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Novel cis-Pt(II) Complexes with Alkylpyrazole Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization, and Unusual Mode of Anticancer Action. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2022; 2022:1717200. [PMID: 35281329 PMCID: PMC8906972 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1717200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One concept of improving anticancer effects of conventional platinum-based antitumor drugs consists of conjugating these compounds with other biologically (antitumor) active agents, acting by a different mechanism. Here, we present synthesis, physicochemical characterization, biological effects, and mechanisms of action of four new analogs of conventional cisplatin, namely, cis-Pt(II) complexes containing either methyl or ethyl pyrazole N-donor ligands and chlorido or iodido ligands. It is noteworthy that while chlorido complexes display activity in a variety of cancer cell lines comparable to cisplatin, iodido complexes are considerably more potent due to their enhanced hydrophobicity and consequently enhanced cellular accumulation. Moreover, all of the studied Pt(II) alkylpyrazole complexes display a higher selectivity for tumor cells and effectively overcome the acquired resistance to cisplatin. Further results focused on the mechanism of action of the studied complexes and showed that in contrast to cisplatin and several platinum-based antitumor drugs, DNA damage by the investigated Pt(II)-alkylpyrazole complexes does not play a major role in their mechanism of action. Our findings demonstrate that inhibition of the tubulin kinesin Eg5, which is essential for forming a functional mitotic spindle, plays an important role in their mechanism of antiproliferative action.
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2
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Lo ATS, Chen JK, Murray V, Todd MH, Hambley TW. Platinum binding preferences dominate the binding of novel polyamide amidine anthraquinone platinum(II) complexes to DNA. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17945-17952. [PMID: 34842878 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03539h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Complexes incorporating a threading anthraquinone intercalator with pyrrole lexitropsin and platinum(II) moieties attached were developed with the goal of generating novel DNA binding modes, including the targeting of AT-rich regions in order to have high cytotoxicities. The binding of the complexes to DNA has been investigated and profiles surprisingly similar to that for cisplatin were observed; the profiles were different to those for a complex lacking the pyrrole lexitropsin component. The lack of selective binding to AT-rich regions suggests the platinum binding was dominating the sequence selectivity, and is consistent with the pyrrole lexitropsin slowing intercalation. The DNA unwinding profiles following platinum binding were evaluated by gel electrophoresis and suggested that intercalation and platinum binding were both occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T S Lo
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jon K Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vincent Murray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Matthew H Todd
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia. .,UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Trevor W Hambley
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, NSW, Australia.
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3
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Kava HW, Leung WY, Galea AM, Murray V. The DNA binding properties of 9-aminoacridine carboxamide Pt complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 40:116191. [PMID: 33965841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin analogues with an attached DNA-binding moiety represent a potentially effective class of DNA-damaging anti-tumour agents because they possess higher affinities for DNA and different DNA damage profiles compared with cisplatin. In this study, the interaction of four 9-aminoacridine carboxamide Pt complexes with purified DNA was investigated: firstly, using a fluorescent intercalator displacement (FID) assay with ethidium bromide; and secondly, with a DNA unwinding assay. The relative capacity of these compounds to perturb the fluorescence induced by DNA-bound ethidium bromide at clinically relevant drug concentrations was assessed over a 24-h period using an FID assay. All analogues were found to reduce the level of ethidium bromide-induced fluorescence in a concentration-dependent manner from the earliest time point of 10 min onwards. Cisplatin, however, showed a markedly slower reduction in ethidium bromide-induced fluorescence from 2 h onwards, producing a similar level of fluorescence reduction as that produced by the analogues from 6 h onwards. These results suggest that the altered DNA-binding modes of the DNA-targeted analogues confer a more efficient mechanism for DNA binding compared with cisplatin. Relative DNA binding coefficients were also determined for each of the compounds studied. With the DNA unwinding assay, an unwinding angle can be calculated from the coalescence point of plasmids in an agarose gel. It was found that all 9-aminoacridine carboxamide analogues had a greater unwinding angle compared with cisplatin. The knowledge obtained from these two assays has helped to further characterise the cisplatin analogues and could facilitate the development of more effective anti-tumour agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieronimus W Kava
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Wai Y Leung
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Anne M Galea
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Vincent Murray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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4
