1
|
Li H, Liu Y, Xue M, Wang X, Miao W, Sun Q, Liu F, Mu W. Variation in phytotoxicity of rice seedlings caused by differential accumulation of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in leaves. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 215:108947. [PMID: 39106768 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of pyraclostrobin (Pyr) and azoxystrobin (Azo) with highly targeting the rice blast is noteworthy, but they have varied toxic levels towards non-target aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, the toxic selectivity and mechanism of non-target plants, specifically rice, remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the potential phytotoxic effects of Pyr and Azo on rice seedlings, including plant morphology, plant growth, physiological and biochemical changes. The findings revealed that both Pyr and Azo caused toxic effects on rice, resulting in symptoms of chlorosis and inhibited growth. The toxicity of Azo was found to be more severe when applied at the recommended field dose. Disruption of oxidative stress could significantly impact the demonstrated levels of REC, leading to a decrease in photosynthetic pigments and potentially culminating in cell death. Furthermore, the toxic effect of Azo had a greater impact on rice leaves compared to Pyr at treatments of 400, 800, 1600, and 4000 mg/L. However, the in vitro cytotoxicity of Azo on rice leaves was lower than that of Pyr. Therefore, it can be inferred that the mechanism of phytotoxicity of Azo is directly linked to the increased accumulation of the compound on the leaf tips and edges. Additionally, the positive effects observed on plant morphology and growth parameters suggest that the mixed application of plant growth regulators (sodium nitrophenolate aqueous solution of 14 mg/L and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoat of 50 mg/L) can be a promising approach to mitigate the rice phytotoxicity of Azo at 400 and 800 mg/L.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Yujuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Mei Xue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Wenchao Miao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Qi Sun
- Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
| | - Wei Mu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China; Research Center of Pesticide Environmental Toxicology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Luo X, Xu X, Xu J, Zhao X, Zhang R, Shi Y, Xia M, Xian B, Zhou W, Zheng C, Wei S, Wang L, Du J, Liu W, Shu K. Melatonin Priming Promotes Crop Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment Under Flooding Stress by Mediating ABA, GA, and ROS Cascades. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e13004. [PMID: 39145574 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Both seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment are key checkpoints during the life cycle of seed plants, yet flooding stress markedly inhibits both processes, leading to economic losses from agricultural production. Here, we report that melatonin (MT) seed priming treatment enhances the performance of seeds from several crops, including soybean, wheat, maize, and alfalfa, under flooding stress. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MT priming promotes seed germination and seedling establishment associated with changes in abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis and signaling pathways. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis confirmed that MT priming increases the expression levels of GA biosynthesis genes, ABA catabolism genes, and ROS biosynthesis genes while decreasing the expression of positive ABA regulatory genes. Further, measurements of ABA and GA concentrations are consistent with these trends. Following MT priming, quantification of ROS metabolism-related enzyme activities and the concentrations of H2O2 and superoxide anions (O2 -) after MT priming were consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis and qRT-PCR. Finally, exogenous application of GA, fluridone (an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor), or H2O2 partially rescued the poor germination of non-primed seeds under flooding stress. Collectively, this study uncovers the application and molecular mechanisms underlying MT priming in modulating crop seed vigor under flooding stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiping Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyu Xia
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoshan Xian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection, School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin L, Lin J, Zhou M, Yuan Y, Li Z. Lipid remodelling and the conversion of lipids into sugars associated with tolerance to cadmium toxicity during white clover seed germination. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14433. [PMID: 38994561 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a leading environmental issue worldwide. The current study was conducted to investigate Cd tolerance of 10 commercial white clover (Trifolium repens) cultivars during seed germination and to further explore differences in lipid remodelling, glycometabolism, and the conversion of lipids into sugars contributing to Cd tolerance in the early phase of seedling establishment as well as the accumulation of Cd in seedlings and mature plants. The results show that Cd stress significantly reduced seed germination of 10 cultivars. Compared to Cd-sensitive Sulky, Cd-tolerant Pixie accelerated amylolysis to produce more glucose, fructose, and sucrose by maintaining higher amylase and sucrase activities under Cd stress. Pixie maintained higher contents of various lipids, higher DGDG/MGDG ratio, and lower unsaturation levels of lipids, which could be beneficial to membrane stability and integrity as well as signal transduction in cells after being subjected to Cd stress. In addition, Pixie upregulated expression levels of key genes (TrACX1, TrACX4, TrSDP6, and TrPCK1) involved in the conversion of lipids into sugars for early seedling establishment under Cd stress. These findings indicate that lipid remodelling, enhanced glycometabolism, and accelerated conversion of lipids into sugars are important adaptive strategies for white clover seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment under Cd stress. In addition, Pixie not only accumulated more Cd in seedlings and mature plants than Sulky but also had significantly better growth and phytoremediation efficiency under Cd stress. Pixie could be used as a suitable and critical germplasm for the rehabilitation and re-establishment of Cd-contaminated areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Lin
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junnan Lin
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Turf Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Zhao LM, Feng N, Zheng D, Shen XF, Zhou H, Jiang W, Du Y, Zhao H, Lu X, Deng P. Plant growth regulators mitigate oxidative damage to rice seedling roots by NaCl stress. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17068. [PMID: 38495756 PMCID: PMC10944629 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of exogenous sprays of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and 2-Diethylaminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) on the growth and salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. This study was conducted in a solar greenhouse at Guangdong Ocean University, where 'Huanghuazhan' was selected as the test material, and 40 mg/L 5-ALA and 30 mg/L DTA-6 were applied as foliar sprays at the three-leaf-one-heart stage of rice, followed by treatment with 0.3% NaCl (W/W) 24 h later. A total of six treatments were set up as follows: (1) CK: control, (2) A: 40 mg⋅ L-1 5-ALA, (3) D: 30 mg⋅ L-1 DTA-6, (4) S: 0.3% NaCl, (5) AS: 40 mg⋅ L-1 5-ALA + 0.3% NaCl, and (6) DS: 30 mg⋅ L-1 DTA-6+0.3% NaCl. Samples were taken at 1, 4, 7, 10, and 13 d after NaCl treatment to determine the morphology and physiological and biochemical indices of rice roots. The results showed that NaCl stress significantly inhibited rice growth; disrupted the antioxidant system; increased the rates of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anion production; and affected the content of related hormones. Malondialdehyde content, hydrogen peroxide content, and superoxide anion production rate significantly increased from 12.57% to 21.82%, 18.12% to 63.10%, and 7.17% to 56.20%, respectively, in the S treatment group compared to the CK group. Under salt stress, foliar sprays of both 5-ALA and DTA-6 increased antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoregulatory substance content; expanded non-enzymatic antioxidant AsA and GSH content; reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; lowered malondialdehyde content; increased endogenous hormones GA3, JA, IAA, SA, and ZR content; and lowered ABA content in the rice root system. The MDA, H2O2, and O2- contents were reduced from 35.64% to 56.92%, 22.30% to 53.47%, and 7.06% to 20.01%, respectively, in the AS treatment group compared with the S treatment group. In the DS treatment group, the MDA, H2O2, and O2- contents were reduced from 24.60% to 51.09%, 12.14% to 59.05%, and 12.70% to 45.20%. In summary, NaCl stress exerted an inhibitory effect on the rice root system, both foliar sprays of 5-ALA and DTA-6 alleviated damage from NaCl stress on the rice root system, and the effect of 5-ALA was better than that of DTA-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Wang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-ming Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Feng Shen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Youwei Du
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Xutong Lu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Deng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng Q, Teng Z, Zhang J, Ye N. ABA Inhibits Rice Seed Aging by Reducing H 2O 2 Accumulation in the Radicle of Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:809. [PMID: 38592812 PMCID: PMC10976155 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The seed, a critical organ in higher plants, serves as a primary determinant of agricultural productivity, with its quality directly influencing crop yield. Improper storage conditions can diminish seed vigor, adversely affecting seed germination and seedling establishment. Therefore, understanding the seed-aging process and exploring strategies to enhance seed-aging resistance are paramount. In this study, we observed that seed aging during storage leads to a decline in seed vigor and can coincide with the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the radicle, resulting in compromised or uneven germination and asynchronous seedling emergence. We identified the abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism gene, abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase 2 (OsABA8ox2), as significantly induced by aging treatment. Interestingly, transgenic seeds overexpressing OsABA8ox2 exhibited reduced seed vigor, while gene knockout enhanced seed vigor, suggesting its role as a negative regulator. Similarly, seeds pretreated with ABA or diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI, an H2O2 inhibitor) showed increased resistance to aging, with more robust early seedling establishment. Both OsABA8ox2 mutant seeds and seeds pretreated with ABA or DPI displayed lower H2O2 content during aging treatment. Overall, our findings indicate that ABA mitigates rice seed aging by reducing H2O2 accumulation in the radicle. This study offers valuable germplasm resources and presents a novel approach to enhancing seed resistance against aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhenning Teng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.T.)
