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Bikangui R, Parkouda S, More A, Magossou Mbadinga MV, Boussoukou IPM, Ondo GN, Nkoma AMM, Adamou R, Honkpehedji YJ, Rossatanga EG, Ushijima Y, Abe H, Lell B, Dejon-Agobé JC, Yasuda J, Adegnika AA. Molecular surveillance for dengue serotypes among the population living in Moyen-Ogooué province, Gabon; evidence of the presence of dengue serotype 1. Virol J 2024; 21:141. [PMID: 38902719 PMCID: PMC11191199 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite dengue virus (DENV) outbreak in Gabon a decade ago, less is known on the potential circulation of DENV serotypes in the country. Previous studies conducted in some areas of the country, are limited to hospital-based surveys which reported the presence of some cases of serotype 2 and 3 seven years ago and more recently the serotype 1. As further investigation, we extend the survey to the community of Moyen Ogooué region with the aim to assess the presence of the dengue virus serotypes, additionally to characterize chikungunya (CHIKV) infection and describe the symptomatology associated with infections. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April 2020 to March 2021. The study included participants of both sexes and any age one year and above, with fever or history of fever in the past seven days until blood collection. Eligible volunteers were clinically examined, and blood sample was collected for the detection of DENV and CHIKV using RT-qPCR. Positive samples were selected for the target sequencing. RESULTS A total of 579 volunteers were included. Their mean age (SD) was 20 (20) years with 55% of them being female. Four cases of DENV infection were diagnosed giving a prevalence of 0.7% (95%CI: 0.2-1.8) in our cohort while no case of CHIKV was detected. The common symptoms and signs presented by the DENV cases included fatigue, arthralgia myalgia, cough, and loss of appetite. DENV-1was the only virus detected by RT-qPCR. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the presence of active dengue infection in the region, particularly DENV-1, and could suggest the decline of DENV-2 and DENV-3. Continuous surveillance remains paramount to comprehensively describe the extent of dengue serotypes distribution in the Moyen-Ogooué region of Gabon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Bikangui
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon.
- École doctorale régionale d'Afrique centrale en Infectiologie tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.
| | | | - Ayong More
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
| | | | | | | | | | - Rafiou Adamou
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Yabo Josiane Honkpehedji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Yuri Ushijima
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Division of Biomedical Science, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Haruka Abe
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Vietnam Research Station, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Bertrand Lell
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Medicine 1, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné (CERMEL), Lambaréné, Gabon
- École doctorale régionale d'Afrique centrale en Infectiologie tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- Fondation pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), Cotonou, Benin
- Institut für Tropenmedizin, Universität Tübingen, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Tübingen, Germany
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Bangoura ST, Hounmenou CG, Sidibé S, Camara SC, Mbaye A, Olive MM, Camara A, Delamou A, Keita AK, Delaporte E, Khanafer N, Touré A. Exploratory analysis of the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of healthcare workers about arboviruses in the context of surveillance in the Republic of Guinea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011814. [PMID: 38048341 PMCID: PMC10721174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The escalating risk and contemporary occurrences of arbovirus infections prompt a critical inquiry into the ability of nations to execute efficient surveillance systems capable to detect, prevent and respond to arbovirus outbreaks. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the major actors in the surveillance of infectious diseases with epidemic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of HCWs regarding arboviruses in the public health facilities of Conakry, Guinea. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the from December 27, 2022, to January 31, 2023, encompassing from public health facilities in Conakry. The data collection process encompassed various aspects, including the characteristics of health facilities, socio-demographic and professional attributes of HCWs, the information received concerning arboviruses and the sources of information, as well as a series of inquiries designed to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes and perceptions. Subsequently, scores were computed for knowledge, attitude and perception. To identify the factors influencing the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of HCWs regarding arboviruses, Decision Tree and Inference Conditional Tree models were used. RESULTS A total of 352 HCWs participated in the study, comprising 219 from national hospitals, 72 from municipal hospitals and 61 from primary health centers. More than half of the respondents (54.3%) had never received information on arboviruses. Only 1% of the respondents had good knowledge about arboviruses, 95.7% had a negative attitude about arboviruses. Moreover, nearly 60% of the respondents had a moderate perception and 24.1% had a good perception. The analysis revealed significant associations between the knowledge and attitudes of respondents concerning arboviruses and their years of professional experience and age. CONCLUSION This study highlights the imperative requirement for comprehensive training targeting HCWs to enhance their capacity for early case detection within healthcare facilities. Additionally, there is a crucial need for analogous studies adopting a mixed-methods approach across all healthcare regions in Guinea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salifou Talassone Bangoura