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Sharma V, Gupta M, Kumar P, Sharma A. A Comprehensive Review on Fused Heterocyclic as DNA Intercalators: Promising Anticancer Agents. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:15-42. [PMID: 33213325 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666201118113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of DNA intercalating agents (by Lerman, 1961), a growing number of organic, inorganic, and metallic compounds have been developed to treat life-threatening microbial infections and cancers. Fused-heterocycles are amongst the most important group of compounds that have the ability to interact with DNA. DNA intercalators possess a planar aromatic ring structure that inserts itself between the base pairs of nucleic acids. Once inserted, the aromatic structure makes van der Waals interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the base pairs. The DNA intercalator may also contain an ionizable group that can form ionic interactions with the negatively charged phosphate backbone. After the intercalation, other cellular processes could take place, leading ultimately to cell death. The heterocyclic nucleus present in the DNA intercalators can be considered as a pharmacophore that plays an instrumental role in dictating the affinity and selectivity exhibited by these compounds. In this work, we have carried out a revision of small organic molecules that bind to the DNA molecule via intercalation and cleaving and exert their antitumor activity. A general overview of the most recent results in this area, paying particular attention to compounds that are currently under clinical trials, is provided. Advancement in spectroscopic techniques studying DNA interaction can be examined in-depth, yielding important information on structure-activity relationships. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the introduction to fused heterocyclic agents with DNA interacting features, from medicinal point of view. The structure-activity relationships points, cytotoxicity data, and binding data and future perspectives of medicinal compounds have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- IIMT College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh-201308, India
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Robertson Life Sciences Building, 2730 South Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, United States
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
| | - Atul Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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5
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Štarha P, Vančo J, Trávníček Z. Platinum iodido complexes: A comprehensive overview of anticancer activity and mechanisms of action. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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6
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Structurally Simple Phenanthridine Analogues Based on Nitidine and Their Antitumor Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030437. [PMID: 30691109 PMCID: PMC6385102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel structurally simple analogues based on nitidine was designed and synthesized in search of potent anticancer agents. The antitumor activity against human cancer cell lines (HepG2, A549, NCI-H460, and CNE1) was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in vitro. The results showed that some of them had good anticancer activities, especially derivatives with a [(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino side chain in the C-6 position. Planar conjugated compounds 15a, 15b, and 15c, with IC50 values of 1.20 μM, 1.87 μM, and 1.19 μM against CNE1 cells, respectively, were more active than nitidine chloride. Compound 15b and compound 15c with IC50 values of 1.19 μM and 1.37 μM against HepG2 cells and A549 cells demonstrated superior activities to nitidine. Besides, compound 5e which had a phenanthridinone core displayed extraordinary cytotoxicity against all test cells, particularly against CNE1 cells with the IC50 value of 1.13 μM.
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7
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Bai L, Gao C, Cai L, Liu Q, Qian Y, Yang B. Synthesis and in vitro cytotoxicity of novel dinuclear platinum(II) complexes containing a chiral tetradentate ligand. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1398822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linkui Bai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chuanzhu Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Linxiang Cai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yunxu Qian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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8
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Brabec V, Hrabina O, Kasparkova J. Cytotoxic platinum coordination compounds. DNA binding agents. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Bai L, Gao C, Liu Q, Yu C, Zhang Z, Cai L, Yang B, Qian Y, Yang J, Liao X. Research progress in modern structure of platinum complexes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 140:349-382. [PMID: 28985575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the antitumor activity of cisplatin was discovered in 1967 by Rosenberg, platinum-based anticancer drugs have played an important role in chemotherapy in clinic. Nevertheless, platinum anticancer drugs also have caused severe side effects and cross drug resistance which limited their applications. Therefore, a significant amount of efforts have been devoted to developing new platinum-based anticancer agents with equal or higher antitumor activity but lower toxicity. Until now, a large number of platinum-based complexes have been prepared and extensively investigated in vitro and in vivo. Among them, some platinum-based complexes revealing excellent anticancer activity showed the potential to be developed as novel type of anticancer agents. In this account, we present such platinum-based anticancer complexes which owning various types of ligands, such as, amine carrier ligands, leaving groups, reactive molecule, steric hindrance groups, non-covalently binding platinum (II) complexes, Platinum(IV) complexes and polynuclear platinum complexes. Overall, platinum-based anticancer complexes reported recently years upon modern structure are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linkui Bai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chuanzhu Gao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Congtao Yu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhuxin Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Linxiang Cai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yunxu Qian
