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Mohapatra A, Kakde S, Annapandian VM, Valson AT, Duhli N, Korula A, Matthai SM, Pulimood AB, David VG, Alexander S, Jacob S, Varughese S, Basu G, Tamilarasi V, John GT. Spectrum of biopsy proven renal disease in South Asian children: Two decades at a tropical tertiary care centre. Nephrology (Carlton) 2018; 23:1013-1022. [PMID: 28846194 PMCID: PMC7615900 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM We report findings from a large single centre paediatric renal biopsy cohort in South Asia. METHODS We analyzed all renal biopsies performed on children aged ≤18 years between 1996 and 2015 at our centre. The clinical characteristics and histological diagnosis pertaining to each case, distribution of renal diseases in children with various clinical presentations, and changes in the pattern of kidney disease during the study period were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 1740 paediatric kidney biopsies were performed during the study period. The mean age was 12.8 ± 4.9 years (8 months to 18 years) and the male: female ratio was 1.5:1. The most common indication for renal biopsy was nephrotic syndrome (63.2%) followed by acute nephritic syndrome (13%). Minimal change disease was the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome while endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (65.7% infection related), remained the commonest cause of acute nephritic syndrome. IgA nephropathy was the commonest cause of chronic kidney disease. Contrary to trends in European paediatric cohorts, the frequency of lupus nephritis increased over the two decades of the study, while that of endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis did not show any appreciable decline. CONCLUSION This study provides the largest data on biopsy proven renal disease in children from South Asia published till date and highlights important differences in the spectrum and trends of kidney disease compared to data from other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Mohapatra
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Shailesh Kakde
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Vellaichamy M Annapandian
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
- Academic Research Department, Narayana Hrudayalaya Foundations, Bangalore, India
| | - Anna T Valson
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Neelaveni Duhli
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Anila Korula
- Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Smita Mary Matthai
- Central Electron Microscopy Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Anna B. Pulimood
- Central Electron Microscopy Unit, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Vinoi G David
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Suceena Alexander
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Shibu Jacob
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Santosh Varughese
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - Gopal Basu
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
- Department of Nephrology, Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplant Service, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Veerasamy Tamilarasi
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
| | - George T John
- Department of Nephrology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Queensland, Australia
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Suryawanshi M, Karnik S, Roy S. Clinicopathological Analysis of Glomerular Disease of Adult Onset Nephrotic Syndrome in an Indian Cohort- A Retrospective Study. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:EC25-EC30. [PMID: 28658768 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24836.9878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary glomerular disease presenting with adult onset nephrotic syndrome are a major cause of chronic renal failure worldwide. The spectrum of renal disease presenting with nephrotic syndrome has undergone a gradual change globally over the course of time. However, there still exist regional differences in the incidence of primary glomerular diseases causing adult onset nephrotic syndrome. AIM To observe the spectrum of renal diseases presenting with adult onset nephrotic syndrome with comparative analysis of changing trends over the last five decades with regards to Western and Indian literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects included patients with age of 18-80 years presenting with nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsies with immunofluoroscence studies were performed in all patients. Baseline clinical parameters of serum urea, creatinine, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, 24 hour urine protein and urine microscopy were recorded. Descriptive statistics was used and results were expressed as frequencies, percentages, and mean±standard deviation. RESULTS A total of 227 patients (72% males) were included for the study. Primary glomerular diseases formed 74.01% of total cases and majority of patients included males in the 4th decade. Minimal Change Disease (MCD) (15.8%) including its variants was the most common primary glomerular disease for adult onset of nephrotic syndrome followed by Mesangial proliferative Glomerulonephritis (MSGN) (13.2%). Membranous nephropathy and Type I Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) individually accounted for 12.3% of patients. Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) accounted for only 11% of patients. Although, increased incidence of FSGS has been observed worldwide, there exist important regional differences in primary glomerular diseases in Indian population. MCD remains a major glomerular disease for adult onset nephrotic syndrome in different parts of India. CONCLUSION Our study over three years represents important data of regional variations of primary glomerular diseases presenting with adult onset nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Suryawanshi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Christian Medical Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swapnil Karnik
- Consultant Oncopathologist and Renal Histopathologist, Department of Pathology, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjeet Roy
