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Zhong S, Song S, Wang L, Liu Y, Xu H, Wang L, Lu H, Hua Y. A novel DNA damage detection method based on a distinct DNA damage response system. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e70008. [PMID: 39287571 PMCID: PMC11407097 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.70008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA damage occurs when cells encounter exogenous and endogenous stresses such as long periods of desiccation, ionizing radiation and genotoxic chemicals. Efforts have been made to detect DNA damage in vivo and in vitro to characterize or quantify the damage level. It is well accepted that single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is one of the important byproducts of DNA damage to trigger the downstream regulation. A recent study has revealed that PprI efficiently recognizes ssDNA and cleaves DdrO at a specific site on the cleavage site region (CSR) loop in the presence of ssDNA, which enables the radiation resistance of Deinococcus. Leveraging this property, we developed a quantitative DNA damage detection method in vitro based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). DdrO protein was fused with eYFP and eCFP on the N-terminal and C-terminal respectively, between which the FRET efficiency serves as an indicator of cleavage efficiency as well as the concentration of ssDNA. The standard curve between the concentration of ssDNA and the FRET efficiency was constructed, and application examples were tested, validating the effectiveness of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shitong Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionInstitute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Shuang Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionInstitute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Linjia Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionInstitute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yufeng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionInstitute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Hong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionInstitute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Liangyan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionInstitute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Huizhi Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionInstitute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yuejin Hua
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & ProtectionInstitute of Biophysics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiangChina
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Bortolamiol E, Mauceri M, Piccolo R, Cavarzerani E, Demitri N, Donati C, Gandin V, Brezar SK, Kamensek U, Cemazar M, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Palladium(II)-Indenyl Complexes Bearing N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands as Potent and Selective Metallodrugs toward High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Models. J Med Chem 2024; 67:14414-14431. [PMID: 39119630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized novel Pd(II)-indenyl complexes using various N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands, including chelating NHC-picolyl, NHC-thioether, and diNHC ligands, and two monodentate NHCs. Transmetalation reactions between a Pd(II)-indenyl precursor and silver-NHC complexes were generally employed, except for chelating diNHC derivatives, which required direct reaction with bisimidazolium salts and potassium carbonate. Characterization included NMR, HRMS analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In vitro on five ovarian cancer cell lines showed notable cytotoxicity, with IC50 values in the micro- and submicromolar range. Some compounds exhibited intriguing selectivity for cancer cells due to higher tumor cell uptake. Mechanistic studies revealed that monodentate NHCs induced mitochondrial damage while chelating ligands caused DNA damage. One chelating NHC-picolyl ligand showed promising cytotoxicity and selectivity in high-grade serous ovarian cancer models, supporting its consideration for preclinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Bortolamiol
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rachele Piccolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Gandin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Kamensek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Cemazar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloska Cesta 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34100 Trieste, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.), IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.), IRCCS via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Kyle AH, Karan T, Baker JHE, Püspöky Banáth J, Wang T, Liu A, Mendez C, Peter Petric M, Duzenli C, Minchinton AI. Detection of FLASH-radiotherapy tissue sparing in a 3D-spheroid model using DNA damage response markers. Radiother Oncol 2024; 196:110326. [PMID: 38735536 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The oxygen depletion hypothesis has been proposed as a rationale to explain the observed phenomenon of FLASH-radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) sparing normal tissues while simultaneously maintaining tumor control. In this study we examined the distribution of DNA Damage Response (DDR) markers in irradiated 3D multicellular spheroids to explore the relationship between FLASH-RT protection and radiolytic-oxygen-consumption (ROC) in tissues. METHODS Studies were performed using a Varian Truebeam linear accelerator delivering 10 MeV electrons with an average dose rate above 50 Gy/s. Irradiations were carried out on 3D spheroids maintained under a range of O2 and temperature conditions to control O2 consumption and create gradients representative of in vivo tissues. RESULTS Staining for pDNA-PK (Ser2056) produced a linear radiation dose response whereas γH2AX (Ser139) showed saturation with increasing dose. Using the pDNA-PK staining, radiation response was then characterised for FLASH compared to standard-dose-rates as a function of depth into the spheroids. At 4 °C, chosen to minimize the development of metabolic oxygen gradients within the tissues, FLASH protection could be observed at all distances under oxygen conditions of 0.3-1 % O2. Whereas at 37 °C a FLASH-protective effect was limited to the outer cell layers of tissues, an effect only observed at 3 % O2. Modelling of changes in the pDNA-PK-based oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) yielded a tissue ROC g0-value estimate of 0.73 ± 0.25 µM/Gy with a km of 5.4 µM at FLASH dose rates. CONCLUSIONS DNA damage response markers are sensitive to the effects of transient oxygen depletion during FLASH radiotherapy. Findings support the rationale that well-oxygenated tissues would benefit more from FLASH-dose-rate protection relative to poorly-oxygenated tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anam Liu
- BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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Peng L, Lidan H, Cuicui Z, Zhe Z, Sen Y, Xuan W, Ganghua L, Chao Z, Zhensheng L, Qiming W. DNA double-strand break repair capacity and its pathway gene variants predict the risk and prognosis of lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2024; 192:107831. [PMID: 38805902 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the association between DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) repair capacity, variations in DSBs-related genes, and the occurrence and prognosis of lung cancer in the Chinese population. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from 98 lung cancer patients and 60 healthy individuals. The individual DSBs repair capacity was assessed by measuring changes in γ-H2AX levels after treatment with etoposide. Exonic sequencing of 45 DSBs-related genes was performed on PBMC DNA. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between lung cancer risk and DSBs repair capacity as well as germlines gene variations. Survival analysis employed the Cox proportional hazards regression model, Kaplan-Meier method, and Log-rank test. RESULTS Lower DSBs repair capacity predicted an increased risk of developing lung cancer (OR = 0.94, 95 %CI = 0.917-0.964, P<0.001). Among lung cancer patients, higher DSBs repair capacity was associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) during first-line treatment (HR = 1.80, 95 %CI = 1.10-3.00, P = 0.031). Patients with BRCA1 mutations had shorter overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.92, 95 %CI = 1.12-3.28, P = 0.018). Patients with FOXO3 mutations had shorter PFS (HR = 4.23, 95 %CI = 1.44-12.36, P = 0.009). Analysis of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) indicated that LIG4 mutations were associated with shorter PFS (HR = 2.90, 95 %CI = 1.00-8.10, P = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that assessing DSBs repair capacity holds promise for predicting both lung cancer risk and prognosis in the Chinese population. Further large-scale studies and functional validation of specific gene mutations related to double-strand breaks are necessary for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hao Lidan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Zhang Cuicui
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Zhang Zhe
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yang Sen
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Wu Xuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Li Ganghua
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zhang Chao
- Geneplus-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Liu Zhensheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Wang Qiming
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou 450008, China; Institute of Cancer Research, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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Tonon G, Mauceri M, Cavarzerani E, Piccolo R, Santo C, Demitri N, Orian L, Nogara PA, Rocha JBT, Canzonieri V, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T. Unveiling the promising anticancer activity of palladium(II)-aryl complexes bearing diphosphine ligands: a structure-activity relationship analysis. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:8463-8477. [PMID: 38686752 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00919c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In continuation of our previous works on the cytotoxic properties of organopalladium compounds, in this contribution we describe the first systematic study of the anticancer activity of Pd(II)-aryl complexes. To this end, we have prepared and thoroughly characterized a wide range of palladium derivatives bearing different diphosphine, aryl and halide ligands, developing, when necessary, specific synthetic protocols. Most of the synthesized compounds showed remarkable cytotoxicity towards ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, with IC50 values often comparable to or lower than that of cisplatin. The most promising complexes ([PdI(Ph)(dppe)] and [PdI(p-CH3-Ph)(dppe)]), characterized by a diphosphine ligand with a low bite angle, exhibited, in addition to excellent cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, low activity on normal cells (MRC5 human lung fibroblasts). Specific immunofluorescence tests (cytochrome c and H2AX assays), performed to clarify the possible mechanism of action of this class of organopalladium derivatives, seemed to indicate DNA as the primary cellular target, whereas caspase 3/7 assays proved that the complex [PdI(Ph)(dppe)] was able to promote intrinsic apoptotic cell death. A detailed molecular docking analysis confirmed the importance of a diphosphine ligand with a reduced bite angle to ensure a strong DNA-complex interaction. Finally, one of the most promising complexes was tested towards patient-derived organoids, showing promising ex vivo cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Tonon
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Matteo Mauceri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Enrico Cavarzerani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Rachele Piccolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Claudio Santo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5 in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Pablo A Nogara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - João Batista T Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vincenzo Canzonieri