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiali Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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10
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Loganathan RK, Ramachandra SN, Shekharappa, Sureshbabu VV. Montmorillonite K-10-Supported Palladium Nanoparticles for Copper-Free Acyl Sonogashira Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roopesh K. Loganathan
- #109, Peptide Research Laboratory; Department of Studies in Chemistry; Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Dr. B. R. AmbedkarVeedhi; Bangalore 560001 India
| | - Sagar N. Ramachandra
- #109, Peptide Research Laboratory; Department of Studies in Chemistry; Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Dr. B. R. AmbedkarVeedhi; Bangalore 560001 India
| | - Shekharappa
- #109, Peptide Research Laboratory; Department of Studies in Chemistry; Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Dr. B. R. AmbedkarVeedhi; Bangalore 560001 India
| | - Vommina V. Sureshbabu
- #109, Peptide Research Laboratory; Department of Studies in Chemistry; Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Dr. B. R. AmbedkarVeedhi; Bangalore 560001 India
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11
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Wekesa IM, Jaganyi D. The deleterious effect of pyrollic-nitrogen on the substitution reactivity of tridentate N^C^N platinum(II) complexes. A kinetic and mechanistic study. J COORD CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2015.1125892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Masika Wekesa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Deogratius Jaganyi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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12
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Jameel E, Umar T, Kumar J, Hoda N. Coumarin: A Privileged Scaffold for the Design and Development of Antineurodegenerative Agents. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 87:21-38. [PMID: 26242562 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug development for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is foremost task for the medicinal chemists in the 21st century. Coumarins are exemplary of an assorted and aptitudinally useful set of drugs. Coumarins play a momentous role in several pharmacological and medicinal aspects. Its analogues are anticipated to play a significant role in the development of new therapeutic leads for NDs. Their promising applications in the field of ND medication are exemplified by clinical candidates such as nodakenin that have been potent for demoting memory impairment. Apart from ND, clinically used anticoagulant warfarin, anticoagulant dicoumarol, and antibiotic coumermycin, novobiocin and chartesium grab the interest of researchers in coumarins. It would be worthwhile to look at the different biological processes that could cause neurodegeneration, thereby establishing a link with distinct coumarin derivatives to serve the purpose of medication. This review undertakes estimation of the wide spectrum of studies focusing coumarin to the domain of drug research for ND. Herein, we search for multitarget coumarin-based inhibitors and their scope for NDs. Future challenges in coumarin-based drug development have been discussed, and emphases have been laid on the future perspectives of coumarins as possible drugs in the future for the treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehtesham Jameel
- Department of Chemistry, B. R. Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur 842001, Bihar, India
| | - Tarana Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, 110025, India
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13
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Kava HW, Galea AM, Md. Jamil F, Feng Y, Murray V. Characterising the atypical 5′-CG DNA sequence specificity of 9-aminoacridine carboxamide Pt complexes. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:997-1007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Murray V, Campbell HM, Gero AM. Plasmodium falciparum: DNA sequence specificity of cisplatin and cisplatin analogues. Exp Parasitol 2011; 128:396-400. [PMID: 21616072 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2011.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we provided evidence that cisplatin is able to form adducts with cellular DNA in Plasmodium falciparum. The DNA sequence specificity of cisplatin adduct formation was determined in trophozoite-enriched P. falciparum cells and this paper represents the first occasion that the sequence specificity of cisplatin DNA damage has been observed in malaria cells. Utilising a sub-telomeric, 692 bp repeat sequence in the P. falciparum genome, we were able to investigate the DNA adducts formed by cisplatin and five analogues. A run of eight consecutive guanines was the most prominent site of DNA damage in the malarial cells. This study suggests that the mechanism of P. falciparum cell death caused by cisplatin involves damage to DNA and hence inhibition of DNA replication and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Murray
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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15