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Nenghui Ye
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (Q.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv T, Li J, Zhou L, Zhou T, Pritchard HW, Ren C, Chen J, Yan J, Pei J. Aging-Induced Reduction in Safflower Seed Germination via Impaired Energy Metabolism and Genetic Integrity Is Partially Restored by Sucrose and DA-6 Treatment. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:659. [PMID: 38475505 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Seed storage underpins global agriculture and the seed trade and revealing the mechanisms of seed aging is essential for enhancing seed longevity management. Safflower is a multipurpose oil crop, rich in unsaturated fatty acids that are at high risk of peroxidation as a contributory factor to seed aging. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for safflower seed viability loss are not yet elucidated. We used controlled deterioration (CDT) conditions of 60% relative humidity and 50 °C to reduce germination in freshly harvested safflower seeds and analyzed aged seeds using biochemical and molecular techniques. While seed malondialdehyde (MDA) and fatty acid content increased significantly during CDT, catalase activity and soluble sugar content decreased. KEGG analysis of gene function and qPCR validation indicated that aging severely impaired several key functional and biosynthetic pathways including glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, antioxidant activity, and DNA replication and repair. Furthermore, exogenous sucrose and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) treatment partially promoted germination in aged seeds, further demonstrating the vital role of impaired sugar and fatty acid metabolism during the aging and recovery processes. We concluded that energy metabolism and genetic integrity are impaired during aging, which contributes to the loss of seed vigor. Such energy metabolic pathways as glycolysis, fatty acid degradation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) are impaired, especially fatty acids produced by the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols during aging, as they are not efficiently converted to sucrose via the glyoxylate cycle to provide energy supply for safflower seed germination and seedling growth. At the same time, the reduced capacity for nucleotide synthesis capacity and the deterioration of DNA repair ability further aggravate the damage to DNA, reducing seed vitality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hugh W Pritchard
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Heilongtan, Kunming 650201, China
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, Haywards Heath RH17 6TN, West Sussex, UK
| | - Chaoxiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen G, Liu M, Zhao X, Bawa G, Liang B, Feng L, Pu T, Yong T, Liu W, Liu J, Du J, Yang F, Wu Y, Liu C, Wang X, Yang W. Improved photosynthetic performance under unilateral weak light conditions in a wide-narrow-row intercropping system is associated with altered sugar transport. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:258-273. [PMID: 37721809 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping improves resource utilization. Under wide-narrow-row maize (Zea mays) intercropping, maize plants are subjected to weak unilateral illumination and exhibit high photosynthetic performance. However, the mechanism regulating photosynthesis under unilateral weak light remains unknown. We investigated the relationship between photosynthesis and sugar metabolism in maize under unilateral weak light. Our results showed that the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of unshaded leaves increased as the level of shade on the other side increased. On the contrary, the concentration of sucrose and starch and the number of starch granules in the unshaded leaves decreased with increased shading due to the transfer of abundant C into the grains. However, sink loss with ear removal reduced the Pn of unshaded leaves. Intense unilateral shade (40% to 20% normal light), but not mild unilateral shade (60% normal light), reduced grain yield (37.6% to 54.4%, respectively). We further found that in unshaded leaves, Agpsl, Bmy, and Mexl-like expression significantly influenced sucrose and starch metabolism, while Sweet13a and Sut1 expression was crucial for sugar export. In shaded leaves, expression of Sps1, Agpsl, and Sweet13c was crucial for sugar metabolism and export. This study confirmed that unshaded leaves transported photosynthates to the ear, leading to a decrease in sugar concentration. The improvement of photosynthetic performance was associated with altered sugar transport. We propose a narrow-row spacing of 40 cm, which provides appropriate unilateral shade and limits yield reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Nanning 530001, P.R. China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - George Bawa
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bing Liang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Liang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Tian Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211-Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aslam A, Mahmood A, Ur-Rehman H, Li C, Liang X, Shao J, Negm S, Moustafa M, Aamer M, Hassan MU. Plant Adaptation to Flooding Stress under Changing Climate Conditions: Ongoing Breakthroughs and Future Challenges. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3824. [PMID: 38005721 PMCID: PMC10675391 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Climate-change-induced variations in temperature and rainfall patterns are a serious threat across the globe. Flooding is the foremost challenge to agricultural productivity, and it is believed to become more intense under a changing climate. Flooding is a serious form of stress that significantly reduces crop yields, and future climatic anomalies are predicted to make the problem even worse in many areas of the world. To cope with the prevailing flooding stress, plants have developed different morphological and anatomical adaptations in their roots, aerenchyma cells, and leaves. Therefore, researchers are paying more attention to identifying developed and adopted molecular-based plant mechanisms with the objective of obtaining flooding-resistant cultivars. In this review, we discuss the various physiological, anatomical, and morphological adaptations (aerenchyma cells, ROL barriers (redial O2 loss), and adventitious roots) and the phytohormonal regulation in plants under flooding stress. This review comprises ongoing innovations and strategies to mitigate flooding stress, and it also provides new insights into how this knowledge can be used to improve productivity in the scenario of a rapidly changing climate and increasing flood intensity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amna Aslam
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Athar Mahmood
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Hafeez Ur-Rehman
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; (A.A.); (H.U.-R.)
| | - Cunwu Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Xuewen Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jinhua Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures, Guangxi Institute of Water Resources Research, Nanning 530023, China; (C.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Sally Negm
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science and Art Mahyel Aseer, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Aamer
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
| | - Muhammad Umair Hassan
- Research Center on Ecological Sciences, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (M.A.); (M.U.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan J, Ma L, Wang Y, Xu X, Zhang R, Wang C, Meng W, Tian Z, Zhou Y, Wang G. A recently evolved BAHD acetyltransferase, responsible for bitter soyasaponin A production, is indispensable for soybean seed germination. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:2490-2504. [PMID: 37548097 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Soyasaponins are major small molecules that accumulate in soybean (Glycine max) seeds. Among them, type-A soyasaponins, fully acetylated at the terminal sugar of their C22 sugar chain, are responsible for the bitter taste of soybean-derived foods. However, the molecular basis for the acetylation of type-A soyasaponins remains unclear. Here, we identify and characterize GmSSAcT1, encoding a BADH-type soyasaponin acetyltransferase that catalyzes three or four consecutive acetylations on type-A soyasaponins in vitro and in planta. Phylogenetic analysis and biochemical assays suggest that GmSSAcT1 likely evolved from acyltransferases present in leguminous plants involved in isoflavonoid acylation. Loss-of-function mutants of GmSSAcT1 exhibited impaired seed germination, which attribute to the excessive accumulation of null-acetylated type-A soyasaponins. We conclude that GmSSAcT1 not only functions as a detoxification gene for high accumulation of type-A soyasaponins in soybean seeds but is also a promising target for breeding new soybean varieties with lower bitter soyasaponin content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Liya Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xindan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institute of Pasteur of Shanghai, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenxiang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xing X, Cao C, Li S, Wang H, Xu Z, Qi Y, Tong F, Jiang H, Wang X. α-naphthaleneacetic acid positively regulates soybean seed germination and seedling establishment by increasing antioxidant capacity, triacylglycerol mobilization and sucrose transport under drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107890. [PMID: 37454467 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is an important constraint for the germination of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seeds and seedling establishment. A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of priming soybean seeds with 5 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and the mechanism responsible for the induced tolerance of drought stress (soil relative water content of 55%). NAA priming inhibited drought-induced oxidative damage in seeds, and further analysis indicated that it induced an early spike in hydrogen peroxide content by the upregulation of abscisic acid-dependent GmRbohC2, resulting in an enhancement of antioxidant capacity. Moreover, NAA priming also improved the hydrolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) to sucrose in stressed cotyledons by causing a 2- to 5-fold increase in the transcript levels of GmSDP1, GmACX2, GmMFP2, GmICL, GmMLS, GmGLI1, GmPCK1, GmFBPase1, GmSPS1 and GmSPS2. Consistently, it upregulated the expression levels of GmSUT1, GmCWINV1 and GmMST2 under drought stress, thus enhancing the transport of sucrose from cotyledons to embryonic axes, providing carbon skeletons and energy for axis growth. The seed germination percentage increased by 208.1% at 21 h after sowing, and seedling establishment percentage increased by 47.8% at 14 days after sowing. Collectively, the positive effects of NAA priming on seed germination and seedling establishment can be attributed to enhanced antioxidant ability in seeds, TAG mobilization in cotyledons and sucrose transport from cotyledons to embryonic axes under drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinghua Xing
- Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Chunxin Cao
- Jinhua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinhua, 321017, China
| | - Simeng Li
- Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Haorang Wang
- Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Zejun Xu
- Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Yujun Qi
- Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Fei Tong
- Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, 221131, China
| | - Haidong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Southern China, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Jiangsu Xuhuai Regional Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, 221131, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rao PJM, Pallavi M, Bharathi Y, Priya PB, Sujatha P, Prabhavathi K. Insights into mechanisms of seed longevity in soybean: a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1206318. [PMID: 37546268 PMCID: PMC10400919 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Soybean, a crop of international importance, is challenged with the problem of seed longevity mainly due to its genetic composition and associated environmental cues. Soybean's fragile seed coat coupled with poor DNA integrity, ribosomal dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and poor antioxidant system constitute the rationale for fast deterioration. Variability among the genotypes for sensitivity to field weathering contributed to their differential seed longevity. Proportion and density of seed coat, glassy state of cells, calcium and lignin content, pore number, space between seed coat and cotyledon are some seed related traits that are strongly correlated to longevity. Further, efficient antioxidant system, surplus protective proteins, effective nucleotide and protein repair systems and free radical scavenging mechanisms also contributed to the storage potential of soybean seeds. Identification of molecular markers and QTLs associated with these mechanisms will pave way for enhanced selection efficiency for seed longevity in soybean breeding programs. This review reflects on the morphological, biochemical and molecular bases of seed longevity along with pointers on harvest, processing and storage strategies for extending vigour and viability in soybean.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rehmani MS, Xian B, Wei S, He J, Feng Z, Huang H, Shu K. Seedling establishment: The neglected trait in the seed longevity field. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107765. [PMID: 37209453 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity is a central actor in plant germplasm resource conservation, species reproduction, geographical distribution, crop yield and quality and food processing and safety. Seed longevity and vigor decrease gradually during storage, which directly influences seed germination and post-germination seedling establishment. It is noted that seedling establishment is a key shift from heterotropism to autotropism and is fueled by the energy reserved in the seeds per se. Numerous studies have demonstrated that expedited catabolism of triacylglycerols, fatty acid and sugars during seed storage is closely related to seed longevity. Storage of farm-saved seeds of elite cultivars for use in subsequent years is a common practice and it is recognized that aged seed (especially those stored under less-than-ideal conditions) can lead to poor seed germination, but the significance of poor seedling establishment as a separate factor capable of influencing crop yield has been overlooked. This review article summarizes the relationship between seed germination and seedling establishment and the effect of different seed reserves on seed longevity. Based on this, we emphasize the importance of simultaneous scoring of seedling establishment and germination percentage from aged seeds and discuss the reasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Rehmani
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - BaoShan Xian
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - Zhenxin Feng
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China
| | - He Huang
- School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Environment and Ecology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang G, Wang S, Xie J, Tan P, Han L. Discontinuous low temperature stress and plant growth regulators during the germination period promote roots growth in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 197:107624. [PMID: 36948023 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In high-cold regions, alfalfa is susceptible to cold damage during the seed germination. The effects of discontinuous low temperature stress and plant growth regulators (PGRs) on alfalfa were studied in response to the high day/night temperature differentials in the area. The experiments included seed germination, seedling cold tolerance and plant recovery. Variable temperatures (VT) of 0 °C/15 °C, 5 °C/20 °C and 10 °C/25 °C were set and seeds were soaked with alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), brassinolide (BR) and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) during the germination period. Parameters such as seed germination and mean germination time (MGT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) content of early seedlings, dry matter accumulation and root crown of the restored plants were analysed. The results showed that low variable-temperature (LVT) stress prolonged the MGT but had little inhibitory effect on germination percentage. Early seedlings adapted to LVT stress by regulating their own water and OPC content, PAL activity and other parameters. LVT induced early alfalfa seedlings to increase their underground biomass by shortening root length and increasing root diameter, and those that had accumulated more underground biomass had faster growth rates and higher total biomass when the ambient temperature rose. AOS also promoted an increase in root crown diameter and root dry weight. This research proved that LVT stress and AOS during the germination process can lead to better growth of alfalfa in high cold regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqian Jiang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shichao Wang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Jin Xie