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCSvia Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - Flavio Rizzolio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (C.R.O.) IRCCSvia Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Fabiano Visentin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174 Venezia-Mestre, Italy.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Carvajal-Moreno J, Wang X, Hernandez VA, Mondal M, Zhao X, Yalowich JC, Elton TS. Use of CRISPR/Cas9 with Homology-Directed Repair to Gene-Edit Topoisomerase II β in Human Leukemia K562 Cells: Generation of a Resistance Phenotype. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:186-196. [PMID: 38508753 PMCID: PMC11026151 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2β/180; 180 kDa) is a nuclear enzyme that regulates DNA topology by generation of short-lived DNA double-strand breaks, primarily during transcription. TOP2β/180 can be a target for DNA damage-stabilizing anticancer drugs, whose efficacy is often limited by chemoresistance. Our laboratory previously demonstrated reduced levels of TOP2β/180 (and the paralog TOP2α/170) in an acquired etoposide-resistant human leukemia (K562) clonal cell line, K/VP.5, in part due to overexpression of microRNA-9-3p/5p impacting post-transcriptional events. To evaluate the effect on drug sensitivity upon reduction/elimination of TOP2β/180, a premature stop codon was generated at the TOP2β/180 gene exon 19/intron 19 boundary (AGAA//GTAA→ATAG//GTAA) in parental K562 cells (which contain four TOP2β/180 alleles) by CRISPR/Cas9 editing with homology-directed repair to disrupt production of full-length TOP2β/180. Gene-edited clones were identified and verified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Characterization of TOP2β/180 gene-edited clones, with one or all four TOP2β/180 alleles mutated, revealed partial or complete loss of TOP2β mRNA/protein, respectively. The loss of TOP2β/180 protein correlated with decreased (2-{4-[(7-chloro-2-quinoxalinyl)oxy]phenoxy}propionic acid)-induced DNA damage and partial resistance in growth inhibition assays. Partial resistance to mitoxantrone was also noted in the gene-edited clone with all four TOP2β/180 alleles modified. No cross-resistance to etoposide or mAMSA was noted in the gene-edited clones. Results demonstrated the role of TOP2β/180 in drug sensitivity/resistance in K562 cells and revealed differential paralog activity of TOP2-targeted agents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Data indicated that CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the exon 19/intron 19 boundary in the TOP2β/180 gene to introduce a premature stop codon resulted in partial to complete disruption of TOP2β/180 expression in human leukemia (K562) cells depending on the number of edited alleles. Edited clones were partially resistant to mitoxantrone and XK469, while lacking resistance to etoposide and mAMSA. Results demonstrated the import of TOP2β/180 in drug sensitivity/resistance in K562 cells and revealed differential paralog activity of TOP2-targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessika Carvajal-Moreno
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Victor A Hernandez
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Milon Mondal
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jack C Yalowich
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Terry S Elton
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Wilkins RC, Beaton-Green LA. Development of high-throughput systems for biodosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1477-1484. [PMID: 37721060 PMCID: PMC10720693 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for ionising radiation exposure have great utility in scenarios where there has been a potential exposure and physical dosimetry is missing or in dispute, such as for occupational and accidental exposures. Biomarkers that respond as a function of dose are particularly useful as biodosemeters to determine the dose of radiation to which an individual has been exposed. These dose measurements can also be used in medical scenarios to track doses from medical exposures and even have the potential to identify an individual's response to radiation exposure that could help tailor treatments. The measurement of biomarkers of exposure in medicine and for accidents, where a larger number of samples would be required, is limited by the throughput of analysis (i.e. the number of samples that could be processed and analysed), particularly for microscope-based methods, which tend to be labour-intensive. Rapid analysis in an emergency scenario, such as a large-scale accident, would provide dose estimates to medical practitioners, allowing timely administration of the appropriate medical countermeasures to help mitigate the effects of radiation exposure. In order to improve sample throughput for biomarker analysis, much effort has been devoted to automating the process from sample preparation through automated image analysis. This paper will focus mainly on biological endpoints traditionally analysed by microscopy, specifically dicentric chromosomes, micronuclei and gamma-H2AX. These endpoints provide examples where sample throughput has been improved through automated image acquisition, analysis of images acquired by microscopy, as well as methods that have been developed for analysis using imaging flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
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Fardid R, Janipour S, Haddadi G, Mahdavi M, Sharifzadeh S, Lotfi M, Rostamyari M. Evaluation of the relationship between γ-H2AX biomarker levels and dose received after radiation exposure in abdominal-pelvic and chest CT scans. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1392-1397. [PMID: 37787314 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_950_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Background As one of the most informative diagnostic radiation instruments, computed tomography (CT) has seen considerable improvement since its implementation in the 1970s; however, the possibility of low-dose radiation risk after CT procedures is still challenging and little is known about the biological effects of CT exposure on patients. As a result, this research aimed to look at the biological and cytogenetic effects of low-dose abdominal-pelvic and chest CT scans on adults, focusing on the number of γ-H2AX foci formation. Materials and Methods Blood tests were taken before and 10 min after CT exams on patients aged 25-55 who were undergoing abdominal-pelvic and chest CT exams with very low-ionizing radiation exposure (TLD doses of 15.67-63.45 mGy). Blood lymphocytes that had been isolated, fixed, and stained were dyed with γ-H2AX antibodies. Finally, the percentage of phosphorylation of histone H2AX as an indicator of double-strand breaks was determined using a cytometry technique. Results Our findings showed that after CT examination, the mean value of γ-H2AX foci in patients increased (P < 0.0001). A statistically significant correlation between dose radiation and the number of γ-H2AX foci was also found (P = 0.047, r = 0.4731). The current study also found a pattern of elevated γ-H2AX foci in patients over 40 years of age relative to younger patients. Conclusion A Significant activation of γ-H2AX foci was found in lymphocytes of peripheral blood samples of patients after CT compared to before CT scan. This increase in γ-H2AX foci levels in blood cells may be a useful quantitative biomarker of low-level radiation exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Fardid
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences; Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Janipour
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Golamhassan Haddadi
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences; Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maziyar Mahdavi
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Lotfi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maliheh Rostamyari
- Department of Radiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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López JS, Pujol-Canadell M, Puig P, Armengol G, Barquinero JF. Evaluation of γ-H2AX foci distribution among different peripheral blood mononucleated cell subtypes. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1550-1558. [PMID: 36862979 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2187480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The detection of γ-H2AX foci in peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) has been incorporated as an early assay for biological dosimetry. However, overdispersion in the γ-H2AX foci distribution is generally reported. In a previous study from our group, it was suggested that overdispersion could be caused by the fact that when evaluating PBMCs, different cell subtypes are analyzed, and that these could differ in their radiosensitivity. This would cause a mixture of different frequencies that would result in the overdispersion observed. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate both the possible differences in the radiosensitivities of the different cell subtypes present in the PBMCs and to evaluate the distribution of γ-H2AX foci in each cell subtype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood samples from three healthy donors were obtained and total PBMCs, and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD56+ cells were separated. Cells were irradiated with 1 and 2 Gy and incubated at 37 °C for 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. Sham-irradiated cells were also analyzed. γ-H2AX foci were detected after immunofluorescence staining and analyzed automatically using a Metafer Scanning System. For each condition, 250 nuclei were considered. RESULTS When the results from each donor were compared, no observable significant differences between donors were observed. When the different cell subtypes were compared, CD8+ cells showed the highest mean of γ-H2AX foci in all post-irradiation time points. The cell type that showed the lowest γ-H2AX foci frequency was CD56+. The frequencies observed in CD4+ and CD19+ cells fluctuated between CD8+ and CD56+ without any clear pattern. For all cell types evaluated, and at all post-irradiation times, overdispersion in γ-H2AX foci distribution was significant. Independent of the cell type evaluated the value of the variance was four times greater than that of the mean. CONCLUSION Although different PBMC subsets studied showed different radiation sensitivity, these differences did not explain the overdispersion observed in the γ-H2AX foci distribution after exposure to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S López
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mònica Pujol-Canadell
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan Francesc Barquinero
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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10
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Factors to Consider for the Correct Use of γH2AX in the Evaluation of DNA Double-Strand Breaks Damage Caused by Ionizing Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246204. [PMID: 36551689 PMCID: PMC9776434 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is constantly increasing. Since the use of IR involves a risk of harmful effects, such as the DNA DSB induction, an accurate determination of this induced DNA damage and a correct evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio in the clinical field are of key relevance. γH2AX (the phosphorylated form of the histone variant H2AX) is a very early marker of DSBs that can be induced both in physiological conditions, such as in the absence of specific external agents, and by external factors such as smoking, heat, background environmental radiation, and drugs. All these internal and external conditions result in a basal level of γH2AX which must be considered for the correct assessment of the DSBs after IR exposure. In this review we analyze the most common conditions that induce H2AX phosphorylation, including specific exogenous stimuli, cellular states, basic environmental factors, and lifestyles. Moreover, we discuss the most widely used methods for γH2AX determination and describe the principal applications of γH2AX scoring, paying particular attention to clinical studies. This knowledge will help us optimize the use of available methods in order to discern the specific γH2AX following IR-induced DSBs from the basal level of γH2AX in the cells.
