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K Y, S SK, Vyas JMV, J V. Genotoxicity of Formaldehyde: Effect of Whole-Body Exposure on Polychromatic Erythrocyte/Normochromatic Erythrocyte Ratio in Male and Female Rats. Cureus 2024; 16:e62103. [PMID: 38993402 PMCID: PMC11238148 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Every day, millions of individuals are exposed to formaldehyde (FA) due to its extensive presence and versatile use. Many in vivoand in vitroexperiments revealed that the mechanism of genotoxicity induced by FA exposure is complex yet toxicity upon whole-body exposure (WBE) to FA is less. As teachers, students, and skilled assistants in the health care sectors are also extensively exposed to FA vapors, it might result in genotoxicity. However, the effects of subchronic exposure to FA at low concentrations are not clear. Hence, analysis of the micronucleus (MN) was necessary to study the genetic toxicity triggered by FA in the bone marrow of male and female experimental rats. The present study is a gender- and duration of exposure-based assessment of the geno- and cytotoxicity in bone marrow cells of Wistar rats to study the effect of WBE to 10% FA on polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) ratio and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCE) in experimental rats. The obtained result clearly showed that WBE to FA for 60 days at concentrations between 1 and 1.1 ppm (0, 1, and 1.5 h) induced genotoxic effects in both male and female rats by altering the MnPCE% and significantly increasing the ratio of PCE/NCE (1.07 ± 0.23, 1.20 ± 0.20, 1.22 ± 0.14). The PCE/NCE ratio in male rats was lesser (0.98, 1.12, and 1.18) when compared with female rats (1.17, 1.29, and 1.26) with 0, 1, and 1.5 h exposure, respectively. Thus, the genetic/cellular sensitivity to FA differs among the sexes and also depends on the exposure duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugesh K
- Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
| | - Senthil Kumar S
- Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
| | - Janani Maheshwari V Vyas
- Anatomy, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
| | - Vijayalakshmi J
- Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, IND
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Cortez N, Villegas C, Burgos V, Ortiz L, Cabrera-Pardo JR, Paz C. Therapeutic Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Chemoresistance and Chemoprotection in Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5189. [PMID: 38791228 PMCID: PMC11121551 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic drugs are indispensable in cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is often lessened because of non-selective toxicity to healthy tissues, which triggers inflammatory pathways that are harmful to vital organs. In addition, tumors' resistance to drugs causes failures in treatment. Chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, CGA), found in plants and vegetables, is promising in anticancer mechanisms. In vitro and animal studies have indicated that CGA can overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics and alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity by scavenging free radicals effectively. This review is a summary of current information about CGA, including its natural sources, biosynthesis, metabolism, toxicology, role in combatting chemoresistance, and protective effects against chemotherapy-induced toxicity. It also emphasizes the potential of CGA as a pharmacological adjuvant in cancer treatment with drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, doxorubicin, regorafenib, and radiotherapy. By analyzing more than 140 papers from PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, we hope to find the therapeutic potential of CGA in improving cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Cortez
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (N.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Cecilia Villegas
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (N.C.); (C.V.)
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Rudecindo Ortega, Temuco 4780000, Chile;
| | - Leandro Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Jaime R. Cabrera-Pardo
- Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile;
| | - Cristian Paz
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Drug Discovery, Center CEBIM, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile; (N.C.); (C.V.)
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Carazza-Kessler FG, Campos MS, Bittencourt RR, Rosa-Silva HTD, Brum PO, Silveira AK, Teixeira AA, Ribeiro CT, Peixoto DO, Santos L, Andrade G, Panzenhagen AC, Scheibel IM, Gelain DP, Fonseca Moreira JC. Transgenerational inheritance of methylmercury and vitamin A-induced toxicological effects in a Wistar rats environmental-based model. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141239. [PMID: 38272134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) and vitamin A (VitA) are two environmental factors with potential health impacts, especially during pregnancy and early childhood. Fish and seafood may present elevated levels of methylmercury (MeHg), the major Hg derivative, and VitA. This study aimed to evaluate the transgenerational effects of exposure to MeHg and/or VitA on epigenetic and toxicological parameters in a Wistar rat model. Our findings revealed persistent toxicological effects in generations F1 and F2 following low/mild doses of MeHg and/or VitA exposure during dams' (F0) gestation and breastfeeding. Toxicological effects observed in F2 included chronic DNA damage, bone marrow toxicity, altered microglial content, reduced neuronal signal, and diminished male longevity. Sex-specific patterns were also observed. Co-exposure to MeHg and VitA showed both synergistic and antagonistic effects. Additionally, the study demonstrated that MeHg and VitA affected histone methylation and caused consistent effects in F2. While MeHg exposure has been associated with transgenerational inheritance effects in other organisms, this study provides the first evidence of transgenerational inheritance of MeHg and VitA-induced toxicological effects in rodents. Although the exact mechanism is not yet fully understood, these findings suggest that MeHg and VitA may perpetuate their impacts across generations. The study highlights the need for remedial policies and interventions to mitigate the potential health problems faced by future generations exposed to MeHg or VitA. Further research is warranted to investigate the transgenerational effects beyond F2 and determine the matrilineal or patrilineal inheritance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Gabriel Carazza-Kessler
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Marlene Soares Campos
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Reykla Ramon Bittencourt
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Helen Taís da Rosa-Silva
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Ozorio Brum
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Kléber Silveira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Alexsander Alves Teixeira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Camila Tiefensee Ribeiro
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Oppermann Peixoto
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Santos
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Giovanni Andrade
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Alana Castro Panzenhagen
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Matsubara Scheibel
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo - Laboratório 32, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular - Instituto de Biociências - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2600 - Prédio Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Ortiz-García RG, Gómez-Meda BC, Gutiérrez-Sevilla JE, Gallegos-Arreola MP, Zamora-Perez AL, Ortiz-García YM, García-Arias VE, Torres-Mendoza BM, Zúñiga-González GM. Micronuclei and nuclear buds in amniotic tissue of rats treated with cyclophosphamide. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 890:503659. [PMID: 37567649 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Fetal development can be altered by DNA damage caused by maternal exposure to chemical, physical, or biological agents during gestation. One method of assessing genotoxicity is to detect micronuclei (MNs) and/or nuclear abnormalities. This can be performed in vivo and requires only frequently dividing tissues, such as amniotic tissue (AT), which is in contact with the fetal environment and is composed of very thin layers of cells. This study evaluated the presence of MNs, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds (NBs) in the fetal AT following maternal exposure to cyclophosphamide (CP) during pregnancy. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into a negative control group and an experimental group that was orally administered CP (10 mg/kg). Daily blood smears were obtained from pregnant rats on days 14-19 of gestation. The rats were dissected, and fetal ATs were obtained on the 19th day of gestation. The MN and NB frequencies in AT cells were analyzed using a fluorescence microscope (100 ×). Micronucleated erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of the control rats were also assessed. Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte frequencies were significantly higher than those in the controls. Polychromatic erythrocyte frequencies were lower in CP-treated rats than in controls at 48-120 h. Fetuses in the CP-treated group also showed a significant increase in MNs and NBs in AT cells. In conclusion, AT could be used for analyzing MNs and NBs in rats following maternal exposure to a genotoxic agent and as a viable alternative for analyzing the integrity of fetal DNA during gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Guillermo Ortiz-García
- Doctorado en Genética Humana, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Belinda Claudia Gómez-Meda
- Instituto de Genética Humana "Dr. Enrique Corona Rivera", Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Ernesto Gutiérrez-Sevilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y retrovirus humanos, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Departamento de Clínicas Medicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, División de Genética, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Lourdes Zamora-Perez
- Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Departamento de Clínicas Odontológicas Integrales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yveth Marlene Ortiz-García
- Instituto de Investigación en Odontología, Departamento de Clínicas Odontológicas Integrales, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Laboratorio de Apoyo a la Vigilancia e Investigación Epidemiológica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Víctor Eduardo García-Arias
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Blanca Miriam Torres-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Inmunodeficiencias y retrovirus humanos, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Departamento de Clínicas Medicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Moisés Zúñiga-González
