1
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Campoy-Campos G, Solana-Balaguer J, Guisado-Corcoll A, Chicote-González A, Garcia-Segura P, Pérez-Sisqués L, Torres AG, Canal M, Molina-Porcel L, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaria E, de Pouplana LR, Alberch J, Martí E, Giralt A, Pérez-Navarro E, Malagelada C. RTP801 interacts with the tRNA ligase complex and dysregulates its RNA ligase activity in Alzheimer's disease. Nucleic Acids Res 2024:gkae776. [PMID: 39268577 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
RTP801/REDD1 is a stress-responsive protein overexpressed in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) that contributes to cognitive deficits and neuroinflammation. Here, we found that RTP801 interacts with HSPC117, DDX1 and CGI-99, three members of the tRNA ligase complex (tRNA-LC), which ligates the excised exons of intron-containing tRNAs and the mRNA exons of the transcription factor XBP1 during the unfolded protein response (UPR). We also found that RTP801 modulates the mRNA ligase activity of the complex in vitro since RTP801 knockdown promoted XBP1 splicing and the expression of its transcriptional target, SEC24D. Conversely, RTP801 overexpression inhibited the splicing of XBP1. Similarly, in human AD postmortem hippocampal samples, where RTP801 is upregulated, we found that XBP1 splicing was dramatically decreased. In the 5xFAD mouse model of AD, silencing RTP801 expression in hippocampal neurons promoted Xbp1 splicing and prevented the accumulation of intron-containing pre-tRNAs. Finally, the tRNA-enriched fraction obtained from 5xFAD mice promoted abnormal dendritic arborization in cultured hippocampal neurons, and RTP801 silencing in the source neurons prevented this phenotype. Altogether, these results show that elevated RTP801 impairs RNA processing in vitro and in vivo in the context of AD and suggest that RTP801 inhibition could be a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genís Campoy-Campos
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Julia Solana-Balaguer
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Anna Guisado-Corcoll
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Almudena Chicote-González
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Pol Garcia-Segura
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Leticia Pérez-Sisqués
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Adrian Gabriel Torres
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mercè Canal
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Laura Molina-Porcel
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Fundació de Recerca Clínic Barcelona-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (FRCB-IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Neurological Tissue Bank, Biobank-Hospital Clínic-FRCB-IDIBAPS, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Departamento de Salud, UPNA, IdiSNA, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Lluís Ribas de Pouplana
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eulàlia Martí
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036 Catalonia, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Esther Pérez-Navarro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona 08036 Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cristina Malagelada
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid 28029, Spain
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2
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Yang K, Dong B, Asthana A, Silverman RH, Yan N. RNA helicase SKIV2L limits antiviral defense and autoinflammation elicited by the OAS-RNase L pathway. EMBO J 2024; 43:3876-3894. [PMID: 39112803 PMCID: PMC11405415 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The OAS-RNase L pathway is one of the oldest innate RNA sensing pathways that leads to interferon (IFN) signaling and cell death. OAS recognizes viral RNA and then activates RNase L, which subsequently cleaves both cellular and viral RNA, creating "processed RNA" as an endogenous ligand that further triggers RIG-I-like receptor signaling. However, the IFN response and antiviral activity of the OAS-RNase L pathway are weak compared to other RNA-sensing pathways. Here, we discover that the SKIV2L RNA exosome limits the antiviral capacity of the OAS-RNase L pathway. SKIV2L-deficient cells exhibit remarkably increased interferon responses to RNase L-processed RNA, resulting in heightened antiviral activity. The helicase activity of SKIV2L is indispensable for this function, acting downstream of RNase L. SKIV2L depletion increases the antiviral capacity of OAS-RNase L against RNA virus infection. Furthermore, SKIV2L loss exacerbates autoinflammation caused by human OAS1 gain-of-function mutations. Taken together, our results identify SKIV2L as a critical barrier to OAS-RNase L-mediated antiviral immunity that could be therapeutically targeted to enhance the activity of a basic antiviral pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Beihua Dong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Abhishek Asthana
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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3