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Castro Gbêmêmali Hounmenou
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Sidikiba Sidibé
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- African Centre of Excellence in the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Saidouba Cherif Camara
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Aminata Mbaye
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Marie-Marie Olive
- CIRAD, UMR ASTRE, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Alioune Camara
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- African Centre of Excellence in the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Alexandre Delamou
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- African Centre of Excellence in the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases (CEA-PCMT), Faculty of Sciences and Health Techniques, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Alpha-Kabinet Keita
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
| | - Eric Delaporte
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les Maladies Infectieuses (TransVIHMI), University of Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Nagham Khanafer
- PHE3ID Team, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Hygiene, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Abdoulaye Touré
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Public Health, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Gamal Abdel Nasser University, Conakry, Republic of Guinea
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Dutuze MF, Byukusenge M, Shyaka A, Christofferson RC. A systematic review to describe patterns of animal and human viral research in Rwanda. Int Health 2023; 15:113-122. [PMID: 35650601 PMCID: PMC9384174 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rwanda is located in the Central East African region where several viral pathogens with global importance were originally described, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola, Zika, Rift Valley Fever (RVF), dengue and a long list of other neglected tropical viral pathogens. Due to many factors, this region has the potential to become a global hotspot for viral emergence. In Rwanda, viral diseases are underreported and the question is whether this is due to the absence of these viruses or a lack of investigation. Like many developing countries, capabilities in Rwanda need improvement despite research efforts throughout the years. This review describes the status of human and animal virus research in Rwanda and identifies relevant research and operational gaps. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed for virus research in Rwanda: 233 primary studies on viruses/viral diseases are indexed with connection to Rwanda. From 1958 to 2020, yearly publications generally increased and HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the most studied virus. Compared with human viruses, few studies focus on animal and/or zoonotic viruses. The occurrence of the current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic shows strengthening warning and surveillance systems is critical to efficient preparedness and response. We recommend investment in human capacity, laboratory facilities and research to inform policy for viral surveillance in Rwanda.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fausta Dutuze
- Rwanda Institute for Conservation Agriculture, Gashora, Bugesera, Rwanda
| | - Maurice Byukusenge
- Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Anselme Shyaka
- College of Agriculture and Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.,Center for One Health, University of Global Health Equity, 23WV + R53, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Rebecca C Christofferson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Uncovering the Burden of Dengue in Africa: Considerations on Magnitude, Misdiagnosis, and Ancestry. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020233. [PMID: 35215827 PMCID: PMC8877195 DOI: 10.3390/v14020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a re-emerging neglected disease of major public health importance. This review highlights important considerations for dengue disease in Africa, including epidemiology and underestimation of disease burden in African countries, issues with malaria misdiagnosis and co-infections, and potential evidence of genetic protection from severe dengue disease in populations of African descent. The findings indicate that dengue virus prevalence in African countries and populations may be more widespread than reported data suggests, and that the Aedes mosquito vectors appear to be increasing in dissemination and number. Changes in climate, population, and plastic pollution are expected to worsen the dengue situation in Africa. Dengue misdiagnosis is also a problem in Africa, especially due to the typical non-specific clinical presentation of dengue leading to misdiagnosis as malaria. Finally, research suggests that a protective genetic component against severe dengue exists in African descent populations, but further studies should be conducted to strengthen this association in various populations, taking into consideration socioeconomic factors that may contribute to these findings. The main takeaway is that Africa should not be overlooked when it comes to dengue, and more attention and resources should be devoted to this disease in Africa.