- Laboratorio de Mutagénesis, División de Medicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Hernandez-Toledano DS, Salazar-Osorio AI, Medina-Buelvas DM, Romero-Martínez J, Estrada-Muñiz E, Vega L. Methylated and ethylated dialkylphosphate metabolites of organophosphate pesticides: DNA damage in bone marrow cells of Balb/c mice. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 889:503641. [PMID: 37491117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Dialkylphosphates (DAPs), metabolites of organophosphate (OP) pesticides, are widely distributed in the environment and are often used as biomarkers of OP exposure. Recent reports indicate that DAPs may be genotoxic, both in vitro and in vivo. We have examined the genotoxicity of the methylated DAPs dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP) and dimethylphosphate (DMTP) and the ethylated DAPs diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP) and diethylphosphate (DETP), in comparison with their parental compounds, malathion and terbufos, respectively, in bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of male and female Balb/c mice. We also compared DNA damage (comet assay) induced by DMDTP and dimethyl phosphate (DMP) in human cell lines. Both DMDTP and DMP caused DNA damage in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, HeLa cells, and the hepatic cell lines HepG2 and WRL-68. In the in vivo micronucleus assay, methylated and ethylated DAPs increased micronucleated PCE cells in both male and female mice. Female mice were more susceptible to DNA damage. In comparison to their parental compounds, methylated DAPs, particularly DMTP, were more genotoxic than malathion; DEDTP, DETP, and terbufos were similar in potency. These results suggest that DAPs may contribute to DNA damage associated with OP pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sebastián Hernandez-Toledano
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Andrea Ixtchel Salazar-Osorio
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Dunia Margarita Medina-Buelvas
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jessica Romero-Martínez
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabet Estrada-Muñiz
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Libia Vega
- Department of Toxicology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Gerashchenko BI, Sarnatskaya VV, Bardakhivska KI, Sydorenko OS, Kolesnik DL, Klymchuk DO. Myeloprotection with activated carbon in doxorubicin-treated rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18414. [PMID: 37539240 PMCID: PMC10393748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy can often cause a variety of side effects including bone marrow (BM) suppression, termed as myelosuppression. Accordingly, facile and effective management of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression is currently a pivotal task for experimental pathologists and oncologists. Here, we chose to use activated carbon (AC) with an extensive surface area for studying its possible protective effectiveness with respect to BM in doxorubicin (DOX)-treated rats. Spherical AC with an extended surface area up to 4490 m2/g was prepared for per os (p/o) delivery, whereas for intraperitoneal (i/p) delivery we used the powdered form of AC that was derived from the aforementioned spherical AC. During the monthly treatment of animals with AC and DOX these two components were delivered alternately (not in the same day). After treatment, BM cells were isolated from femurs of sacrificed animals, stained with acridine orange (AO) and analyzed by flow cytometry. Regardless of the route of AC delivery (p/o or i/p), apparent myeloprotection with a possible regenerative effect was observed in animals that received DOX, as evidenced by recovery of the populations of total nucleated cells (TNC) and polychromatic (immature) erythrocytes accompanied by a considerable reduction of the number of apoptotic/dead cells among TNC (≤2.0%). Moreover, as a result of AC administrations, there was a significant increase of AO green and far-red fluorescence intensities in the population of TNC, which is suggestive of the ongoing quantitative and conformational changes in DNA and RNA associated with cell recovery and proliferation. Thus, AC preparations under the present experimental conditions can effectively tackle DOX-induced myelosuppression via mechanisms not necessarily associated with adsorptive detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan I. Gerashchenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Veronika V. Sarnatskaya
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Kvitoslava I. Bardakhivska
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Oleksii S. Sydorenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Denis L. Kolesnik
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology (IEPOR), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Vasylkivska Str. 45, Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro O. Klymchuk
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Tereshchenkivska Str. 2, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
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Mandal A, Ghosh M, Talukdar D, Dey P, Das A, Giri S. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of tributyltin in the early embryonic chick, Gallus gallus domesticus. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 889:503656. [PMID: 37491115 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is used in many commercial applications, including pesticides and antifouling paints, due to its biocidal properties. We examined the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TBT in the early chick embryo (Gallus gallus domesticus). Chick embryos (11 days) were treated with various doses of TBT to measure LD50 values for 24, 48, and 72 h exposures, which were determined to be 110, 54, and 18 μg/egg, respectively. The embryos were exposed to sub-lethal doses of TBT for evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. An increase in the incidence of micronuclei (MN) was observed but it was not statistically significant. Induction of other nuclear abnormalities (ONA) after 72 h TBT exposure was significant. A significant increase in comet assay tail DNA content was also detected in TBT-exposed embryos. Cytotoxicity was also evidenced by alteration in the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) ratio and by an increase in the erythroblast population in treated organisms. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of TBT may have long-term complications in later stages of the life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Mandal
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Malaya Ghosh
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Doli Talukdar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Pubali Dey
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Aparajita Das
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India
| | - Sarbani Giri
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India.
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Ramalho CEL, Reis DDS, Caixeta GAB, Oliveira MCD, Silva DMFD, Cruvinel WDM, Teófilo MNG, Gomes CM, Sousa PAD, Soares LF, Melo AMD, Rocha JD, Bailão EFLC, Amaral VCS, Paula JAMD. Genotoxicity and maternal-fetal safety of the dried extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116403. [PMID: 36963474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), popularly known as "neem", is used for the treatment of rheumatism, cancer, ulcers, diabetes, respiratory problems, among others. This species is present on six continents and contains more than 400 bioactive compounds. Practically all parts of the plant are used in the treatment of diseases. Although it is widely used, no study has evaluated the safety of this species throughout the gestational period in Wistar rats. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the genotoxicity and the effect of treatment with dried extract of leaves of Azadirachta indica on maternal toxicity and fetal development. MATERIALS AND METHODS The dried extract of leaves of A. indica was obtained by spray drying after percolation of the plant material in 30% ethanol (w/w). The total flavonoids and rutin contents of the extract were determined by spectrophotometric method and HPLC-DAD, respectively. Pregnant Wistar rats (n = 40) were divided into four groups (n = 10/group): one control and three groups treated with dried extract of leaves of A. indica at doses of 300, 600 or 1200 mg/kg. Treatments were carried out from gestational day (GD) 0-20. During gestation, clinical signs of toxicity, weight gain, feed and water consumption of the dams were evaluated. On GD 21, rats were euthanized and cardiac blood was collected. Liver, kidneys, lung, heart, uterus, ovaries and bone marrow were collected. Reproductive performance parameters, histopathological analysis, biochemistry and genotoxicity were evaluated. Fetuses were evaluated for external morphology, skeletal and visceral changes. RESULTS The total flavonoid content of the extract ranged from 2.64 to 3.01%, and the rutin content was 1.07%. There was no change in body mass gain, food and water consumption between the evaluated groups. There was also no difference between the groups in terms of biochemical parameters, reproductive performance, histopathological analysis of the mother's organs and genotoxicity. Supernumerary ossification sites of the sternum were observed, and other skeletal and visceral alterations were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The treatment did not induce maternal toxicity, it was neither embryotoxic nor fetotoxic. The extract was not potentially genotoxic, and at a dose of 1200 mg/kg, it caused changes in the ossification of the sternum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Lacerda Ramalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Diego Dos Santos Reis
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Graziele Alícia Batista Caixeta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Micaelle Cristina de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Danielle Milany Fernandes da Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Wilson de Melo Cruvinel
- Escola de Ciências Médicas e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Clayson Moura Gomes
- Escola de Ciências Médicas e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Leiza Fagundes Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Anielly Monteiro de Melo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jamira Dias Rocha
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia. Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia. Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristiane Santana Amaral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia e Toxicologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Joelma Abadia Marciano de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (CAPS). Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil; Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação de Produtos da Biodiversidade. Universidade Estadual de Goiás. Campus Anápolis de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil.
