PMID: 33537052 PMCID: PMC7848103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.622513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus; SBPH) is a piercing-sucking insect that secretes salivary proteins into its plant host during feeding. However, the mechanisms by which these salivary proteins regulate plant defense responses remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the disulfide isomerase (LsPDI1) in the SBPH salivary proteome. LsPDI1 was highly expressed in the SBPH salivary glands and secreted into rice plants during feeding. Transient in planta LsPDI1 expression in the absence of signal peptide induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, cell death, callose deposition, and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. Deletion mutant analysis revealed that either the a-b-b' or the b-b'-a' domains in LsPDI1 are required to induce cell death in plants. LsPDI1 and its orthologs were highly conserved among various planthopper species and strongly induced ROS burst and cell death in plants. Transient in Nicotiana benthamiana LsPDI1 expression impaired the performance of Spodoptera frugiperda and Myzus persicae on host plants. Hence, LsPDI1 is an important salivary elicitor that enhances plant resistance to insects by inducing the calcium, ROS, and JA signaling pathways. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Zhang YM, Guo P, Xia X, Guo H, Li Z. Multiple Layers of Regulation on Leaf Senescence: New Advances and Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:788996. [PMID: 34938309 PMCID: PMC8685244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.788996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is the last stage of leaf development and is an orderly biological process accompanied by degradation of macromolecules and nutrient recycling, which contributes to plant fitness. Forward genetic mutant screening and reverse genetic studies of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) have revealed that leaf senescence is a genetically regulated process, and the initiation and progression of leaf senescence are influenced by an array of internal and external factors. Recently, multi-omics techniques have revealed that leaf senescence is subjected to multiple layers of regulation, including chromatin, transcriptional and post-transcriptional, as well as translational and post-translational levels. Although impressive progress has been made in plant senescence research, especially the identification and functional analysis of a large number of SAGs in crop plants, we still have not unraveled the mystery of plant senescence, and there are some urgent scientific questions in this field, such as when plant senescence is initiated and how senescence signals are transmitted. This paper reviews recent advances in the multiple layers of regulation on leaf senescence, especially in post-transcriptional regulation such as alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Mei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengru Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Xia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhonghai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhonghai Li,
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Sharma SK, Sharma D, Meena RP, Yadav MK, Hosahatti R, Dubey AK, Sharma P, Kumar S, Pramesh D, Nabi SU, Bhuvaneshwari S, Anand YR, Dubey SK, Singh TS. Recent Insights in Rice Blast Disease Resistance. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-60585-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Xiong E, Li Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Peng T, Chen Z, Zhao Q. A study of leaf-senescence genes in rice based on a combination of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5998850. [PMID: 33257942 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly complex, genetically regulated and well-ordered process with multiple layers and pathways. Delaying leaf senescence would help increase grain yields in rice. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 rice leaf-senescence genes have been cloned, greatly improving the understanding of leaf senescence in rice. Systematically elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence will provide breeders with new tools/options for improving many important agronomic traits. In this study, we summarized recent reports on 125 rice leaf-senescence genes, providing an overview of the research progress in this field by analyzing the subcellular localizations, molecular functions and the relationship of them. These data showed that chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, chloroplast development, abscisic acid pathway, jasmonic acid pathway, nitrogen assimilation and ROS play an important role in regulating the leaf senescence in rice. Furthermore, we predicted and analyzed the proteins that interact with leaf-senescence proteins and achieved a more profound understanding of the molecular principles underlying the regulatory mechanisms by which leaf senescence occurs, thus providing new insights for future investigations of leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhui Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University (HAU), China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- College of Agriculture, HAU
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Grapevine-Downy Mildew Rendezvous: Proteome Analysis of the First Hours of an Incompatible Interaction. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111498. [PMID: 33167573 PMCID: PMC7694532 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most relevant crops in the world being used for economically important products such as wine. However, relevant grapevine cultivars are heavily affected by diseases such as the downy mildew disease caused by Plasmopara viticola. Improvements on grapevine resistance are made mainly by breeding techniques where resistance traits are introgressed into cultivars with desired grape characteristics. However, there is still a lack of knowledge on how resistant or tolerant cultivars tackle the P. viticola pathogen. In this study, using a shotgun proteomics LC-MS/MS approach, we unravel the protein modulation of a highly tolerant grapevine cultivar, Vitis vinifera “Regent”, in the first hours post inoculation (hpi) with P. viticola. At 6 hpi, proteins related to defense and to response to stimuli are negatively modulated while at 12 hpi there is an accumulation of proteins belonging to both categories. The co-occurrence of indicators of effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is detected at both time-points, showing that these defense processes present high plasticity. The results obtained in this study unravel the tolerant grapevine defense strategy towards P. viticola and may provide valuable insights on resistance associated candidates and mechanisms, which may play an important role in the definition of new strategies for breeding approaches.
