1
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Xu J, Xi L, Xing S, Sheng J, Li S, Wang L, Kan X, Ma T, Zang Y, Bao B, Zhou Z, Yang M, Gao Y, Wang D, Wang G, Zheng X, Zhang J, Du H, Xu J, Yin W, Zhang Y, Zhou S, Shen B, Wang S. Magnetic Structure-Dependent Spin Texture Lattice in Hexagonal MnFeCoGe Magnets. ACS NANO 2024; 18:24515-24522. [PMID: 39165001 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c08703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Topological spin textures are of great significance in magnetic information storage and spintronics due to their high storage density and low drive current. In this work, the transformation of magnetic configuration from chaotic labyrinth domains to uniform stripe domains was observed in MnFe1-xCoxGe magnets. This change occurs due to the noncollinear magnetic structure switching to a uniaxial ferromagnetic structure with increasing Co content, as identified by neutron diffraction results and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (L-TEM). Of utmost importance, a hexagonal lattice of high-density robust type-II magnetic bubble lattice was established for x = 0.8 through out-of-plane magnetic field stimulation and field-cooling. The dimensions of the type-II magnetic bubbles were found to be tuned by the sample thickness. Therefore, the stabilization of complex magnetic spin textures, associated with enhanced uniaxial ferromagnetic interaction and magnetic dipole-dipole interaction in MnFe1-xCoxGe through magnetic structure manipulation, as further confirmed by the micromagnetic simulations, will provide a convenient and efficient strategy for designing topological spin textures with potential applications in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Lei Xi
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shouyuan Xing
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Junchao Sheng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xucai Kan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tianping Ma
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yipeng Zang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Bin Bao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dingsong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guyue Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinqi Zheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Juping Xu
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Guangdong 523803, China
| | - Wen Yin
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Guangdong 523803, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shiming Zhou
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Baogen Shen
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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2
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Zhang Y, Tang J, Wu Y, Shi M, Xu X, Wang S, Tian M, Du H. Stable skyrmion bundles at room temperature and zero magnetic field in a chiral magnet. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3391. [PMID: 38649678 PMCID: PMC11035646 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Topological spin textures are characterized by magnetic topological charges, Q, which govern their electromagnetic properties. Recent studies have achieved skyrmion bundles with arbitrary integer values of Q, opening possibilities for exploring topological spintronics based on Q. However, the realization of stable skyrmion bundles in chiral magnets at room temperature and zero magnetic field - the prerequisite for realistic device applications - has remained elusive. Here, through the combination of pulsed currents and reversed magnetic fields, we experimentally achieve skyrmion bundles with different integer Q values - reaching a maximum of 24 at above room temperature and zero magnetic field - in the chiral magnet Co8Zn10Mn2. We demonstrate the field-driven annihilation of high-Q bundles and present a phase diagram as a function of temperature and field. Our experimental findings are consistently corroborated by micromagnetic simulations, which reveal the nature of the skyrmion bundle as that of skyrmion tubes encircled by a fractional Hopfion.
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Grants
- This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China, Grant No. 2022YFA1403603 (H.D.); the Natural Science Foundation of China, Grants No. 12174396 (J.T.), 12104123 (Y.W.), and 12241406 (H.D.); the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar, Grant No. 52325105 (H.D.); the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Grant No. 2308085Y32 (J.T.); the Natural Science Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province, Grant No. 2022AH030011 (J.T.); the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. XDB33030100 (H.D.); CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research, Grant No. YSBR-084 (H.D.); Systematic Fundamental Research Program Leveraging Major Scientific and Technological Infrastructure, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Grant No. JZHKYPT-2021-08 (H.D.);Anhui Province Excellent Young Teacher Training Project Grant No. YQZD2023067 (Y.W.); and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant No. 2023M743543 (Y.W.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsen Zhang
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jin Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Yaodong Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Science Island Branch, Graduate School of USTC, Hefei, 230026, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xitong Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Mingliang Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China.
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3
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Lv X, Lv H, Huang Y, Zhang R, Qin G, Dong Y, Liu M, Pei K, Cao G, Zhang J, Lai Y, Che R. Distinct skyrmion phases at room temperature in two-dimensional ferromagnet Fe 3GaTe 2. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3278. [PMID: 38627376 PMCID: PMC11021542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Distinct skyrmion phases at room temperature hosted by one material offer additional degree of freedom for the design of topology-based compact and energetically-efficient spintronic devices. The field has been extended to low-dimensional magnets with the discovery of magnetism in two-dimensional van der Waals magnets. However, creating multiple skyrmion phases in 2D magnets, especially above room temperature, remains a major challenge. Here, we report the experimental observation of mixed-type skyrmions, exhibiting both Bloch and hybrid characteristics, in a room-temperature ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2. Analysis of the magnetic intensities under varied imaging conditions coupled with complementary simulations reveal that spontaneous Bloch skyrmions exist as the magnetic ground state with the coexistence of hybrid stripes domain, on account of the interplay between the dipolar interaction and the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Moreover, hybrid skyrmions are created and their coexisting phases with Bloch skyrmions exhibit considerably high thermostability, enduring up to 328 K. The findings open perspectives for 2D spintronic devices incorporating distinct skyrmion phases at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Hualiang Lv
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | - Yalei Huang
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | | | - Guanhua Qin
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Yihui Dong
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Min Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Ke Pei
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China
| | - Guixin Cao
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
| | | | - Yuxiang Lai
- Pico Electron Microscopy Center, Innovation Institute for Ocean Materials Characterization, Center for Advanced Studies in Precision Instruments, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Renchao Che
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, PR China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311100, China.
