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Levin A, Schwarz A, Hulkko J, He L, Sun Y, Barany P, Bruchfeld A, Herthelius M, Wennberg L, Ebefors K, Patrakka J, Betsholtz C, Nyström J, Mölne J, Hultenby K, Witasp A, Wernerson A. The role of dendrin in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 38:311-321. [PMID: 35767852 PMCID: PMC9923709 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) and its systemic variant IgA vasculitis (IgAV) damage the glomeruli, resulting in proteinuria, hematuria and kidney impairment. Dendrin is a podocyte-specific protein suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Upon cell injury, dendrin translocates from the slit diaphragm to the nucleus, where it is suggested to induce apoptosis and cytoskeletal changes, resulting in proteinuria and accelerated disease progression in mice. Here we investigated gene and protein expression of dendrin in relation to clinical and histopathological findings to further elucidate its role in IgAN/IgAV. METHODS Glomerular gene expression was measured using microarray on 30 IgAN/IgAV patients, 5 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) and 20 deceased kidney donors. Dendrin was spatially evaluated on kidney tissue sections by immunofluorescence (IF) staining (IgAN patients, n = 4; nephrectomized kidneys, n = 3) and semi-quantified by immunogold electron microscopy (IgAN/IgAV patients, n = 21; MN, n = 5; living kidney donors, n = 6). Histopathological grading was performed according to the Oxford and Banff classifications. Clinical data were collected at the time of biopsy and follow-up. RESULTS Dendrin mRNA levels were higher (P = .01) in IgAN patients compared with MN patients and controls and most prominently in patients with preserved kidney function and fewer chronic histopathological changes. Whereas IF staining did not differ between groups, immunoelectron microscopy revealed that a higher relative nuclear dendrin concentration in IgAN patients was associated with a slower annual progression rate and milder histopathological changes. CONCLUSION Dendrin messenger RNA levels and relative nuclear protein concentrations are increased and associated with a more benign phenotype and progression in IgAN/IgAV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelina Schwarz
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divison of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Barany
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divison of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divison of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköpings Universitet Hälsouniversitetet, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Maria Herthelius
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Division of Pediatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Wennberg
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Transplantation Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Ebefors
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Mölne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Mizdrak M, Kumrić M, Kurir TT, Božić J. Emerging Biomarkers for Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040548. [PMID: 35455664 PMCID: PMC9025702 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major and serious global health problem that leads to kidney damage as well as multiple systemic diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment are two major measures to prevent further deterioration of kidney function and to delay adverse outcomes. However, the paucity of early, predictive and noninvasive biomarkers has undermined our ability to promptly detect and treat this common clinical condition which affects more than 10% of the population worldwide. Despite all limitations, kidney function is still measured by serum creatinine, cystatin C, and albuminuria, as well as estimating glomerular filtration rate using different equations. This review aims to provide comprehensive insight into diagnostic methods available for early detection of CKD. In the review, we discuss the following topics: (i) markers of glomerular injury; (ii) markers of tubulointerstitial injury; (iii) the role of omics; (iv) the role of microbiota; (v) and finally, the role of microRNA in the early detection of CKD. Despite all novel findings, none of these biomarkers have met the criteria of an ideal early marker. Since the central role in CKD progression is the proximal tubule (PT), most data from the literature have analyzed biomarkers of PT injury, such as KIM-1 (kidney injury molecule-1), NGAL (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin), and L-FABP (liver fatty acid-binding protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mizdrak
- Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Marko Kumrić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Tina Tičinović Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (T.T.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Joško Božić
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (T.T.K.)