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Ngingo BL, Mboera LEG, Chengula A, Machelle I, Makange MR, Msolla M, Mwanyika GO, Rugarabamu S, Misinzo G. Aedes aegypti abundance, larval indices and risk for dengue virus transmission in Kinondoni district, Tanzania. Trop Med Health 2022; 50:1. [PMID: 34980286 PMCID: PMC8725502 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tanzania has experienced periodic dengue outbreaks with increased incidence since 2010. However, there is limited information on vector dynamics and transmission risk in most parts of the country. This study was conducted to determine Aedes mosquito abundance, larval indices and dengue virus infection rate as risk indicators for DENV transmission in Kinondoni district, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in three wards of Kinondoni district in Tanzania between December 2019 and January 2020. In each ward, three streets were randomly selected for adult and immature mosquito sampling. The adult mosquitoes were collected using Mosquito Magnet traps, while mosquito larvae and pupae were inspected in water-holding containers in the selected household compounds. The detection of dengue virus (DENV) in female Aedes mosquitoes was done using a one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS Of the 1416 adult female mosquitoes collected, Ae. aegypti accounted for 16.8% (n = 238). A total of 333 water-holding containers were inspected and 201 (60.4%) had at least an Aedes larvae or pupae. Water-holding containers supporting the breeding of Aedes larvae and pupae included discarded car tires, flowerpots and small and large plastic containers. The overall House Index, Container Index and Breteau Index were 55.1%, 60.4% and 114.2, respectively. None of the 763 female Aedes mosquitoes tested by RT-PCR was found to be infected with DENV. CONCLUSION The presence and abundance Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and the large proportion of water-holding containers infested with the mosquito larvae and pupae put residents of Kinondoni district at high risk of DENV transmission. Our findings emphasize the need for continuous mosquito vector surveillance and control to prevent the possibility of future DENV outbreaks in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baraka L Ngingo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
- Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, St John's University of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania.
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Augustino Chengula
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ines Machelle
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Mariam R Makange
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Michael Msolla
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Gaspary O Mwanyika
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Medical Sciences and Technology, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Sima Rugarabamu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Simo Tchetgna H, Sado Yousseu F, Kamgang B, Tedjou A, McCall PJ, Wondji CS. Concurrent circulation of dengue serotype 1, 2 and 3 among acute febrile patients in Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009860. [PMID: 34695135 PMCID: PMC8568189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute febrile patients presenting at hospitals in Douala, Cameroon between July and December 2020, were screened for dengue infections using real time RT-PCR on fragments of the 5’ and 3’ UTR genomic regions. In total, 12.8% (41/320) of cases examined were positive for dengue. Dengue virus 3 (DENV-3) was the most common serotype found (68.3%), followed by DENV-2 (19.5%) and DENV-1 (4.9%). Co-infections of DENV-3 and DENV-2 were found in 3 cases. Jaundice and headache were the most frequent clinical signs associated with infection and 56% (23/41) of the cases were co-infections with malaria. Phylogenetic analysis of the envelope gene identified DENV-1 as belonging to genotype V, DENV-2 to genotype II and DENV-3 to genotype III. The simultaneous occurrence of three serotypes in Douala reveals dengue as a serious public health threat for Cameroon and highlights the need for further epidemiological studies in the major cities of this region. Acute febrile patients presenting at hospitals in Douala, Cameroon between July and December 2020, were screened for dengue infections by Polymerase chain reaction. In total, 12.8% (41/320) of cases examined were infected by dengue virus. Dengue virus 3 (DENV-3) was the most common serotype found (68.3%), followed by DENV-2 (19.5%) and DENV-1 (4.9%). Co-infections of DENV-3 and DENV-2 were found in 3 cases. Jaundice and headache were the most frequent clinical signs associated with infection and 56% (23/41) of the cases were co-infections with malaria. The simultaneous occurrence of three serotypes in Douala reveals dengue as a serious public health threat for Cameroon and highlights the need for further epidemiological studies in the major cities of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francine Sado Yousseu
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Buéa, Buéa, Cameroon
| | - Basile Kamgang
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Armel Tedjou
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Philip J. McCall
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Charles S. Wondji
