1
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Cheong A, Craciun F, Husson H, Gans J, Escobedo J, Chang YC, Guo L, Goncalves M, Kaplan N, Smith LA, Moreno S, Boulanger J, Liu S, Saleh J, Zhang M, Blazier AS, Qiu W, Macklin A, Iyyanki T, Chatelain C, Khader S, Natoli TA, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Ofengeim D, Proto JD. Glucosylceramide synthase modulation ameliorates murine renal pathologies and promotes macrophage effector function in vitro. Commun Biol 2024; 7:932. [PMID: 39095617 PMCID: PMC11297156 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
While significant advances have been made in understanding renal pathophysiology, less is known about the role of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism in driving organ dysfunction. Here, we used a small molecule inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase to modulate GSL levels in three mouse models of distinct renal pathologies: Alport syndrome (Col4a3 KO), polycystic kidney disease (Nek8jck), and steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (Nphs2 cKO). At the tissue level, we identified a core immune-enriched transcriptional signature that was shared across models and enriched in human polycystic kidney disease. Single nuclei analysis identified robust transcriptional changes across multiple kidney cell types, including epithelial and immune lineages. To further explore the role of GSL modulation in macrophage biology, we performed in vitro studies with homeostatic and inflammatory bone marrow-derived macrophages. Cumulatively, this study provides a comprehensive overview of renal dysfunction and the effect of GSL modulation on kidney-derived cells in the setting of renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Cheong
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | - Hervé Husson
- Genomics Medicine Unit, Sanofi, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Gans
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Lilu Guo
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Nathan Kaplan
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Laurie A Smith
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Moreno
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Boulanger
- Research and Development Business Office, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shiguang Liu
- Rare Diseases and Rare Blood Disorders Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Saleh
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Translational Sciences, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna S Blazier
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Weiliang Qiu
- Non-Clinical Efficacy & Safety, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Macklin
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tejaswi Iyyanki
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clément Chatelain
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shameer Khader
- Precision Medicine and Computational Biology, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas A Natoli
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan D Proto
- Rare and Neurologic Diseases Research, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Prencipe F, Barzan C, Savian C, Spalluto G, Carosati E, De Amici M, Mosconi G, Gianferrara T, Federico S, Da Ros T. Gaucher Disease: A Glance from a Medicinal Chemistry Perspective. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300641. [PMID: 38329692 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Rare diseases are particular pathological conditions affecting a limited number of people and few drugs are known to be effective as therapeutic treatment. Gaucher disease, caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase, belongs to this class of disorders, and it is considered the most common among the Lysosomal Storage Diseases. The two main therapeutic approaches are the Enzyme Replacement Therapy (ERT) and the Substrate Reduction Therapy (SRT). ERT, consisting in replacing the defective enzyme by administering a recombinant enzyme, is effective in alleviating the visceral symptoms, hallmarks of the most common subtype of the disease whereas it has no effects when symptoms involve CNS, since the recombinant protein is unable to significantly cross the Blood Brain Barrier. The SRT strategy involves inhibiting glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), the enzyme responsible for the production of the associated storage molecule. The rational design of new inhibitors of GCS has been hampered by the lack of either the crystal structure of the enzyme or an in-silico model of the active site which could provide important information regarding the interactions of potential inhibitors with the target, but, despite this, interesting results have been obtained and are herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Prencipe
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Barzan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Molecular Genetics Institute, CNR Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Savian
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Carosati
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marco De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milano Via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mosconi
- Fidia Farmaceutici Via Ponte della Fabbrica 3/A, 35021, Abano Terme, Italy
| | - Teresa Gianferrara
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tatiana Da Ros
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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3
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Walker MT, Ferrie RP, Hoji A, Schroeder-Carter LM, Cohen JD, Schnaar RL, Cook-Mills JM. β-Glucosylceramide From Allergic Mothers Enhances Offspring Responsiveness to Allergen. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2. [PMID: 34368802 PMCID: PMC8345025 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.647134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals and humans, offspring of allergic mothers have increased responsiveness to allergen and the allergen-specificity of the offspring can be different than that of the mother. In our preclinical models, the mother's allergic responses influence development of the fetus and offspring by elevating numbers of cells in dendritic cell subsets. A major question is the identity of maternal factors of allergic mothers that alter offspring development of responsiveness to allergen. Lipids are altered during allergic responses and lipids are transported to the fetus for growth and formation of fetal membranes. We hypothesized that pro-inflammatory lipids, that are elevated in allergic mothers, are transported to the fetus and regulate fetal immune development. We demonstrate in this report that there was a significant 2-fold increase in