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China
| | - Pan Tan
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lipu Han
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology / Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050022, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zveushe OK, de Dios VR, Zhang H, Zeng F, Liu S, Shen S, Kang Q, Zhang Y, Huang M, Sarfaraz A, Prajapati M, Zhou L, Zhang W, Han Y, Dong F. Effects of Co-Inoculating Saccharomyces spp. with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on Atmospheric Nitrogen Fixation in Soybeans ( Glycine max (L.)). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:681. [PMID: 36771765 PMCID: PMC9919766 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Crop production encounters challenges due to the dearth of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), while excessive chemical fertilizer use causes environmental hazards. The use of N-fixing microbes and P-solubilizing microbes (PSMs) can be a sustainable strategy to overcome these problems. Here, we conducted a greenhouse pot experiment following a completely randomized blocked design to elucidate the influence of co-inoculating N-fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) and PSMs (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces exiguus) on atmospheric N2-fixation, growth, and yield. The results indicate a significant influence of interaction on Indole-3-acetic acid production, P solubilization, seedling germination, and growth. It was also found that atmospheric N2-fixation, nodule number per plant, nodule dry weight, straw, and root dry weight per plant at different growth stages were significantly increased under dual inoculation treatments relative to single inoculation or no inoculation treatment. Increased seed yield and N and P accumulation were also noticed under co-inoculation treatments. Soil available N was highest under sole bacterial inoculation and lowest under the control treatment, while soil available P was highest under co-inoculation treatments and lowest under the control treatment. We demonstrated that the co-inoculation of N-fixing bacteria and PSMs enhances P bioavailability and atmospheric N2-fixation in soybeans leading to improved soil fertility, raising crop yields, and promoting sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Obey Kudakwashe Zveushe
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Victor Resco de Dios
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC-AGROTECNIO, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Hengxing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Fang Zeng
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Siqin Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Songrong Shen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qianlin Kang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yazhen Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Miao Huang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ahmed Sarfaraz
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Matina Prajapati
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Fundamental Science on Nuclear Wastes and Environmental Safety Laboratory, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Z, Wang W, Ali S, Luo X, Xie L. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Multiple Knockouts in Abscisic Acid Receptor Genes Reduced the Sensitivity to ABA during Soybean Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416173. [PMID: 36555815 PMCID: PMC9784318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important plant hormone that regulates numerous functions in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Several proteins regulate the ABA signal transduction mechanism in response to environmental stress. Among them, the PYR1/PYL/RCAR family act as ABA receptors. This study used the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing system with a single gRNA to knock out three soybean PYL genes: GmPYL17, GmPYL18, and GmPYL19. The gRNA may efficiently cause varying degrees of deletion of GmPYL17, GmPYL18, and GmPYL19 gene target sequences, according to the genotyping results of T0 plants. A subset of induced alleles was successfully transferred to progeny. In the T2 generation, we obtained double and triple mutant genotypes. At the seed germination stage, CRISPR/Cas9-created GmPYL gene knockout mutants, particularly gmpyl17/19 double mutants, are less susceptible to ABA than the wild type. RNA-Seq was used to investigate the differentially expressed genes related to the ABA response from germinated seedlings under diverse treatments using three biological replicates. The gmpyl17/19-1 double mutant was less susceptible to ABA during seed germination, and mutant plant height and branch number were higher than the wild type. Under ABA stress, the GO enrichment analysis showed that certain positive germination regulators were activated, which reduced ABA sensitivity and enhanced seed germination. This research gives a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the ABA signaling pathway and the participation of the key component at their molecular level, which helps enhance soybean abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, this research will aid breeders in regulating and improving soybean production and quality under various stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetative Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetative Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shahid Ali
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetative Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang 261325, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.X.)
| | - Linan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetative Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (L.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
T. V. N, S. RP, R. L. R. Population structure and genetic diversity characterization of soybean for seed longevity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278631. [PMID: 36472991 PMCID: PMC9725150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed longevity is an important trait in the context of germplasm conservation and economics of seed production. The identification of populations with high level of genetic variability for seed longevity and associated traits will become a valuable resource for superior alleles for seed longevity. In this study, Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS)-single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach, simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and agro-morphological traits have been explored to investigate the diversity and population structure of assembled 96 genotypes. The GBS technique performed on 96 genotypes of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) resulted in 37,897 SNPs on sequences aligned to the reference genome sequence. The average genome coverage was 6.81X with a mapping rate of 99.56% covering the entire genome. Totally, 29,955 high quality SNPs were identified after stringent filtering and most of them were detected in non-coding regions. The 96 genotypes were phenotyped for eight quantitative and ten qualitative traits by growing in field by following augmented design. The STRUCTURE (Bayesian-model based algorithm), UPGMA (Un-weighed Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean) and principal component analysis (PCA) approaches using SSR, SNP as well as quantitative and qualitative traits revealed population structure and diversity in assembled population. The Bayesian-model based STRUCTURE using SNP markers could effectively identify clusters with higher seed longevity associated with seed coat colour and size which were subsequently validated by UPGMA and PCA based on SSR and agro-morphological traits. The results of STRUCTURE, PCA and UPGMA cluster analysis showed high degree of similarity and provided complementary data that helped to identify genotypes with higher longevity. Six black colour genotypes, viz., Local black soybean, Kalitur, ACC Nos. 39, 109, 101 and 37 showed higher seed longevity during accelerated ageing. Higher coefficient of variability observed for plant height, number of pods per plant, seed yield per plant, 100 seed weight and seed longevity confirms the diversity in assembled population and its suitability for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naflath T. V.
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad S.
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravikumar R. L.
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu Z, Liu H, Zheng L, Xu F, Wu Y, Pu L, Zhang G. Enolase2 regulates seed fatty acid accumulation via mediating carbon partitioning in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13797. [PMID: 36251672 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In many higher plants, fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis is coordinately regulated at multiple levels by intricate regulatory networks. However, the factors and their regulatory mechanisms underlying seed oil accumulation are still limited. Here, we identified that loss of glycolytic metalloenzyme enolase2 (AtENO2) activity increased the contents of total FAs and salicylic acid (SA) but reduced the accumulation of flavonoids and mucilage by regulating the expression of key genes involved in their biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. AtENO2 physically interacts with the transcription factor AtTGA5, which may participate in the regulation of SA levels. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis of eno2- and WT also showed that the levels of three flavonoids, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercitrin, and epicatechin, were significantly decreased in eno2- , and the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway was also enriched in the KEGG analysis. Meanwhile, the mutation of AtENO2 delayed silique ripening, thereby prolonging silique photosynthesis time, allowing siliques to generate more photosynthesis products for FA biosynthesis. These results reveal a molecular mechanism by AtENO2 to regulate seed oil accumulation in A. thaliana, providing potential targets for improving crop seed oil quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lamei Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Pu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Genfa Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhou L, Lu L, Chen C, Zhou T, Wu Q, Wen F, Chen J, Pritchard HW, Peng C, Pei J, Yan J. Comparative changes in sugars and lipids show evidence of a critical node for regeneration in safflower seeds during aging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020478. [PMID: 36388552 PMCID: PMC9661361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During seed aging, there is a critical node (CN) where the population viability drops sharply. Exploring the specific locations of the CN in different species of plants is crucial for understanding the biological storage properties of seeds and refining seed life span management. Safflower, a bulk oil crop that relies on seeds for propagation, has a short seed life. However, at present, its biological characteristics during storage are not clear, especially the changes in metabolic capability and cell structures. Such knowledge is needed to improve the management of safflower seed life span and effective preservation in gene banks. Here, the seed survival curve of oilseed safflower under the controlled deterioration conditions of 60% relative humidity and 50°C was detected. The seed population showed an inverted S shape for the fall in germination. In the first 12 days of aging, germination remained above 86%. Prior to the CN at approximately day 10 (C10), when viability was in the "plateau" interval, seed vigor reduced at the same imbibition time point. Further analysis of the changes in sugar concentration found that the sucrose content decreased slowly with aging and the content of raffinose and two monosaccharides decreased abruptly at C10. Differentially metabolized lipids, namely lysophospholipids [lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines (LPE)] and PMeOH, increased at day 3 of aging (C3). Fatty acid content increased by C6, and the content of phospholipids [phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and phosphatidylinositols (PI) and glycolipids [digalactosyl diacylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, and sulphoquinovosyl diglycerides (SQDG)] decreased significantly from C10. In addition, the activities of raffinose hydrolase alpha-galactosidase and the glyoxylate key enzyme isocitrate lyase decreased with seed aging. Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed shrinkage of the seed plasma membrane at C10 and the later fragmentation. Seedling phenotypic indicators and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride activity assays also verified that there were significant changes in seeds quality at the CN. In summary, the time point C10 is a CN during seed population aging. Before the CN, sugar and lipid metabolism, especially fatty acid metabolism into sugar, can make up for the energy consumed by aging. After this point, the seeds were irreversibly damaged, and their viability was greatly and rapidly reduced as the cell structure became increasingly destroyed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiyan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hugh W. Pritchard
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang M, Li B, Wan Z, Chen X, Liu C, Liu C, Zhou Y. Exogenous Spermidine Promotes Germination of Aged Sorghum Seeds by Mediating Sugar Metabolism. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2853. [PMID: 36365306 PMCID: PMC9657371 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Starch, a substance stored in seeds, is the main source of energy for germination in sorghum seeds. However, as the seeds age, the catabolism of seed starch is affected, thereby seriously damaging germination ability. In this study, we aimed to understand how exogenous spermidine promoted germination in aged sorghum seed. Our phenotypic analysis indicated that exogenous spermidine not only significantly improved the germination rate, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of aged seeds, but also increased the root and shoot length after germination. Further, physiological analysis showed that exogenous spermidine increased the content of soluble sugar by upregulating the activity of amylase and sucrose invertase. Exogenous spermidine also improved the activities of key enzymes in glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway of aged sorghum seeds. Interestingly, exogenous spermidine protected the mitochondrial structure of aged seeds, which was consistent with the increase in the respiration rate and ATP content during seed germination. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that exogenous spermidine induced the expression of key genes related to starch and sugar metabolism in aged sorghum seeds. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that exogenous spermidine promoted aged sorghum seed germination by regulating starch and sugar metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Bang Li
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Zuliang Wan
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Crop Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Chang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chunjuan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Aissani N, Ghidaoui M, Sebai H. Wool Wax Extraction From Washing Effluent and Effect on Olea europea Germination and Growth. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221121202. [PMID: 36003318 PMCID: PMC9393683 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221121202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effluents from textile industry using wool pose serious environmental nuisances in
Tunisia that are mainly due to their pollutant load and the release of unpleasant odors.