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Seal I, Sil S, Das A, Roy S. Assessment of toxicity and genotoxic safety profile of novel fisetin ruthenium-p-cymene complex in mice. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:213-229. [PMID: 37008693 PMCID: PMC10050516 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00158-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the last decades flavonoids have been considered as a powerful bioactive molecule. Complexation of these flavonoids with metal ions demonstrated the genesis of unique organometallic complexes which provide improved pharmacological and therapeutic activities. In this research, the fisetin ruthenium-p-cymene complex was synthesized and characterized via different analytical methods like UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. The toxicological profile of the complex was evaluated by acute and sub-acute toxicity. Additionally, the mutagenic and genotoxic activity of the complex was assessed by Ames test, chromosomal aberration test, and micronucleus based assay in Swiss albino mice. The acute oral toxicity study exhibited the LD50 of the complex at 500 mg/kg and subsequently, the sub-acute doses were selected. In sub-acute toxicity study, the hematology and serum biochemistry of the 400 mg/kg group showed upregulated white blood cells, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, glucose and cholesterol. However, there was no treatment related alteration of hematological and serum biochemical parameters in the 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg group. In the histopathological analysis, the 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg groups were not associated with any toxicological alterations, whereas the 400 mg/kg group showed prominent toxicological incidences. Nevertheless, the treatment with fisetin ruthenium-p-cymene complex did not exhibit any mutagenic and genotoxic effect in Swiss albino mice. Thus, the safe dose of this novel organometallic complex was determined as 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg without any toxicological and genotoxic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Seal
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata-Group of Institution, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, 700053 West Bengal India
| | - Sidhanta Sil
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata-Group of Institution, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, 700053 West Bengal India
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata-Group of Institution, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, 700053 West Bengal India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata-Group of Institution, 124 B.L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, 700053 West Bengal India
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10
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Sil S, Das A, Seal I, Mukherjee S, Roy S. A toxicological evaluation for safety assessment of ruthenium-based diosmetin complex in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 137:105303. [PMID: 36427689 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The flavonoid-based organometallic complexes have been identified as novel bioactive compounds with enhanced pharmacological and therapeutic activity. In this study, the ruthenium-p-cymene diosmetin complex was synthesized, characterized, and investigated for toxicological profiling through different toxicological and genotoxicological studies which include acute and sub-acute toxicity, chromosomal aberration, and bone marrow micronucleus study. The acute oral toxicity study demonstrated the LD50 dose of the complex at 500 mg/kg body weight which further instigated the sub-acute doses i.e. 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. The histopathological analysis demonstrated that the 400 mg/kg dose was associated with severe toxicological incidences of the vital organs (liver, kidney, pancreas, testis, and stomach) except the ovary with increased levels of ALP, AST, ALT, and WBC count. However, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses did not show any toxicological alteration and maintained the normal levels of hematological and serum biochemical parameters. The genotoxicological assessment of the complex depicted no such genetic damage or mutagenicity in any complex treated groups. In conclusion, the 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg doses were determined as therapeutic dose of the novel ruthenium-p-cymene diosmetin complex without any genotoxic and mutagenic potential which can be further implemented in the investigation of various pharmacological and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhanta Sil
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata-Group of Institution, 124, B.L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata-Group of Institution, 124, B.L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Ishita Seal
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata-Group of Institution, 124, B.L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Swarupananda Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata-Group of Institution, 124, B.L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmacy, NSHM Knowledge Campus Kolkata-Group of Institution, 124, B.L. Saha Road, Tara Park, Behala, 700053, West Bengal, India.
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11
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Lin YE, Lin MH, Yeh TY, Lai YS, Lu KH, Huang HS, Peng FC, Liu SH, Sheen LY. Genotoxicity and 28-day repeated dose oral toxicity study of garlic essential oil in mice. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 12:536-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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12
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Enhanced Effects of Chronic Restraint-Induced Psychological Stress on Total Body Fe-Irradiation-Induced Hematopoietic Toxicity in Trp53-Heterozygous Mice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040565. [PMID: 35455056 PMCID: PMC9025703 DOI: 10.3390/life12040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to both psychological stress (PS) and radiation in some scenarios such as manned deep-space missions. It is of great concern to verify possible enhanced deleterious effects from such concurrent exposure. Pioneer studies showed that chronic restraint-induced PS (CRIPS) could attenuate Trp53 functions and increase gamma-ray-induced carcinogenesis in Trp53-heterozygous mice while CRIPS did not significantly modify the effects on X-ray-induced hematopoietic toxicity in Trp53 wild-type mice. As high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is the most important component of space radiation in causing biological effects, we further investigated the effects of CRIPS on high-LET iron-particle radiation (Fe)-induced hematopoietic toxicity in Trp53-heterozygous mice. The results showed that CRIPS alone could hardly induce significant alteration in hematological parameters (peripheral hemogram and micronucleated erythrocytes in bone marrow) while concurrent exposure caused elevated genotoxicity measured as micronucleus incidence in erythrocytes. Particularly, exposure to either CRISP or Fe-particle radiation at a low dose (0.1 Gy) did not induce a marked increase in the micronucleus incidence; however, concurrent exposure caused a significantly higher increase in the micronucleus incidence. These findings indicated that CRIPS could enhance the deleterious effects of high-LET radiation, particularly at a low dose, on the hematopoietic toxicity in Trp53-heterozygous mice.
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13
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Tsai H, Wang Y, Liao C, Su C, Huang C, Chiu M, Yeh Y. Safety and the probiotic potential of
Bifidobacterium animalis
CP‐9. J Food Sci 2022; 87:2211-2228. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui‐Yun Tsai
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Chin Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Chorng‐An Liao
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Biomed Analysis Center Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Yan Su
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Hsieh Huang
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Ph. D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Min‐Hsi Chiu
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Biomed Analysis Center Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan
| | - Yao‐Tsung Yeh
- Aging and Disease Prevention Research Center Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology Fooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Biomed Analysis Center Fooyin University Hospital Pingtung Taiwan
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14
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Three dimensional and microphysiological bone marrow models detect in vivo positive compounds. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21959. [PMID: 34754012 PMCID: PMC8578414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) assessment is a valuable tool in safety assessment. However, several compounds are positive in the in vivo bone marrow (BM) MN assay but negative in vitro, reflecting that BM complexity is not recapitulated in vitro. Importantly, these compounds are not genotoxic; rather, drug-driven pharmacological-effects on the BM increase MN, however, without mechanistic understanding, in vivo positives stop drug-progression. Thus, physiologically-relevant BM models are required to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo. The current study aimed to investigate the utility of two human 3D BM models (fluidic and static) for MN assessment. MN induction following treatment with etoposide and Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) and prednisolone (negative in vitro, positive in vivo) was determined in 2D L5178Y and human BM cells, and the 3D BM models. Etoposide (0–0.070 µM) and PARPi (0–150 µM) induced MN in both 3D BM models indicating their utility for genotoxicity testing. Interestingly, PARPi treatment induced a MN trend in 3D more comparable to in vivo. Importantly, prednisolone (0–1.7 mM) induced MN in both 3D BM models, suggesting recapitulation of the in vivo microenvironment. These models could provide a valuable tool to follow up, and eventually predict, suspected pharmacological mechanisms, thereby reducing animal studies.