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The sequence selectivity of DNA-targeted 9-aminoacridine cisplatin analogues in a telomere-containing DNA sequence. J Biol Inorg Chem 2011; 16:735-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Chen JJ, Li KT, Yang DY. Synthesis of Coumarin/Phenanthridine-Fused Heterocycles and Their Photochemical and Thermochromic Properties. Org Lett 2011; 13:1658-61. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Jia Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 181, Section 3, Taichung Port Road, Taichung City 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 181, Section 3, Taichung Port Road, Taichung City 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ding-Yah Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, No. 181, Section 3, Taichung Port Road, Taichung City 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Messori L, Casini A, Gabbiani C, Michelucci E, Cubo L, Ríos-Luci C, Padrón JM, Navarro-Ranninger C, Quiroga AG. Cytotoxic Profile and Peculiar Reactivity with Biomolecules of a Novel "Rule-Breaker" Iodidoplatinum(II) Complex. ACS Med Chem Lett 2010; 1:381-5. [PMID: 24900222 DOI: 10.1021/ml100081e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel and surprising biological properties were disclosed for the platinum(II) complex cis-diiodidodiisopropylamineplatinum(II). Remarkably, this new platinum(II) complex manifests pronounced antiproliferative properties in vitro, in some cases superior to those of cisplatin. A peculiar reactivity with the model protein cytochrome c was indeed highlighted based on the loss of amine ligands and retention of iodides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Messori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ugo Schiff, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Angela Casini
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Ugo Schiff, Università di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Elena Michelucci
- Mass Spectrometry Centre (CISM), Università di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Leticia Cubo
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carla Ríos-Luci
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | - José M. Padrón
- Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica “Antonio González” (IUBO-AG), Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain
| | | | - Adoracion G. Quiroga
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Substituted 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamides tethered to platinum(II)diamine complexes: Chemistry, cytotoxicity and DNA sequence selectivity. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:815-9. [PMID: 20494445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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19
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Utku S, Gumus F, Tezcan S, Serin MS, Ozkul A. Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and DNA binding of some new platinum(II) and platinum(IV) complexes with benzimidazole ligands. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:502-8. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903282858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Semra Utku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gumus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Gazi, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seda Tezcan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sami Serin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
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Cellular accumulation and DNA platination of two new platinum(II) anticancer compounds based on anthracene derivatives as carrier ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2009; 103:791-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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Kozelka J. Molecular origin of the sequence-dependent kinetics of reactions between cisplatin derivatives and DNA. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Liu YC, Chen ZF, Liu LM, Peng Y, Hong X, Yang B, Liu HG, Liang H, Orvig C. Divalent later transition metal complexes of the traditional chinese medicine (TCM) liriodenine: coordination chemistry, cytotoxicity and DNA binding studies. Dalton Trans 2009:10813-23. [DOI: 10.1039/b912553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Chen ZF, Liu YC, Liu LM, Wang HS, Qin SH, Wang BL, Bian HD, Yang B, Fun HK, Liu HG, Liang H, Orvig C. Potential new inorganic antitumour agents from combining the anticancer traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) liriodenine with metal ions, and DNA binding studies. Dalton Trans 2009:262-72. [DOI: 10.1039/b813363h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Song YF, Kitson PJ, Long DL, Parenty ADC, Thatcher RJ, Cronin L. Supramolecular self-assembly and anion-dependence of copper(II) complexes with cationic dihydro-imidazo phenanthridinium (DIP)-containing ligands. CrystEngComm 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b802541j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Hoog PD, Boldron C, Gamez P, Sliedregt-Bol K, Roland I, Pitié M, Kiss R, Meunier B, Reedijk J. New approach for the preparation of efficient DNA cleaving agents: ditopic copper-platinum complexes based on 3-Clip-Phen and cisplatin. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3148-52. [PMID: 17521178 DOI: 10.1021/jm0614331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The design and synthesis of new heterodinuclear DNA-targeting agents are described. The abilities of cisplatin and Cu(3-Clip-Phen) [Cu(1-(1,10-phenanthrolin-3-yloxy)-3-(1,10-phenanthrolin-8-yloxy)propan-2-amine)Cl2], an artificial DNA-cleaving agent, have been combined through their "covalent coupling". This strategy has led to bifunctional complexes that are able to cleave the DNA in a double-stranded fashion in contrast to Cu(3-Clip-Phen) alone and have promising cytotoxicities compared to cisplatin in several cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Hoog
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, Post Office Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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26