In order to minimize these hazards and to take advantage of these wastes for the sake of
our environment, the present work consists on valuating wool wax from washing effluent on
olive (Olea europea), germination and growth. Extraction was made in
water at 70°C or hexane using sonication followed by concentration of the extracts in
soxhlet apparatus. Results showed that this waste is characterized by its richness in
total lipid content with extraction yields of 60.7 and 95.6%, respectively. GC-MS analysis
of wax showed its richness on fatty acids. Six saturated fatty acids ranking from 15 to 27
carbon atoms were characterized. Furthermore, diluted wax at a dose of 1.25 mg/g
significantly improves germination of olive seeds by germination index calculation, to
reach a maximum of 150 ± 17%. In fertigation experiment, the use of the same dose of
diluted wax promotes plant length to reach 45.7 ± 2.52 cm. GC-MS analysis after
derivatization showed significant enhancement of auxin production in plants treated with
1.25 mg of wax/g of soil compared to control with a concentration of 1.1 ± .1 and .7 ±
.2 ng/mg, respectively. This leads us to valuate wool wax as environmental friendly
natural product in agricultural and fertigation practice of olive plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadhem Aissani
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and
Valorization of Bio Resources, High Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
- Nadhem Aissani, Laboratory of Functional Physiology
and Valorization of Bio Resources, High Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of
Jendouba, Avenue Habib Bourguiba Béja 9000, Beja, Tunisia.
| | | | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratory of Functional Physiology and
Valorization of Bio Resources, High Institute of Biotechnology of Beja, University of Jendouba, Beja, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hassan MJ, Qi H, Cheng B, Hussain S, Peng Y, Liu W, Feng G, Zhao J, Li Z. Enhanced Adaptability to Limited Water Supply Regulated by Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate (DA-6) Associated With Lipidomic Reprogramming in Two White Clover Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:879331. [PMID: 35668812 PMCID: PMC9163823 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.879331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipid reprogramming is one of the most important adaptive strategies in plant species under unfavorable environmental circumstances. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to elucidate the effect of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a novel synthetic plant growth regulator, on oxidative damage, photosynthetic performance, changes in lipidomic profile, and unsaturation index of lipids in two white clover (Trifolium repens) cultivars (drought-sensitive "Ladino" and drought-resistant "Riverdel") under PEG-6000-induced water-deficit stress. Results revealed that water-deficit stress significantly enhanced oxidative damage and decreased photosynthetic functions in both cultivars. However, the damage was less in Riverdel. In addition, water-deficit stress significantly decreased the relative content of monogalactocyl-diacylglycerols (MGDG), sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols (SQDG), phosphatidic acisd (PA), phosphatidyl-ethanolamines (PE), phosphatidyl-glycerols (PG), phosphatidyl-serines (PS), ceramides (Cer), hexosylmonoceramides (Hex1Cer), sphingomyelins (SM), and sphingosines (Sph) in both cultivars, but a more pronounced decline was observed in Ladino. Exogenous application of DA-6 significantly increased the relative content of digalactocyl-diacylglycerols (DGDG), monogalactocyl-diacylglycerolsabstra (MGDG), sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols (SQDG), phosphatidic acids (PA), phosphatidyl-ethanolamines (PE), phosphatidyl-glycerols (PG), phosphatidyl-inositols (PI), phosphatidyl-serines (PS), ceramides (Cer), hexosylmonoceramides (Hex1Cer), neutral glycosphingolipids (CerG2GNAc1), and sphingosines (Sph) in the two cultivars under water-deficit stress. DA-6-treated Riverdel exhibited a significantly higher DGDG:MGDG ratio and relative content of sphingomyelins (SM) than untreated plants in response to water deficiency. Furthermore, the DA-6-pretreated plants increased the unsaturation index of phosphatidic acids (PA) and phosphatidylinositols (PI) in Ladino, ceramides (Cer) and hexosylmonoceramides (Hex1Cer) in Riverdel, and sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerols (SQDG) in both cultivars under water stress. These results suggested that DA-6 regulated drought resistance in white clover could be associated with increased lipid content and reprogramming, higher DGDG:MGDG ratio, and improved unsaturation index of lipids, contributing to enhanced membrane stability, integrity, fluidity, and downstream signaling transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyin Qi
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bizhen Cheng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shafiq Hussain
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangyan Feng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junming Zhao
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Colin-Oviedo Á, Garza-Aguilar SM, Marín-Obispo LM, Rodríguez-Sánchez DG, Trevino V, Hernández-Brenes C, Díaz de la Garza RI. The Enigmatic Aliphatic Acetogenins and Their Correlations With Lipids During Seed Germination and Leaf Development of Avocado ( Persea americana Mill.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:839326. [PMID: 35592561 PMCID: PMC9111537 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.839326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipids in avocados have been widely studied due to their nutritional value and several reported bioactivities. Aliphatic acetogenins are a relevant component of the avocado lipidome and have been tested for several potential food and pharma industries applications. This work followed the evolution of avocado fatty acids (FAs) and aliphatic acetogenins during seed germination and leaf growth. Oil extracts of embryonic axes, cotyledons, and leaves from seedlings and trees were divided to analyze free acetylated acetogenins (AcO-acetogenins), and free FAs. Embryonic axes from germinating seeds contained the highest amount of AcO-acetogenins and FAs; this tissue also accumulated the most diverse FA profile with up to 22 detected moieties. Leaves presented the highest variations in AcO-acetogenin profiles during development, although leaves from seedlings accumulated the simplest FA profile with only 10 different FAs. Remarkably, AcO-acetogenins represented half of the carbons allocated to lipids in grown leaves, while embryonic axes and cotyledons always contained more carbons within FAs during germination. Thus, we hypothesized the use of the AcO-acetogenin acyl chain for energy production toward β-oxidation. Also, α-linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids (DHAs) were proposed as close AcO-acetogenin intermediaries based on a correlation network generated using all these data. Another part of the oil extract was fractionated into different lipid classes before transesterification to profile FAs and acetogenins bound to lipids. Acetogenin backbones were identified for the first time in triglycerides from cotyledons and mainly in polar lipids (which include phospholipids) in all developing avocado tissues analyzed. Seed tissues accumulated preferentially polar lipids during germination, while triglycerides were consumed in cotyledons. Seedling leaves contained minute amounts of triglycerides, and polar lipids increased as they developed. Results from this work suggest acetogenins might be part of the energy and signaling metabolisms, and possibly of membrane structures, underlining the yet to establish role(s) of these unusual lipids in the avocado plant physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Colin-Oviedo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Víctor Trevino
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Integrative Biology Unit, Monterrey, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Carmen Hernández-Brenes
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Integrative Biology Unit, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Rocío I. Díaz de la Garza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Integrative Biology Unit, Monterrey, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Huang Y, Mei G, Fu X, Wang Y, Ruan X, Cao D. Ultrasonic Waves Regulate Antioxidant Defense and Gluconeogenesis to Improve Germination From Naturally Aged Soybean Seeds. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833858. [PMID: 35419018 PMCID: PMC8996252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soybean seeds contain substantial triacylglycerols and fatty acids that are prone to oxidation during storage, contributing to the dramatic deterioration of seed vigor. This study reports an ultrasonic waves treatment (UWT), which is a physical method capable of promoting the germination ability of the aged soybean seeds by regulating the antioxidant defense and gluconeogenesis. Germination test revealed that UWT significantly increased the germination rate and seedlings' establishment of the soybean seeds stored for 12 months, although insignificantly impacting the vigor of fresh (stored for 1 month) and short-term stored (for 6 months) seeds. Further biochemical analysis revealed that UWT decreased the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), O2⋅-, and malondialdehyde contents in the aged soybean seeds during early germination. Consistently, UWT prominently elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, and also the corresponding gene expressions. Besides, the soluble sugar content of UWT was significantly higher than that of the untreated aged seeds. Analysis of enzyme activity showed UWT significantly upregulated the activities of several key enzymes in gluconeogenesis and the transcription levels of corresponding genes. Moreover, UWT enhanced the invertase activity within aged seeds, which was responsible for catalyzing sucrose hydrolysis for forming glucose and fructose. In summary, UWT improved germination and seedlings establishment of aged soybean seeds by regulating antioxidant defense and gluconeogenesis. This study expands the application of ultrasonication in agricultural production and further clarifies the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the aged seed germination, aiming to provide theoretical and practical guidance for seed quality and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaofu Mei
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xujun Fu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Ruan
- Zhejiang Nongke Seed Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cheng B, Hassan MJ, Feng G, Zhao J, Liu W, Peng Y, Li Z. Metabolites Reprogramming and Na +/K + Transportation Associated With Putrescine-Regulated White Clover Seed Germination and Seedling Tolerance to Salt Toxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856007. [PMID: 35392519 PMCID: PMC8981242 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is a serious challenge to many countries worldwide. Putrescine (Put) is related to the improvement of seed germination under salt stress, but molecular and metabolic mechanisms are still not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of seed soaking with Put on germination characteristics under salt stress induced by 100 mm sodium chloride (NaCl) and to further analyze subsequent stress tolerance associated with amylolysis, oxidative damage, sodium (Na+)/ potassium (K+) accumulation and transportation, and metabolic homeostasis in white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Haifa) seedlings. The results showed that seed soaking with Put significantly alleviated salt-induced decreases in the endogenous Put content, germination rate, germination vigor, germination index, Rl/SL, and fresh/dry weight of seedlings. Put application also significantly promoted starch metabolism through activating α-amylase and β-amylase activities under salt stress. The metabolomic analysis showed that seed soaking with Put significantly increased the accumulation of polyamines (Put and spermidine), amino acids (γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, alanine, proline, citrulline, etc.), organic acids (ketopentanic acid, malonic acid, malic acid, ketopentanic acid, cis-sinapinic acid, etc.), lipids and fatty acids (glycerol, stearic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, etc.), sugars (levoglucosan, fucose, and anhydro-D-galactose), alcohols (myo-inositol, allo-inositol, hexadecanol, and threitol), and other metabolites (thymine, xanthine, adenine, guanine, and glycerol 1-phosphate, etc.) associated with enhanced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt contributing to better osmotic adjustment, cell membrane stability, energy supply, and metabolic homeostasis when seeds germinated under salt stress. In addition, Put significantly up-regulated the AsSOS1, NHX6, SKOR, HKT1, and HKT8 expression levels which played critical roles in Na+ rejection and K+ retention resulting in higher K+/Na+ ratio during seed germination under salt stress. The Put-induced up-regulation of HAL2 transcription level could reduce the toxicity of 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) in cells. Current findings will provide an integrative understanding of Put-induced salt tolerance associated with amylolysis, metabolic regulation, and ionic homeostasis during seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen C, Wang R, Dong S, Wang J, Ren CX, Chen CP, Yan J, Zhou T, Wu QH, Pei J, Chen J. Integrated proteome and lipidome analysis of naturally aged safflower seeds varying in vitality. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:266-277. [PMID: 34748691 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seed ageing has an important effect on germination and productivity. During natural ageing, seed vigour decreases rapidly but, to date, the molecular mechanisms underlying this decrease have not been fully elucidated. Using omics, some of the details regarding seed vigour decline during natural ageing might be elucidated through integrated analysis. Safflower seed germination and physio-biochemical changes during natural ageing (stored for 4, 16 and 28 months) were determined. Proteome and lipidome profiling during natural seed ageing was performed, and the differentially expressed proteins and lipid metabolite species analysed. The surface and internal structures of cotyledons were observed. An integrating analysis of the proteome and lipidome was also carried out. Natural seed ageing significantly decreased safflower seed germination and vigour. 4,184 proteins and 1,193 lipids were quantified, both of which show huge differences among the different naturally aged seeds. The surface of the cotyledons collapsed and cracked, and the oil bodies become looser during natural ageing. The total content of DAG and PA increased, while the content of TAG and PL (PC, PE, PS, PI and PL) significantly decreased during seeds ageing. Two lipase genes (HH-026818-RA and HH-025320) likely participated in this degradation of lipids. We conclude that the enzymes that participate in glycerolipid metabolism and fatty acid degradation probably lead to the degradation of oil bodies (TAG) and membrane lipids (PC, PE, PS, PI, PG) and, ultimately, destroy the structure, causing a decline in seed vigour during natural seed ageing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - R Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - S Dong
- The State Bank of Chinese Drug Germplam Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - C-X Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - C-P Chen
- The State Bank of Chinese Drug Germplam Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - J Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - T Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- The State Bank of Chinese Drug Germplam Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Q-H Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - J Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - J Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang C, Shen S, Zhou S, Li Y, Mao Y, Zhou J, Shi Y, An L, Zhou Q, Peng W, Lyu Y, Liu X, Chen W, Wang S, Qu L, Liu X, Fernie AR, Luo J. Rice metabolic regulatory network spanning the entire life cycle. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:258-275. [PMID: 34715392 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most important crops in the world, rice (Oryza sativa) is a model plant for metabolome research. Although many studies have focused on the analysis of specific tissues, the changes in metabolite abundance across the entire life cycle have not yet been determined. In this study, combining both targeted and nontargeted metabolite profiling methods, a total of 825 annotated metabolites were quantified in rice samples from different tissues covering the entire life cycle. The contents of metabolites in different tissues of rice were significantly different, with various metabolites accumulating in the plumule and radicle during seed germination. Combining these data with transcriptome data obtained from the same time period, we constructed the Rice Metabolic Regulation Network. The metabolites and co-expressed genes were further divided into 12 clusters according to their accumulation patterns, with members within each cluster displaying a uniform and clear pattern of abundance across development. Using this dataset, we established a comprehensive metabolic profile of the rice life cycle and used two independent strategies to identify novel transcription factors-namely the use of known regulatory genes as bait to screen for new networks underlying lignin metabolism and the unbiased identification of new glycerophospholipid metabolism regulators on the basis of tissue specificity. This study thus demonstrates how guilt-by-association analysis of metabolome and transcriptome data spanning the entire life cycle in cereal crops provides novel resources and tools to aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying important agronomic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenkun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuangqian Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shen Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yufei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuyuan Mao
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yuheng Shi
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Longxu An
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenju Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lyu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shouchuang Wang
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Lianghuan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany; Centre of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luo K, Yuan X, Xie C, Liu S, Chen P, Du Q, Zheng B, Wu Y, Wang X, Yong T, Yang W. Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate Increase Relay Strip Intercropping Soybean Grain by Optimizing Photosynthesis Aera and Delaying Leaf Senescence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:818327. [PMID: 35069671 PMCID: PMC8767051 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.818327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient and unbalanced biomass supply inhibited soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield formation in the maize-soybean relay strip intercropping (IS) and monoculture soybean (SS). A field experiment was conducted to explore the soybean yield increase mechanism of DA-6 in IS and SS treatments. In this 2-year experiment, compact maize "Denghai 605" and shade-tolerant soybean "Nandou 25" were selected as cultivated materials. DA-6 with four concentrations, i.e., 0 mg/L (CK), 40 mg/L (D40), 60 mg/L (D60), and 80 mg/L (D80), were sprayed on soybean leaves at the beginning of flowering stage of soybean. Results showed that DA-6 treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased soybean grain yield, and the yield increase ratio was higher in IS than SS. The leaf area index values and net photosynthesis rate of IS peaked at D60 and were increased by 32.2-49.3% and 24.1-27.2% compared with the corresponding CK. Similarly, DA-6 treatments increased the aboveground dry matter and the amount of soybean dry matter accumulation from the R1 stage to the R8 stage (VDMT) and highest at D60 both in IS and SS. D60 increased the VDMT by 29.0-47.1% in IS and 20.7-29.2% in SS. The TR G at D60 ranged 72.4-77.6% in IS and 61.4-62.5% in SS. The MDA content at D60 treatment was decreased by 38.3% in IS and 25.8% in SS. The active grain-filling day in IS was about 7 days longer than in SS. In D60 treatment, the Vmean and Vmax increased by 6.5% and 6.5% in IS and 5.7% and 4.3% in SS compared with the corresponding CK. Although the pod number and hundred-grain weight were significantly (p < 0.05) increased by DA-6 treatments, the grains per pod were maintained stable. The pod number and hundred-grain weight were increased by 30.1-36.8% and 4.5-6.7% in IS and 6.3-13% and 3.6-5.6% in SS. Thus, the grain yield at D60 was increased by 36.7-38.4% in IS and 21.7-26.6% in SS. DA-6 treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased soybean grain yield and peaked D60 treatments both in IS and SS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoting Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Benchuan Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushan Wu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System / Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cai S, Wu L, Wang G, Liu J, Song J, Xu H, Luo J, Shen Y, Shen S. DA-6 improves sunflower seed vigor under Al 3+ stress by regulating Al 3+ balance and ethylene metabolic. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113048. [PMID: 34883324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al3+) stress restricts plant seed germination and seedling growth seriously. Here, the sunflower "S175″ variety was used to explore the technique of improving seed vigor under Al3+ stress and investigate the effect of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) on physiological characteristics in sunflower seeds during germination under Al3+ stress. The results showed that 3.0 mmol·L-1 Al3+ treatment significantly suppressed the sunflower seed germination and seedling growth. Al3+ stress significantly increased Al3+ content and secretion rates of citric and malic acids in sunflower seeds during germination. Besides, endogenous ethylene content was increased in Al3+-treated seeds. DA-6 serves as a positive signal to regulate the sunflower seed germination under Al3+ stress. Moreover, DA-6 enhanced the activities of malic dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase, up-regulated the expressions of organic acid transport-related genes (ALMT and MATE), resulting in reduced accumulation of Al3+. Furthermore, exogenous DA-6 mitigated excessive accumulation of ethylene by decreasing the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-dihydrodipicolinate synthase activity and related-gene expression. However, DA-6 treatment had no effect on abscisic acid or gibberellin metabolism in sunflower seeds under Al3+ stress. These results confirmed that DA-6 application enhanced the germination capacity through induction of the synthesis and transport of malic and citric acids, and suppression of the excessive accumulation of endogenous ethylene, thus contributing to alleviate Al3+ toxicity in sunflower seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Cai
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Liyuan Wu
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Guofu Wang
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Hua Xu
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Yi Shen
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Shuyu Shen
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Qunxianzhong Road 2799, Shaoxing 312000, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang R, Wu F, Xie X, Yang C. Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Seed Vigor in Soybean under -20 °C Storage and Accelerated Aging Conditions via RAD Sequencing. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1977-1996. [PMID: 34889905 PMCID: PMC8928945 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its fast deterioration, soybean (Glycine max L.) has an inherently poor seed vigor. Vigor loss occurring during storage is one of the main obstacles to soybean production in the tropics. To analyze the genetic background of seed vigor, soybean seeds of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross between Zhonghuang24 (ZH24, low vigor cultivar) and Huaxia3hao (HX3, vigorous cultivar) were utilized to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) underlying the seed vigor under -20 °C conservation and accelerated aging conditions. According to the linkage analysis, multiple seed vigor-related QTLs were identified under both -20 °C and accelerated aging storage. Two major QTLs and eight QTL hotspots localized on chromosomes 3, 6, 9, 11, 15, 16, 17, and 19 were detected that were associated with seed vigor across two storage conditions. The indicators of seed vigor did not correlate well between the two aging treatments, and no common QTLs were detected in RIL populations stored in two conditions. These results indicated that deterioration under accelerated aging conditions was not reflective of natural aging at -20 °C. Additionally, we suggest 15 promising candidate genes that could possibly determine the seed vigor in soybeans, which would help explore the mechanisms responsible for maintaining high seed vigor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfan Wang
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Fengqi Wu
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.W.); (F.W.)