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Kampango A, Furu P, Sarath DL, Haji KA, Konradsen F, Schiøler KL, Alifrangis M, Saleh F, Weldon CW. Risk factors for occurrence and abundance of Aedes aegypti and Aedes bromeliae at hotel compounds in Zanzibar. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:544. [PMID: 34686195 PMCID: PMC8539800 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-05005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A field survey was performed to investigate local environmental factors promoting occurrence and abundance of Aedes aegypti and Ae. bromeliae mosquitoes at hotel compounds in the south-east coastal region of Zanzibar Island. METHODS The potential risk factors were determined using generalized linear mixed models. Aedes (Stegomyia) spp. indices such as container index (CI) and pupae per container (PPC) index were also estimated. RESULTS Aedes aegypti and Ae. bromeliae were the most abundant vector species, accounting for 70.8% of all Aedes mosquitoes collected. The highest CI was observed for plastic containers irrespective of the season, whereas the highest PPC was observed for coconut shells and aluminium containers in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. The risk of Aedes mosquito occurrence and abundance were significantly associated with presence of plastic containers, coconut shells, used tyres and steel containers. These were discarded in shaded places, in the open and gardens, or found in plant nurseries. CONCLUSION This study shows that Aedes species of global health significance occur at hotel compounds on this part of Zanzibar Island. The occurrence and abundance are sustained by the presence of abundant and poorly managed solid wastes and containers used for gardening tasks. This highlights an urgent need for the adoption of area-wide environmentally sustainable Aedes mosquito management interventions that also integrate solid waste management and ornamental plant production practices for reducing the risk of arboviral disease epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayubo Kampango
- Sector de Estudos de Vetores, Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Vila de Marracuene, EN1, Parcela N°3943, Província de Maputo, Mozambique
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria (UP), Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Peter Furu
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Divakara L. Sarath
- South Asian Clinical Toxicology Research Collaboration (SACTRC), Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Khamis A. Haji
- Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme (ZAMEP), Unguja Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Flemming Konradsen
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin L. Schiøler
- Global Health Section, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Alifrangis
- Center for Medical Parasitology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fatma Saleh
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Health and Medical Sciences, The State University of Zanzibar, Unguja Island, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Christopher W. Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria (UP), Hatfield, South Africa
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Shauri HS, Ngadaya E, Senkoro M, Buza JJ, Mfinanga S. Seroprevalence of Dengue and Chikungunya antibodies among blood donors in Dar es Salaam and Zanzibar, Tanzania: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:911. [PMID: 34488666 PMCID: PMC8419936 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential shift of major causes of febrile illnesses from malaria to non-malarial febrile illnesses, including arboviral diseases such as chikungunya and dengue, is of concern. The last outbreaks of these infections were reported in 2018 and 2019 for chikungunya in Zanzibar and dengue in Dar es Salaam. We conducted a cross-sectional study that involved serological testing of stored blood samples from the blood banks in Temeke Referral Hospital in Dar es Salaam and the National Blood Bank Unit in Zanzibar. The samples were collected from Zanzibar and Dar es Salaam donors in May and June 2020, respectively. A total of 281 samples were included in the study, and their demographic information extracted from the registers. The samples were then transported to Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences at the Microbiology Laboratory. They were subjected to an indirect ELISA to detect IgG and IgM against dengue and chikungunya viruses. RESULTS Seropositive IgM samples from Dar es Salaam were 3/101 (2.97%) for chikungunya and 1/101 (0.9%) for dengue, while samples from Zanzibar were all IgM negative for both viruses. Chikungunya IgG seropositivity was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in Dar es Salaam 21/101 (21.2%) than Zanzibar 22/180 (12.2%). There was no difference in dengue IgG seropositivity between Dar es Salaam 44/101 (43.5%) and Zanzibar 68/180 (37.8%). Similarly, dual IgG seropositivity for both dengue and chikungunya viruses were not different between Dar es Salaam 13/101 (12.9%) and Zanzibar 11/180 (6.1%). CONCLUSION Detection of IgM for dengue and chikungunya in Dar es Salaam indicates recent or ongoing transmission of the two viruses in the absence of a reported outbreak. These findings suggest the possibility of transmission of the two infections through blood transfusion. Detection of IgG antibodies for dengue and chikungunya viruses might be contributed by both; the ongoing infections and residual responses caused by preceding infections in the country. Results from blood banks may represent the tip of the iceberg. Further studies are needed to gain insight into the actual burden of the two diseases in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haliya S Shauri
- Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology Arusha, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Esther Ngadaya
- National Institute for Medical Research Muhimbili, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mbazi Senkoro