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11
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Landsiedel R, Honarvar N, Seiffert SB, Oesch B, Oesch F. Genotoxicity testing of nanomaterials. WIRES NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1833. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology BASF SE Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
- Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology Free University of Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Naveed Honarvar
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology BASF SE Ludwigshafen am Rhein Germany
| | | | - Barbara Oesch
- Oesch‐Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions, GmbH & Co KG Ingelheim Germany
| | - Franz Oesch
- Oesch‐Tox Toxicological Consulting and Expert Opinions, GmbH & Co KG Ingelheim Germany
- Institute of Toxicology Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany
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12
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Zhao H, Qu M, Li Y, Wen K, Xu H, Song M, Xie D, Ao X, Gong Y, Sui L, Guan H, Zhou P, Xie J. An estimate assay for low-level exposure to ionizing radiation based on mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1031743. [PMID: 36388350 PMCID: PMC9651621 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1031743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental ionizing radiation (IR) is ubiquitous, and large-dose exposure to IR is known to cause DNA damage and genotoxicity which is associated with an increased risk of cancer. Whether such detrimental effects are caused by exposure to low-dose IR is still debated. Therefore, rapid and early estimation of absorbed doses of IR in individuals, especially at low levels, using radiation response markers is a pivotal step for early triage during radiological incidents to provide adequate and timely clinical interventions. However, there is currently a crucial shortage of methods capable of determining the extent of low-dose IR exposure to human beings. The phosphorylation of histone H2AX on serine 139 (designated γ-H2AX), a classic biological dosimeter, can be used to evaluate the DNA damage response. We have developed an estimation assay for low-level exposure to IR based on the mass spectrometry quantification of γ-H2AX in blood. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes sensitive to low-dose IR, maintaining low temperature (4°C) and adding enzyme inhibitor are proven to be key steps, possibly insuring that a stable and marked γ-H2AX signal in blood cells exposed to low-dose IR could be detected. For the first time, DNA damage at low dose exposures to IR as low as 0.01 Gy were observed using the sensitive variation of γ-H2AX with high throughput mass spectrometry quantification in human peripheral blood, which is more accurate than the previously reported methods by virtue of isotope-dilution mass spectrometry, and can observe the time effect of DNA damage. These in vitro cellular dynamic monitoring experiments show that DNA damage occurred rapidly and then was repaired slowly over the passage of post-irradiation time even after exposure to very low IR doses. This assay was also used to assess different radiation exposures at the in vitro cellular level. These results demonstrate the potential utility of this assay in radiation biodosimetry and environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Man Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dafei Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkun Ao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Gong
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Li Sui
- Department of Nuclear Physics, China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Guan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Hua Guan
| | - Pingkun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China,Pingkun Zhou
| | - Jianwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures and Laboratory of Toxicant Analysis, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China,Jianwei Xie
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13
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Changes in Radiosensitivity to Gamma-Rays of Lymphocytes from Hyperthyroid Patients Treated with I-131. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710156. [PMID: 36077557 PMCID: PMC9456272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) response to a dose of γ-rays in patients treated with radioiodine (I-131) for hyperthyroidism vs. healthy controls, to gain information about the individual lymphocytes’ radio-sensitivity. Blood samples were taken from 18 patients and 10 healthy donors. Phosphorylated histone variant H2AX (γ-H2AX) and micronuclei (MN) induction were used to determine the change in PBL radio-sensitivity and the correlations between the two types of damage. The two assays showed large inter-individual variability in PBL background damage and in radio-sensitivity (patients vs. healthy donors). In particular, they showed an increased radio-sensitivity in 36% and 33% of patients, decrease in 36% and 44%, respectively. There was a scarce correlation between the two assays and no dependence on age or gender. A significant association was found between high radio-sensitivity conditions and induced hypothyroidism. PBL radio-sensitivity in the patient group was not significantly affected by treatment with I-131, whereas there were significant changes inter-individually. The association found between clinical response and PBL radio-sensitivity suggests that the latter could be used in view of the development of personalized treatments.
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14
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Naguib M, Mekkawy IA, Mahmoud UM, Sayed AEDH. Genotoxic evaluation of silver nanoparticles in catfish Clarias gariepinus erythrocytes; DNA strand breakage using comet assay. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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A deep learning model (FociRad) for automated detection of γ-H2AX foci and radiation dose estimation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5527. [PMID: 35365702 PMCID: PMC8975967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most lethal form of damage to cells from irradiation. γ-H2AX (phosphorylated form of H2AX histone variant) has become one of the most reliable and sensitive biomarkers of DNA DSBs. However, the γ-H2AX foci assay still has limitations in the time consumed for manual scoring and possible variability between scorers. This study proposed a novel automated foci scoring method using a deep convolutional neural network based on a You-Only-Look-Once (YOLO) algorithm to quantify γ-H2AX foci in peripheral blood samples. FociRad, a two-stage deep learning approach, consisted of mononuclear cell (MNC) and γ-H2AX foci detections. Whole blood samples were irradiated with X-rays from a 6 MV linear accelerator at 1, 2, 4 or 6 Gy. Images were captured using confocal microscopy. Then, dose-response calibration curves were established and implemented with unseen dataset. The results of the FociRad model were comparable with manual scoring. MNC detection yielded 96.6% accuracy, 96.7% sensitivity and 96.5% specificity. γ-H2AX foci detection showed very good F1 scores (> 0.9). Implementation of calibration curve in the range of 0-4 Gy gave mean absolute difference of estimated doses less than 1 Gy compared to actual doses. In addition, the evaluation times of FociRad were very short (< 0.5 min per 100 images), while the time for manual scoring increased with the number of foci. In conclusion, FociRad was the first automated foci scoring method to use a YOLO algorithm with high detection performance and fast evaluation time, which opens the door for large-scale applications in radiation triage.
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16
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Wanotayan R, Wongsanit S, Boonsirichai K, Sukapirom K, Buppaungkul S, Charoenphun P, Songprakhon P, Jangpatarapongsa K, Uttayarat P. Quantification of histone H2AX phosphorylation in white blood cells induced by ex vivo gamma irradiation of whole blood by both flow cytometry and foci counting as a dose estimation in rapid triage. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265643. [PMID: 35320288 PMCID: PMC8942256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A quick, reliable, and reproducible biological assay to distinguish individuals with possible life-threatening risk following radiological or nuclear incidents remains a quest in biodosimetry. In this paper, we examined the use of a γ-H2AX assay as an early dose estimation for rapid triage based on both flow cytometry and image analyses. In the experiment, whole blood from 11 donors was irradiated ex vivo inside a water phantom by gamma rays from Co-60 at 0.51 Gy/min. After the lysis of red blood cells, the white blood cells were collected for immunofluorescence labeling of γ-H2AX, CD45, and nuclear stained for signal collection and visualization. Analysis by flow cytometry showed that the relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes and granulocytes increased linearly with absorbed doses from 0 to 6 Gy with a large variation among individuals observed above 2 Gy. The relative γ-H2AX intensities of lymphocytes assessed by two different laboratories were highly correlated (ICC = 0.979). Using confocal microscopic images, γ-H2AX foci were observed to be discretely distributed inside the nuclei and to increase proportionally with doses from 0 to 2 Gy, whereas large plagues of merged foci appeared at 4 and 6 Gy, resulting in the saturation of foci counts above 4 Gy. The number of total foci per cell as well as the number of foci per plane were significantly different at 0 vs 1 and 2 vs 4 Gy doses (p < 0.01). Blind tests at 0.5 Gy and 1 Gy doses showed that dose estimation by flow cytometry had a mean absolute difference of less than 0.5 Gy from the actual value. In conclusion, while flow cytometry can provide a dose estimation with an uncertainty of 0.5 Gy at doses ≤ 1 Gy, foci counting can identify merged foci that are prominent at doses ≥ 4 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujira Wanotayan
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Radiological Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- * E-mail: , (PU); , (RW)
| | - Sarinya Wongsanit
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkarak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Boonsirichai
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkarak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
| | - Kasama Sukapirom
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Microparticle and Exosome in Diseases, Research Department, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakchai Buppaungkul
- Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL), Bureau of Radiation and Medical Devices, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Putthiporn Charoenphun
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pucharee Songprakhon
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Research Department, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kulachart Jangpatarapongsa
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center for Research and Innovation, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pimpon Uttayarat
- Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center, Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Ongkarak, Nakhon Nayok, Thailand
- * E-mail: , (PU); , (RW)
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17
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Hammarsten O, Lyytikäinen A, Thunström S, Ek T, Fasth A, Ekwall O, Cajander S, Borgström EW, Smith CIE, Johansson P. Clinical measurement of cellular DNA damage hypersensitivity in patients with DNA repair defects. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35164800 PMCID: PMC8842932 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA repair deficiency disorders are rare inherited diseases arising from pathogenic (disease-causing) variants in genes involved in DNA repair. There are no standardized diagnostic assays for the investigation of pathological significance of unknown variants in DNA repair genes. We hypothesized that our assays for measuring in vitro patient blood cell hypersensitivity to DNA-damaging agents can be used to establish the pathological significance of unknown variants in DNA repair genes. Six patients with variants in the DNA repair genes PRKDC (two siblings), DCLRE1C (two siblings), NBN, and MSH6 were included. Here, we used the cell division assay (CDA) and the γ-H2AX assay, which were both developed and clinically validated by us, to measure patient cell hypersensitivity in response to ionizing radiation, mitomycin C, cytarabine and doxorubicin. Results Radiation hypersensitivity was detected in the two patients with variants in the PRKDC gene (p < 0.0001 for both at 3.5 Gy), and the two patients with DCLRE1C variants (p < 0.0001 at 3.5 Gy for sibling 1 and p < 0.0001 at 1 Gy for sibling 2). The cells from the patients with the PRKDC variant were also deficient in removing γ-H2AX (p < 0.001). The cells from the patient with variants in the NBN gene were hypersensitive to mitomycin C (p = 0.0008) and deficient in both induction and removal of γ-H2AX in response to radiation. Conclusions The combination of the CDA and the γ-H2AX assay is useful in investigating the significance of unknown variants in some DNA repair genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02199-8.