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4
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Jiang J, Tang J, Bai T, Wu Y, Qin J, Xia W, Chen R, Yan A, Wang S, Tian M, Du H. Thermal Stability of Skyrmion Tubes in Nanostructured Cuboids. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1587-1593. [PMID: 38259044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions in bulk materials are typically regarded as two-dimensional structures. However, they also exhibit three-dimensional configurations, known as skyrmion tubes, that elongate and extend in-depth. Understanding the configurations and stabilization mechanism of skyrmion tubes is crucial for the development of advanced spintronic devices. However, the generation and annihilation of skyrmion tubes in confined geometries are still rarely reported. Here, we present direct imaging of skyrmion tubes in nanostructured cuboids of a chiral magnet FeGe using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while applying an in-plane magnetic field. It is observed that skyrmion tubes stabilize in a narrow field-temperature region near the Curie temperature (Tc). Through a field cooling process, metastable skyrmion tubes can exist in a larger region of the field-temperature diagram. Combining these experimental findings with micromagnetic simulations, we attribute these phenomena to energy differences and thermal fluctuations. Our results could promote topological spintronic devices based on skyrmion tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Jiang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jin Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tian Bai
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yaodong Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jiazhuan Qin
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Weixing Xia
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Aru Yan
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Mingliang Tian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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5
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Gopi AK, Srivastava AK, Sharma AK, Chakraborty A, Das S, Deniz H, Ernst A, Hazra BK, Meyerheim HL, Parkin SSP. Thickness-Tunable Zoology of Magnetic Spin Textures Observed in Fe 5GeTe 2. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38315563 PMCID: PMC10883052 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The family of two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials provides a playground for tuning structural and magnetic interactions to create a wide variety of spin textures. Of particular interest is the ferromagnetic compound Fe5GeTe2 that we show displays a range of complex spin textures as well as complex crystal structures. Here, using a high-brailliance laboratory X-ray source, we show that the majority (1 × 1) Fe5GeTe2 (FGT5) phase exhibits a structure that was previously considered as being centrosymmetric but rather lacks inversion symmetry. In addition, FGT5 exhibits a minority phase that exhibits a long-range ordered (√3 × √3)-R30° superstructure. This superstructure is highly interesting in that it is innately 2D without any lattice periodicity perpendicular to the vdW layers, and furthermore, the superstructure is a result of ordered Te vacancies in one of the topmost layers of the FGT5 sheets rather than being a result of vertical Fe ordering as earlier suggested. We show, from direct real-space magnetic imaging, evidence for three distinct magnetic ground states in lamellae of FGT5 that are stabilized with increasing lamella thickness, namely, a multidomain state, a stripe phase, and an unusual fractal state. In the stripe phase we also observe unconventional type-I and type-II bubbles where the spin texture in the central region of the bubbles is nonuniform, unlike conventional bubbles. In addition, we find a bobber or a cocoon-like spin texture in thick (∼170 μm) FGT5 that emerges from the fractal state in the presence of a magnetic field. Among all the 2D vdW magnets we have thus demonstrated that FGT5 hosts perhaps the richest variety of magnetic phases that, thereby, make it a highly interesting platform for the subtle tuning of magnetic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajesh K Gopi
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - Abhay K Srivastava
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - Ankit K Sharma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - Souvik Das
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - Hakan Deniz
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - Arthur Ernst
- Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraβe 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Binoy K Hazra
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - Holger L Meyerheim
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
| | - Stuart S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle (Saale) D-06120, Germany
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6
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Tang J, Wu Y, Jiang J, Kong L, Liu W, Wang S, Tian M, Du H. Sewing skyrmion and antiskyrmion by quadrupole of Bloch points. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2919-2923. [PMID: 37949740 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Yaodong Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jialiang Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Lingyao Kong
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Mingliang Tian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
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7
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Tang J, Wu Y, Jiang J, Kong L, Wang S, Tian M, Du H. Skyrmion-Bubble Bundles in an X-Type Sr 2 Co 2 Fe 28 O 46 Hexaferrite above Room Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306117. [PMID: 37668003 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic skyrmions are spin swirls that possess topological nontriviality and are considered particle-like entities. They are distinguished by an integer topological charge Q. The presence of skyrmion bundles provides an opportunity to explore the range of values for Q, which is crucial for the advancement of topological spintronic devices with multi-Q properties. In this study, a new material candidate, Sr2 Co2 Fe28 O46 hexaferrite of the X-type, which hosts small dipolar skyrmions at room temperature and above is presented. By exploiting reversed magnetic fields from metastable skyrmion bubbles at zero fields, skyrmion-bubble bundles with different interior skyrmion/bubble numbers, topological charges, and morphologies at room temperature are incorporated. These experimental findings are consistently supported by micromagnetic simulations. These results highlight the versatility of topological spin textures in centrosymmetric uniaxial magnets, thereby paving the way for the development of room-temperature topological spintronic devices with multi-Q characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Tang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yaodong Wu