β-glucosylceramides (βGlcCer) in allergic mothers, the fetal liver and her offspring. The βGlcCer were transported from mother's plasma, across the placenta, to the fetus and in breastmilk to the offspring. Administration of βGlcCer to non-allergic mothers was sufficient for offspring responses to allergen. Importantly, maternal administration of a clinically relevant pharmacological inhibitor of βGlcCer synthase returned βGlcCer to normal levels in the allergic mothers and her offspring and blocked the offspring increase in dendritic cell subsets and offspring allergen responsiveness. In summary, allergic mothers had increased βGlcCer that was transported to offspring and mediated increases in offspring DCs and responsiveness to allergen. These data have a significant impact on our understanding of mechanisms for development of allergies in offspring of allergic mothers and have the potential to lead to novel interventions that significantly impact risk for allergic disease early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Walker
- Allergy/Immunology Division, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ryan P Ferrie
- Allergy/Immunology Division, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aki Hoji
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsay M Schroeder-Carter
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jacob D Cohen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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4
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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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5
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Abstract
The experimental approach to deplete cellular glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with the specific inhibitors of glycosphingolipid biosynthesis has the potential to identify functions of endogenous GSLs. Most GSLs are derived from glucosylceramide (GlcCer). D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (D-PDMP) inhibits GIcCer synthase and has been used extensively to study the biological functions of living cells. D-PDMP inhibits mTORC1 activity, which is independent of its inhibitory activity on GlcCer synthase. We also developed an analog of D-PDMP, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-benzyloxycarbonylamino-3-pyrrolidino-1-propanol (D-PBPP) lacking the effect on mTORC1. Here, we summarize the effects of D-PDMP and D-PBPP on the metabolism of GSLs and cell growth.
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6
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Ode T, Podyma-Inoue KA, Terasawa K, Inokuchi JI, Kobayashi T, Watabe T, Izumi Y, Hara-Yokoyama M. PDMP, a ceramide analogue, acts as an inhibitor of mTORC1 by inducing its translocation from lysosome to endoplasmic reticulum. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:103-114. [PMID: 27865938 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth, metabolism, and cell differentiation. Recent studies have revealed that the recruitment of mTORC1 to lysosomes is essential for its activation. The ceramide analogue 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP), a well known glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, also affects the structures and functions of various organelles, including lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We investigated whether PDMP regulates the mTORC1 activity through its effects on organellar behavior. PDMP induced the translocation of mTORC1 from late endosomes/lysosomes, leading to the dissociation of mTORC1 from its activator Rheb in MC3T3-E1 cells. Surprisingly, we found mTORC1 translocation to the ER upon PDMP treatment. This effect of PDMP was independent of its action as the inhibitor, since two stereoisomers of PDMP, with and without the inhibitor activity, showed essentially the same effect. We confirmed that PDMP inhibits the mTORC1 activity based on the decrease in the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase, a downstream target of mTORC1, and the increase in LC3 puncta, reflecting autophagosome formation. Furthermore, PDMP inhibited the mTORC1-dependent osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Accordingly, the present results reveal a novel mechanism of PDMP, which inhibits the mTORC1 activity by inducing the translocation of mTOR from lysosomes to the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ode
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Katarzyna A Podyma-Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazue Terasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Hara-Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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7
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Suzuki M, Cao K, Kato S, Komizu Y, Mizutani N, Tanaka K, Arima C, Tai MC, Yanagisawa K, Togawa N, Shiraishi T, Usami N, Taniguchi T, Fukui T, Yokoi K, Wakahara K, Hasegawa Y, Mizutani Y, Igarashi Y, Inokuchi JI, Iwaki S, Fujii S, Satou A, Matsumoto Y, Ueoka R, Tamiya-Koizumi K, Murate T, Nakamura M, Kyogashima M, Takahashi T. Targeting ceramide synthase 6-dependent metastasis-prone phenotype in lung cancer cells. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:254-65. [PMID: 26650179 DOI: 10.1172/jci79775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids make up a family of molecules associated with an array of biological functions, including cell death and migration. Sphingolipids are often altered in cancer, though how these alterations lead to tumor formation and progression is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens and cell lines and determined that ceramide synthase 6 (CERS6) is markedly overexpressed compared with controls. Elevated CERS6 expression was due in part to reduction of microRNA-101 (miR-101) and was associated with increased invasion and poor prognosis. CERS6 knockdown in NSCLC cells altered the ceramide profile, resulting in decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro, and decreased the frequency of RAC1-positive lamellipodia formation while CERS6 overexpression promoted it. In murine models, CERS6 knockdown in transplanted NSCLC cells attenuated lung metastasis. Furthermore, combined treatment with l-α-dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine liposome and the glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor D-PDMP induced cell death in association with ceramide accumulation and promoted cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression in murine models. Together, these results indicate that CERS6-dependent ceramide synthesis and maintenance of ceramide in the cellular membrane are essential for lamellipodia formation and metastasis. Moreover, these results suggest that targeting this homeostasis has potential as a therapeutic strategy for CERS6-overexpressing NSCLC.