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López JS, Pujol-Canadell M, Puig P, Ribas M, Carrasco P, Armengol G, Barquinero JF. Establishment and validation of surface model for biodosimetry based on γ-H2AX foci detection. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1-10. [PMID: 34705602 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.1998706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the event of a radiation accident detecting γ-H2AX foci is being accepted as fast method for triage and dose assessment. However, due to their disappearance kinetics, published calibrations have been constructed at specific post-irradiation times. OBJECTIVES To develop a surface, or tridimensional, model to estimate doses at times not included in the calibration analysis, and to validate it. MATERIALS AND METHODS Calibration data was obtained irradiating peripheral mononucleated cells from one donor with radiation doses ranging from 0 to 3 Gy, and γ -H2AX foci were detected microscopically using a semi-automatic method, at different post-irradiation times from 0.5 to 24 h. For validation, in addition to the above-mentioned donor, blood samples from another donor were also used. Validation was done within the range of doses and post-irradiation times used in the calibration. RESULTS The calibration data clearly shows that at each analyzed time, the γ-H2AX foci frequency increases as dose increases, and for each dose this frequency decreases with post-irradiation time. The γ-H2AX foci nucleus distribution was clearly overdispersed, for this reason to obtain bidimensional and tridimensional dose-effect relationships no probability distribution was assumed, and linear and non-linear least squares weighted regression was used. In the two validation exercises for most evaluated samples, the 95% confidence limits of the estimated dose were between ±0.5 Gy of the real dose. No major differences were observed between donors. CONCLUSION In case of a suspected overexposure to radiation, the surface model here presented allows a correct dose estimation using γ-H2AX foci as biomarker. The advantage of this surface model is that it can be used at any post-irradiation time, in our model between 0.5 and 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S López
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mònica Pujol-Canadell
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Pedro Puig
- Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Matemàtica, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ribas
- Servei de Radiofísica i Radioprotecció, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Carrasco
- Servei de Radiofísica i Radioprotecció, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Armengol
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan F Barquinero
- Unitat d'Antropologia Biològica, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Qin J, Fan J, Li G, Liu S, Liu Z, Wu Y. DNA double-strand break repair gene mutation and the risk of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma: a case-control study. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:334. [PMID: 34215272 PMCID: PMC8252242 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02032-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the relationship between DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair gene mutations and the risk of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Methods One hundred patients with PTMC or benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) at Henan Cancer Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The DSB repair capacity of peripheral blood T lymphocytes in the two groups was assessed by flow cytometry. Data were compared using Student’s t-test to evaluate the relationship between DSB repair capacity and the risk of PTMC. Factors influencing DSB repair capacity were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The relationship between PTMC and DSB repair capacity was analyzed by univariate analysis. Targeted next-generation DNA sequencing was applied to screen and analyze DSB repair genes related to PTMC. Results The DSB repair capacity was 31.30% in the PTMC group and 44.40% in the BTN group, with that of the former being significantly lower (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of age, sex, obesity status, radiation and other factors showed that radiation exposure was positively correlated with reduced DSB repair capacity(OR = 3.642; 95% CI 1.484–8.935, P = 0.020). Moreover, univariate analysis showed that a reduction in DSB repair capacity was a risk factor for PTMC(OR = 2.333; 95% CI 1.027–5.300, P = 0.043).Targeted next-generation DNA sequencing was performed on the DSB repair genes discovered, and those that were mutated in association with PTMC were Rad50 and FANCA; Rad51 mutations were related to BTN. Conclusion Radiation exposure is positively associated with induced DSB repair gene mutations, which may cause a reduced capacity for DSB repair and eventually lead to PTMC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02032-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qin
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
| | - Shanting Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Zhensheng Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China.
| | - Yao Wu
- Department of Head and Neck Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450008, China
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Kirchhoff H, Karsli U, Schoenherr C, Battmer K, Erschow S, Talbot SR, Steinemann D, Heuser M, Heidenreich O, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Ganser A, Eder M, Scherr M. Venetoclax and dexamethasone synergize with inotuzumab ozogamicin-induced DNA damage signaling in B-lineage ALL. Blood 2021; 137:2657-2661. [PMID: 33512436 PMCID: PMC9635529 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020008544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult patients with relapsed B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) have a dismal prognosis. To improve pharmacotherapy, we analyzed induction of apoptosis by venetoclax and inotuzumab ozogamicin in terms of cytotoxicity and mode of action. Flow cytometry-based analyses of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated activation demonstrate rapid induction of MOMP by venetoclax and DNA damage signaling by inotuzumab ozogamicin, respectively. In primary ALL samples and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, venetoclax and inotuzumab ozogamicin cooperated and synergized in combination with dexamethasone in vitro in all tested samples of ALL. In murine PDX models, inotuzumab ozogamicin, but not venetoclax, induced complete remission in a dose-dependent manner but constantly failed to achieve relapse-free survival. In contrast, combination therapy with venetoclax, dexamethasone, and inotuzumab ozogamicin induced long-term leukemia-free survival and treatment-free survival in all 3 ALL-PDX models tested. These data demonstrate synergistic and highly efficient pharmacotherapy in preclinical models that qualify for evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Kirchhoff
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Uemran Karsli
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Caroline Schoenherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Karin Battmer
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | | | | | - Doris Steinemann
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; and
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Olaf Heidenreich
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation
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21
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Chaurasia RK, Bhat NN, Gaur N, Shirsath KB, Desai UN, Sapra BK. Establishment and multiparametric-cytogenetic validation of 60Co-gamma-ray induced, phospho-gamma-H2AX calibration curve for rapid biodosimetry and triage management during radiological emergencies. Mutat Res 2021; 866:503354. [PMID: 33985694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation is unavoidable to our modern developing society as its applications are widespread and increasing with societal development. The exposures may be planned as in medical applications or may be unplanned as in occupational work and radiological emergencies. Dose quantification of planned and unplanned exposures is essential to make crucial decisions for management of such exposures. This study aims to establish ex-vivo dose-response curve for 60Co-gamma-ray induced gamma-H2AX-foci by immunofluorescence using microscopy and flowcytometry with human lymphocytes. This technique has the potential to serve as a rapid tool for dose estimation and triage application during small to large scale radiological emergencies and clinical exposures. Response curves were generated for the dose range 0-4 Gy (at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation after irradiation) with microscopy and 0-8 Gy (at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h of incubation after irradiation) with flow cytometry. These curves can be applied for dose reconstruction when post exposure sampling is delayed up to 96 h. In order to evaluate Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) of the assay, variation of background frequency of gamma-H2AX-foci was measured in 12 volunteers. To understand the application window of the assay, gamma-H2AX foci decay kinetics has been studied up to 96 h with microscopy and response curves were generated from 1 to 96 hours post exposure. Gamma-H2AX fluorescence intensity decay kinetics was also studied up to 96 h with flow cytometry and response curves were generated from 2 to 24 hours post irradiation. Established curves were validated with dose blinded samples and also compared with standard cytogenetic assays. An inter-comparison of dose estimates was made among gamma-H2AX assay, dicentric aberrations and reciprocal translocations for application window in various dose ranges and time of blood collection after exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Chaurasia
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - N N Bhat
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
| | - Neeraj Gaur
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
| | - K B Shirsath
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
| | - U N Desai
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India.
| | - B K Sapra
- Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India.
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22
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Nikolova E, Tonev D, Zhelev N, Neychev V. Prospects for Radiopharmaceuticals as Effective and Safe Therapeutics in Oncology and Challenges of Tumor Resistance to Radiotherapy. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325821993665. [PMID: 33716590 PMCID: PMC7923993 DOI: 10.1177/1559325821993665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid advances in nuclear medicine have resulted in significant advantages for the field of oncology. The focus is on the application of radiopharmaceuticals as therapeuticals. In addition, the latest developments in cell biology (the understanding of the cell structure, function, metabolism, genetics, signaling, transformation) have given a strong scientific boost to radiation oncology. In this regard, the article discusses what is soon going to be a new jump in radiation oncology based on the already accumulated considerable knowledge at the cellular level about the mechanisms of cell transformation and tumor progression, cell response to radiation, cell resistance to apoptosis and radiation and cell radio-sensitivity. The mechanisms of resistance of tumor cells to radiation and the genetically determined individual sensitivity to radiation in patients (which creates the risk of radiation-induced acute and late side effects) are the 2 major challenges to overcome in modern nuclear medicine. The paper focuses on these problems and makes a detailed summary of the significance of the differences in the ionizing properties of radiopharmaceuticals and the principle of their application in radiation oncology that will shed additional light on how to make the anti-cancer radiotherapies more efficient and safe, giving some ideas for optimizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nikolova
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Tonev
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Nikolai Zhelev
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom.,Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vladimir Neychev
- University of Central Florida, College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
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23
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Exposure to 50 Hz Extremely-Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields Induces No DNA Damage in Cells by Gamma H2AX Technology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:8510315. [PMID: 33628815 PMCID: PMC7899753 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8510315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current results for extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) on DNA damage are still debated. A sensitive indicator and systematic research are needed to assess the effects of ELF-MF. In this study, we used γH2AX as an early and sensitive molecular marker to evaluate the DNA damage effects of ELF-MF in vitro. Human amnion epithelial cells (FLs), human skin fibroblast cells (HSFs), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to 50 Hz ELF-MF at 0.4, 1, and 2 mT for 15 min, 1 h, and 24 h, respectively. After exposure, cells were subjected to γH2AX immunofluorescence and western blot. The results showed no significant difference in the average number of foci per cell, the percentage of γH2AX foci-positive cells, or the expression of γH2AX between the sham and 50 Hz ELF-MF exposure groups (P > 0.05). In conclusion, 50 Hz ELF-MF did not induce DNA damage in FLs, HSFs, or HUVECs, which was independent of the intensity or duration of the exposure.