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Christian Medical Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhu G, Qiu W, Li Y, Zhao C, He F, Zhou M, Wang L, Zhao D, Lu Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Yu T, Wang Y. Sublytic C5b-9 Induces Glomerular Mesangial Cell Apoptosis through the Cascade Pathway of MEKK2-p38 MAPK-IRF-1-TRADD-Caspase 8 in Rat Thy-1 Nephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1104-1118. [PMID: 28039298 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The apoptosis of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in the early phase of rat Thy-1 nephritis (Thy-1N), a model of human mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN), is primarily triggered by sublytic C5b-9. However, the mechanism of GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9 remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that expressions of TNFR1-associated death domain-containing protein (TRADD) and IFN regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) were simultaneously upregulated in the renal tissue of Thy-1N rats (in vivo) and in GMCs under sublytic C5b-9 stimulation (in vitro). In vitro, TRADD was confirmed to be a downstream gene of IRF-1, because IRF-1 could bind to TRADD gene promoter to promote its transcription, leading to caspase 8 activation and GMC apoptosis. Increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was verified to contribute to IRF-1 and TRADD production and caspase 8 activation, as well as to GMC apoptosis induced by sublytic C5b-9. Furthermore, phosphorylation of MEK kinase 2 (MEKK2) mediated p38 MAPK activation. More importantly, three sites (Ser153/164/239) of MEKK2 phosphorylation were identified and demonstrated to be necessary for p38 MAPK activation. In addition, silencing of renal MEKK2, IRF-1, and TRADD genes or inhibition of p38 MAPK activation in vivo had obvious inhibitory effects on GMC apoptosis, secondary proliferation, and urinary protein secretion in rats with Thy-1N. Collectively, these findings indicate that the cascade axis of MEKK2-p38 MAPK-IRF-1-TRADD-caspase 8 may play an important role in GMC apoptosis following exposure to sublytic C5b-9 in rat Thy-1N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganqian Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Qiu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongting Li
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenhui Zhao
- Department of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Fengxia He
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlai Lu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingwei Wang
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; .,Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Zhang L, Meng H, Han X, Han C, Sun C, Ye F, Jin X. The relationship between HBV serum markers and the clinicopathological characteristics of hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN) in the northeastern chinese population. Virol J 2012; 9:200. [PMID: 22978266 PMCID: PMC3499437 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To investigate the effect of HBV markers on HBV-GN. Methods The immunohistochemistry was used to detect HBsAg and HBcAg in frozen sections of renal biopsy, the changes in HBV serum markers, renal functional parameters and clinical manifestations or symptoms were observed to analyze renal damage. Results Using renal biopsy data from 329 cases, this study found that the most common pathological subtype in HBV-GN was mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) (24.9%, P <0.05), and 29.4% of patients who show serological HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc positive developed membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) (P <0.05). The immunohistochemistry was used to detect HBsAg and HBcAg in frozen sections.50% of HBsAg and HBcAg deposits was observed in the glomeruli of MPGN patients, while 36.6% of HBsAg and 43.9% of HBcAg deposited in the glomeruli of MsPGN patients. The deposits of HBsAg and HBcAg in glomeruli were directly correlated with IgA, IgG, IgM and C3 deposits. In addition, cases with a moderate to severe decrease as reflected by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were predominantly patients with MPGN (31.6%, P <0.05) or MsPGN (21.1%, P <0.05). Patients who were serological HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc positive or HBsAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc positive mainly exhibited urine and renal parameter changes. Conclusion Examination of HBV markers in serum and renal biopsy will be useful for clinicians to predict the renal damage in early stage when it is reversible in HBV-GN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
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PPARα Activation Protects against Anti-Thy1 Nephritis by Suppressing Glomerular NF-κB Signaling. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:976089. [PMID: 22675338 PMCID: PMC3363069 DOI: 10.1155/2012/976089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast increase of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has attracted considerable attention worldwide, and the development of a novel therapeutic option against a representative kidney disease that leads to CKD, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) would be significant. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a member of the steroid/nuclear receptor superfamily, is known to perform various physiological functions. Recently, we reported that PPARα in activated mesangial cells exerted anti-inflammatory effects and that the deficiency of PPARα resulted in high susceptibility to glomerulonephritis. To investigate whether PPARα activation improves the disease activity of MsPGN, we examined the protective effects of a PPARα agonist, clofibrate, in a well-established model of human MsPGN, anti-Thy1 nephritis, for the first time. This study demonstrated that pretreatment with clofibrate (via a 0.02% or 0.1% clofibrate-containing diet) continuously activated the glomerular PPARα, which outweighed the PPARα deterioration associated with the nephritic process. The PPARα activation appeared to suppress the NF-κB signaling pathway in glomeruli by the induction of IκBα, resulting in the reduction of proteinuria and the amelioration of the active inflammatory pathologic glomerular changes. These findings suggest the antinephritic potential of PPARα-related medicines against MsPGN. PPARα-related medicines might be useful as a treatment option for CKD.
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