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Masfria M, Marianne M, Permata YM, Octavio S, Mulyani S. Antimutagenic activity of nanoparticles of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaves in mice using micronucleus assay. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:232-235. [PMID: 34345600 PMCID: PMC8300332 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_380_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Cancer may occur due to gene mutation. Rhaphidophora pinnata is a plant that has many benefits, especially in the leaves which have been used traditionally to treat cancer. The aim of this research is to test the antimutagenic activity of nanoparticles R. pinnata using the micronucleus method. The mice were induced with cyclophosphamide and then followed with the administration of nanoparticles of R. pinnata at the doses of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg for 7 days. The antimutagenic activity was evaluated at the decrease in the number of micronucleus in 200 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) cells of mice bone marrow. The result showed that the reduction of amount of micronucleus in PCE of a negative control group, treatment groups, and normal group is 22.65%, 60.3%, 79.6%, 93.8%, and 100%. These results indicate that the antimutagenic activity of nanoparticle of R. pinnata increases proportionally as the doses were increased. It can be concluded that nanoparticles R. pinnata at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg have antimutagenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masfria Masfria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Department of Nanomedicine Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Marianne Marianne
- Department of Nanomedicine Centre, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia.,Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Yade Metri Permata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Steven Octavio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
| | - Sri Mulyani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia
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Park HR, Jung U. Depletion of NK Cells Resistant to Ionizing Radiation Increases Mutations in Mice After Whole-body Irradiation. In Vivo 2021; 35:1507-1513. [PMID: 33910828 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation is a very powerful genetic mutagenic agent. Although immune cells are very sensitive to radiation, their sensitivity varies between different types of immune cell. We hypothesized that radiation-resistant immune cells survive after irradiation and then play a role in removing mutant cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Splenic lymphocytes and mice were irradiated with γ-rays. Cell populations were analyzed using flow cytometry after dyeing with antibodies and expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) was measured by western blot analysis. To deplete natural killer (NK) cells, anti-asialo GM1 antiserum was used. Micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes were measured by May-Grunwald/Giemsa staining. H-2Kb loss variant in T-cells induced by irradiation of B6C3F1 mice were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS When splenic lymphocytes were irradiated in vitro, B cells notably died, while NK cells did not. In vivo, on the third day after whole-body irradiation, the total number of lymphocytes in the spleen decreased rapidly, but the proportion of NK cells was approximately three times higher than that of the normal control group. In addition, it was confirmed that high expression of BCL2 in NK cells was maintained after irradiation, whereas that of B-cells was not. Removal of NK cells by injection with anti-asialo GM1 antiserum immediately after irradiation increased the micronuclei of polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow and the variant fraction with H-2kb loss in the spleen. CONCLUSION These results provide important evidence that radioresistant NK cells apparently survive by escaping apoptosis in the early stages after irradiation, and work to eliminate mutant cells resulting from γ-ray irradiation. Future studies are needed to reveal why NK cells are resistant to radiation and the in-depth mechanisms involved in the elimination of radiation-induced mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Ran Park
- Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea;
| | - Uhee Jung
- Environmental Safety Research Team, Risk and Environmental Safety Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Prednisone is genotoxic in mice and Drosophila melanogaster. Mutat Res 2021; 865:503334. [PMID: 33865545 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prednisone (PD) is one of the most commonly used corticosteroids in immunosuppressive therapy for patients with autoimmune diseases and transplants. Chronic use of corticosteroids is associated with several side effects and an increase in neoplasia. Since genotoxic effects are associated with an increased risk of cancer development, this study evaluated the genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of PD using the SMART/wing assay in Drosophila melanogaster and the micronucleus test and comet assay in mouse bone marrow cells. Further, the toxic effects of PD on mouse organ tissues were assessed using histopathological analyses. In the SMART/wing assay, PD showed a significant genotoxic activity at all concentrations tested (0.375, 0.75, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/mL) compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). The micronucleus test and comet assay also showed an elevated genotoxicity of PD at all treatment conditions (24, 48, and 120 h with doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/kg) compared to the negative control (p < 0.05). The histopathological analyses did not show toxicity of PD in mouse cells and tissues. Therefore, our results demonstrate that PD is a potent genotoxic immunosuppressant in mice and D. melanogaster cells. Somatic recombination was the primary contributor (46%-82%) to the induced genotoxicity observed in the SMART test.
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David R. The promise of toxicogenomics for genetic toxicology: past, present and future. Mutagenesis 2020; 35:153-159. [PMID: 32087008 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicogenomics, the application of genomics to toxicology, was described as 'a new era' for toxicology. Standard toxicity tests typically involve a number of short-term bioassays that are costly, time consuming, require large numbers of animals and generally focus on a single end point. Toxicogenomics was heralded as a way to improve the efficiency of toxicity testing by assessing gene regulation across the genome, allowing rapid classification of compounds based on characteristic expression profiles. Gene expression microarrays could measure and characterise genome-wide gene expression changes in a single study and while transcriptomic profiles that can discriminate between genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens have been identified, challenges with the approach limited its application. As such, toxicogenomics did not transform the field of genetic toxicology in the way it was predicted. More recently, next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionised genomics owing to the fact that hundreds of billions of base pairs can be sequenced simultaneously cheaper and quicker than traditional Sanger methods. In relation to genetic toxicology, and thousands of cancer genomes have been sequenced with single-base substitution mutational signatures identified, and mutation signatures have been identified following treatment of cells with known or suspected environmental carcinogens. RNAseq has been applied to detect transcriptional changes following treatment with genotoxins; modified RNAseq protocols have been developed to identify adducts in the genome and Duplex sequencing is an example of a technique that has recently been developed to accurately detect mutation. Machine learning, including MutationSeq and SomaticSeq, has also been applied to somatic mutation detection and improvements in automation and/or the application of machine learning algorithms may allow high-throughput mutation sequencing in the future. This review will discuss the initial promise of transcriptomics for genetic toxicology, and how the development of NGS technologies and new machine learning algorithms may finally realise that promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon David
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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Mitkovska V, Chassovnikarova T. Chlorpyrifos levels within permitted limits induce nuclear abnormalities and DNA damage in the erythrocytes of the common carp. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:7166-7176. [PMID: 31879882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is defined as a priority pollutant in surface freshwaters according to Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament. The focus of this study was to assess the potential cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of permissible CPF levels on juvenile forms of the common carp. We found that low-level CPF exposure did not induce elevated levels of micronuclei, but significantly increased the frequency of total nuclear abnormalities (NAs) proportional to dose and time; notched, blebbed, lobed and eight-shaped nuclei, nuclear buds, nuclear bridges and binucleated cells were all detected. Decreased frequencies of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) and DNA damage detected by comet assay were also observed, confirming the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of CPF. Altogether, these data (1) demonstrate that CPF is toxic even at permissible levels, possessing considerable genotoxic and cytotoxic potential in peripheral erythrocytes of exposed fish and (2) validate the assessment of NAs, PCEs and comet assay performance as sensitive biomarkers for the early detection of CPF pollution. These findings can be applied to guide environmental risk assessment and biomonitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesela Mitkovska
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tsenka Chassovnikarova
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tzar Asen Street, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Burdo ОО, Lypska АI, Riabchenko NM, Sova OA. Peculiarities of Hematopoiesis in small rodents from the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone on the background of extreme environment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 211:105758. [PMID: 30033147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Radiobiological investigations of natural populations of Myodes glareolus (bank vole) from the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone, namely within a highly radioactive site of the Red Forest were carried out. The complex of hematological and cytogenetic parameters of the bank voles inhabiting the contaminated site was studied before the site was flooded, in 2012, and after it drained, in 2015. A significant increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, alterations in bone marrow and peripheral blood cell counts were observed in the population of 2015 in comparison with the group of 2012 and animals from the reference site. It is supposed that prolonged flooding has affected the features of radionuclide contamination of the experimental site as well as population characteristics and resulted in the increase of the genotoxic effects observed in the renewed population of bank voles exposed to chronic radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Оlena О Burdo
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 47 Nayky prospect, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine.
| | - Аlla I Lypska
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 47 Nayky prospect, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine.
| | - Nataliia M Riabchenko
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 47 Nayky prospect, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine.
| | - Olena A Sova
- Department of Radiobiology and Radioecology, Institute for Nuclear Physics of NAS of Ukraine, 47 Nayky prospect, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine.