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Smith LV, Parenty ADC, Guthrie KM, Plumb J, Brown R, Cronin L. Dihydroimidazophenanthridinium (DIP)-based DNA binding agents with tuneable structures and biological activity. Chembiochem 2007; 7:1757-63. [PMID: 17031882 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200600205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesised a library of dihydroimidazophenanthridinium cations (DIPs) with large structural diversity (1-29) using a "one-pot" approach. The DNA binding constants of DIPs range from 2x10(4) to 1.3x10(5) M(-1), and the free energies for binding range from -5.9 to -6.40 kcal mol(-1). Viscosity measurements demonstrated that the binding of the compounds caused DNA lengthening, thus signifying binding by intercalation. The cytotoxicities of the compounds were determined by tetrazolium dye-based microtitration assays and showed a large range of values (0.09-11.7 microM). Preliminary molecular modelling studies of the DNA-DIP interactions suggested that the DIP moieties can interact with DNA by intercalation, and some R groups might facilitate binding by minor-groove binding. The results provide insight into how to design biologically active DNA binding agents that can interact in these ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise V Smith
- WestCHEM Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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27
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Momekov G, Momekova D. Recent developments in antitumour platinum coordination compounds. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.10.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Targeting platinum anti-tumour drugs: Overview of strategies employed to reduce systemic toxicity. Coord Chem Rev 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Gao J, Woolley FR, Zingaro RA. In Vitro Anticancer Activities and Optical Imaging of Novel Intercalative Non-Cisplatin Conjugates. J Med Chem 2005; 48:7192-7. [PMID: 16279777 DOI: 10.1021/jm050497t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first pi-conjugated macrocyclic diimine and triaza DNA-binding intercalators and their platinum(II) conjugates have been synthesized by direct Schiff base cyclocondensation. The in vitro anticancer activities of compounds 3, 4, and 5 were tested on five cancer cell lines: MCF-7, A549, P388, A2780, and A2780cisR. Ovarian tumors were included specifically to evaluate the new conjugates' ability to circumvent A2780cisR resistance. Antitumor effects of the newly conjugated compounds were compared to those of cisplatin. The data clearly indicate that improved drug efficiencies are achieved as a result of the intercalative moieties. The luminescent probe that was integrated in complexes 8-10 made it possible to monitor drug penetration using optical imaging. Enhanced targeting of tumor nuclei by the study compounds was confirmed by confocal microscopy. This paper describes a new class of platinum-based antitumorals differing from cisplatin in several critical aspects with the potential for significantly improving clinical outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA.
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30
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Parenty ADC, Smith LV, Guthrie KM, Long DL, Plumb J, Brown R, Cronin L. Highly stable phenanthridinium frameworks as a new class of tunable DNA binding agents with cytotoxic properties. J Med Chem 2005; 48:4504-6. [PMID: 15999988 DOI: 10.1021/jm050320z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new class of cytotoxic heteroaromatic cations is presented, based on the dihydro-imidazo-phenanthridinium framework (DIP), that have affinity for DNA and cytotoxicity toward cancerous cells. The DIP framework is particularly tunable due to the flexible synthetic methodology. Furthermore, the central moiety has proved to be very stable to hydrolysis and reduction compared to other phenanthridinium-based agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D C Parenty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, UK
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31
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Gupta R, Beck JL, Sheil MM, Ralph SF. Identification of bifunctional GA and AG intrastrand crosslinks formed between cisplatin and DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2005; 99:552-9. [PMID: 15621289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2004.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Revised: 10/06/2004] [Accepted: 11/01/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A combination of enzymatic digestion and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to characterise bifunctional adducts in which cisplatin is bound to GA base sequences in 8mer and 16mer oligonucleotides that do not contain other, higher affinity binding sites. The extent of formation of bifunctional adducts with GA base sequences was significant, but less than that seen with similar oligonucleotides containing either AG or GG sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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32
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Boer J, Blount KF, Luedtke NW, Elson-Schwab L, Tor Y. RNA-Selective Modification by a Platinum(II) Complex Conjugated to Amino- and Guanidinoglycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:927-32. [PMID: 15630712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Boer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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33
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Boer J, Blount KF, Luedtke NW, Elson-Schwab L, Tor Y. RNA-Selective Modification by a Platinum(II) Complex Conjugated to Amino- and Guanidinoglycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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34