| | - Xianrong Xie
- Department of Genetics, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Cunyi Yang
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (R.W.); (F.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang L, Chandrasekaran U, Luo X, Wei S, Shu K. Parental Shading Regulates Subsequent Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748760. [PMID: 34819940 PMCID: PMC8606882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huang Y, Cai S, Ruan X, Xu J, Cao D. CSN improves seed vigor of aged sunflower seeds by regulating the fatty acid, glycometabolism, and abscisic acid metabolism. J Adv Res 2021; 33:1-13. [PMID: 34603775 PMCID: PMC8463905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sunflower seeds possess higher oil content than do cereal crop seeds. Storage of sunflower seeds is accompanied by loss of seed vigor and oxidation of storage and membrane lipids. Objectives This study first reported that compound sodium nitrophenolate (CSN), a new plant growth modulator, improved the germination and seedling emergence of aged sunflower seeds. The present study provide a future reference as to the potential applications of CSN and the regulation mechanism of exogenous substances in increasing aged crop seed vigor. Methods Phenotypic analysis was performed to investigate the effect of CSN on germination and seedling emergence from naturally- and artificially-aged sunflower seeds. The biochemical and enzyme activity analysis were conducted to test the CSN-induced effect on glycometabolism, fatty acid and abscisic acid metabolism. Meanwhile, gene expression analysis was carried out to detect the changes in the transcription level of sunflower seeds during early germination period after CSN treatment. Results CSN application significantly increased the germination rate and seedling emergence rate of sunflower seeds under natural and artificial aging. Biochemical analysis indicated that, CSN treatment significantly enhanced the sucrose and fructose contents in aged sunflower seeds during early germination period. Moreover, the contents of several different fatty acids in CSN-treated sunflower seeds also significantly increased. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that CSN treatment remarkably up-regulated the activities of several critical enzymes related to triacylglycerol hydrolysis. Consequently, the transcription levels of the above key enzymes-related synthetic genes were also significantly up-regulated in CSN treatment. Furthermore, CSN treatment significantly decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content through the regulation of the gene expressions and activities of metabolism related-enzymes. Conclusion Taken together, the contribution of CSN to the improvement of aged sunflower seed germination and seedling emergence might be closely related to the fatty acid, glycometabolism, and ABA metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Cai
- School of Architectural Engineering, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, 312000 Shaoxing, China
| | - Xiaoli Ruan
- Zhejiang Nongke Seed Co. Ltd, 198 Shiqiao Road, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Pinhu City, 500 Xinhuabei Road, Pinhu 314200, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, 310021 Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lu J, Guan P, Gu J, Yang X, Wang F, Qi M, Li T, Liu Y. Exogenous DA-6 Improves the Low Night Temperature Tolerance of Tomato Through Regulating Cytokinin. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:599111. [PMID: 33613581 PMCID: PMC7889814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.599111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Low night temperature (LNT) causes environmental stress and has a severe and negative impact on plant growth and productivity. Synthetic elicitors can regulate plant growth and induce defense mechanisms from this type of stress. Here, we evaluated the effect of the exogenous growth regulator diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) in tomato leaf response to LNT stress. Our results showed that exogenous DA-6 activates the expression of chlorophyll synthesis and photosystem-related genes, and results in higher photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll production. Furthermore, DA-6 can regulate the synthesis of endogenous cytokinin (CTK) and the expression of decomposition genes to stabilize chloroplast structure, reduce oxidative damage, and maintain the photochemical activity of tomato leaves under LNT stress. DA-6 maintains a high level of ABA content and induces the expression of CBF genes, indicating that DA-6 may participate in the cold response signaling pathway and induce the expression of downstream low temperature response genes and accumulation of compatible osmolytes. This study unravels a mode of action by which plant growth regulators can improve low temperature tolerance and provides important considerations for their application to alleviate the harmful effects of cold stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Pengxiao Guan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiamao Gu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang X, Hu H, Li F, Yang B, Komatsu S, Zhou S. Quantitative proteomics reveals dual effects of calcium on radicle protrusion in soybean. J Proteomics 2021; 230:103999. [PMID: 33017647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To reveal calcium-mediated germination in soybean, a gel-free/label-free proteomics was performed in radicle of seed imbibed with CaCl2. Morphological analysis presented promoting and suppressing performance of seed growth under 5 and 50 mM CaCl2, respectively. A total of 106 and 581 proteins were identified in response to 5 and 50 mM CaCl2, respectively. Among 33 proteins, which were simultaneously affected by 5 and 50 mM CaCl2 imbibition, proteins related to protein metabolism, cell, development, and stress showed reversed abundance in response to CaCl2 on dose-dependent manner. Notably, protein abundance of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) 4-5, LEA4, and dehydrin decreased and increased by 5 and 50 mM CaCl2, respectively, consistent with the transcript level. Moreover, inhibited biosynthesis of gibberellic acid repressed growth of 5 mM CaCl2-imbibed soybean, while inhibition of abscisic acid biosynthesis released the suppressing effects of 50 mM CaCl2. Taken together, these results suggest that decreased or increased protein abundance of LEA4-5, LEA4, and dehydrin might determine promoting or suppressing effects of low or high level of calcium on soybean through enhancing seed sensitivity to gibberellic acid or abscisic acid during radicle protrusion. SIGNIFICANCE: Calcium serves as a versatile signal in plant growth; however, calcium-mediated germination on dose-dependent manner remains elusive. In this study, dual effects of calcium on radicle protrusion in soybean were investigated using proteomic approach. Radicle growth of germinating seed was improved by 5 mM CaCl2; however, it was retarded by 50 mM CaCl2. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) 4-5, LEA4, and dehydrin displayed converse profiles in response to low and high concentrations of CaCl2 at both protein abundance and gene expression level. Inhibited biosynthesis of gibberellic acid (GA) significantly impeded radicle protrusion in presence of low concentration of CaCl2, while inhibiting of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis released suppression induced by high concentration of CaCl2. These findings suggest that LEA proteins are associated with calcium-mediated radicle protrusion on dose-dependent manner, and seed sensitivity to GA and ABA might determine promoting and suppressing effects of calcium on radicle protrusion in soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Hu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Shunli Zhou
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hassan MJ, Geng W, Zeng W, Raza MA, Khan I, Iqbal MZ, Peng Y, Zhu Y, Li Z. Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate Priming Ameliorates Seed Germination via Involvement in Hormonal Changes, Osmotic Adjustment, and Dehydrins Accumulation in White Clover Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709187. [PMID: 34394164 PMCID: PMC8358406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a serious outcome of climate change reducing the productivity of forage species under arid and semi-arid conditions worldwide. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a novel plant growth regulator, has proven to be involved in the amelioration of critical physiological functions in many agricultural crops under various abiotic stresses, but the role of the DA-6 in improving seed germination has never been investigated under drought stress. The present study was carried out to elucidate the impact of the DA-6 priming on seeds germination of white clover under drought stress. Results showed that seed priming with the DA-6 significantly mitigated the drought-induced reduction in germination percentage, germination vigor, germination index, seed vigor index, root length, shoot length, and fresh weight after 7 days of seed germination. The DA-6 significantly increased the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, and cytokinin content with marked reduction in abscisic acid content in seedlings under drought stress. In addition, the DA-6 significantly accelerated starch catabolism by enhancing the activities of hydrolases contributing toward enhanced soluble sugars, proline content and ameliorated the antioxidant defense system to enhance the ability of reactive oxygen species scavenging under drought stress. Furthermore, exogenous DA-6 application significantly increased dehydrins accumulation and upregulated transcript levels of genes encoding dehydrins (SK2, Y2SK, or DHNb) during seeds germination under water deficient condition. These findings suggested that the DA-6 mediated seeds germination and drought tolerance associated with changes in endogenous phytohormones resulting in increased starch degradation, osmotic adjustment, antioxidants activity, and dehydrins accumulation during seed germination under water deficient condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jawad Hassan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wan Geng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihang Zeng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Imran Khan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqun Zhu