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Abstract
The presence of genotoxic agents in the environment may cause chromosomal mutations through different mechanisms, which are associated with serious health effects. Genotoxicity is commonly evaluated for the chemical safety assessment, in which the in vivo micronucleus test is paid more attention in the field of genotoxicity as compared to other toxicological endpoints. This assay is an in vivo cytogenetic test which uses erythrocytes in the bone marrow of rodents to detect chemical damage to the chromosomes or mitotic apparatus of mammalian cells. At the time of erythroblast development into a polychromatic erythrocyte (PCEs) in bone marrow, the main nucleus is extruded, so any micronucleus (MN) that has been formed may remain behind in the otherwise anucleated cytoplasm. The damage in the chromosome appears as a small additional nucleus and is readily identifiable by light microscope. An increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN PCEs) in treated animals is an indication of genotoxicity.
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22
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Tougan T, Suzuki Y, Izuka M, Aono K, Okazaki T, Toya Y, Uchihashi K, Horii T. Application of the automated haematology analyzer XN-30 in an experimental rodent model of malaria. Malar J 2018; 17:165. [PMID: 29661200 PMCID: PMC5902832 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2313-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The erythrocytic stage, where malaria parasites proliferate in human blood, is clinically significant as this causes the symptoms and illness of malaria. Experimental rodent models of malaria at the erythrocytic stage are used for the development of anti-malarial drugs and for biological analysis. An automated haematology analyzer XN-30 was developed for detection of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in human blood samples and measurement of their parasitaemia in approximately 1 min through flow cytometry analysis. Additionally, the analyzer simultaneously measured other haematological parameters in these samples. It is inferred that the analyzer would also allow easy and rapid measurement of parasitaemia in mice and provide important clues on the mouse haematological state during infection and treatment. Results The XN-30 analyzer is a simple and rapid tool to detect iRBCs in mouse blood samples infected with rodent malarial parasites, with three-dimensional analysis permitting the precise measurement of parasitaemia (referred herein as the ‘XN-30 system’). The XN-30 analyzer allowed not only the detection of iRBCs but also the monitoring of RBC, white blood cell, and platelet counts, as well as haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean platelet volume values in the mouse blood sample. For anti-malarial drug development, aside from demonstrating possible efficacy in mouse models, XN-30 analyzer could provide a first glimpse of the safety profile of the drug. Conclusions The XN-30 system is a powerful tool that can be utilized for the in vivo screening, development, and evaluation of anti-malarial drugs as well as for pre-clinical pharmacology and/or toxicity tests in rodent models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2313-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tougan
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuhgi Suzuki
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Munehisa Izuka
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Kei Aono
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okazaki
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Yuji Toya
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Kinya Uchihashi
- Sysmex Corporation, 4-4-4 Takatsukadai Nishiku, Kobe, Hyogo, 651-2271, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Horii
- Department of Molecular Protozoology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Bagri P, Jain SK. Assessment of acetamiprid-induced genotoxic effects in bone marrow cells of Swiss albino male mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:357-363. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1429461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Bagri
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Haryana, India
| | - S. K. Jain
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Haryana, India
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Md Zin SR, Mohamed Z, Alshawsh MA, Wong WF, Kassim NM. Mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica L. aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:375-385. [PMID: 29237294 PMCID: PMC6022925 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217748574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anastatica hierochuntica L. ( A. hierochuntica), a folk medicinal plant, was evaluated for mutagenic potential via in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro assay was conducted according to modified Ames test, while the in vivo study was performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline for mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Four groups ( n= 5 males and 5 females per group) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly chosen as the negative control, positive control (received a single intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg), 1000 and, 2000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts. All groups except the positive control were treated orally for three days. Findings of the in vitro assay showed mutagenic potential of AHAE at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/ml. However, no mutagenic effect was demonstrated in the in vivo study up to 2000 mg/kg. No significant reduction in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio was noted in any of the groups. Meanwhile, high micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated group only. These findings could perhaps be due to insufficient dosage of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts to cause genetic damage on the bone marrow target cells. Further acute and chronic in vivo toxicity studies may be required to draw pertinent conclusion on the safety aspect of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts consumption. Impact statement In this paper, we report on the mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract. This is a significant research in view of the popularity of this herb consumption by the people across the globe despite of limited scientific evidence on its toxicity potential. This study is intended to encourage more extensive related research in order to provide sufficient evidence and guidance for determining its safe dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Rosmani Md Zin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed A Alshawsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Won F Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Normadiah M Kassim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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25
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Badgujar PC, Selkar NA, Chandratre GA, Pawar NN, Dighe VD, Bhagat ST, Telang AG, Vanage GR. Fipronil-induced genotoxicity and DNA damage in vivo: Protective effect of vitamin E. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:508-519. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116655388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fipronil, an insecticide of the phenylpyrazole class has been classified as a carcinogen by United States Environmental Protection Agency, yet very limited information is available about its genotoxic effects. Adult male and female animals were gavaged with various doses of fipronil (2.5, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg body weight (bw)) to evaluate micronucleus test (mice), chromosome aberration (CA), and comet assay (rats), respectively. Cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg bw; intraperitoneal) was used as positive control. Another group of animals were pretreated with vitamin E orally (400 mg/kg bw) for 5 days prior to administration of fipronil (12.5 mg/kg). Fipronil exposure in both male and female mice caused significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in polychromatic erythrocytes. Similarly, structural CAs in bone marrow cells and DNA damage in the lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher in the male and female rats exposed to fipronil as compared to their respective controls. The average degree of protection (male and female animals combined together) shown by pretreatment of vitamin E against fipronil-induced genotoxicity was 63.28%: CAs; 47.91%: MN formation; and 74.70%: DNA damage. Findings of this study demonstrate genotoxic nature of fipronil regardless of gender effect and documents protective role of vitamin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- PC Badgujar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, India
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Toxicology Section, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, Haryana, India
| | - NA Selkar
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, India
| | - GA Chandratre
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - NN Pawar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - VD Dighe
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, India
| | - ST Bhagat
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, India
| | - AG Telang
- Toxicology Laboratory, Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, India
| | - GR Vanage
- National Centre for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR-NIRRH), Mumbai, India
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26
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Celik A, Cömelekoğlu U, Yalin S. A study on the investigation of cadmium chloride genotoxicity in rat bone marrow using micronucleus test and chromosome aberration analysis. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 21:243-8. [PMID: 16463956 DOI: 10.1191/0748233705th237oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of cadmium chloride (CdCl2)in Wistar rat tibia bone marrow cells, using the structural chromosomal aberration (SCA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems. CdCl2 was administered to adult female rats as repeated i.p. doses of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. for 18 week (four months) at 48 h intervals. Mitomycin C (MMC) was used as a positive control (2 mg/kg b.w.). This study shows that cadmium chloride treatment significantly induced the frequency of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocytes in tibia bone marrow. This increase in micronucleus frequency shows that cadmium has a genotoxic effect on bone marrow at this level. Also, in order to determine cytotoxicity in bone marrow, the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes was calculated in bone marrow. The results of this study indicate that CdCl2 decreased this ratio. The decrease of this ratio in bone marrow shows CdCl2 may lead to cytotoxicity. We have reported that 0.5 mg/kg-level chronic exposure to cadmium (Cd) has an injurious effect on bone marrow. Our findings indicate that CdCl2 has a cytotoxic and genotoxic effect on rat bone marrow at chronic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Celik
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Mersin University, Turkey.