- Correspondence:
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3
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Gooch C, Souder JP, Tedder ML, Kerkhof J, Lee JA, Louie RJ, Sadikovic B, Fletcher RS, Robin NH. Near complete deletion of KMT2D in a college student. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1550-1555. [PMID: 35040536 PMCID: PMC8995339 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in KMT2D are typically associated with Kabuki syndrome (KS), a rare multisystem disorder. KS is characterized by facial dysmorphisms, intellectual disability, skeletal and dermatoglyphic differences, and poor growth. Seventy percent of individuals with clinically diagnosed KS have a confirmed pathogenic variant in KMT2D or less commonly KDM6A. The majority of mutations found in KMT2D are de novo nonsense or frameshift, with deletions and duplications rarely reported in the literature. Here, we present the case of near complete deletion of KMT2D in a college student with normal intelligence discovered via exome sequencing and EpiSign methylation testing. This case provides evidence that large deletions in KMT2D are compatible with normal intelligence and presents EpiSign as a method for discovering molecular causes of KS not identified by traditional molecular testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Gooch
- Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jaclyn Paige Souder
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Kerkhof
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Lee
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Diagnostics Division, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nathaniel H Robin
- Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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4
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Zheng Z, Chen G, Jing X, Liu L, Yang L. The risk factors for children with primary nephrotic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:3184-3193. [PMID: 35070832 PMCID: PMC8753467 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the risk factors of primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) with urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. METHODS Multiple databases including PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science (WOS), the Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were used to search for relevant studies, which were full-text articles involved in the evaluation of differences between PNS with UTI and without UTI. All included articles were assessed for quality and the data analyses were conducted with Review Manager (5.4). Forest plots, sensitivity analysis, and bias analysis were also performed on the included articles. RESULTS Eight studies were included in this meta-analysis, with a total of 3,274 patients. Meta-analysis showed that a low level of serum albumin [mean difference (MD): -0.32 g/dL; 95% confidence interval (CI): (-0.55, -0.08); P=0.008], a low level of serum total protein [MD: -0.16 g/dL; 95% CI: (-0.20, -0.12); P<0.00001], a high level of urinary protein [MD: 5.09 mg/d; 95% CI: (3.13, 7.05); P<0.00001], a lower level of serum urea nitrogen [MD: -0.10 mg/dL; 95% CI: (-0.18, -0.02); P=0.01], and a higher level of serum cholesterol [MD: 2.26 mg/dL; 95% CI: (0.74, 3.78)] had a higher risk of PNS with UTI. There was no obvious publication bias among included studies. DISCUSSION Our research demonstrated that a low level of serum albumin, a low level of serum total protein, a high level of urinary protein, a low level of serum urea nitrogen, and a high level of serum cholesterol were the risk factors of PNS with UTI in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of General Surgery 1, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jing
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Lirui Liu
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
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5
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Agarwal S, Sudhini YR, Polat OK, Reiser J, Altintas MM. Renal cell markers: lighthouses for managing renal diseases. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F715-F739. [PMID: 34632812 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00182.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidneys, one of the vital organs in our body, are responsible for maintaining whole body homeostasis. The complexity of renal function (e.g., filtration, reabsorption, fluid and electrolyte regulation, and urine production) demands diversity not only at the level of cell types but also in their overall distribution and structural framework within the kidney. To gain an in depth molecular-level understanding of the renal system, it is imperative to discern the components of kidney and the types of cells residing in each of the subregions. Recent developments in labeling, tracing, and imaging techniques have enabled us to mark, monitor, and identify these cells in vivo with high efficiency in a minimally invasive manner. In this review, we summarize different cell types, specific markers that are uniquely associated with those cell types, and their distribution in the kidney, which altogether make kidneys so special and different. Cellular sorting based on the presence of certain proteins on the cell surface allowed for the assignment of multiple markers for each cell type. However, different studies using different techniques have found contradictions in cell type-specific markers. Thus, the term "cell marker" might be imprecise and suboptimal, leading to uncertainty when interpreting the data. Therefore, we strongly believe that there is an unmet need to define the best cell markers for a cell type. Although the compendium of renal-selective marker proteins presented in this review is a resource that may be useful to researchers, we acknowledge that the list may not be necessarily exhaustive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Onur K Polat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