- National Institute for Medical Research Muhimbili, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Joram J Buza
- Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology Arusha, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Sayoki Mfinanga
- Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology Arusha, Arusha, Tanzania
- National Institute for Medical Research Muhimbili, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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Mwanyika GO, Sindato C, Rugarabamu S, Rumisha SF, Karimuribo ED, Misinzo G, Rweyemamu MM, Abdel Hamid MM, Haider N, Vairo F, Kock R, Mboera LEG. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika in eight districts in Tanzania. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 111:271-280. [PMID: 34428546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses in Tanzania. METHODS The study covered the districts of Buhigwe, Kalambo, Kilindi, Kinondoni, Kondoa, Kyela, Mvomero, and Ukerewe in Tanzania. Blood samples were collected from individuals recruited from households and healthcare facilities. An ELISA was used to screen for immunoglobulin G antibodies against CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. RESULTS A total of 1818 participants (median age 34 years) were recruited. The overall CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV seroprevalence rates were 28.0%, 16.1%, and 6.8%, respectively. CHIKV prevalence was highest in Buhigwe (46.8%), DENV in Kinondoni (43.8%), and ZIKV in Ukerewe (10.6%) and Mvomero (10.6%). Increasing age and frequent mosquito bites were significantly associated with CHIKV and DENV seropositivity (P < 0.05). Having piped water or the presence of stagnant water around the home (P < 0.01) were associated with higher odds of DENV seropositivity. Fever was significantly associated with increased odds of CHIKV seropositivity (P < 0.001). Visiting mines had higher odds of ZIKV seropositivity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV are circulating in diverse ecological zones of Tanzania. There is a need to strengthen the control of mosquito-borne viral diseases in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspary O Mwanyika
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Calvin Sindato
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora Research Centre, Tabora, Tanzania.
| | - Sima Rugarabamu
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Susan F Rumisha
- National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malaria Atlas Project, Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia.
| | - Esron D Karimuribo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Mark M Rweyemamu
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Muzamil M Abdel Hamid
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Campus, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Najmul Haider
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Vairo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
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Mburu CM, Bukachi SA, Shilabukha K, Tokpa KH, Ezekiel M, Fokou G, Bonfoh B, Kazwala R. Determinants of treatment-seeking behavior during self-reported febrile illness episodes using the socio-ecological model in Kilombero District, Tanzania. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1075. [PMID: 34090402 PMCID: PMC8180143 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa cause acute and chronic illness. Co-infections are common and these diseases have a complex etiology that includes zoonoses. For the implementation of appropriate treatment and control strategies, determinants of lay treatment-seeking behavior by the affected communities need to be understood. The objective of this study was to explore, using the socio-ecological model, the determinants of treatment-seeking actions among self-identified febrile illness cases in the Kilombero District of Tanzania. Methods Thirty-nine in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 men and 11 women in three villages in Kilombero district. These villages were purposively selected due to malaria endemicity in the area, animal husbandry practices, and proximity to livestock-wildlife interaction, all risk factors for contracting febrile zoonotic infections. Thematic analysis was conducted on the interviews to identify the key determinants of treatment-seeking actions. Results Study participants attributed febrile illnesses to malaria, typhoid and urinary tract infections. Treatment-seeking behavior was an iterative process, influenced by individual, socio-cultural, ecological and policy factors. Age, expendable income, previous history with a febrile illness, perceptions on disease severity, seasonal livelihood activities and access to timely healthcare were some of the determinants. Self-treatment with pharmaceutical drugs and herbs was usually the initial course of action. Formal healthcare was sought only when self-treatment failed and traditional healers were consulted after the perceived failure of conventional treatment. Delays in seeking appropriate health care and the consultation of medically unqualified individuals was very common. Conclusion The results imply that treatment-seeking behavior is shaped by multiple factors across all levels of the socio-ecological model. Public policy efforts need to focus on facilitating prompt health care seeking through community education on the complicated etiology of febrile illnesses. Improved access to timely treatment and better differential diagnostics by health professionals are essential to ensure correct and appropriate treatment and to reduce reliance of patients on unqualified persons. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11027-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Mburu
- Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Salome A Bukachi
- Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Khamati Shilabukha
- Institute of Anthropology, Gender and African Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kathrin H Tokpa
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mangi Ezekiel
- Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Gilbert Fokou
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Bassirou Bonfoh
- Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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11
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Sirisena P, Mahilkar S, Sharma C, Jain J, Sunil S. Concurrent dengue infections: Epidemiology & clinical implications. Indian J Med Res 2021; 154:669-679. [PMID: 35532585 PMCID: PMC9210535 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1219_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes circulating in a geographical area most often lead to simultaneous infection of two or more serotypes in a single individual. The occurrence of such concurrent infections ranges from 2.5 to 30 per cent, reaching as high as 40-50 per cent in certain dengue hyper-endemic areas. Concurrent dengue manifests itself differently than mono-infected patients, and it becomes even more important to understand the effects of co-infecting serotypes in concurrent infections to ascertain the clinical outcomes of the disease progression and transmission. In addition, there have also been reports of concurrent DENV infections in the presence of other arboviral infections. In this review, we provide a comprehensive breakdown of concurrent dengue infections globally. Furthermore, this review also touches upon the clinical presentations during those concurrent infections categorized as mild or severe forms of disease presentation. Another aspect of this review was aimed at providing insight into the concurrent dengue incidences in the presence of other arboviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.D.N.N. Sirisena
- ImmunifyMe Healthcare Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Altrade Business Centre, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Shakuntala Mahilkar
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaspreet Jain
- Human Retrovirology Laboratory, Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Diseases Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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12
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Mwanyika GO, Mboera LEG, Rugarabamu S, Ngingo B, Sindato C, Lutwama JJ, Paweska JT, Misinzo G. Dengue Virus Infection and Associated Risk Factors in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2021; 13:536. [PMID: 33804839 PMCID: PMC8063827 DOI: 10.3390/v13040536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue contributes a significant burden on global public health and economies. In Africa, the burden of dengue virus (DENV) infection is not well described. This review was undertaken to determine the prevalence of dengue and associated risk factors. A literature search was done on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar databases to identify articles published between 1960 and 2020. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effect model at a 95% confidence interval, followed by subgroup meta-analysis to determine the overall prevalence. Between 1960 and 2020, 45 outbreaks were identified, of which 17 and 16 occurred in East and West Africa, respectively. Dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV-1) and DENV-2 were the dominant serotypes contributing to 60% of the epidemics. Of 2211 cases reported between 2009 and 2020; 1954 (88.4%) were reported during outbreaks. Overall, the prevalence of dengue was 29% (95% CI: 20-39%) and 3% (95% CI: 1-5%) during the outbreak and non-outbreak periods, respectively. Old age (6/21 studies), lack of mosquito control (6/21), urban residence (4/21), climate change (3/21), and recent history of travel (3/21) were the leading risk factors. This review reports a high burden of dengue and increased risk of severe disease in Africa. Our findings provide useful information for clinical practice and health policy decisions to implement effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspary O. Mwanyika
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015 Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Mbeya University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 131 Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Leonard E. G. Mboera
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Sima Rugarabamu
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015 Morogoro, Tanzania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65595 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Baraka Ngingo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Biology Department, St. John’s University of Tanzania, P.O. Box 47 Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Calvin Sindato
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Tabora Research Centre, National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 482 Tabora, Tanzania
| | - Julius J. Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Uganda Virus Research Institute, P.O. Box 49 Entebbe, Uganda;
| | - Janusz T. Paweska
- National Health Laboratory Service, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, 2192 Johannesburg, South Africa;
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Africa Centre of Excellence for Infectious Diseases, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3297 Morogoro, Tanzania; (G.O.M.); (L.E.G.M.); (S.R.); (B.N.); (C.S.)
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3015 Morogoro, Tanzania
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