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27
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Ezzi L, Belhadj Salah I, Haouas Z, Sakly A, Grissa I, Chakroun S, Kerkeni E, Hassine M, Mehdi M, Ben Cheikh H. Histopathological and genotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:4859-4867. [PMID: 26545888 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5722-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of chlorpyrifos's sub-acute exposure on male rats. Two groups with six animals each were orally treated, respectively, with 3.1 mg/kg b w and 6.2 mg/kg b w of chlorpyrifos during 4 weeks. The genotoxic effect of chlopyrifos was investigated using the comet assay and the micronucleus test. Some hematological and liver's histopathological changes were also evaluated. Results revealed that chlorpyrifos induced histopathological alterations in liver parenchyma. The lymphoid infiltration observed in liver sections and the increase in white blood cells parameter are signs of inflammation. A significant increase in the platelet' count and in polychromatic erythrocytes/normochromatic erythrocytes (PCE/NCE) ratio was observed in chlorpyrifos-treated groups which could be due to the stimulatory effect of chlorpyrifos on cell formation in the bone marrow at lower doses. In addition, the increase of bone marrow micronucleus percentage and the comet tail length revealed a genotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna Ezzi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia.
| | - Imen Belhadj Salah
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Zohra Haouas
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Amina Sakly
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Intissar Grissa
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Sana Chakroun
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Emna Kerkeni
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Mohsen Hassine
- Laboratory of Hematology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Meriem Mehdi
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Hassen Ben Cheikh
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetic (Research Unit of Genetic, Genotoxicity and Childhood Illness UR12ES10), Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Street Avicenne, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
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Mitigating effect of Indian propolis against mitomycin C induced bone marrow toxicity. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1789-800. [PMID: 26590833 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A major drawback with cancer chemotherapy is its severe toxic effects on non-target tissues. Assessment of natural products for their protective effect against anticancer drugs-induced toxicity is gaining importance in cancer biology. The present study was aimed at assessing the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of Indian propolis (HEIP) against mitomycin C (MMC)-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Swiss albino mice were injected with various doses of HEIP (100, 200, 300, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg b. wt., i.p) 1 h prior to MMC (8 mg/kg, i.p.) injection. The geno- and cyto-toxicities were evaluated in mice by performing bone marrow micronucleus and TUNEL assays. In vitro antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory assays were carried out to understand the mechanism of the protective effects. The significant increase in the frequency of micronculeated cells (12.51 ± 0.48), apoptotic cells (23.43 ± 1.86) and reduction in P/N ratio (0.69 ± 0.04) compared with control indicated the potential geno- and cytotoxic effects of MMC in bone marrow. Pretreatment with HEIP resulted in the significant recovery of the toxic effects induced by MMC. HEIP at 400 mg/kg b. wt. was found to be the optimum dose imparting the maximum protective effects. The in vitro antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory assays suggest that the extract possesses substantial free radical scavenging activities. In conclusion, HEIP possesses substantial geno- and cyto-protective properties against MMC, which could be mediated through efficient free radical scavenging and inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.
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Kumar P, Lakshmi YS, C. B, Golla K, Kondapi AK. Improved Safety, Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Zidovudine through Lactoferrin Nanoparticles during Oral Administration in Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140399. [PMID: 26461917 PMCID: PMC4604150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zidovudine (AZT) is one of the most referred antiretroviral drug. In spite of its higher bioavailability (50–75%) the most important reason of its cessation are bone marrow suppression, anemia, neutropenia and various organs related toxicities. This study aims at the improvement of oral delivery of AZT through its encapsulation in lactoferrin nanoparticles (AZT-lactonano). The nanoparticles (NPs) are of 50–60 nm in size and exhibit 67% encapsulation of the AZT. They are stable in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Anti-HIV-1 activity of AZT remains unaltered in nanoformulation in acute infection. The bioavailability and tissue distribution of AZT is higher in blood followed by liver and kidney. AZT-lactonano causes the improvement of pharmacokinetic profile as compared to soluble AZT; a more than 4 fold increase in AUC and AUMC in male and female rats. The serum Cmax for AZT-lactonano was increased by 30%. Similarly there was nearly 2-fold increase in Tmax and t1/2. Our in vitro study confirms that, the endosomal pH is ideal for drug release from NPs and shows constant release from up to 96h. Bone marrow micronucleus assay show that nanoformulation exhibits approximately 2fold lower toxicity than soluble form. Histopathological and biochemical analysis further confirms that less or no significant organ toxicities when nanoparticles were used. AZT-lactonano has shown its higher efficacy, low organs related toxicities, improved pharmacokinetics parameter while keeping the antiviral activity intact. Thus, the nanoformulation are safe for the target specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Yeruva Samrajya Lakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Bhaskar C.
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Kishore Golla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Anand K. Kondapi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
- * E-mail:
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30
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Wang B, Tanaka K, Katsube T, Ninomiya Y, Vares G, Liu Q, Morita A, Nakajima T, Nenoi M. Chronic restraint-induced stress has little modifying effect on radiation hematopoietic toxicity in mice. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:760-7. [PMID: 26045492 PMCID: PMC4576999 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Both radiation and stresses cause detrimental effects on humans. Besides possible health effects resulting directly from radiation exposure, the nuclear plant accident is a cause of social psychological stresses. A recent study showed that chronic restraint-induced stresses (CRIS) attenuated Trp53 functions and increased carcinogenesis susceptibility of Trp53-heterozygous mice to total-body X-irradiation (TBXI), having a big impact on the academic world and a sensational effect on the public, especially the residents living in radioactively contaminated areas. It is important to investigate the possible modification effects from CRIS on radiation-induced health consequences in Trp53 wild-type (Trp53wt) animals. Prior to a carcinogenesis study, effects of TBXI on the hematopoietic system under CRIS were investigated in terms of hematological abnormality in the peripheral blood and residual damage in the bone marrow erythrocytes using a mouse restraint model. Five-week-old male Trp53wt C57BL/6J mice were restrained 6 h per day for 28 consecutive days, and TBXI (4 Gy) was given on the 8th day. Results showed that CRIS alone induced a marked decrease in the red blood cell (RBC) and the white blood cell (WBC) count, while TBXI caused significantly lower counts of RBCs, WBCs and blood platelets, and a lower concentration of hemoglobin regardless of CRIS. CRIS alone did not show any significant effect on erythrocyte proliferation and on induction of micronucleated erythrocytes, whereas TBXI markedly inhibited erythrocyte proliferation and induced a significant increase in the incidences of micronucleated erythrocytes, regardless of CRIS. These findings suggest that CRIS does not have a significant impact on radiation-induced detrimental effects on the hematopoietic system in Trp53wt mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Wang
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kaoru Tanaka
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Katsube
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ninomiya
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Guillaume Vares
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, PR China
| | - Akinori Morita
- Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nakajima
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Nenoi
- Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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do Amaral VLL, Frajbat M, Petreanu M, Zermiani T, de Freitas RA, Maistro EL, Niero R, Bresolin TMB, Filho VC, de Andrade SF. Reproductive toxicology and clastogenic evaluation in mice of a phytotherapeutic formulation obtained from Cinchona calisaya Weddel (Rubiaceae) used in Brazilian folk medicine as female fertility stimulant. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:1508-1512. [PMID: 25068580 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Brazil, a phytotherapeutic preparation produced from a standardized tincture of Cinchona calisaya Weddel such that each mL of product contains 400µg of quinine, known in Portuguese as Água Inglesa(®) (English water), is indicated by the manufacturer as a tonic, appetite stimulant, and digestive. However, this preparation has long been used in folk medicine as a female fertility stimulant. Despite its widespread use in folk medicine to stimulate female fertility, no study has been undertaken to assess the potential teratogenic and genotoxic effects of this phytotherapeutic preparation. The aim of the present study was to investigate possible toxic reproductive effects in mice caused by exposure to Água Inglesa(®), either before mating or during the pre- and post-embryo implantation periods. The genotoxic potential was evaluated using the micronucleus assay. MATERIAL, METHODS, AND RESULTS Virgin female mice, with at least one estrous cycle evidenced by vaginal cytology, were divided into five groups of 15 individuals each (Group I - control, Group II - treated with ethanol solution at 16%, Groups III, IV and V treated with phytotherapeutic preparation at 1.5mL/kg/day, 3.0mL/kg/day and 4.5mL/kg/day, respectively). After the first 28 days of treatment, females were caged individually with adult fertile males. Pregnant females continued to receive treatment for seven days (preimplantation period). Body weight was recorded weekly during treatment. Signs of toxicity (weight loss, food intake, piloerection, apathy, prostration, diarrhea, seizures, behavioral changes, and locomotion) were also observed. The females were sacrificed on the 15th day of pregnancy, uterine horns were evaluated for implantation, and the placental index was recorded. In the micronucleus test, 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) per animal, obtained from bone marrow, were scored. Results The results showed that exposure of the females during the pre- and post-implantation periods did not significantly alter the reproductive capacity (p<0.05); however, in higher dose (three times human dose)reduction of fetal weight was observed . There was no difference between the control and phytotherapeutic preparation (p>0.05) in terms of the average number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS Although folk medicine suggests that the Água Inglesa(®) preparation is useful as a female fertility stimulant, no such effect was confirmed in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lucia Langaro do Amaral