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Potential application of γ-H2AX as a biodosimetry tool for radiation triage. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 787:108350. [PMID: 34083048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Radiation triage and biological dosimetry are two initial steps in the medical management of exposed individuals following radiological accidents. Well established biodosimetry methods such as the dicentric (DC) assay, micronucleus (MN) assay, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) translocation assay (for residual damage) have been used for this purpose for several decades. Recent advances in scoring methodology and networking among established laboratories have increased triage capacity; however, these methods still have limitations in analysing large sample numbers, particularly because of the ∼ 48 h minimum culture time required prior to analysis. Hence, there is a need for simple, and high throughput markers to identify exposed individuals in case of radiological/nuclear emergencies. In recent years, a few markers were identified, one being phosphorylated histone 2AX (γ-H2AX), which measured a nuclear foci or nuclear staining intensity that was found to be suitable for triage. Measurement of γ-H2AX foci formed at and around the sites of DNA double-strand breaks is a rapid and sensitive biodosimetry method which does not require culturing and is thus promising for the analysis of a large number of samples. In this review, we have summarized the recent developments of γ-H2AX assay in radiation triage and biodosimetry, focusing chiefly on: i) the importance of baseline frequency and reported values among different laboratories, ii) the influence of known and unknown variables on dose estimation, iii) quality assurance such as inter-laboratory comparison between scorers and scoring methods, and iv) current limitations and potential for future development.
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Semochkina YP, Moskaleva EY, Malashenkova IK, Krynskiy SA, Hailov NA, Ogurtsov DP, Ponomareva EV, Gavrilova SI. [Effectiveness of the DNA double-strand breaks repair system in lymphocytes of patients with cognitive impairments and healthy volunteers]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2020; 66:345-352. [PMID: 32893818 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206604345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The individual differences in the efficiency of DNA DSB repair were estimated by the level of residual γH2AX foci after γ-irradiation at a dose of 2 Gy, in lymphocytes of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (AMCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of healthy volunteers. Lymphocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of the examined patients and were frozen in a medium for freezing cells. Before the study, the lymphocytes were thawed, suspended in RPMI 1640 culture medium supplemented with 10% inactivated fetal bovine serum, and half of the cells were γ-irradiated at 4°C from a 60Co source on a GUT-200M facility at a dose of 2 Gy (a dose rate of 0.75 Gy/min). Control and irradiated lymphocytes were cultured for 24 h, collected, fixed, and stored until the study of the number of spontaneous and residual foci of γH2AX using fluorescent microscopy after staining with fluorescent labeled antibodies. In lymphocytes of patients with AMCI and AD a higher number of residual γH2AX foci in lymphocytes and the higher number of lymphocytes with foci were found compared with healthy volunteers. This indicates a decrease in the ability to repair DNA DSB in these patients. Indicators of cellular immunity and the concentration of TNF-α in the blood serum in the group of examined patients were normal. In the group of patients with the cognitive impairments (AMCI+AD), a correlation was found between the number of residual foci of γH2AX and the number of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes and the concentration of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α in the blood serum. This suggests the development of stronger neuroinflammation in patients with reduced ability to repair DNA DSB in this pathology.
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Barmettler S, Coffey K, Smith MJ, Chong HJ, Pozos TC, Seroogy CM, Walter J, Abraham RS. Functional Confirmation of DNA Repair Defect in Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) Infants Identified by Newborn Screening for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (NBS SCID). THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2020; 9:723-732.e3. [PMID: 32818697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiencies (NBS SCID) in 2010 was a significant public health milestone. Although SCID was the primary target, several other conditions associated with severe T-cell lymphopenia have subsequently been identified as secondary targets. The differential diagnosis in infants with an abnormal T-cell receptor excision circle result on NBS SCID who do not meet criteria for typical SCID is often broad, and often the evaluation of these conditions requires immunological and functional testing, in conjunction with genetic analysis, to obtain an accurate diagnosis and develop an appropriate management and treatment plan. OBJECTIVE We describe here 3 infants identified by NBS SCID, who required additional workup as they did not have a typical SCID phenotype and meet the relevant diagnostic criteria. Genetic testing identified pathogenic variants in ATM in all 3 patients, and the pathogenicity of the variants was confirmed by a functional flow cytometry assay. METHODS The patients underwent immunological and genetic workup to identify an underlying cause of their abnormal NBS SCID. Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) was suspected based on clinical and family history, and immunological analyses. The diagnosis was confirmed in all patients with a rapid functional flow cytometric assay and genetic testing. RESULTS A rapid functional flow cytometry assay was used as a diagnostic and confirmatory tool, in conjunction with genetic testing, to make a diagnosis of AT. Experimental validation of the causal relationship between genotype and phenotype allowed for expeditious diagnosis, which facilitated early discussions with families regarding prognosis, treatment, and management. CONCLUSIONS Even with increased rapidity and access to genetic results, functional testing is required for clinical diagnosis in infants identified by NBS SCID who do not fit into the classic categories or have novel genetic variants to confirm the diagnosis. Consideration should be given to the use of functional assays as an essential component of an integrated evaluation to characterize the genetics and mechanisms of inborn errors of immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Barmettler
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass.
| | - Kara Coffey
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Matthew J Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Hematology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn
| | - Hey Jin Chong
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Tamara C Pozos
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Children's Minnesota Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minn
| | - Christine M Seroogy
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Jolan Walter
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, Fla
| | - Roshini S Abraham
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
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27
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Anglada T, Repullés J, Espinal A, LaBarge MA, Stampfer MR, Genescà A, Martín M. Delayed γH2AX foci disappearance in mammary epithelial cells from aged women reveals an age-associated DNA repair defect. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:1510-1523. [PMID: 30875333 PMCID: PMC6428106 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a degenerative process in which genome instability plays a crucial role. To gain insight into the link between organismal aging and DNA repair capacity, we analyzed DNA double-strand break (DSB) resolution efficiency in human mammary epithelial cells from 12 healthy donors of young and old ages. The frequency of DSBs was measured by quantifying the number of γH2AX foci before and after 1Gy of γ-rays and it was higher in cells from aged donors (ADs) at all times analyzed. At 24 hours after irradiation, ADs retained a significantly higher frequency of residual DSBs than young donors (YDs), which had already reached values close to basal levels. The kinetics of DSB induction and disappearance showed that cells from ADs and YDs repair DSBs with similar speed, although analysis of early times after irradiation indicate that a repair defect may lie within the firing of the DNA repair machinery in AD cells. Indeed, using a mathematical model we calculated a constant factor of delay affecting aged human epithelial cells repair kinetics. This defect manifests with the accumulation of DSBs that might eventually undergo illegitimate repair, thus posing a relevant threat to the maintenance of genome integrity in older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Anglada
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joan Repullés
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.,Microscopy Platform, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain
| | - Anna Espinal
- Servei d'Estadística Aplicada, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Department of Population Sciences, and Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martha R Stampfer
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Anna Genescà
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Martín
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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28
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Lee Y, Wang Q, Shuryak I, Brenner DJ, Turner HC. Development of a high-throughput γ-H2AX assay based on imaging flow cytometry. Radiat Oncol 2019; 14:150. [PMID: 31438980 PMCID: PMC6704696 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-019-1344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Measurement of γ-H2AX foci levels in cells provides a sensitive and reliable method for quantitation of the radiation-induced DNA damage response. The objective of the present study was to develop a rapid, high-throughput γ-H2AX assay based on imaging flow cytometry (IFC) using the ImageStream®X Mk II (ISX) platform to evaluate DNA double strand break (DSB) repair kinetics in human peripheral blood cells after exposure to ionizing irradiation. Methods The γ-H2AX protocol was developed and optimized for small volumes (100 μL) of human blood in Matrix™ 96-tube format. Blood cell lymphocytes were identified and captured by ISX INSPIRE™ software and analyzed by Data Exploration and Analysis Software. Results Dose- and time-dependent γ-H2AX levels corresponding to radiation exposure were measured at various time points over 24 h using the IFC system. γ-H2AX fluorescence intensity at 1 h after exposure, increased linearly with increasing radiation dose (R2 = 0.98) for the four human donors tested, whereas the dose response for the mean number of γ-H2AX foci/cell was not as robust (R2 = 0.81). Radiation-induced γ-H2AX levels rapidly increased within 30 min and reached a maximum by ~ 1 h, after which time there was fast decline by 6 h, followed by a much slower rate of disappearance up to 24 h. A mathematical approach for quantifying DNA repair kinetics using the rate of γ-H2AX decay (decay constant, Kdec), and yield of residual unrepaired breaks (Fres) demonstrated differences in individual repair capacity between the healthy donors. Conclusions The results indicate that the IFC-based γ-H2AX protocol may provide a practical and high-throughput platform for measurements of individual global DNA DSB repair capacity which can facilitate precision medicine by predicting individual radiosensitivity and risk of developing adverse effects related to radiotherapy treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13014-019-1344-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Present Address: Laboratory of Biological Dosimetry, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 75 Nowon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea.
| | - Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 630 West 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Meneceur S, Löck S, Gudziol V, Hering S, Bütof R, Rehm M, Baumann M, Krause M, von Neubeck C. Residual gammaH2AX foci in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas as predictors for tumour radiosensitivity: Evaluation in pre-clinical xenograft models and clinical specimens. Radiother Oncol 2019; 137:24-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Radiosensitizing activity of novel small molecule BRCA1 and DNA-PK inhibitors in lung and colon carcinoma. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Ruprecht N, Hungerbühler MN, Böhm IB, Heverhagen JT. Improved identification of DNA double strand breaks: γ-H2AX-epitope visualization by confocal microscopy and 3D reconstructed images. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:295-302. [PMID: 30799523 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, in the context of radiology, irradiation-induced and other genotoxic effects are determined by visualizing DSB-induced DNA repair through γ-H2AX immunofluorescence and direct counting of the foci by epifluorescence microscopy. This procedure, however, neglects the 3D nature of the nucleus. The aim of our study was to use confocal microscopy and 3D reconstructed images to improve documentation and analysis of γ-H2AX fluorescence signals after diagnostic examinations. Confluent, non-dividing MRC-5 lung fibroblasts were irradiated in vitro with a Cs-137 source and exposed to radiation doses up to 1000 mGy before fixation and staining with an antibody recognizing the phosphorylated histone variant γ-H2AX. The 3D distribution of γ-H2AX foci was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. 3D reconstruction of the optical slices and γ-H2AX foci counting were performed using Imaris Image Analysis software. In parallel, γ-H2AX foci were counted visually by epifluorescence microscopy. In addition, whole blood was exposed ex vivo to the radiation doses from 200 to 1600 mGy. White blood cells (WBCs) were isolated and stained for γ-H2AX. In fibroblasts, epifluorescence microscopy alone visualized the entirety of fluorescence signals as integral, without correct demarcation of single foci, and at 1000 mGy yielded on average 11.1 foci by manual counting of 2D images in comparison to 36.1 foci with confocal microscopy and 3D reconstruction (p < 0.001). The procedure can also be applied for studies on WBCs. In contrast to epifluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy and 3D reconstruction enables an improved identification of DSB-induced γ-H2AX foci, allowing for an unbiased, ameliorated quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ruprecht
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin N Hungerbühler
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid B Böhm
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes T Heverhagen
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Alipoor A, Fardid R, Sharifzadeh S. Evaluating Gamma-H2AX Expression as a Biomarker of DNA Damage after X-ray in Angiography Patients. J Biomed Phys Eng 2018; 8:393-402. [PMID: 30568929 PMCID: PMC6280120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common diseases. Coronary angiography (CAG) is an important apparatus used to diagnose and treat this disease. Since angiography is performed through exposure to ionizing radiation, it can cause harmful effects induced by double-stranded breaks in DNA which is potentially life-threatening damage. The aim of the present study is to investigate phosphorylation of Histone H2AX in the location of double-stranded breaks in peripheral blood lymphocytes as an indication of biological effects of radiation on angiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS This method is based on the phosphorylation measurement of Histone (gamma-H2AX or γ-H2AX) levels on serine 139 after the formation of DNA double-strand break. 5 cc of blood samples from 24 patients undergoing angiography were taken pre- and post-radiation. Blood lymphocytes were extracted, fixed and stained with specific γ-H2AX antibodies. Finally, the percentage of phosphorylation of Histone H2AX as an indicator of double-strand break was measured by a cytometry technique. RESULTS An increase was observed in all patients' percentage of phosphorylated Histone H2AX (double-stranded breaks DNA) after radiation (20.15 ± 14.18) compared to pre-exposure time (1.52 ± 0.34). Also, the mean of DNA double-strand break is shown in a linear correlation with DAP. DISCUSSION Although induction of DNA double-strand breaks was associated with the radiation dose in patients, the effect of individual factors such as radio-sensitivity and regenerative capacity should not be ignored. In the future, if we are able to measure DNA damage response in every angiography patient, we will use it as a biomarker for the patient dose; this will promote public health. CONCLUSION Using flow cytometers readings done automatically is possible to detect γ-H2AX in the number of blood cells, therefore, the use of this technique could play a significant role in monitoring patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alipoor
- M.Sc. Radiology Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R Fardid
- Associate Professor, Radiology Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection Research Center (INIRPRC), School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Sharifzadeh
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abbasian M, Baharlouei A, Arab-Bafrani Z, Lightfoot DA. Combination of gold nanoparticles with low-LET irradiation: an approach to enhance DNA DSB induction in HT29 colorectal cancer stem-like cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 145:97-107. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-018-2769-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Falk M, Falková I, Kopečná O, Bačíková A, Pagáčová E, Šimek D, Golan M, Kozubek S, Pekarová M, Follett SE, Klejdus B, Elliott KW, Varga K, Teplá O, Kratochvílová I. Chromatin architecture changes and DNA replication fork collapse are critical features in cryopreserved cells that are differentially controlled by cryoprotectants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14694. [PMID: 30279538 PMCID: PMC6168476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we shed new light on the highly debated issue of chromatin fragmentation in cryopreserved cells. Moreover, for the first time, we describe replicating cell-specific DNA damage and higher-order chromatin alterations after freezing and thawing. We identified DNA structural changes associated with the freeze-thaw process and correlated them with the viability of frozen and thawed cells. We simultaneously evaluated DNA defects and the higher-order chromatin structure of frozen and thawed cells with and without cryoprotectant treatment. We found that in replicating (S phase) cells, DNA was preferentially damaged by replication fork collapse, potentially leading to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), which represent an important source of both genome instability and defects in epigenome maintenance. This induction of DNA defects by the freeze-thaw process was not prevented by any cryoprotectant studied. Both in replicating and non-replicating cells, freezing and thawing altered the chromatin structure in a cryoprotectant-dependent manner. Interestingly, cells with condensed chromatin, which was strongly stimulated by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) prior to freezing had the highest rate of survival after thawing. Our results will facilitate the design of compounds and procedures to decrease injury to cryopreserved cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Falk
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Falková
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Kopečná
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Bačíková
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Pagáčová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Šimek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Golan
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Ke Karlovu 5, Prague 2, CZ-121 16, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Kozubek
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Pekarová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Královopolská 135, CZ-612 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shelby E Follett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, WY 82071, Laramie, USA
| | - Bořivoj Klejdus
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Czech Republic
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, CZ-613 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - K Wade Elliott
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Krisztina Varga
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 46 College Road, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Olga Teplá
- ISCARE IVF a.s, Jankovcova 1692, CZ-160 00, Praha 6, Czech Republic
- VFN Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika, Apolinářská 18, CZ-120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Kratochvílová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physics, Na Slovance 2, CZ-182 21, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
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Senapati VA, Kansara K, Shanker R, Dhawan A, Kumar A. Monitoring characteristics and genotoxic effects of engineered nanoparticle-protein corona. Mutagenesis 2018; 32:479-490. [PMID: 29048576 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) possess different physical and chemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. These unique properties have found application in various products in the area of therapeutics, consumer goods, environmental remediation, optical and electronic fields. This has also increased the likelihood of their release into the environment thereby affecting human health and ecosystem. ENPs, when in contact with the biological system have various physical and chemical interactions with cellular macromolecules including proteins. These interactions lead to the formation of protein corona around the ENPs. Consequently, living systems interact with the protein-coated ENP rather than with a bare ENP. This ENP-protein interaction influences uptake, accumulation, distribution and clearance and thereby affecting the cytotoxic and genotoxic responses. Although there are few studies which discussed the fate of ENPs, there is a need for extensive research in the field of ENPs, to understand the interaction of ENPs with biological systems for their safe and productive application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violet Aileen Senapati
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Krupa Kansara
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Rishi Shanker
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Alok Dhawan
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, PO Box 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, University Road, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India
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Entine F, Bensimon Etzol J, Bettencourt C, Dondey M, Michel X, Gagna G, Gellie G, Corre Y, Ugolin N, Chevillard S, Amabile JC. Deployment of the DosiKit System Under Operational Conditions: Experience From a French Defense National Nuclear Exercise. HEALTH PHYSICS 2018; 115:185-191. [PMID: 29787445 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Estimation of the dose received by accidentally irradiated victims is based on a tripod: clinical, biological, and physical dosimetry. The DosiKit system is an operational and mobile biodosimetry device allowing the measurement of external irradiation directly on the site of a radiological accident. This tool is based on capillary blood sample and hair follicle collection. The aim is to obtain a whole-body and local-surface dose assessment. This paper is about the technical evaluation of the DosiKit; the analytical process and scientific validation are briefly described. The Toulon exercise scenario was based on a major accident involving the reactor of a nuclear attack submarine. The design of the scenario made it impossible for several players (firefighters, medical team) to leave the area for a long time, and they were potentially exposed to high dose rates. The DosiKit system was fully integrated into a deployable radiological emergency laboratory, and the response to operational needs was very satisfactory.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Entine
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 Bis, Rue du Lieutenant Raoul Batany, CS500 57, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
| | | | - C Bettencourt
- Acubens, 15 Rue Pierre Gilles de Gennes, 92160 Antony, France
| | - M Dondey
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 Bis, Rue du Lieutenant Raoul Batany, CS500 57, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
| | - X Michel
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 Bis, Rue du Lieutenant Raoul Batany, CS500 57, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
| | - G Gagna
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 Bis, Rue du Lieutenant Raoul Batany, CS500 57, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
| | - G Gellie
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 Bis, Rue du Lieutenant Raoul Batany, CS500 57, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
| | - Y Corre
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) 18, Route du Panorama, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - N Ugolin
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) 18, Route du Panorama, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - S Chevillard
- French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) 18, Route du Panorama, 92260, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - J-C Amabile
- French Defense Radiation Protection Service (SPRA), 1 Bis, Rue du Lieutenant Raoul Batany, CS500 57, 92141 Clamart Cedex, France