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6
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Chermside-Scabbo CJ, Harris TL, Brodt MD, Braenne I, Zhang B, Farber CR, Silva MJ. Old Mice Have Less Transcriptional Activation But Similar Periosteal Cell Proliferation Compared to Young-Adult Mice in Response to in vivo Mechanical Loading. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1751-1764. [PMID: 32311160 PMCID: PMC7486279 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical loading is a potent strategy to induce bone formation, but with aging, the bone formation response to the same mechanical stimulus diminishes. Our main objectives were to (i) discover the potential transcriptional differences and (ii) compare the periosteal cell proliferation between tibias of young-adult and old mice in response to strain-matched mechanical loading. First, to discover potential age-related transcriptional differences, we performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the loading responses between tibias of young-adult (5-month) and old (22-month) C57BL/6N female mice following 1, 3, or 5 days of axial loading (loaded versus non-loaded). Compared to young-adult mice, old mice had less transcriptional activation following loading at each time point, as measured by the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the fold-changes of the DEGs. Old mice engaged fewer pathways and gene ontology (GO) processes, showing less activation of processes related to proliferation and differentiation. In tibias of young-adult mice, we observed prominent Wnt signaling, extracellular matrix (ECM), and neuronal responses, which were diminished with aging. Additionally, we identified several targets that may be effective in restoring the mechanoresponsiveness of aged bone, including nerve growth factor (NGF), Notum, prostaglandin signaling, Nell-1, and the AP-1 family. Second, to directly test the extent to which periosteal cell proliferation was diminished in old mice, we used bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) in a separate cohort of mice to label cells that divided during the 5-day loading interval. Young-adult and old mice had an average of 15.5 and 16.7 BrdU+ surface cells/mm, respectively, suggesting that impaired proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not explain the diminished bone formation response with aging. We conclude that old mice have diminished transcriptional activation following mechanical loading, but periosteal proliferation in the first 5 days of loading does not differ between tibias of young-adult and old mice. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Chermside-Scabbo
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taylor L Harris
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael D Brodt
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ingrid Braenne
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Charles R Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Matthew J Silva
- Musculoskeletal Research Center Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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7
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Ji Z, Li H, Yang Z, Huang X, Ke X, Ma S, Lin Z, Lu Y, Zhang M. Kibra Modulates Learning and Memory via Binding to Dendrin. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2064-2077.e7. [PMID: 30784589 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kibra is a synaptic scaffold protein regulating learning and memory. Alterations of Kibra-encoding gene WWC1 cause various neuronal disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Tourette syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Kibra's function in neurons is poorly understood. Here we discover that Kibra, via its N-terminal WW12 tandem domains, binds to a postsynaptic density enriched protein, Dendrin, with a nanomolar dissociation constant. On the basis of the structure of Kibra WW12 in complex with Dendrin PY motifs, we developed a potent peptide inhibitor capable of specifically blocking the binding between Kibra and Dendrin in neurons. Systematic administration of the inhibitory peptide attenuated excitatory synaptic transmission, completely blocked long-term potentiation induction, and impaired spatial learning and memory. A Kibra mutation found in Tourette syndrome patients causes defects in binding to Dendrin. Thus, Kibra can modulate spatial learning and memory via binding to Dendrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Ji
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Sehui Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 4030030, China; The Institute for Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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8