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Chinnam NB, Thapar R, Arvai AS, Sarker AH, Soll JM, Paul T, Syed A, Rosenberg DJ, Hammel M, Bacolla A, Katsonis P, Asthana A, Tsai MS, Ivanov I, Lichtarge O, Silverman RH, Mosammaparast N, Tsutakawa SE, Tainer JA. ASCC1 structures and bioinformatics reveal a novel helix-clasp-helix RNA-binding motif linked to a two-histidine phosphodiesterase. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107368. [PMID: 38750793 PMCID: PMC11214414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Activating signal co-integrator complex 1 (ASCC1) acts with ASCC-ALKBH3 complex in alkylation damage responses. ASCC1 uniquely combines two evolutionarily ancient domains: nucleotide-binding K-Homology (KH) (associated with regulating splicing, transcriptional, and translation) and two-histidine phosphodiesterase (PDE; associated with hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotide phosphate bonds). Germline mutations link loss of ASCC1 function to spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 2 (SMABF2). Herein analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) suggests ASCC1 RNA overexpression in certain tumors correlates with poor survival, Signatures 29 and 3 mutations, and genetic instability markers. We determined crystal structures of Alvinella pompejana (Ap) ASCC1 and Human (Hs) PDE domain revealing high-resolution details and features conserved over 500 million years of evolution. Extending our understanding of the KH domain Gly-X-X-Gly sequence motif, we define a novel structural Helix-Clasp-Helix (HCH) nucleotide binding motif and show ASCC1 sequence-specific binding to CGCG-containing RNA. The V-shaped PDE nucleotide binding channel has two His-Φ-Ser/Thr-Φ (HXT) motifs (Φ being hydrophobic) positioned to initiate cyclic phosphate bond hydrolysis. A conserved atypical active-site histidine torsion angle implies a novel PDE substrate. Flexible active site loop and arginine-rich domain linker appear regulatory. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed aligned KH-PDE RNA binding sites with limited flexibility in solution. Quantitative evolutionary bioinformatic analyses of disease and cancer-associated mutations support implied functional roles for RNA binding, phosphodiesterase activity, and regulation. Collective results inform ASCC1's roles in transactivation and alkylation damage responses, its targeting by structure-based inhibitors, and how ASCC1 mutations may impact inherited disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Babu Chinnam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roopa Thapar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew S Arvai
- Integrative Structural & Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Altaf H Sarker
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jennifer M Soll
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tanmoy Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aleem Syed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J Rosenberg
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Panagiotis Katsonis
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Abhishek Asthana
- Department Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Miaw-Sheue Tsai
- Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ivaylo Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert H Silverman
- Department Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nima Mosammaparast
- Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Susan E Tsutakawa
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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4
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Yang K, Jeltema D, Yan N. Innate immune sensing of macromolecule homeostasis. Adv Immunol 2024; 161:17-51. [PMID: 38763701 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The innate immune system uses a distinct set of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors to recognize molecular patterns initially thought to be unique to microbial invaders, named pathogen-associated molecular patterns. The concept was later further developed to include similar molecular patterns originating from host cells during tissue damage, known as damage-associated molecular patterns. However, recent advances in the mechanism of monogenic inflammatory diseases have highlighted a much more expansive repertoire of cellular functions that are monitored by innate immunity. Here, we summarize several examples in which an innate immune response is triggered when homeostasis of macromolecule in the cell is disrupted in non-infectious or sterile settings. These ever-growing sensing mechanisms expand the repertoire of innate immune recognition, positioning it not only as a key player in host defense but also as a gatekeeper of cellular homeostasis. Therapeutics inspired by these advances to restore cellular homeostasis and correct the immune system could have far-reaching implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Devon Jeltema
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nan Yan
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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5
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Marotta NJ, Weinert EE. Insights into the metabolism, signaling, and physiological effects of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide monophosphates in bacteria. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 58:118-131. [PMID: 38064689 PMCID: PMC10877235 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2023.2290473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
2',3'-cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (2',3'-cNMPs) have been discovered within both prokaryotes and eukaryotes in the past decade and a half, raising questions about their conserved existence in cells. In plants and mammals, wounding has been found to cause increased levels of 2',3'-cNMPs. Roles for 2',3'-cNMPs in plant immunity suggest that their regulation may be valuable for both plant hosts and microbial pathogens. In support of this hypothesis, a plethora of microbial enzymes have been found with activities related to these molecules. Studies in bacteria suggest that 2',3'-cNMPs are also produced in response to cellular stress and modulate expression of numerous genes. 2',3'-cNMP levels affect bacterial phenotypes, including biofilm formation, motility, and growth. Within E. coli and Salmonella enterica, 2',3'-cNMPs are produced by RNA degradation by RNase I, highlighting potential roles for Type 2 RNases producing 2',3'-cNMPs in a range of organisms. Development of cellular tools to modulate 2',3'-cNMP levels in bacteria has allowed for interrogation of the effects of 2',3'-cNMP concentration on bacterial transcriptomes and physiology. Pull-downs of cellular 2',3'-cNMP binding proteins have identified the ribosome and in vitro studies demonstrated that 2',3'-cNMPs decrease translation, suggesting a direct mechanism for 2',3-cNMP-dependent control of bacterial phenotypes. Future studies dissecting the cellular roles of 2',3'-cNMPs will highlight novel signaling pathways within prokaryotes and which can potentially be engineered to control bacterial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick J. Marotta