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Monjardet-Bas V, Bombard S, Chottard JC, Kozelka J. GA and AG sequences of DNA react with cisplatin at comparable rates. Chemistry 2004; 9:4739-45. [PMID: 14566881 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200305085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The sequence selectivity of the antitumor drug cisplatin (cis-[PtCl(2)(NH(3))(2)] (1)) between the 5'-AG-3' and 5'-GA-3' sites of DNA has been a matter of discussion for more than twenty years. In this work, we compared the reactivity of GA and AG sequences of DNA towards the aquated forms of cisplatin (cis-[PtCl(NH(3))(2)(H(2)O)](+) (2), cis-[Pt(NH(3))(2)(H(2)O)(2)](2+) (3), and cis-[Pt(OH)(NH(3))(2)(H(2)O)](+) (4)) using two sets of experiments. In the first, we investigated a DNA hairpin, whose duplex stem contained a TGAT sequence as the single reactive site, and determined the individual rate constants of platination with 2 and 3 for G and A in acidic solution. The rate constants at 20 degrees C in 0.1M NaClO(4) at pH 4.5+/-0.1 were 0.09(4) M(-1)s(-1) (G) and 0.11(3) M(-1)s(-1) (A) for 2, and 9.6(1) M(-1)s(-1) (G) and 1.7(1) M(-1)s(-1) (A) for 3. These values are similar to those obtained previously for an analogous hairpin that contained a TAGT sequence. The monoadducts formed with 2 by both GA purines are extremely long-lived, partly as a result of the slow hydrolysis of the chloro monoadduct at A, and partly because of the very low chelation rate (1.4 x 10(-5)s(-1) at 20 degrees C) of the aqua monoadduct on the guanine. In the second set of experiments, we incubated pure or enriched samples of 1, 2, 3, or 4 for 18-64 h at 25 degrees C with a 19 base pair (bp) DNA duplex, whose radiolabeled top strand contained one GA and one AG sequence as the only reactive sites. Quantification of the number of GA and AG cross-links afforded a ratio of about two in favor of AG, irrespective of the nature of the leaving ligands. These results disagree with a previous NMR spectroscopy study, and indicate that GA sequences of DNA are substantially more susceptible to attack by cisplatin than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Monjardet-Bas
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université René Descartes, CNRS, UMR 8601, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, France
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35
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Robillard MS, Davies NP, van der Marel GA, van Boom JH, Reedijk J, Murray V. The interaction of peptide-tethered platinum(II) complexes with DNA. J Inorg Biochem 2003; 96:331-8. [PMID: 12888268 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(03)00180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sequence specificity and intensity of DNA damage induced by six peptide-tethered platinum complexes was compared to cisplatin and Pt(en)Cl(2). DNA damage was investigated in pUC19 plasmid and in intact HeLa cells, and quantitatively analyzed using a Taq DNA polymerase/linear amplification assay. The DNA sequence specificity of the peptide-platinum compounds was found to be very similar to cisplatin and Pt(en)Cl(2), with runs of consecutive guanines being the most intensely damaged sites. The observed reactivity of the peptide-platinum complexes towards plasmid DNA was lower compared to cisplatin and Pt(en)Cl(2), with the glycine-tethered complex 3 and the phenylalanine-tethered complex 4 producing the highest relative damage intensity, followed by (in decreasing order) lysine-tethered (5), arginine-tethered (6), serine-tethered (7) and glutamate-tethered (8). The reactivity of the peptide-platinum complexes towards cellular DNA was also lower compared to cisplatin and Pt(en)Cl(2). For most investigated complexes, the relative damage intensities were found to be similar in cells compared to plasmid DNA, but were greatly reduced for 3 and 4. The lysine-tethered 5 complex produced the highest DNA damage intensity in cells followed by (in decreasing order) 6, 7, 3, 4 and 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Robillard
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
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36
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Ellis LT, Perkins DF, Turner P, Hambley TW. The preparation and characterisation of cyclam/anthraquinone macrocyle/intercalator complexes and their interactions with DNA. Dalton Trans 2003. [DOI: 10.1039/b302123h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Galea AM, Murray V. The interaction of cisplatin and analogues with DNA in reconstituted chromatin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1579:142-52. [PMID: 12427549 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The influence of chromatin structure on cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) DNA damage was investigated in a reconstituted nucleosome system. Nucleosomes were reconstituted on the somatic 5S rRNA gene from Xenopus borealis using the octamer transfer method of reconstitution. Footprinting techniques, utilising bleomycin and DNase I as the damaging agents, were employed to establish the precise location of positioned nucleosomes with respect to the DNA sequence. Reconstituted nucleosomal DNA was treated with cisplatin and drug-induced DNA adduct formation was quantitatively analysed with a polymerase stop assay using Taq DNA polymerase. A densitometric comparison of the relative damage band intensities between purified and reconstituted DNA revealed regions of relative protection corresponding to the sites of the positioned nucleosome cores. This indicated that the preferred site of cisplatin DNA binding was in the linker region of the nucleosome. Statistical analysis showed significant protection from cisplatin DNA damage in the core region of the nucleosome. Three cisplatin analogues were also investigated in this reconstituted nucleosome system. These analogues, cis-diammine(1,1-cyclobutanedicarboxylato)platinum(II) (carboplatin), cis-dichlorobis(cyclohexylamine)platinum(II) (cis-[PtCl(2)(C(6)H(11)NH(2))(2)]) and dichloro(N-[3-[(2-aminoethyl)-amino]propyl]acridine-4-carboxamide)platinum(II) (ac-PtenCl(2)(n3)), were also found to target the linker region of the nucleosome. The latter DNA-targeted acridine-platinum complex gave rise to the most predominant footprints of all the Pt compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Galea