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Utility of DNA, RNA, Protein, and Functional Approaches to Solve Cryptic Immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:307-319. [PMID: 29671115 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report a female infant identified by newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiencies (NBS SCID) with T cell lymphopenia (TCL). The patient had persistently elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) with IgA deficiency, and elevated IgM. Gene sequencing for a SCID panel was uninformative. We sought to determine the cause of the immunodeficiency in this infant. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on the patient and parents to identify a genetic diagnosis. Based on the WES result, we developed a novel flow cytometric panel for rapid assessment of DNA repair defects using blood samples. We also performed whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS) on fibroblast RNA from the patient and father for abnormal transcript analysis. RESULTS WES revealed a pathogenic paternally inherited indel in ATM. We used the flow panel to assess several proteins in the DNA repair pathway in lymphocyte subsets. The patient had absent phosphorylation of ATM, resulting in absent or aberrant phosphorylation of downstream proteins, including γH2AX. However, ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is an autosomal recessive condition, and the abnormal functional data did not correspond with a single ATM variant. WTS revealed in-frame reciprocal fusion transcripts involving ATM and SLC35F2 indicating a chromosome 11 inversion within 11q22.3, of maternal origin. Inversion breakpoints were identified within ATM intron 16 and SLC35F2 intron 7. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel ATM-breaking chromosome 11 inversion in trans with a pathogenic indel (compound heterozygote) resulting in non-functional ATM protein, consistent with a diagnosis of AT. Utilization of several molecular and functional assays allowed successful resolution of this case.
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Viktorisson A, Mathew ST, Hammarsten O, Johansson P. A control for the day-to-day normalization of the flow cytometry γ-H2AX assay for clinical routine. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:946-949. [PMID: 29415368 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) at the DNA double-strand break (DSB) site is frequently used for quantifying DSBs and may be useful as a biomarker for clinical applications. We have previously reported a flow cytometry-based quantification of γ-H2AX for clinical routine. One major challenge, however, is the lack of a control sample for normalization of the day-to-day variation of the flow cytometry γ-H2AX assay. METHODS Here, we report development of a mix-control sample containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 10 control individuals, for normalization of day-to-day variation of the flow cytometry-γ-H2AX assay. RESULTS We showed that control individuals sampled on different days show an average day-to-day variation (CV) of 34%, which was reduced to 12% after normalization to the control sample. The normalization allowed detection of radiosensitivity of lymphoblastoid cell lines from ataxia telangiectasia patients, sampled over three days. CONCLUSION The mix-control sample, consisting of 10 control individuals' PBMC, can be used as a control sample to normalize for day-to-day variation of the γ-H2AX assay. The use of this sample will facilitate integration of the γ-H2AX assay into clinical routine. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Viktorisson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sherin T Mathew
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Hammarsten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pegah Johansson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Cheng Y, Hao Y, Zhang A, Hu C, Jiang X, Wu Q, Xu X. Persistent STAT5-mediated ROS production and involvement of aberrant p53 apoptotic signaling in the resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia to imatinib. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:455-463. [PMID: 29115375 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) may principally be attributed to breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 (ABL1), and have multi-faceted effects in the development of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The p53 protein network regulates important mechanisms in DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation/checkpoints, and cell senescence and apoptosis, as demonstrated by its ability to positively regulate the expression of various pro-apoptotic genes, including B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). In the present study, it was observed that the mRNA levels of STAT5A and STAT5B were upregulated in patients with imatinib-resistant CML and in the imatinib-resistant K562/G CML cell line. In addition, increased expression of STAT5 was observed in the BCR-ABL1 mutation group, compared with that in the non-BCR-ABL1 mutation group, regardless of patient imatinib resistance state. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA double-strand breaks were identified in K562/G cells using flow cytometric and phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX) foci immunofluorescence assays, respectively, compared with the imatinib-sensitive K562 cells. The levels of intracellular ROS and γ-H2AX were decreased by the ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine), and ROS levels were also markedly reduced by STAT5 inhibitor (SH-4-54). In addition, imatinib significantly inhibited the proliferation of K562 and K562/G cells, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.17±0.07 and 14.78±0.43 µM, respectively, and the levels of apoptosis were significantly different between K562 and K562/G cells following treatment with imatinib. The mRNA and protein levels of STAT5 and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) were upregulated, whereas those of Bax were downregulated in K562/G cells, as determined using western blot analysis. Additionally, although the two cell lines exhibited relatively low protein expression levels of p53, lower levels of p53 and TPp53BP1 transcripts were detected in the K562/G cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that the resistance of CML to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib, may be associated with persistent STAT5-mediated ROS production, and the abnormality of the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Cheng
- Central Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Yingchan Hao
- Central Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Chaojie Hu
- Central Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Central Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Quan Wu
- Central Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xiucai Xu
- Central Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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Manivannan B, Kuppusamy T, Venkatesan S, Perumal V. A comparison of estimates of doses to radiotherapy patients obtained with the dicentric chromosome analysis and the γ-H2AX assay: Relevance to radiation triage. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 131:1-7. [PMID: 29080427 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The γ-H2AX assay was investigated as an alternative to the time-consuming dicentric chromosome assay (DCA). Radiation doses to 25 radiotherapy patients were estimated in parallel by DCA and the γ-H2AX assay. The γ-H2AX assay yielded doses in line with the calculated equivalent whole body doses in 92% of the patients, whereas the success rate of DCA was only 76%. The result shows that the γ-H2AX assay can be effectively used as a rapid and more precise alternative to DCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Manivannan
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Thayalan Kuppusamy
- Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Srinivasan Venkatesan
- Dr. Kamakshi Memorial Hospital Pvt. Ltd., Pallikaranai, Chennai 600100, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, College of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra University, Porur, Chennai 600116, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Fasshauer M, Krüwel T, Zapf A, Stahnke VC, Rave-Fränk M, Staab W, Sohns JM, Steinmetz M, Unterberg-Buchwald C, Schuster A, Ritter C, Lotz J. Absence of DNA double-strand breaks in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells after 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging assessed by γH2AX flow cytometry. Eur Radiol 2017; 28:1149-1156. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Dusinska M, Tulinska J, El Yamani N, Kuricova M, Liskova A, Rollerova E, Rundén-Pran E, Smolkova B. Immunotoxicity, genotoxicity and epigenetic toxicity of nanomaterials: New strategies for toxicity testing? Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:797-811. [PMID: 28847762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of nanomaterials (NMs) are beneficial in numerous industrial and medical applications. However, they could also induce unintended effects. Thus, a proper strategy for toxicity testing is essential in human hazard and risk assessment. Toxicity can be tested in vivo and in vitro; in compliance with the 3Rs, alternative strategies for in vitro testing should be further developed for NMs. Robust, standardized methods are of great importance in nanotoxicology, with comprehensive material characterization and uptake as an integral part of the testing strategy. Oxidative stress has been shown to be an underlying mechanism of possible toxicity of NMs, causing both immunotoxicity and genotoxicity. For testing NMs in vitro, a battery of tests should be performed on cells of human origin, either cell lines or primary cells, in conditions as close as possible to an in vivo situation. Novel toxicity pathways, particularly epigenetic modification, should be assessed along with conventional toxicity testing methods. However, to initiate epigenetic toxicity screens for NM exposure, there is a need to better understand their adverse effects on the epigenome, to identify robust and reproducible causal links between exposure, epigenetic changes and adverse phenotypic endpoints, and to develop improved assays to monitor epigenetic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Jana Tulinska
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Miroslava Kuricova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Aurelia Liskova
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology and Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Eva Rollerova
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Toxicology, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental Chemistry-MILK, NILU- Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Jain A, Ranjan S, Dasgupta N, Ramalingam C. Nanomaterials in food and agriculture: An overview on their safety concerns and regulatory issues. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:297-317. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1160363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivendu Ranjan
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Research Wing, Veer Kunwar Singh Memorial Trust, Chapra, Bihar, India
- Xpert Arena Technological Services Pvt. Ltd., Chapra, Bihar, India
| | - Nandita Dasgupta
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chidambaram Ramalingam
- Nano-Food Research Group, Instrumental and Food Analysis Laboratory, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sayed AEDH, Mitani H. Immunostaining of UVA-induced DNA damage in erythrocytes of medaka (Oryzias latipes). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2017; 171:90-95. [PMID: 28482225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Some authors have recently reported that UVA induces double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA. Only a few researchers have reported on the induction of DSBs upon UVA exposure, as measured using the Comet assay and γ-H2AX as markers of DSB formation. In the present study, we have investigated for the first time the dose-dependent induction of DSBs by UVA in medaka (Oryzias latipes) erythrocytes. Adult female medaka fish were exposed to UVA for 15, 30, and 60min/day for three continuous days; an unirradiated control group was kept in the same laboratory conditions. At 0h and 24h after UVA exposure, blood was collected to detect DNA damage and repair. The number of γ-H2AX foci was higher than the control value at 0h after UVA exposure and decreased within a 24h. the comet assay showed that DNA repair began during the recovery period. These findings confirm our pervious findings of genotoxic effects after UVA exposure in medaka erythrocytes and suggest that the replication-independent formation of UVA-induced DSBs is mediated through the generation of reactive oxygen species. In conclusion, these results suggest that DNA damage and repair occur after UVA exposure in medaka fish. UVA is the main component of solar UV radiation and is used for artificial UV exposure. Our results may have implications for skin cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din Hamid Sayed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516Assiut, Egypt; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
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Sayed AEDH, Igarashi K, Watanabe-Asaka T, Mitani H. Double strand break repair and γ-H2AX formation in erythrocytes of medaka (Oryzias latipes) after γ-irradiation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 224:35-43. [PMID: 28347471 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of the DNA damage response in erythrocytes after γ-irradiation may provide evidence for its effectiveness as a biomarkers for genotoxic environmental stress. We previously reported various malformations in erythrocytes of medaka irradiated with10 Gy, but not in their micronuclei. In this study, we optimized an assay method for γ-H2AX and double strand breaks in erythrocytes of adult medaka fish after 15 Gy of γ-irradiation. The highest level of apoptosis and nuclear abnormalities, including in micronuclei, were recorded 4 h after γ-irradiation, as was the highest level of γ-H2AX foci in erythrocytes. These results suggest that recognition and repair processes occur as a response to DNA damage in erythrocytes in medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din Hamid Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan.
