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Di Gaspare A, Song C, Schiattarella C, Li LH, Salih M, Giles Davies A, Linfield EH, Zhang J, Balci O, Ferrari AC, Dhillon S, Vitiello MS. Compact terahertz harmonic generation in the Reststrahlenband using a graphene-embedded metallic split ring resonator array. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2312. [PMID: 38485950 PMCID: PMC10940712 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Harmonic generation is a result of a strong non-linear interaction between light and matter. It is a key technology for optics, as it allows the conversion of optical signals to higher frequencies. Owing to its intrinsically large and electrically tunable non-linear optical response, graphene has been used for high harmonic generation but, until now, only at frequencies < 2 THz, and with high-power ultrafast table-top lasers or accelerator-based structures. Here, we demonstrate third harmonic generation at 9.63 THz by optically pumping single-layer graphene, coupled to a circular split ring resonator (CSRR) array, with a 3.21 THz frequency quantum cascade laser (QCL). Combined with the high graphene nonlinearity, the mode confinement provided by the optically-pumped CSRR enhances the pump power density as well as that at the third harmonic, permitting harmonic generation. This approach enables potential access to a frequency range (6-12 THz) where compact sources remain difficult to obtain, owing to the Reststrahlenband of typical III-V semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chao Song
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Lianhe H Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mohammed Salih
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A Giles Davies
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Edmund H Linfield
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Jincan Zhang
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Osman Balci
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Andrea C Ferrari
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Sukhdeep Dhillon
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Litchinitser NM. Revisiting non-linear Thomson scattering with metamaterials. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad230. [PMID: 38130973 PMCID: PMC10734770 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
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