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8
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Larsen SD, Wilson MW, Abe A, Shu L, George CH, Kirchhoff P, Showalter HDH, Xiang J, Keep RF, Shayman JA. Property-based design of a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor that reduces glucosylceramide in the brain. J Lipid Res 2011; 53:282-91. [PMID: 22058426 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m021261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis inhibition is the basis for the treatment of type 1 Gaucher disease by the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor eliglustat tartrate. However, the extended use of eliglustat and related compounds for the treatment of glycosphingolipid storage diseases with CNS manifestations is limited by the lack of brain penetration of this drug. Property modeling around the D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-propanol (PDMP) pharmacophore was employed in a search for compounds of comparable activity against the GCS but lacking P-glycoprotein (MDR1) recognition. Modifications of the carboxamide N-acyl group were made to lower total polar surface area and rotatable bond number. Compounds were screened for inhibition of GCS in crude enzyme and whole cell assays and for MDR1 substrate recognition. One analog, 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)-N-((1R,2R)-1-(2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-1-hydroxy-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-2-yl)acetamide (CCG-203586), was identified that inhibited GCS at low nanomolar concentrations with little to no apparent recognition by MDR1. Intraperitoneal administration of this compound to mice for 3 days resulted in a significant dose dependent decrease in brain glucosylceramide content, an effect not seen in mice dosed in parallel with eliglustat tartrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Larsen
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core - Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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9
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Ghisaidoobe A, Bikker P, de Bruijn ACJ, Godschalk FD, Rogaar E, Guijt MC, Hagens P, Halma JM, van't Hart SM, Luitjens SB, van Rixel VHS, Wijzenbroek M, Zweegers T, Donker-Koopman WE, Strijland A, Boot R, van der Marel G, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG, van den Berg RJBHN. Identification of potent and selective glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors from a library of N-alkylated iminosugars. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:119-23. [PMID: 24900289 DOI: 10.1021/ml100192b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) is an important target for clinical drug development for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders and a promising target for combating type 2 diabetes. Iminosugars are useful leads for the development of GCS inhibitors; however, the effective iminosugar type GCS inhibitors reported have some unwanted cross-reactivity toward other glyco-processing enzymes. In particular, iminosugar type GCS inhibitors often also inhibit to some extent human acid glucosylceramidase (GBA1) and the nonlysosomal glucosylceramidase (GBA2), the two enzymes known to process glucosylceramide. Of these, GBA1 itself is a potential drug target for the treatment of the lysosomal storage disorder, Gaucher disease, and selective GBA1 inhibitors are sought after as potential chemical chaperones. The physiological importance of GBA2 in glucosylceramide processing in relation to disease states is less clear, and here, selective inhibitors can be of use as chemical knockout entities. In this communication, we report our identification of a highly potent and selective N-alkylated l-ido-configured iminosugar. In particular, the selectivity of 27 for GCS over GBA1 is striking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Ghisaidoobe
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter Bikker
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C. J. de Bruijn
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frithjof D. Godschalk
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Rogaar
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke C. Guijt
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Hagens
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jerre M. Halma
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M. van't Hart
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn B. Luitjens
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent H. S. van Rixel
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Wijzenbroek
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thor Zweegers
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anneke Strijland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf Boot
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van der Marel
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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10
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Wennekes T, van den Berg RJBHN, Boot RG, van der Marel GA, Overkleeft HS, Aerts JMFG. Glycosphingolipids--nature, function, and pharmacological modulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 48:8848-69. [PMID: 19862781 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200902620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of the glycosphingolipids is generally attributed to Johan L. W. Thudichum, who in 1884 published on the chemical composition of the brain. In his studies he isolated several compounds from ethanolic brain extracts which he coined cerebrosides. He subjected one of these, phrenosin (now known as galactosylceramide), to acid hydrolysis, and this produced three distinct components. One he identified as a fatty acid and another proved to be an isomer of D-glucose, which is now known as D-galactose. The third component, with an "alkaloidal nature", presented "many enigmas" to Thudichum, and therefore he named it sphingosine, after the mythological riddle of the Sphinx. Today, sphingolipids and their glycosidated derivatives are the subjects of intense study aimed at elucidating their role in the structural integrity of the cell membrane, their participation in recognition and signaling events, and in particular their