- School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jialiang Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Lingyao Kong
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Shouguo Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Magnetic Functional Materials and Devices School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
| | - Mingliang Tian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, 230601, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
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8
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Liu J, Ding B, Liang J, Li X, Yao Y, Wang W. Magnetic Skyrmionic Bubbles at Room Temperature and Sign Reversal of the Topological Hall Effect in a Layered Ferromagnet Cr 0.87Te. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13911-13918. [PMID: 36000915 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The search for materials that exhibit topologically protected spin configurations, such as magnetic skyrmions, continues to be fueled by the promise of outstanding candidate components for spin-based applications. In this study, in situ Lorentz transmission electron microscopy directly images Bloch-type magnetic skyrmionic bubbles in a layered ferromagnet Cr0.87Te single crystal. Owing to the competition between a magnetic dipole interaction and uniaxial easy axis anisotropy, nanoscale magnetic bubbles with random chirality can be observed in a wide temperature range covering room temperature when the external magnetic field is applied along the out-of-plane direction. Moreover, high-density and stable skyrmionic bubbles are successfully realized at zero magnetic field by appropriate field-cooling manipulation. Additionally, a sign reversal of the Hall effect and the derived topological Hall effect is observed and discussed. As quasi-two-dimensional materials, the binary chromium tellurides hosting magnetic skyrmions could have many applications in low-dimensional skyrmion-based spintronic devices in an ambient atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Bei Ding
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinjing Liang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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9
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Meng F, Ge M, Wei W, Rahman A, Liu W, Wang A, Zhao J, Fan J, Ma C, Pi L, Zhang L, Zhang Y. Tricritical-point phase diagram in PrCu 9Sn 4. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:155803. [PMID: 35086086 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4f7c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tricritical phenomenon appearing in multiple phases is a fundamental and attractive issue in condensed-matter physics. In this work, a field-modulated tricritical phenomenon is realized in single-crystal PrCu9Sn4. The magnetization under variable directions of field indicates strong magnetic anisotropy in PrCu9Sn4, which reveals ferromagnetic coupling forH//c. A paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic magnetic transition occurs withH//catTC= 11.7 K, which is evidenced to be of a first-ordered type. The systematical study of the critical behavior gives thatβ= 0.195(8),γ= 0.911(1), andδ= 0.0592(1) forH//cconsistent with a tricritical mean-field model, which suggests a field-modulated tricritical phenomenon. A detailedH-Tphase diagram around the tricritical point (TCP) is constructed for single-crystal PrCu9Sn4forH//c, where ferromagnetic state, forced ferromagnetic phase and paramagnetic state meet at the TCP (Htr= 799 kOe,Ttr= 11.3 K). The single-crystal PrCu9Sn4supplies a platform to deep investigate the field-modulated magnetic couplings and tricritical phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanying Meng
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Ge
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensen Wei
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Azizur Rahman
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Aina Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiyu Fan
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Pi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuheng Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- The High Magnetic Field Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
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10
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Experimental demonstration of skyrmionic magnetic tunnel junction at room temperature. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:691-699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wei W, Tang J, Wu Y, Wang Y, Jiang J, Li J, Soh Y, Xiong Y, Tian M, Du H. Current-Controlled Topological Magnetic Transformations in a Nanostructured Kagome Magnet. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101610. [PMID: 34224181 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Topological magnetic charge Q is a fundamental parameter that describes the magnetic domains and determines their intriguing electromagnetic properties. The ability to switch Q in a controlled way by electrical methods allows for flexible manipulation of electromagnetic behavior in future spintronic devices. Here, the room-temperature current-controlled topological magnetic transformations between Q = -1 skyrmions and Q = 0 stripes or type-II bubbles in a kagome crystal Fe3 Sn2 are reported. It is shown that reproducible and reversible skyrmion-bubble and skyrmion-stripe transformations can be achieved by tuning the density of nanosecond pulsed current of the order of ≈1010 A m-2 . Further numerical simulations suggest that spin-transfer torque combined with Joule thermal heating effects determine the current-induced topological magnetic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensen Wei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jin Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yaodong Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Key Laboratory for Photoelectric Detection Science and Technology of Education Department of Anhui Province, and School of Physics and Materials Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yihao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Jialiang Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Junbo Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Yona Soh
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - Yimin Xiong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Mingliang Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Haifeng Du
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Anhui, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
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