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative
Biosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16803, USA
| | - Emily E. Weinert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn
State University, University Park, PA, 16803, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University
Park, PA, 16803, USA
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6
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Prangley E, Korennykh A. 2-5A-Mediated decay (2-5AMD): from antiviral defense to control of host RNA. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 57:477-491. [PMID: 36939319 PMCID: PMC10576847 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2023.2181308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells are exquisitely sensitive to the presence of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a molecule that they interpret as a signal of viral presence requiring immediate attention. Upon sensing dsRNA cells activate the innate immune response, which involves transcriptional mechanisms driving inflammation and secretion of interferons (IFNs) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), as well as synthesis of RNA-like signaling molecules comprised of three or more 2'-5'-linked adenylates (2-5As). 2-5As were discovered some forty years ago and described as IFN-induced inhibitors of protein synthesis. The efforts of many laboratories, aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanism and function of these mysterious RNA-like signaling oligonucleotides, revealed that 2-5A is a specific ligand for the kinase-family endonuclease RNase L. RNase L decays single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) from viruses and mRNAs (as well as other RNAs) from hosts in a process we proposed to call 2-5A-mediated decay (2-5AMD). During recent years it has become increasingly recognized that 2-5AMD is more than a blunt tool of viral RNA destruction, but a pathway deeply integrated into sensing and regulation of endogenous RNAs. Here we present an overview of recently emerged roles of 2-5AMD in host RNA regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Prangley
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Alexei Korennykh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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7
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Solstad A, Hogaboam O, Forero A, Hemann EA. RIG-I-like Receptor Regulation of Immune Cell Function and Therapeutic Implications. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:845-854. [PMID: 36130131 PMCID: PMC9512390 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors (RLRs) are cytosolic RNA sensors critical for initiation of antiviral immunity. Activation of RLRs following RNA recognition leads to production of antiviral genes and IFNs for induction of broad antiviral immunity. Although the RLRs are ubiquitously expressed, much of our understanding of these molecules comes from their study in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. However, RLR activation is critical for induction of immune function and long-term protective immunity. Recent work has focused on the roles of RLRs in immune cells and their contribution to programming of effective immune responses. This new understanding of RLR function in immune cells and immune programming has led to the development of vaccines and therapeutics targeting the RLRs. This review covers recent advances in our understanding of the contribution of RLRs to immune cell function during infection and the emerging RLR-targeting strategies for induction of immunity against cancer and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Solstad
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Octavia Hogaboam
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Adriana Forero
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
| | - Emily A Hemann
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;
- Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; and
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8
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Jiaze Y, Sinan H, Minjie Y, Yongjie Z, Nan D, Liangwen W, Wen Z, Jianjun L, Zhiping Y. Rcl1 suppresses tumor progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis of bioinformatics and in vitro experiments. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:114. [PMID: 35264160 PMCID: PMC8905783 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA 3’-terminal phosphate cyclase-like protein (Rcl1) is involved in pre-rRNA processing, but its implication in cancers remains unclear. Methods RCL1 expressions in 21 malignancies was examinated through GEPIA website portal. Clinical implication data related to RCL1 level in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) samples were downloaded through TCGA, ICGC, GEO databases. Survival analysis and gene function enrichment analyses were performed through R software. The correlation between RCL1 expression and tumor immune infiltration was assessed via the TIMER2.0 database. The effects of Rcl1 overexpression or knockdown on cell growth and metastasis was evaluated by CCK8, transwell, and cell cycle assays. Results RCL1 expression is commonly down-regulated in HCC. The lower expression of RCL1 is associated with higher tumor stage, higher AFP level, vascular invasion, and poor prognosis. RCL1 expression has a significant correlation with immune cells infiltration in HCC, especially myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC). Moreover, it was further identified that Rcl1 expression was reduced in HCC cell lines and negatively correlated with invasion of HCC cell lines. Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis revealed that the level of Rcl1 expression in the cytoplasm of HCC cells is significantly lower than that in the cytoplasm of L-02 cell. Moreover, both gain- and loss-of-function studies demonstrated that Rcl1 inhibited the growth and metastasis of HCC cells and regulated cell cycle progression in vitro. Conclusions Rcl1 may serve as a novel tumor suppressor in HCC, and its biological effect needs further study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02533-x. Rcl1 mRNA expression is down-regulated within HCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis and disease progression. Anti-cancer effects of Rcl1 on HCC were confirmed in vitro. Rcl1 may be a potential tumor suppressor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiaze