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Mizdrak M, Vukojević K, Filipović N, Čapkun V, Benzon B, Durdov MG. Expression of DENDRIN in several glomerular diseases and correlation to pathological parameters and renal failure - preliminary study. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:90. [PMID: 30458823 PMCID: PMC6247684 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In glomerular injury dendrin translocates from the slit diaphragm to the podocyte nucleus, inducing apoptosis. We analyzed dendrin expression in IgA glomerulonephritis and Henoch Schönlein purpura (IgAN/HSP) versus in podocytopathies minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and compared it to pathohistological findings and renal function at the time of biopsy and the last follow-up. Methods Twenty males and 13 females with median of age 35 years (min-max: 3–76) who underwent percutaneous renal biopsy and had diagnosis of glomerular disease (GD) were included in this retrospective study. Fifteen patients had IgAN/HSP and eighteen podocytopathy. Control group consisted of ten patients who underwent nephrectomy due to renal cancer. Dendrin expression pattern (membranous, dual, nuclear or negative), number of dendrin positive nuclei and proportion of dendrin negative glomeruli were analyzed. Results In GD and the control group significant differences in number of dendrin positive nuclei and proportion of dendrin negative glomeruli were found (P = 0.004 and P = 0.003, respectively). Number of dendrin positive nuclei was higher in podocytopathies than in IgAN/HSP, 3.90 versus 1.67 (P = 0.028). Proportion of dendrin negative glomeruli correlated to higher rates of interstitial fibrosis (P = 0.038), tubular atrophy (P = 0.011) and globally sclerotic glomeruli (P = 0.008). Dual and nuclear dendrin expression pattern were connected with lower rate of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy than negative dendrin expression pattern (P = 0.024 and P = 0.017, respectively). Proportion of dendrin negative glomeruli correlated with lower creatinine clearance (CC) at the time of biopsy and the last follow-up (P = 0.010 and P < 0.001, respectively). Dendrin expression pattern correlated to CC at the last follow-up (P = 0.009), being lower in patients with negative than nuclear or dual dendrin expression (P = 0.034 and P = 0.004, respectively). Conclusion In this pilot study the number of dendrin positive nuclei was higher in podocytopathies than in inflammatory GD. Negative dendrin expression pattern correlated to chronic tubulointerstitial changes and lower CC, which needs to be confirmed in a larger series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mizdrak
- Department of Nephrology and Hemodialysis, University Hospital Centre Split, Šoltanska 1, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Katarina Vukojević
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Natalija Filipović
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Vesna Čapkun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Benjamin Benzon
- Department of Pathology, Forensic medicine and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia.,University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Merica Glavina Durdov
- Department of Pathology, Forensic medicine and Cytology, University Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia.,University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
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Huang Z, Zhang L, Chen Y, Zhang H, Yu C, Zhou F, Zhang Z, Jiang L, Li R, Ma J, Li Z, Lai Y, Lin T, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Zhang B, Ye Z, Liu S, Wang W, Liang X, Liao R, Shi W. RhoA deficiency disrupts podocyte cytoskeleton and induces podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting YAP/dendrin signal. BMC Nephrol 2016; 17:66. [PMID: 27389190 PMCID: PMC4936208 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-016-0287-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Podocyte apoptosis is a major mechanism that leads to proteinuria in many kidney diseases. However, the concert mechanisms that cause podocyte apoptosis in these kidney diseases are not fully understood. RhoA is one of Rho GTPases that has been well studied and plays a key role in regulating cytoskeletal architecture. Previous study showed that insufficient RhoA could result in rat aortic smooth muscle cell apoptosis. However, whether RhoA is involved in podocyte apoptosis remains unknown. Methods Culture podocytes were treated with LPS, ADR or siRNA for 48 h before harvest. Subcellular immunoblotting, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to exam the expression and function of RhoA or YAP in podocytes. Results We found that the expression of RhoA and its activity were significantly decreased in LPS or ADR-injured podocytes, accompanying loss of stress fibers and increased cell apoptosis. Knocking down RhoA or its downstream effector mDia expression by siRNA also caused loss of stress fibers and podocyte apoptosis. Moreover, our results further demonstrated that RhoA deficiency could reduce the mRNA and protein expression of YAP, which had been regarded as an anti-apoptosis protein in podocyte. Silenced dendrin expression significantly abolished RhoA, mDia or YAP deficiency-induced podocyte apoptosis. Conclusion RhoA deficiency could disrupt podocyte cytoskeleton and induce podocyte apoptosis by inhibiting YAP/dendrin signal. RhoA/mDia/YAP/dendrin signal pathway may potentially play an important role in regulating podocyte apoptosis. Maintaining necessary RhoA would be one potent way to prevent proteinuria kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshun Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuanhan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunping Yu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China.,Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510060, China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianchao Ma