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45
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Formyl tetrahydrofolate deformylase affects hydrogen peroxide accumulation and leaf senescence by regulating the folate status and redox homeostasis in rice. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:720-738. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang H, Jing W, Zheng J, Jin Y, Wu D, Cao C, Dong Y, Shi X, Zhang W. The ATP-binding cassette transporter OsPDR1 regulates plant growth and pathogen resistance by affecting jasmonates biosynthesis in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 298:110582. [PMID: 32771142 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are important regulators of plant growth, development, and defense. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters participate in disease resistance by transporting JAs or antimicrobial secondary metabolites in dicotyledons. Here, we functionally characterized a JAs-inducible rice gene (OsPDR1) that encodes a member of the pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) subfamily of ABC transporters. By affecting JAs biosynthesis, overexpression of OsPDR1 resulted in constitutive activation of defense-related genes and enhanced resistance to bacterial blight, whereas its mutation decreased pathogen resistance. In addition, overexpression and mutation of OsPDR1 resulted in decreased and increased plant growth at seedling stage, respectively, but eventually led to decreased grain yield. OsPDR1 encodes three splice isoforms, of which OsPDR1.2 and OsPDR1.3 contain a conserved glutamate residue in the "ENI-motif" of the first nucleotide-binding domain, while OsPDR1.1 does not. The three OsPDR1 transcripts are developmentally controlled and differentially regulated by JAs and pathogen infection. The OsPDR1.2- and OsPDR1.3-overexpressing plants exhibited higher JAs content and stronger growth inhibition and disease resistance than OsPDR1.1-overexpressing plants. These results indicated that alternative splicing affects the function of OsPDR1 gene in regulation of growth, development and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Jing
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Junming Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yingying Jin
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chengjuan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmin Dong
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingyu Shi
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Wang S, Zhang R, Shi Z, Zhao Y, Su A, Wang Y, Xing J, Ge J, Li C, Wang X, Wang J, Sun X, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wang S, Song W, Zhao J. Identification and Fine Mapping of RppM, a Southern Corn Rust Resistance Gene in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1057. [PMID: 32733529 PMCID: PMC7363983 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora Underw. is a major disease causing severe yield losses during maize production. Here, we identified and mapped the SCR resistance gene RppM from the near-isogenic line Kangxiujing2416 (Jing2416K), which harbors RppM in the genetic background of the susceptible inbred line Jing2416. In this study, the inheritance of SCR resistance was investigated in F2 and F3 populations derived from a cross between Jing2416K and Jing2416. The observed 3:1 segregation ratio of resistant to susceptible plants indicated that the SCR resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. Using an F2 population, we performed bulked segregant analysis (BSA) sequencing and mapped RppM to a 3.69-Mb region on chromosome arm 10S. To further narrow down the region harboring RppM, we developed 13 insertion/deletion (InDel) markers based on the sequencing data. Finally, RppM was mapped to a region spanning 110-kb using susceptible individuals from a large F2 population. Two genes (Zm00001d023265 and Zm00001d023267) encoding putative CC-NBS-LRR (coiled-coiled, nucleotide-binding site, and leucine-rich repeat) proteins, a common characteristic of R genes, were located in this region (B73 RefGen_v4 reference genome). Sequencing and comparison of the two genes cloned from Jing2416K and Jing2416 revealed sequence variations in their coding regions. The relative expression levels of these two genes in Jing2416K were found to be significantly higher than those in Jing2416. Zm00001d023265 and Zm00001d023267 are thus potential RppM candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Song
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuran Zhao
- Maize Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (BAAFS), Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Beijing, China
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48