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hou Sinan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Minjie
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhou Yongjie
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Du Nan
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wang Liangwen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhang Wen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Luo Jianjun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yan Zhiping
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institution of Medical Imaging, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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9
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Altstetter SM, Quitt O, Pinci F, Hornung V, Lucko AM, Wisskirchen K, Jung S, Protzer U. Hepatitis-D Virus Infection Is Not Impaired by Innate Immunity but Increases Cytotoxic T-Cell Activity. Cells 2021; 10:3253. [PMID: 34831475 PMCID: PMC8619298 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 70 million humans worldwide are affected by chronic hepatitis D, which rapidly leads to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma due to chronic inflammation. The triggers and consequences of this chronic inflammation, induced by co-infection with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) and the hepatitis B virus (HBV), are poorly understood. Using CRISPR technology, we characterized the recognition of HDV mono- and co-infection by intracellular innate immunity and determined its influence on the viral life cycle and effector T-cell responses using different HBV and HDV permissive hepatoma cell lines. We showed that HDV infection is detected by MDA5 and -after a lag phase -induces a profound type I interferon response in the infected cells. The type I interferon response, however, was not able to suppress HDV replication or spread, thus providing a persistent trigger. Using engineered T-cells directed against the envelope proteins commonly used by HBV and HDV, we found that HDV immune recognition enhanced T-cell cytotoxicity. Interestingly, the T-cell effector function was enhanced independently of antigen presentation. These findings help to explain immune mediated tissue damage in chronic hepatitis D patients and indicate that combining innate triggers with T-cell activating therapies might allow for a curative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Maximilian Altstetter
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.M.A.); (O.Q.); (A.M.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Oliver Quitt
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.M.A.); (O.Q.); (A.M.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Francesca Pinci
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians—University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.P.); (V.H.)
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians—University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (F.P.); (V.H.)
| | - Aaron Michael Lucko
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.M.A.); (O.Q.); (A.M.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Karin Wisskirchen
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.M.A.); (O.Q.); (A.M.L.); (K.W.)
| | - Stephanie Jung
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.M.A.); (O.Q.); (A.M.L.); (K.W.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München/Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany; (S.M.A.); (O.Q.); (A.M.L.); (K.W.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Steinberg J, Wadenpohl T, Jung S. The Endogenous RIG-I Ligand Is Generated in Influenza A-Virus Infected Cells. Viruses 2021; 13:1564. [PMID: 34452429 PMCID: PMC8402674 DOI: 10.3390/v13081564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of a viral infection, viral genomes are not only recognized by RIG-I, but also lead to the activation of RNase L, which cleaves cellular RNA to generate the endogenous RIG-I ligand (eRL). The eRL was previously identified as a specific sequence derived from the internal transcribed spacer region 2, which bears a 2'3' cyclic phosphate instead of the common 5' triphosphate. By now, the generation of the eRL and its immunostimulatory effect were shown both in vitro and in reporter systems. In this work, we aimed to elucidate whether the eRL is also generated in Influenza A (IAV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infected cells. RNA was extracted from virus-infected cells and used for immunostimulations as well as specific PCR-strategies to detect eRL cleavage. We show that the eRL is generated in IAV infected HEK293 cells, but we could not detect specific eRL fragments in VSV infected cells. Further, RIG-I mediated IFN-response depends not only on viral genomes but also on the eRL, as immunostimulatory properties remain present under 5'triphosphate degrading conditions. In summary, we prove the IAV infection induced eRL generation in HEK293 cells, amplifying the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephanie Jung
- Institute of Cardiovascular Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany; (J.S.); (T.W.)
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