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcel Frajbat
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcel Petreanu
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tailyn Zermiani
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Luis Maistro
- Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP - Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, Departamento de Fonoaudiologia, Marília, SP, Brazil
| | - Rivaldo Niero
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tania Mari Bellé Bresolin
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Faloni de Andrade
- Programa de Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), Universidade do Vale do Itajaí - UNIVALI, Rua Uruguai, 458, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Diet-induced obesity modulates epigenetic responses to ionizing radiation in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106277. [PMID: 25171162 PMCID: PMC4149562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both exposure to ionizing radiation and obesity have been associated with various pathologies including cancer. There is a crucial need in better understanding the interactions between ionizing radiation effects (especially at low doses) and other risk factors, such as obesity. In order to evaluate radiation responses in obese animals, C3H and C57BL/6J mice fed a control normal fat or a high fat (HF) diet were exposed to fractionated doses of X-rays (0.75 Gy ×4). Bone marrow micronucleus assays did not suggest a modulation of radiation-induced genotoxicity by HF diet. Using MSP, we observed that the promoters of p16 and Dapk genes were methylated in the livers of C57BL/6J mice fed a HF diet (irradiated and non-irradiated); Mgmt promoter was methylated in irradiated and/or HF diet-fed mice. In addition, methylation PCR arrays identified Ep300 and Socs1 (whose promoters exhibited higher methylation levels in non-irradiated HF diet-fed mice) as potential targets for further studies. We then compared microRNA regulations after radiation exposure in the livers of C57BL/6J mice fed a normal or an HF diet, using microRNA arrays. Interestingly, radiation-triggered microRNA regulations observed in normal mice were not observed in obese mice. miR-466e was upregulated in non-irradiated obese mice. In vitro free fatty acid (palmitic acid, oleic acid) administration sensitized AML12 mouse liver cells to ionizing radiation, but the inhibition of miR-466e counteracted this radio-sensitization, suggesting that the modulation of radiation responses by diet-induced obesity might involve miR-466e expression. All together, our results suggested the existence of dietary effects on radiation responses (especially epigenetic regulations) in mice, possibly in relationship with obesity-induced chronic oxidative stress.
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D'Souza SP, Vijayalaxmi K, Naik P. Assessment of genotoxicity of aluminium acetate in bone marrow, male germ cells and fetal liver cells of Swiss albino mice. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 766:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Molloy J, Foster JR, Thomas H, O'Donovan MR, Tweats D, Doherty AT. Does bleeding induce micronuclei via erythropoietin in Han-Wistar rats? Toxicol Res (Camb) 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tx50108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Atlı Şekeroğlu Z, Akar A, Şekeroğlu V. Evaluation of the cytogenotoxic damage in immature and mature rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Int J Radiat Biol 2013; 89:985-92. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2013.809170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Das Roy L, Giri S, Singh S, Giri A. Effects of radiation and vitamin C treatment on metronidazole genotoxicity in mice. Mutat Res 2013; 753:65-71. [PMID: 23416157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The impact of exposure to low dose radiation (LDR) on human health is not clear. Besides, cross adaptation or sensitization with pharmaceutical agents may modify the risk of LDR. In the present study, we analyzed the interaction of radiation and metronidazole (MTZ) in inducing chromosome aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) in the bone marrow cells of Balb/C mice in vivo. Further, we evaluated the efficacy of vitamin C to reduce MTZ induced genotoxicity. We found that 10, 20 and 40mg/kg of MTZ induced dose dependent increase in the frequency of CA (r=0.9923, P<0.01) as well as MN (r=0.9823, P<0.05) in polychromatic erythrocytes. However, MTZ did not affect the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes indicating lack of cytotoxicity. Supplementation with vitamin C prior to MTZ treatment significantly reduced the frequency of CA (P<0.001) as well as MN (P<0.001). Radiation (0.5Gy) exposure prior to MTZ treatment produced a less than additive (for CA) to additive (for MN) effects. However, radiation exposure following MTZ treatment produced additive (for CA) and synergistic (for MN) effects. Further, vitamin C pre-treatment also reduced the genotoxicity indices following the combined treatment of MTZ and radiation. Our findings suggest that MTZ may sensitize bone marrow cells to radiation exposure and enhances genotoxicity. We recommend more studies on the interaction of LDR and marketed pharmaceuticals to minimize possible harmful outcomes through appropriate precautionary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Das Roy
- Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
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Karuna R, Rao BS. Lack of micronuclei induction by fumonisin B1 mycotoxin in BALB/c mice. Mycotoxin Res 2012; 29:9-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-012-0149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Vicari T, Ferraro MVM, Ramsdorf WA, Mela M, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, Cestari MM. Genotoxic evaluation of different doses of methylmercury (CH₃Hg⁺) in Hoplias malabaricus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 82:47-55. [PMID: 22682032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The survey of the effects of toxic metals and its organic compounds are of critical importance because these compounds tend to accumulate in aquatic environments. In the present work, the genotoxic potential of methylmercury, an organomercurial compound with high toxicity and present in large amounts in fish of the Amazon due to the mining process, was evaluated using the piscine micronucleus test and comet assay in fish. Specimens of Hoplias malabaricus (popularly known as traira), a neotropical specie, was exposed to methylmercury via food web, over 70 days, in two different concentrations: two groups of fifteen fish were tested with 0.075 μg CH(3)Hg(+)/g and 0.75 μg CH(3)Hg(+)/g of methylmercury per gram of fish, at 5-day intervals and over 14 successive intervals whereas control group, composed by nine fish, was fed by uncontaminated prey fish (Astyanax sp). One of the aims of this study was to reproduce the contamination found in nature in an attempt to increase our biological knowledge on the neotropical species. Hoplias malabaricus specimens were then anesthetized for removal of blood samples and dissected, for cephalic kidney removal. As a result, it was observed that the piscine micronucleus test showed no significant differences between exposed groups and control group. The comet assay performed on erythrocyte system cells, showed a significant difference between controls and contaminated, but there was no difference between doses. In contrast, the kidney cells comet assay showed no significant difference between groups, probably due to the type of damage caused by xenobiotics to be related to the tissues of most contact with it, as well as its mode of action and the chain of bioaccumulation within bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taynah Vicari
- Departamento de Genética, Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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Sekeroğlu V, Akar A, Sekeroğlu ZA. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (GSM 1800 MHz) on immature and mature rats. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 80:140-144. [PMID: 22405939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the cytogenotoxic effects of high frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF) for 45 day and the effect of a recovery period of 15 day after exposure to EMF on bone marrow cells of immature and mature rats. The animals in treatment groups were exposed to 1800 MHz EMF at SAR of 0.37 W/kg and 0.49 W/kg for 2h/day for 45 day. Two recovery groups were kept for a recovery period of 15 day without EMF after exposure to HF-EMF. Two control groups for both immature and mature rats were also included. Significant differences were also observed in chromosome aberrations (CA), micronucleus (MN) frequency, mitotic index (MI) and ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) in all treatment groups. The cytogenotoxic damage was more remarkable in immature rats and, the recovery period did not improve this damage in immature rats. Because much higher and irreversible cytogenotoxic damage was observed in immature rats than in mature rats, further studies are needed to understand effects of EMF on DNA damage and DNA repair, and to determine safe limits for environment and human, especially for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedat Sekeroğlu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ordu University, 52200 Ordu, Turkey.