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yongqun Zhu,
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Zhou Li,
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Huang Y, Lu M, Wu H, Zhao T, Wu P, Cao D. High Drying Temperature Accelerates Sunflower Seed Deterioration by Regulating the Fatty Acid Metabolism, Glycometabolism, and Abscisic Acid/Gibberellin Balance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:628251. [PMID: 34122464 PMCID: PMC8193951 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.628251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sunflower seed storage is accompanied by the loss of seed vigor. Seed drying is a key link between seed harvest and seed storage; however, to date, the effect of seed drying on sunflower seed deterioration during storage remains unclear. The present study performed hot air drying for sunflower seeds with an initial moisture content of 30% to examine the manner in which drying temperature (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55°C) affects the drying performance and seed vigor following storage process (6 and 12 months). A drying temperature of 40°C was evidently safe for sunflower seeds, whereas the high drying temperatures (HTD, 45, 50, and 55°C) significantly lowered sunflower seed vigor by regulating the fatty acid metabolism, glycometabolism, and abscisic acid (ABA)/gibberellin (GA) balance. HDT significantly increased the seed damage rate and accelerated sunflower seed deterioration during natural and artificial aging process. Further biochemical analysis indicated that HDT significantly increased lipoxygenase and dioxygenase activities, leading to malonaldehyde and reactive oxygen species over-accumulation during storage. During early seed germination, HDT significantly inhibited fatty acid hydrolysis and glycometabolism by decreasing triacylglycerol lipase, CoA-SH oxidase, and invertase activities. Moreover, HDT remarkably increased ABA levels but reduced GA levels by regulating gene expressions and metabolic enzyme activities during early imbibitions. Cumulatively, the seed drying effect on sunflower seed vigor deterioration during the storage process may be strongly related to fatty acid oxidation and hydrolysis metabolism, toxic substance accumulation, and ABA/GA balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Huang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Lu
- Huzhou Keao Seed Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | - Huaping Wu
- Huzhou Keao Seed Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | | | - Pin Wu
- Huzhou Keao Seed Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Cao
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Huzhou Keao Seed Co., Ltd., Huzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dongdong Cao,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhi JH, Zhang D, Huang WJ, Chen QL, Wang JJ, Zheng QQ. Effects of compound growth regulators on the anatomy of Jujube Leaf and Fruit. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:3660-3668. [PMID: 33304178 PMCID: PMC7714976 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of three compound growth regulators formulated with hypersensitivity protein, spermidine, salicylic acid and DA-6 (diethyl aminoethanol hexanoate) were tested on Xinjiang Jun Jujube. The doses of compound growth regulators were named as A (Hypersensitivity protein + spermidine + salicylic acid at the rate of 30 mg/L, 0.1 mmol/L and 0.25 mmol/L, respectively), B (Hypersensitive protein + spermidine + DA-6 at the rate of 30 mg/L, 0.1 mmol/L and 30 mg/L, respectively) and C (Spermidine + salicylic acid + DA-6 at the rate of 0.1 mmol/L, 0.25 mmol/L and 30 mg/L, respectively) versus a control group CK (contained only water). Fruit anatomical structures were compared after spraying. The results indicated that after spraying, the thickness of the upper and lower epidermal cells and the stratum corneum were increased. However, the upper epidermal stratum corneum became significantly thicker than the lower epidermis. Spraying with A improved the thickness of upper and lower epidermal cells, stratum corneum, the central vein and mesophyll. The cumulative effects of all these changes in leaf and fruit anatomical structures provided the resistance of the experimental fruit plant to stress. While the B and C regulators had inhibitory effects. So, the results obtained after spraying A category were beneficial to improve the stress resistance of the fruits. The length and cell area of pericarp and sarcocarp cells in the treatment groups were not changed significantly. But the length, number of sarcocarp cells and number of gaps were lower than those in the CK. This study can provide new measures for improving plant resistance in jujube production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hu Zhi
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.,The Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Sourthern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China.,The Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Sourthern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Wen-Juan Huang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China
| | - Qi-Ling Chen
- Institute of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Institute of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Qiang-Qing Zheng
- Institute of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yang Y, Zheng C, Chandrasekaran U, Yu L, Liu C, Pu T, Wang X, Du J, Liu J, Yang F, Yong T, Yang W, Liu W, Shu K. Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of the GmDOG1-Like Family in Soybean and Investigation of Their Expression in Response to Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9080937. [PMID: 32722147 PMCID: PMC7465105 DOI: 10.3390/plants9080937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seed germination is one of the most important stages during plant life cycle, and DOG1 (Delay of germination1) plays a pivotal regulatory role in seed dormancy and germination. In this study, we have identified the DOG1-Like (DOG1L) family in soybean (Glycine max), a staple oil crop worldwide, and investigated their chromosomal distribution, structure and expression patterns. The results showed that the GmDOG1L family is composed of 40 members, which can be divided into six subgroups, according to their evolutionary relationship with other known DOG1-Like genes. These GmDOG1Ls are distributed on 18 of 20 chromosomes in the soybean genome and the number of exons for all the 40 GmDOG1Ls varied greatly. Members of the different subgroups possess a similar motif structure composition. qRT-PCR assay showed that the expression patterns of different GmDOG1Ls were significantly altered in various tissues, and some GmDOG1Ls expressed primarily in soybean seeds. Gibberellic acid (GA) remarkably inhibited the expression of most of GmDOG1Ls, whereas Abscisic acid (ABA) inhibited some of the GmDOG1Ls expression while promoting others. It is speculated that some GmDOG1Ls regulate seed dormancy and germination by directly or indirectly relating to ABA and GA pathways, with complex interaction networks. This study provides an important theoretical basis for further investigation about the regulatory roles of GmDOG1L family on soybean seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingzeng Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
| | | | - Liang Yu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Tian Pu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Junbo Du
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jiang Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Feng Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Z.); (L.Y.); (C.L.); (T.P.); (X.W.); (J.D.); (J.L.); (F.Y.); (T.Y.); (W.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, China;
- Correspondence: (W.L.); (K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhang J, Li S, Cai Q, Wang Z, Cao J, Yu T, Xie T. Exogenous diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate ameliorates low temperature stress by improving nitrogen metabolism in maize seedlings. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232294. [PMID: 32353025 PMCID: PMC7192554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spring maize sowing occurs during a period of low temperature (LT) in Northeast
China, and the LT suppresses nitrogen (N) metabolism and photosynthesis, further
reducing dry matter accumulation. Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6) improves N
metabolism; hence, we studied the effects of DA-6 on maize seedlings under LT
conditions. The shoot and root fresh weight and dry weight decreased by
17.70%~20.82% in the LT treatment, and decreased by 5.81%~13.57% in the LT +
DA-6 treatment on the 7th day, respectively. Exogenous DA-6
suppressed the increases in ammonium (NH4+) content and
glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, and suppressed the decreases in nitrate
(NO3–) and nitrite (NO2–)
contents, and activities of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR),
glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and transaminase
activities. NiR activity was most affected by DA-6 under LT conditions.
Additionally, exogenous DA-6 suppressed the net photosynthetic rate (Pn)
decrease, and the suppressed the increases of superoxide anion radical
(O2·−) generation rate and hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) content. Taken together, our results suggest
that exogenous DA-6 mitigated the repressive effects of LT on N metabolism by
improving photosynthesis and modulating oxygen metabolism, and subsequently
enhanced the LT tolerance of maize seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R.
China
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Li
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Quan Cai
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R.
China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jingsheng Cao
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Maize Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,
Harbin, P.R. China
| | - Tenglong Xie
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R.