- School of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia
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38
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Gude L, Fernández MJ, Grant KB, Lorente A. DNA Interaction and photonicking properties of DNA-targeted acridine (2,2'-Bipyridine)platinum(II) complexes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2002; 12:3135-9. [PMID: 12372518 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(02)00657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of two (2,2'-bipyridine)platinum(II) complexes tethered to one or two acridine chromophores is reported. These acridine complexes efficiently unwind and photocleave supercoiled plasmid DNA under physiological conditions of temperature and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Gude
- Departamento de Qui;mica Orgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871-Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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39
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Anthracene and naphthalene (2,2′-bipyridine)platinum(II) conjugates: synthesis and DNA photocleavage. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00937-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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40
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Temple MD, Recabarren P, McFadyen WD, Holmes RJ, Denny WA, Murray V. The interaction of DNA-targeted 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide platinum complexes with DNA in intact human cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2002; 1574:223-30. [PMID: 11997087 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00365-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing drug development programme, this paper describes the sequence specificity and time course of DNA adduct formation for a series of novel DNA-targeted analogues of cis-diaminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) (9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide Pt complexes) in intact HeLa cells. The sequence specificity of DNA damage caused by cisplatin and analogues in human (HeLa) cells was studied using Taq DNA polymerase and a linear amplification/polymerase stop assay. Primer extension is inhibited by a Pt-DNA adduct, and hence the sites of these lesions can be analysed on DNA sequencing gels. The repetitive alphoid DNA sequence was used as the target DNA in human cells. The 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide Pt complexes exhibited a markedly different sequence specificity relative to cisplatin and other analogues. The sequence specificity of the 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide Pt complexes is shifted away from a preference for runs of guanines. The 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide Pt complexes have an enhanced preference for GA dinucleotides. This is the first occasion that an altered DNA sequence specificity has been demonstrated for a cisplatin analogue in human cells. A time course of DNA damage revealed that the DNA-targeted Pt complexes, consisting of four 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide Pt complexes and one acridine-4-carboxamide Pt complex, damaged DNA more rapidly compared to cisplatin and non-targeted analogues. A comparison of the time taken to reach half the maximum relative intensity indicated that the DNA-targeted Pt complexes reacted approximately 4-fold faster than cisplatin and the non-targeted analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Temple
- School of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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41
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Holmes RJ, McKeage MJ, Murray V, Denny WA, McFadyen WD. cis-Dichloroplatinum(II) complexes tethered to 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamides: synthesis and action in resistant cell lines in vitro. J Inorg Biochem 2001; 85:209-17. [PMID: 11410241 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(01)00188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of intercalator-tethered platinum(II) complexes PtLCl(2) have been prepared where L are the diamine ligands N-[2-[(aminoethyl)amino]ethyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide, N-[3-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]propyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide, N-[4-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]butyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide and N-[5-[(aminoethyl)amino]pentyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide and N-[6-[(aminoethyl)amino]hexyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide. The activity of the complexes was assessed in the CH-1, CH-1cisR, 41M, 41McisR and SKOV-3 cell lines. The compounds with the shorter linker chain lengths are generally the most active against these cell lines and are much more toxic than Pt(en)C1(2). For example, for the n=2 compound the IC(50) values are 0.017 microM (CH-1), 1.7 microM (41M), 1.4 microM (SKOV-3) and the resistance ratios are 51 (CH-1cisR) and 1.6 (41McisR). For the untethered analogue Pt(en)C1(2) the IC(50) values are 2.5 microM (CH-1), 2.9 microM (41M), 45 microM (SKOV-3) and the resistance ratios are 2.8 (CH-1cisR) and 4.1 (41McisR). The very large differential in IC(50) values between the CH-1 and CH-1cisR pair of cell lines for the 9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide tethered platinum complexes indicates that repair of platinum-induced DNA damage may be a major determinant of the activity of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Holmes
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, 3052
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42