| | - Kento Igarashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe-Asaka
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mitani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
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Zhao J, Guo Z, Pei S, Song L, Wang C, Ma J, Jin L, Ma Y, He R, Zhong J, Ma Y, Zhang H. pATM and γH2AX are effective radiation biomarkers in assessing the radiosensitivity of 12C 6+ in human tumor cells. Cancer Cell Int 2017; 17:49. [PMID: 28450809 PMCID: PMC5405484 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-017-0419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour radiosensitivity would be particularly useful in optimizing the radiation dose during radiotherapy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential value of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX) and ATM (pATM) in assessing 12C6+ radiosensitivity of tumour cells. Methods Human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells, hepatoma HepG2 cells, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma MEC-1 cells were irradiated with different doses of 12C6+. The survival fraction was assayed with clonogenic survival method and the foci of γH2AX and pATM was visualized using immunocytochemical methods. Flow cytometry was used to assay γH2AX, pATM and the cell cycle. Results The survival fraction decreased immediately in dose-dependent manner, but in turn, significantly increased during 24 h after 12C6+ irradiation. Both γH2AX and pATM foci accumulated linearly with doses and with a maximum induction at 0.5 h for γH2AX and 0.5 or 4 h for pATM, respectively, and a fraction foci kept for 24 h. The expression of γH2AX and pATM was in relation to cell cycle. The G0/G1 phase cells had the highest expression of γH2AX after 0.5 h irradiation and then decreased to a lower level at 24 h after irradiation. An obvious increase of pATM in G2/M phase was shown after 24 h of 2 and 4 Gy irradiation. The significant G2/M phase arrest was shown. There was a close relationship between the clonogenic survival and γH2AX and pATM expression both in timing and dose in response to 12C6+. Conclusions The rate of γH2AX and pATM formation and loss may be an important factor in the response of cells to 12C6+. pATM and γH2AX are effective radiation biomarkers in assessing the radiosensitivity of 12C6+ in human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Guo
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyan Pei
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Song
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjing Wang
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxiu Ma
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Jin
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqing Ma
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Renke He
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Zhong
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ma
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730030 People's Republic of China
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Wilkins RC, Rodrigues MA, Beaton-Green LA. The Application of Imaging Flow Cytometry to High-Throughput Biodosimetry. Genome Integr 2017; 8:7. [PMID: 28250914 PMCID: PMC5320785 DOI: 10.4103/2041-9414.198912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodosimetry methods, including the dicentric chromosome assay, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the γH2AX marker of DNA damage are used to determine the dose of ionizing radiation. These techniques are particularly useful when physical dosimetry is absent or questioned. While these assays can be very sensitive and specific, the standard methods need to be adapted to increase sample throughput in the case of a large-scale radiological/nuclear event. Recent modifications to the microscope-based assays have resulted in some increased throughput, and a number of biodosimetry networks have been, and continue to be, established and strengthened. As the imaging flow cytometer (IFC) is a technology that can automatically image and analyze processed blood samples for markers of radiation damage, the microscope-based biodosimetry techniques can be modified for the IFC for high-throughput biological dosimetry. Furthermore, the analysis templates can be easily shared between networked biodosimetry laboratories for increased capacity and improved standardization. This review describes recent advances in IFC methodology and their application to biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C. Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation and Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lindsay A. Beaton-Green
- Environmental and Radiation and Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Hill MA, O'Neill P, McKenna WG. Comments on potential health effects of MRI-induced DNA lesions: quality is more important to consider than quantity. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 17:1230-1238. [PMID: 27550664 PMCID: PMC5081138 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly being used in cardiology to detect heart disease and guide therapy. It is mooted to be a safer alternative to imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) or coronary angiographic imaging. However, there has recently been an increased interest in the potential long-term health risks of MRI, especially in the light of the controversy resulting from a small number of research studies reporting an increase in DNA damage following exposure, with calls to limit its use and avoid unnecessary examination, according to the precautionary principle. Overall the published data are somewhat limited and inconsistent; the ability of MRI to produce DNA lesions has yet to be robustly demonstrated and future experiments should be carefully designed to optimize sensitivity and benchmarked to validate and assess reproducibility. The majority of the current studies have focussed on the initial induction of DNA damage, and this has led to comparisons between the reported induction of γH2AX and implied double-strand break (DSB) yields produced following MRI with induction by imaging techniques using ionizing radiation. However, γH2AX is not only a marker of classical double-ended DSB, but also a marker of stalled replication forks and in certain circumstances stalled DNA transcription. Additionally, ionizing radiation is efficient at producing complex DNA damage, unique to ionizing radiation, with an associated reduction in repairability. Even if the fields associated with MRI are capable of producing DNA damage, the lesions produced will in general be simple, similar to those produced by endogenous processes. It is therefore inappropriate to try and infer cancer risk by simply comparing the yields of γH2AX foci or DNA lesions potentially produced by MRI to those produced by a given exposure of ionizing radiation, which will generally be more biologically effective and have a greater probability of leading to long-term health effects. As a result, it is important to concentrate on more relevant downstream end points (e.g. chromosome aberration production), along with potential mechanisms by which MRI may lead to DNA lesions. This could potentially involve a perturbation in homeostasis of oxidative stress, modifying the background rate of endogenous DNA damage induction. In summary, what the field needs at the moment is more research and less fear mongering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hill
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Gray Laboratories, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - P O'Neill
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Gray Laboratories, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - W G McKenna
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Gray Laboratories, ORCRB Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Liu YM, Liu YK, Wang LW, Huang YC, Huang PI, Tsai TH, Chen YJ. The medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea regulates DNA repair and enhances the radiosensitivity of human esophageal cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:6651-6661. [PMID: 27826196 PMCID: PMC5096758 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the adjunctive effects of Antrodia cinnamomea mycelial fermentation broth (AC-MFB), a Taiwanese medicinal fungus, in enhancing the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer cells. Human CE81T/VGH squamous and BE3 adenocarcinoma esophageal cancer cells were used in this study. A colony formation assay showed that pretreatment with AC-MFB decreased the survival of irradiated esophageal cancer cells, with a maximum sensitizer enhancement ratio of 1.91% and 37% survival. A DNA histogram study showed that AC-MFB pretreatment enhanced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, the most radiosensitive phase. An immunofluorescence assay and a Western blotting assay showed that AC-MFB delayed the abrogation of γ-H2AX, upregulated p21 expression, and attenuated the radiation-induced phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase and checkpoint kinase 2. An in vivo validation study showed that AC-MFB treatment tended to have a synergistic effect with radiation on the tumor growth delay of CE81T/VGH cells in BALB/c mice. These data suggest that this edible fungus product could enhance the effect of radiotherapy against esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Liu
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei
| | - Yu-Kuo Liu
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City
| | - Ling-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei
| | - Yu-Chuen Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung
| | - Pin-I Huang
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei; Department of Radiation Oncology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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