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Abstract
Chromosome aberration assays are employed to detect the induction of chromosome breakage (clastogenesis) in somatic and germ cells by direct observation of the chromosomal damage during metaphase analysis, or by indirect observation of chromosomal fragments. Thus, various types of cytogenetic change can be detected such as structural chromosome aberrations (CA), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), ploidy changes, and micronuclei. Following the induction of the chromosomal damage, most of the aberrations and abnormalities detected by these assays can be detrimental or even lethal to the cell. Their presence, however, indicates a potential to also induce more subtle and therefore transmissible chromosomal damage which survives cell division to produce heritable cytogenetic changes. Usually, induced cytogenetic damage is accompanied by other genotoxic damage such as gene mutations.
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41
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Induction of micronuclei and nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes of mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis) following exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 726:104-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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42
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Jerbi MA, Ouanes Z, Besbes R, Achour L, Kacem A. Single and combined genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of two xenobiotics widely used in intensive aquaculture. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 724:22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 01/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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43
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Improvement of in vivo genotoxicity assessment: Combination of acute tests and integration into standard toxicity testing. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 723:108-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Li M, Zhu Q, Hu C, Giesy JP, Kong Z, Cui Y. Protective effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on genotoxicity and oxidative stress of cyclophosphamide in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2011; 26:217-223. [PMID: 20052769 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this article is to elucidate the mechanism by which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) acts against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced effects. The prevalence of micronuclei, the extent of lipid peroxidation, and the status of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in both liver and serum of mice were used as intermediate biomarkers of chemoprotection. Lipid peroxidation and associated compromised antioxidant defenses (CAT and GPX) in CP treated mice were observed in the liver, serum, and were accompanied by increased prevalence of micronuclei in bone marrow. The number of MN was significantly different (p < 0.01) between the groups treated with CP (group III, IV, V, VI) and the solvent control (group II) (3.2 ± 0.7‰). There was a dose-dependent reduction in formation CP induced micronuclei by treatment with 100, 200, or 300 mg EPA/kg BW mice. Activities of SOD, CAT, and extent of lipid peroxidation were statistically different in liver cells of mice exposed to EPA only with CP compared with the CP group (group III). The present findings imply that EPA may be a potential antigenotoxic, antioxidant and chemopreventive agent and could be used as an adjuvant in chemotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
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Takagi R, Suzuki Y, Seki Y, Ikehata M, Kajihara C, Shimizu H, Yanagisawa H. Indium Chloride‐induced Micronuclei in In Vivo and In Vitro Experimental Systems. J Occup Health 2011; 53:102-9. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.l9142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takagi
- Department of Public Health and Environmental MedicineJikei University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Public Health and Environmental MedicineJikei University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Yoshiko Seki
- Department of Public Health and Environmental MedicineJikei University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Masateru Ikehata
- Department of Public Health and Environmental MedicineJikei University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Chieko Kajihara
- Department of Public Health and Environmental MedicineJikei University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Hidesuke Shimizu
- Department of Public Health and Environmental MedicineJikei University School of MedicineJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Yanagisawa
- Department of Public Health and Environmental MedicineJikei University School of MedicineJapan
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Pículo F, Guiraldeli Macedo C, de Andrade SF, Luis Maistro E. In vivo genotoxicity assessment of nerolidol. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 31:633-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maistro E, Mota S, Lima E, Bernardes B, Goulart F. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of Rosmarinus officinalis (Labiatae) essential oil in mammalian cells in vivo. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:2113-22. [DOI: 10.4238/vol9-4gmr857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Suzuki Y, Takagi R, Kawasaki I, Matsudaira T, Yanagisawa H, Shimizu H. The micronucleus test and erythropoiesis: effects of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) on micronucleus formation. Mutat Res 2008; 655:47-51. [PMID: 18621143 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2007] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of the rodent bone marrow micronucleus test in relation to erythropoiesis. We have previously reported that an acceleration of erythropoiesis increases the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MPCE) induced by mutagens. The blood plasma erythropoietin level increased after the injection of N6-2-O-dibutyladenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate into adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) at a dose of 500 mg/kg. A peak of erythropoietin induction was observed 3 h after the injection of cAMP. cAMP itself did not induce any micronuclei in erythroblasts of BALB/c mice. So, the frequency of MPCE did not increase after injection of cAMP. The highest frequency of MPCE and the dose-response relationship between the cAMP doses and micronucleus frequency were observed 30 h after injection of mitomycin C (MMC) in mice which had been administered cAMP 24 h previously. The highest effect of cAMP on the increase of MPCE was observed when cAMP was given 24 h before MMC injection, thus indicating that accelerating the multiplication of erythroblasts increases the frequency of MPCE induced by mutagens. The induction of MPCE in the bone marrow by three other chemicals (carboquone, 5-fluorouracil, and vincristine) also increased after pretreatment with cAMP. Our results suggest that the increase of MPCE induced by mutagens can be amplified following the acceleration of erythropoiesis by pretreatment with cAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Public Health and Environmental Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishishinbashi Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan.
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Vikram A, Tripathi D, Pawar A, Ramarao P, Jena G. Pre-bled-young-rats in genotoxicity testing: A model for peripheral blood micronucleus assay. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2008; 52:147-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Guzmán A, García C, Marín AP, Tortajada A, Ruiz MT, Fernández de Henestrosa AR, Marcos R. Formation of micronucleated erythrocytes in mouse bone-marrow under conditions of hypothermia is not associated with stimulation of erythropoiesis. Mutat Res 2008; 656:8-13. [PMID: 18718553 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Conditions of marked and long-lasting hypothermia have been shown to increase the formation of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte (MNPCE) in mouse bone-marrow. Stimulation of erythropoiesis as a consequence of anoxic conditions associated with decreased body temperature has been suggested as a possible mechanism for hypothermia-induced micronucleus formation. We examined whether chemically induced hypothermic conditions that produced increased MNPCE formation were associated with stimulation of erythropoiesis by measuring erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations in blood. Marked and long-lasting hypothermia was induced in male mice by oral administration of the antipsychotic compounds E-5842 (200 mg/kg) or chlorpromazine (100 mg/kg). Maximum decreases from the basal temperature, achieved 8 h after treatment, were 14.8 and 12.8 degrees C, respectively. A statistically significant increase in bone-marrow MNPCE frequency was observed 48 h after administration of E-5842 (p<0.01) or chlorpromazine (p<0.05). Mice made anaemic by retro-orbital bleeding (0.5 ml), which acted as positive control for stimulation of erythropoiesis, showed no relevant variation in mean rectal temperature and a slight non-statistically significant increase in MNPCE frequency after 48 h. Blood samples for determination of EPO levels were obtained 4 (bleed-control animals only), 8, 16 and 24 h after treatment. In spite of the induced hypothermia, no significant variation in EPO blood levels was observed after administration of E-5842 or chlorpromazine. Bleed-induced anaemic mice showed a clear increase in EPO blood levels at all sampled time points, differences from baseline values being statistically significant (p<0.001) at the 8-h samplings and beyond. These results indicate that induction of MNPCE secondary to chemically induced hypothermia is not mediated by stimulation of erythropoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Guzmán
- Toxicology Department, ESTEVE, Mare de Déu de Montserrat 221, 08041 Barcelona, Spain.
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