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Burstyn JN, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Cohen SM, Lippard SJ. Formation of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) 1,2-intrastrand cross-links on DNA is flanking-sequence independent. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:4237-43. [PMID: 11058123 PMCID: PMC113142 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.21.4237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis-DDP, cisplatin) DNA adducts over >3000 nucleotides was carried out using a replication blockage assay. The sites of inhibition of modified T4 DNA polymerase, also referred to as stop sites, were analyzed to determine the effects of local sequence context on the distribution of intrastrand cisplatin cross-links. In a 3120 base fragment from replicative form M13mp18 DNA containing 24.6% guanine, 25.5% thymine, 26.9% adenine and 23.0% cytosine, 166 individual stop sites were observed at a bound platinum/nucleotide ratio of 1-2 per thousand. The majority of stop sites (90%) occurred at G(n>2) sequences and the remainder were located at sites containing an AG dinucleotide. For all of the GG sites present in the mapped sequences, including those with Gn(>)2, 89% blocked replication, whereas for the AG sites only 17% blocked replication. These blockage sites were independent of flanking nucleotides in a sequence of N(1)G*G*N(2) where N(1), N(2) = A, C, G, T and G*G* indicates a 1,2-intrastrand platinum cross-link. The absence of long-range sequence dependence was confirmed by monitoring the reaction of cisplatin with a plasmid containing an 800 bp insert of the human telomere repeat sequence (TTAGGG)(n). Platination reactions monitored at several formal platinum/nucleotide ratios or as a function of time reveal that the telomere insert was not preferentially damaged by cisplatin. Both replication blockage and telomere-insert plasmid platination experiments indicate that cisplatin 1,2-intrastrand adducts do not form preferentially at G-rich sequences in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Burstyn
- Department of Chemistry and the Whitaker Health Sciences Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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43
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Perrin LC, Prenzler PD, Cullinane C, Phillips DR, Denny WA, McFadyen WD. DNA targeted platinum complexes: synthesis, cytotoxicity and DNA interactions of cis-dichloroplatinum(II) complexes tethered to phenazine-1-carboxamides. J Inorg Biochem 2000; 81:111-7. [PMID: 11001439 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)00092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of intercalator-tethered platinum(II) complexes PtLCl2 have been prepared, where L are the diamine ligands N-[2-[(aminoethyl)amino]ethyl]-phenazine-1-carboxamide, N-[3-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]propyl]-phenazine-1-carboxamide, N-[4-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]butyl]-phenazine-1-carboxamide and N-[5-[(aminoethyl)amino]pentyl]-phenazine-1-carboxamide. Measurements of the time-course of unwinding of supercoiled pUC19 plasmid DNA by the phenazine complexes PtLCl2 reveal that the presence of the intercalator leads to enhanced rates of DNA platination when compared with the complex Pt(en)Cl2. The platinum(II) complexes where the polymethylene linker chain contains three, four or five carbon atoms are considerably more cytotoxic against murine P388/W than either cisplatin, Pt(en)Cl2, or the metal-free ligands themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Perrin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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44
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Murray V. A survey of the sequence-specific interaction of damaging agents with DNA: emphasis on antitumor agents. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1999; 63:367-415. [PMID: 10506836 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60727-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews the literature concerning the sequence specificity of DNA-damaging agents. DNA-damaging agents are widely used in cancer chemotherapy. It is important to understand fully the determinants of DNA sequence specificity so that more effective DNA-damaging agents can be developed as antitumor drugs. There are five main methods of DNA sequence specificity analysis: cleavage of end-labeled fragments, linear amplification with Taq DNA polymerase, ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single-strand ligation PCR, and footprinting. The DNA sequence specificity in purified DNA and in intact mammalian cells is reviewed for several classes of DNA-damaging agent. These include agents that form covalent adducts with DNA, free radical generators, topoisomerase inhibitors, intercalators and minor groove binders, enzymes, and electromagnetic radiation. The main sites of adduct formation are at the N-7 of guanine in the major groove of DNA and the N-3 of adenine in the minor groove, whereas free radical generators abstract hydrogen from the deoxyribose sugar and topoisomerase inhibitors cause enzyme-DNA cross-links to form. Several issues involved in the determination of the DNA sequence specificity are discussed. The future directions of the field, with respect to cancer chemotherapy, are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Murray
- School of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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45
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Reedijk J. Why does Cisplatin reach Guanine-n7 with competing s-donor ligands available in the cell? Chem Rev 1999; 99:2499-510. [PMID: 11749488 DOI: 10.1021/cr980422f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 619] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Reedijk
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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46
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Kratochwil NA, Ivanov AI, Patriarca M, Parkinson JA, Gouldsworthy AM, del Socorro Murdoch P, Sadler PJ. Surprising Reactions of Iodo Pt(IV) and Pt(II) Complexes with Human Albumin: Detection of Cys34 Sulfenic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990768n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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