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Li YB, Xu R, Liu C, Shen N, Han LB, Tang D. Magnaporthe oryzae fimbrin organizes actin networks in the hyphal tip during polar growth and pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008437. [PMID: 32176741 PMCID: PMC7098657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease, but little is known about the dynamic restructuring of the actin cytoskeleton during its polarized tip growth and pathogenesis. Here, we used super-resolution live-cell imaging to investigate the dynamic organization of the actin cytoskeleton in M. oryzae during hyphal tip growth and pathogenesis. We observed a dense actin network at the apical region of the hyphae and actin filaments originating from the Spitzenkörper (Spk, the organizing center for hyphal growth and development) that formed branched actin bundles radiating to the cell membrane. The actin cross-linking protein Fimbrin (MoFim1) helps organize this actin distribution. MoFim1 localizes to the actin at the subapical collar, the actin bundles, and actin at the Spk. Knockout of MoFim1 resulted in impaired Spk maintenance and reduced actin bundle formation, preventing polar growth, vesicle transport, and the expansion of hyphae in plant cells. Finally, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) expressing RNA hairpins targeting MoFim1 exhibited improved resistance to M. oryzae infection, indicating that MoFim1 represents an excellent candidate for M. oryzae control. These results reveal the dynamics of actin assembly in M. oryzae during hyphal tip development and pathogenesis, and they suggest a mechanism in which MoFim1 organizes such actin networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ningning Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Bo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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49
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Hoang TV, Vo KTX, Rahman MM, Choi SH, Jeon JS. Heat stress transcription factor OsSPL7 plays a critical role in reactive oxygen species balance and stress responses in rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 289:110273. [PMID: 31623772 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The rice spotted leaf gene, OsSPL7, induces lesion mimic (LM) spots under heat stress. Herein, we provide several lines of evidence elucidating the importance of OsSPL7 in maintaining reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance via the regulation of downstream gene expression. osspl7 knockout (spl7ko) mutants showed LM and growth retardation. Transgenic rice lines strongly overexpressing OsSPL7 (SPL7OX-S) exhibited LM accompanied by accumulated H2O2, whereas moderate expressers of OsSPL7 (SPL7OX-M) did not, and neither of them exhibited severe growth defects. Transient expression of OsSPL7-GFP in rice protoplasts indicated that OsSPL7 localizes predominantly in the nucleus. Transcriptional activity assay suggested its function as a transcriptional activator in rice. Disease evaluation showed that both SPL7OX and spl7ko enhanced resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agents of blast and blight diseases in rice, respectively. Additionally, SPL7OX enhanced tolerance to cold stress, whereas spl7ko showed a phenotype opposite to the overexpression lines. RNA sequencing analyses identified four major groups of differentially expressed genes associated with LM, pathogen resistance, LM-pathogen resistance, and potential direct targets of OsSPL7. Collectively, our results suggest that OsSPL7 plays a critical role in plant growth and balancing ROS during biotic and abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung Viet Hoang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Kieu Thi Xuan Vo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Md Mizanor Rahman
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Seok-Hyun Choi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea.
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50
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Li W, Chern M, Yin J, Wang J, Chen X. Recent advances in broad-spectrum resistance to the rice blast disease. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 50:114-120. [PMID: 31163394 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Blast is arguably the most devastating fungal disease of rice. Systematic studies of this disease have made significant progress and identified many genes. Broad-spectrum resistance is highly preferred in agricultural practice. Here, we focus our discussion on resistance (R) and defense-regulator (DR) genes that confer broad-spectrum resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae, in particular those potentially causing no significant yield penalties. Recent advances show that broad-spectrum resistance can be achieved without significant yield penalties, or even with yield benefits. Cross talks of defense signaling mediated by these genes are present that may allow the host to integrate different anti-fungal factors against M. oryzae infection. We also summarize possible mechanisms underlying broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China (In preparation), State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Mawsheng Chern
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China (In preparation), State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China (In preparation), State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China (In preparation), State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Key Laboratory of Major Crop Diseases & Collaborative Innovation Center for Hybrid Rice in Yangtze River Basin, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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