China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen F, Zhou W, Yin H, Luo X, Chen W, Liu X, Wang X, Meng Y, Feng L, Qin Y, Zhang C, Yang F, Yong T, Wang X, Liu J, Du J, Liu W, Yang W, Shu K. Shading of the mother plant during seed development promotes subsequent seed germination in soybean. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2072-2084. [PMID: 31925954 PMCID: PMC7242070 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The effect of shading during seed development on subsequent germination remains largely unknown. In this study, two soybean (Glycine max) seed production systems, monocropping (MC) and maize-soybean intercropping (IC), were employed to examine the effects of shading of the mother plant on subsequent seed germination. Compared to the MC soybean seeds, which received light, the developing IC seeds were exposed to shade resulting from the taller neighboring maize plants. The IC seeds germinated faster than the MC seeds, although there was no significant difference in the thickness of the seed coat. The concentration of soluble pro-anthocyanidin in the IC seed coat was significantly lower than that in the MC seed coat. Changes in the concentrations of several types of fatty acids in IC seeds were also observed, the nature of which were consistent with the effect on germination. The expression levels of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis were down-regulated in IC seeds, while the transcription levels of the genes related to gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis were up-regulated. This was consistently reflected in decreased ABA concentrations and increased active GA4 concentrations in IC seeds, resulting in an increased GA4/ABA ratio. Our results thus indicated that shading of the mother plant during seed development in soybean promoted subsequent germination by mediating the biosynthesis of pro-anthocyanidins, fatty acids, and phytohormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xingcai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Wuhan Metware Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
| | | | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou W, Chen F, Meng Y, Chandrasekaran U, Luo X, Yang W, Shu K. Plant waterlogging/flooding stress responses: From seed germination to maturation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 148:228-236. [PMID: 31981875 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is strongly associated with variations in precipitation and flooding events. Flooding usually causes submergence- or partial submergence stress in plants, which significantly has a negative influence on agricultural production, from seed germination to vegetative and reproductive growth. Flooding stress results in crop growth under low oxygen conditions and thus, negatively affects the developmental periods of plant lifecycle. The survival strategies of different plant species under this stressful condition are distinct, whereas the perception pathways associated with flooding stress are similar at the molecular level. Plants respond to flooding stress by mediating changes in their architecture, energy metabolism, photosynthesis, respiration and endogenous phytohormone biosynthesis/signaling, because aerobic respiration is inhibited under flooding stress, the decrease of energy metabolism further constrains plant development. Consequently, to acclimate under these unfavorable conditions, the anaerobic respiration cascade must be promoted. In this updated review, we primarily focus on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to flooding stress. We summarize the functions of the flooding response factors involved in energy metabolism and phytohormone biosynthesis/signaling cascades. Finally, the current understanding of how plants circumvent flooding stress, and the potential challenges for future research, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenguan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China; Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zhou W, Chen F, Luo X, Dai Y, Yang Y, Zheng C, Yang W, Shu K. A matter of life and death: Molecular, physiological, and environmental regulation of seed longevity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:293-302. [PMID: 31675441 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Both seed germination and early seedling establishment are important biological processes in a plant's lifecycle. Seed longevity is a key trait in agriculture, which directly influences seed germination and ultimately determines crop productivity and hence food security. Numerous studies have demonstrated that seed deterioration is regulated by complex interactions between diverse endogenous genetically controlled factors and exogenous environmental cues, including temperature, relative humidity, and oxygen partial pressure during seed storage. The endogenous factors, including the chlorophyll concentration, the structure of the seed coat, the balance of phytohormones, the concentration of reactive oxygen species, the integrity of nucleic acids and proteins and their associated repair systems, are also involved in the control of seed longevity. A precise understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying seed longevity is becoming a hot topic in plant molecular biology. In this review, we describe recent research into the regulation of seed longevity and the interactions between the various environmental and genetic factors. Based on this, the current state-of-play regarding seed longevity regulatory networks will be presented, particularly with respect to agricultural seed storage, and the research challenges to be faced in the future will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenguan Zhou
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Dai
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzeng Yang
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shu
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yu X, Jin H, Fu X, Yang Q, Yuan F. Quantitative proteomic analyses of two soybean low phytic acid mutants to identify the genes associated with seed field emergence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:569. [PMID: 31856712 PMCID: PMC6921446 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seed germination is essential to crop growth and development, and ultimately affects its harvest. It is difficult to breed soybeans low in phytic acid with a higher seed field emergence. Although additional management and selection could overcome the phytate reduction, the mechanisms of seed germination remain unknown. RESULTS A comparative proteomic analysis was conducted between two low phytic acid (LPA) soybean mutants (TW-1-M and TW-1), both of which had a deletion of 2 bp in the GmMIPS1 gene. However, the TW-1 seeds showed a significantly lower field emergence compared to the TW-1-M. There were 282 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) identified between two mutants at the three stages. Among these DAPs, 80 were down-accumulated and 202 were up-accumulated. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the identified proteins were related to functional categories of oxidation reduction, response to stimulus and stress, dormancy and germination processes and catalytic activity. KEGG analysis showed that these DAPs were mainly involved in energy metabolism and anti-stress pathways. Based upon the conjoint analysis of DAPs with the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) previously published among three germination stages in two LPA mutants, 30 shared DAPs/DEGs were identified with different patterns, including plant seed protein, beta-amylase, protein disulfide-isomerase, disease resistance protein, pyrophosphate-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, cysteine proteinase inhibitor, non-specific lipid-transfer protein, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase. CONCLUSIONS Seed germination is a very complex process in LPA soybean mutants. The TW-1-M and TW-1 showed many DAPs involved in seed germination. The differential accumulation of these proteins could result in the difference of seed field emergence between the two mutants. The high germination rate in the TW-1-M might be strongly attributed to reactive oxygen species-related and plant hormone-related genes. All these findings would help us further explore the germination mechanisms in LPA crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hangxia Jin
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xujun Fu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fengjie Yuan
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bawa G, Feng L, Yan L, Du Y, Shang J, Sun X, Wang X, Yu L, Liu C, Yang W, Du J. Pre-treatment of salicylic acid enhances resistance of soybean seedlings to Fusarium solani. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:315-323. [PMID: 31392474 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Pre-treatment of soybean seedlings with 200 μM salicylic acid before fungal inoculation significantly alleviated disease resistance in soybean seedlings against Fusarium solani infection. Sudden death syndrome of soybean is largely caused by Fusarium solani (F. solani). Salicylic acid (SA) has been reported to induce resistance in plants against many pathogens. However, the effect of exogenous SA application on F. solani infection of soybean is less reported. This study investigated the effect of foliar application of SA on soybean seedlings before F. solani infection. Seedlings were sprayed with 200 µM SA and inoculated with F. solani after 24 h of last SA application. After 3 days post-inoculation, seedlings treated with 200 µM SA showed significantly fewer disease symptoms with increased endogenous SA level, SA marker genes expression and antioxidant activities in the SA-treated seedlings more than the untreated control seedlings. Furthermore, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was observed in the SA-treated plants as compared to the untreated plants. Analysis of the effect of SA application on F. solani showed that the mycelia growth of F. solani was not affected by SA treatment. Further investigation in this study revealed a decreased in F. solani biomass content in the SA treated seedlings. Results from the present study show that pre-treatment of 200 µM SA can induce resistance of soybean seedlings against F. solani infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Bawa
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lingyang Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yongli Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jing Shang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liang Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wen D, Li Y, He L, Zhang C. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanism by which spraying diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate after anthesis regulates wheat grain filling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:327. [PMID: 31324148 PMCID: PMC6642493 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), a plant growth regulator, has many beneficial effects on agricultural production. DA-6 has been applied to many plant species, but the molecular mechanism by which spraying DA-6 after anthesis regulates wheat grain filling is still unknown. RESULTS In this study, we used four DA-6 concentrations: C0 (0 g/L), C2 (2 g/L), C4 (4 g/L), and C6 (6 g/L). The results showed that C4 and C6 led to a significantly higher 1000-grain weight and seed protein content than C0 during two wheat growing seasons. We then subjected samples at 24 days after anthesis (at which point the grain weight increased rapidly) to transcriptome analysis. Flag leaf (L), seed (S), and stem (T) samples under C6 and C0 were used for RNA-seq. The seed samples under C6 compared with C0 (S6vsS0) presented the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 2164). Plant hormone signal transduction (p = 1.97 × 10- 4), protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER; p = 9.04 × 10- 11) and starch and sucrose metabolism (p = 1.90 × 10- 10) pathways were the most markedly enriched pathways in the flag leaves, stems, and seeds, respectively. DEGs involved in sucrose synthesis in the flag leaves, protein processing in ER in the stems, and starch synthesis and protein processing in ER in the seeds were significantly upregulated under C6 compared with C0. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we propose a model for spraying DA-6 after anthesis to regulate metabolic pathways in wheat, which provides new insights into wheat in response to DA-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province 271018 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen F, Yang Y, Luo X, Zhou W, Dai Y, Zheng C, Liu W, Yang W, Shu K. Genome-wide identification of GRF transcription factors in soybean and expression analysis of GmGRF family under shade stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:269. [PMID: 31226949 PMCID: PMC6588917 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Growth-regulating factor (GRF) family encodes plant-specific transcription factors which contain two conserved domains, QLQ and WRC. Members of this family play vital roles in plant development and stress response processes. Although GRFs have been identified in various plant species, we still know little about the GRF family in soybean (Glycine max). RESULTS In the present study, 22 GmGRFs distributed on 14 chromosomes and one scaffold were identified by searching soybean genome database and were clustered into five subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationships. GmGRFs belonging to the same subgroup shared a similar motif composition and gene structure. Synteny analysis revealed that large-scale duplications played key roles in the expansion of the GmGRF family. Tissue-specific expression data showed that GmGRFs were strongly expressed in growing tissues, including the shoot apical meristems, developing seeds and flowers, indicating that GmGRFs play critical roles in plant growth and development. On the basis of expression analysis of GmGRFs under shade conditions, we found that all GmGRFs responded to shade stress. Most GmGRFs were down-regulated in soybean leaves after shade treatment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this research systematically analyzed the characterization of the GmGRF family and its primary roles in soybean development and shade stress response. Further studies of the function of the GmGRFs in the growth, development and stress tolerance of soybean, especially under shade stress, will be valuable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yingzeng Yang
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yujia Dai
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Kai Shu
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wen D, Xu H, Xie L, He M, Hou H, Wu C, Li Y, Zhang C. Effects of Nitrogen Level during Seed Production on Wheat Seed Vigor and Seedling Establishment at the Transcriptome Level. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113417. [PMID: 30384458 PMCID: PMC6274887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer is a critical determinant of grain yield and seed quality in wheat. However, the mechanism of nitrogen level during seed production affecting wheat seed vigor and seedling establishment at the transcriptome level remains unknown. Here, we report that wheat seeds produced under different nitrogen levels (N0, N168, N240, and N300) showed significant differences in seed vigor and seedling establishment. In grain yield and seed vigor, N0 and N240 treatments showed the minimum and maximum, respectively. Subsequently, we used RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomes of seeds and seedlings under N0 and N240 at the early stage of seedling establishment. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis revealed that dioxygenase-activity-related genes were dramatically upregulated in faster growing seedlings. Among these genes, the top three involved linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase (Traes_2DL_D4BCDAA76, Traes_2DL_CE85DC5C0, and Traes_2DL_B5B62EE11). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that pathways involved in nutrient mobilization and the antioxidant system showed enhanced expression under N240. Moreover, seeds with faster growing seedlings had a higher gene expression level of α-amylase, which was consistent with α-amylase activity. Taken together, we propose a model for seedling establishment and seed vigor in response to nitrogen level during seed production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daxing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Haicheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Liuyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Mingrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Hongcun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|