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuxiong Lai
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ting Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinchen Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qianmei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhiming Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruyi Liao
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 106 Zhongshan No. 2 Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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10
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Ha TS, Park HY, Seong SB, Ahn HY. Puromycin aminonucleoside increases podocyte permeability by modulating ZO-1 in an oxidative stress-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res 2015; 340:139-49. [PMID: 26683996 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis is a widely studied animal model of human idiopathic nephrotic syndrome because PAN injection into rats results in increased glomerular permeability with the characteristic ultrastructural changes in podocytes similar to human nephrosis. To investigate the role of zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and oxidative stress on PAN-induced podocyte phenotypical changes and hyperpermeability in vitro, we cultured rat and mouse podocytes and treated with various concentrations of PAN. PAN treatment increased oxidative stress level of podocytes significantly with the induction of Nox4. In addition, PAN changed the ultrastructure of podocytes, such as shortening and fusion of microvilli, and the separation of intercellular gaps, which were improved by anti-oxidative vitamin C and Nox4 siRNA. PAN also disrupted the intercellular linear ZO-1 staining and induced inner cytoplasmic re-localization of ZO-1 protein, resulting in increased podocyte intercellular permeability. PAN reduced ZO-1 protein amount and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, which means that PAN could also modulate ZO-1 protein transcriptionally. However, the decreased ZO-1 protein of podocytes by PAN was improved by Nox4 siRNA transfection. Furthermore, vitamin C mitigated the quantitative and distributional disturbances of ZO-1 protein caused by PAN. Our results demonstrate that the phenotypical changes of intercellular ZO-1 by oxidative stress via Nox4 likely contribute to the glomerular hyperpermeability caused by PAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sun Ha
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea.
| | - Hye-Young Park
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Su-Bin Seong
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hee Yul Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
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11
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Taneda S, Honda K, Ohno M, Uchida K, Nitta K, Oda H. Podocyte and endothelial injury in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: an ultrastructural analysis. Virchows Arch 2015; 467:449-58. [PMID: 26266776 PMCID: PMC4609310 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury contributes to the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Endocapillary hypercellularity, which is one of the pathological characteristics of FSGS, suggests that glomerular endothelial injury may also be involved in the pathogenesis of FSGS. In electron micrographs of patients with FSGS (n = 43), we conducted morphometric measurements of foot process width (FPW) and podocyte detachment (PD) as markers of podocyte injury and subendothelial widening (SW) of the glomerular basement membrane as a marker of endothelial injury and compared them to those in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS; n = 11) and control kidney donors (n = 5). Associations between ultrastructural and clinical parameters were analyzed according to the FSGS variants defined by the Columbia classification. FPW was significantly higher in the FSGS group than that in the MCNS and control groups, particularly in the collapsing, tip, and cellular variants of FSGS. Percentage of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) length showing PD and SW was significantly increased in the FSGS group, especially in the collapsing, cellular, and not otherwise specified variants. In FSGS, FPW was inversely correlated with disease duration, but not with proteinuria. Finally, the percentage of GBM length with SW significantly correlated with clinical parameters indicative of poor prognosis, such as lower remission rate and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate at the final observation. Quantitative measurement of podocyte and endothelial injury by electron microscopy might be useful for evaluating histological activity and predicting prognosis in FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekiko Taneda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuho Honda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ohno
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Uchida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosaku Nitta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oda
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Xiao Z, Rodriguez PQ, He L, Betsholtz C, Tryggvason K, Patrakka J. Wtip- and gadd45a-interacting protein dendrin is not crucial for the development or maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83133. [PMID: 24376653 PMCID: PMC3869763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glomerular podocyte cells are critical for the function of the renal ultrafiltration barrier. Especially, the highly specialized cell–cell junction of podocytes, the slit diaphragm, has a central role in the filtration barrier. This is highlighted by the fact that mutations in molecular components of the slit diaphragm, including nephrin and Cd2-associated protein (Cd2ap), result in proteinuric diseases in man. Dendrin is a poorly characterized cytosolic component of the slit diaphragm in where it interacts with nephrin and Cd2ap. Dendrin is highly specific for the podocyte slit diaphragm, suggesting that it has a dedicated role in the glomerular filtration barrier. In this study, we have generated a dendrin knockout mouse line and explored the molecular interactions of dendrin. Dendrin-deficient mice were viable, fertile, and had a normal life span. Morphologically, the glomerulogenesis proceeded normally and adult dendrin-deficient mice showed normal glomerular histology. No significant proteinuria was observed. Following glomerular injury, lack of dendrin did not affect the severity of the damage or the recovery process. Yeast two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that dendrin binds to Wt1-interacting protein (Wtip) and growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible 45 alpha (Gadd45a). Wtip and Gadd45a mediate gene transcription in the nucleus, suggesting that dendrin may have similar functions in podocytes. In line with this, we observed the relocation of dendrin to nucleus in adriamycin nephropathy model. Our results indicate that dendrin is dispensable for the function of the normal glomerular filtration barrier and that dendrin interacts with Wtip and Gadd45a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xiao
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patricia Q. Rodriguez
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology, Genetic and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS, Singapore
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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13
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Grahammer F, Schell C, Huber TB. Molecular understanding of the slit diaphragm. Pediatr Nephrol 2013; 28:1957-62. [PMID: 23233041 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glomerular filtration has always attracted the interest of nephrologists and renal researchers alike. Although several key questions on the structure and function of the kidney filter may have been answered within the last 40 years of intense research, there still remain crucial questions to be solved. The following article attempts to give a brief overview of recent developments in glomerular research highlighting particular advances in our understanding of the slit diaphragm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Grahammer
- Renal Division, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, Freiburg 79106, Germany
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14
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Kodama F, Asanuma K, Takagi M, Hidaka T, Asanuma E, Fukuda H, Seki T, Takeda Y, Hosoe-Nagai Y, Asao R, Horikoshi S, Tomino Y. Translocation of dendrin to the podocyte nucleus in acute glomerular injury in patients with IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012; 28:1762-72. [PMID: 23143340 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been reported that podocytopenia has been occurring with increasing disease severity in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Dendrin is localized at the slit diaphragm (SD) in podocytes. We showed that dendrin translocates to the nucleus of injured podocytes in experimental nephritis and the nuclear dendrin promotes podocyte apoptosis. It is still unknown whether dendrin translocates from the SD to podocyte nucleus in IgAN. We investigated the presence of nuclear dendrin in patients with IgAN and the association between the translocated dendrin to the podocyte nucleus and disease activity. METHODS Fourteen adult patients with IgAN were enrolled. The pathological parameters were analyzed. Immunostaining of renal biopsy specimens and urinary sediments from IgAN or minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) as the control was performed. RESULTS A positive correlation was observed between an acute extracapillary change and the number of dendrin-positive nuclei. The location of dendrin in the nuclei was found in urinary podocytes of IgAN. The number of dendrin-positive nuclei in urinary podocytes of IgAN was significantly higher than that of MCNS. Urinary podocytes, which expressed the apoptosis marker annexin V, were also detected in IgAN. The translocation of dendrin to the podocyte nucleus as well as strong cathepsin L staining were detected in the glomeruli of IgAN. CONCLUSION An increasing number of dendrin-positive nuclei in the glomeruli suggest acute glomerular injury in IgAN. Apoptotic podocytes were detectable in the urine of IgAN. It appears that the translocation of dendrin to the podocyte nuclei enhances podocyte apoptosis in acute glomerular injury and leads to podocytopenia in patients with IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Kodama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Perisic L, Lal M, Hulkko J, Hultenby K, Önfelt B, Sun Y, Dunér F, Patrakka J, Betsholtz C, Uhlen M, Brismar H, Tryggvason K, Wernerson A, Pikkarainen T. Plekhh2, a novel podocyte protein downregulated in human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, is involved in matrix adhesion and actin dynamics. Kidney Int 2012; 82:1071-83. [PMID: 22832517 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pleckstrin homology domain-containing, family H (with MyTH4 domain), member 2 (Plekhh2) is a 1491-residue intracellular protein highly enriched in renal glomerular podocytes for which no function has been ascribed. Analysis of renal biopsies from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis revealed a significant reduction in total podocyte Plekhh2 expression compared to controls. Sequence analysis indicated a putative α-helical coiled-coil segment as the only recognizable domain within the N-terminal half of the polypeptide, while the C-terminal half contains two PH, a MyTH4, and a FERM domain. We identified a phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate consensus-binding site in the PH1 domain required for Plekhh2 localization to peripheral regions of cell lamellipodia. The N-terminal half of Plekkh2 is not necessary for lamellipodial targeting but mediates self-association. Yeast two-hybrid screening showed that Plekhh2 directly interacts through its FERM domain with the focal adhesion protein Hic-5 and actin. Plekhh2 and Hic-5 coprecipitated and colocalized at the soles of podocyte foot processes in situ and Hic-5 partially relocated from focal adhesions to lamellipodia in Plekhh2-expressing podocytes. In addition, Plekhh2 stabilizes the cortical actin cytoskeleton by attenuating actin depolymerization. Our findings suggest a structural and functional role for Plekhh2 in the podocyte foot processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Perisic
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Abstract
The slit diaphragm and the apical and basal membrane domains of podocytes are connected to each other by an actin-based cytoskeleton critical to the maintenance of the glomerular filtration barrier. In an effort to discover novel regulatory proteins of the podocyte foot process, we identified and characterized pdlim2, a member of the actin-associated LIM protein subfamily of cytosolic proteins typified by an N-terminal PDZ domain and a C-terminal LIM domain. In the kidney, the pdlim2 protein is highly specific for the glomerulus and podocyte foot processes as shown by RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy. In cultured podocytes, pdlim2 was associated with stress fibers and cortical actin. Pdlim2 seems to regulate actin dynamics in podocytes since stress fibers were stabilized in its presence. Mechanistically, pdlim2 interacts with two actin-associated podocyte proteins, α-actinin-4 and angiomotin-like-1, as shown by immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid analyses. By semi-quantitative immunoelectron microscopy, there was a reduced expression of pdlim2 in podocytes of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and membranous nephropathy, whereas its expression was unchanged in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Hence, pdlim2 is a novel actin-regulating protein of podocyte foot processes that may have a role in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases.
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17
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Asanuma K, Akiba-Takagi M, Kodama F, Asao R, Nagai Y, Lydia A, Fukuda H, Tanaka E, Shibata T, Takahara H, Hidaka T, Asanuma E, Kominami E, Ueno T, Tomino Y. Dendrin location in podocytes is associated with disease progression in animal and human glomerulopathy. Am J Nephrol 2011; 33:537-49. [PMID: 21606645 DOI: 10.1159/000327995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adriamycin (ADR) nephrosis in mice has been extensively studied and has enabled a greater understanding of the processes underlying the progression of renal injury. Dendrin is a novel component of the slit diaphragm with proapoptotic signaling properties, and it accumulates in the podocyte nucleus in response to glomerular injury in mice. The present study re-evaluated chronic progressive nephropathy in ADR mice and the localization of dendrin in mice and in human glomerulopathy. METHODS To investigate the localization of dendrin, a mouse model of nephrosis and glomerulosclerosis was used, in which ADR was injected once. WT-1-positive cells and apoptotic cells were counted in vivo and in vitro. To check the expression of dendrin in ADR mice, immunostaining and Western blot were performed. A survey of dendrin staining was performed on human kidney biopsy specimens. RESULTS The injection of ADR induced proteinuria, podocyte loss and glomerulosclerosis. It also caused the relocation of dendrin from the slit diaphragm to the podocyte nucleus. We demonstrated the location of dendrin to podocyte nuclei in several cases of human glomerulopathy. The mean occurrence of dendrin-positive nucleus per glomerulus increased in several cases of human glomerulopathy. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the relocation of dendrin to the podocyte nuclei is useful as a novel marker of podocyte injury in human glomerulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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