involvement in pathological processes that are at the basis of human disease (for example, sphingolipidoses and diabetes type 2). This Review details some of the recent findings on the biosynthesis, function, and degradation of glycosphingolipids in man, with a focus on the glycosphingolipid glucosylceramide. Special attention is paid to the clinical relevance of compounds directed at interfering with the factors responsible for glycosphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wennekes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Wennekes T, van den Berg R, Boot R, van der Marel G, Overkleeft H, Aerts J. Glycosphingolipide - Natur, Funktion und pharmakologische Modulierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200902620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Zama K, Hayashi Y, Ito S, Hirabayashi Y, Inoue T, Ohno K, Okino N, Ito M. Simultaneous quantification of glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide by normal-phase HPLC using O-phtalaldehyde derivatives prepared with sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase. Glycobiology 2009; 19:767-75. [PMID: 19411660 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a method of simultaneously quantifying glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and galactosylceramide (GalCer) by normal-phase HPLC using O-phtalaldehyde derivatives. Treatment with sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase which converts the cerebrosides in the sample to their lyso-forms was followed by the quantitative labeling of free NH(2) groups of the lyso-cerebrosides with O-phtalaldehyde. Using this method, 14.1 pmol of GlcCer and 10.4 pmol of GalCer, and 108.1 pmol of GlcCer and 191.1 pmol of GalCer were detected in zebrafish embryos and RPMI 1864 cells, respectively, while 22.2 pmol of GlcCer but no GalCer was detected in CHOP cells using cell lysate containing 100 microg of protein. Linearity for the determination of each cerebroside was observed from 50 to 400 microg of protein under the conditions used, which corresponds to approximately 10(3) to 10(5) RPMI cells and 5 to 80 zebrafish embryos. The present method clearly revealed that the treatment of RPMI cells with a GlcCer synthase inhibitor P4 resulted in a marked decrease in GlcCer but not GalCer, concomitantly with a significant decrease in the GlcCer synthase activity. On the other hand, GlcCer but not GalCer increased 2-fold when an acid glucocerebrosidase inhibitor CBE was injected into zebrafish embryos. Interestingly, the treatment of CHOP cells with ciclosporin A increased GlcCer possibly due to the inhibition of LacCer synthase. A significant increase in levels of GlcCer in fibroblasts from patients with Gaucher disease was clearly shown by the method. The proposed method is useful for the determination of GlcCer and GalCer levels in various biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Zama
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Inokuchi JI, Kabayama K. Modulation of Growth Factor Receptors in Membrane Microdomains. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2008. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.20.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Radin NS. Allylic structures in cancer drugs and body metabolites that control cell life and death. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:809-21. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.6.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sato T, Zakaria AM, Uemura S, Ishii A, Ohno-Iwashita Y, Igarashi Y, Inokuchi JI. Role for up-regulated ganglioside biosynthesis and association of Src family kinases with microdomains in retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Glycobiology 2005; 15:687-99. [PMID: 15788739 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwi055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells have been widely used as a model for studying the mechanism of embryonic differentiation, because they are similar to the inner cell mass of early mouse embryos and can differentiate into primitive endoderm (PrE) following retinoic acid (RA) treatment. During F9 cell differentiation, the carbohydrate chains of glycoproteins and their corresponding glycosyltransferases are known to undergo rapid changes. However, there have been no corresponding reports on the expression of gangliosides. We have developed a custom cDNA array that is highly sensitive for the genes responsible for sphingolipid (SL) biosynthesis and metabolism. Using this, we found that, of the 28 selected genes, 26 exhibited increased expression during F9 differentiation into PrE. Although neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were expressed at similar levels before and after differentiation, a greater than 20-fold increase in total ganglioside content was evident in PrE. Glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors (d-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol [d-PDMP] and its analog) depleted gangliosides and this resulted in delayed expression of Disabled-2 (Dab-2), suggesting the involvement of gangliosides in F9 cell differentiation. Disruption of cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) also delayed differentiation. Both MbetaCD and d-PDMP blocked the accumulation of Src family kinases (SFKs) to microdomains. However, d-PDMP did not block flotillin accumulation, yet MbetaCD did. Additionally, confocal laser microscopy revealed the formation of distinct functional microdomains integrating SFKs with gangliosides and cholesterol during PrE differentiation. Thus, we demonstrate the outstanding up-regulation of ganglioside biosynthesis and its importance in the formation of distinct microdomains incorporating SFKs with gangliosides during RA-induced differentiation of F9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashige Sato
- Department of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Hokkaido University, Kita 21-Nishi 10, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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Husain A, Ganem B. syn -Selective additions to Garner aldehyde: synthesis of a potent glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)02096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Levery SB, Momany M, Lindsey R, Toledo MS, Shayman JA, Fuller M, Brooks K, Doong RL, Straus AH, Takahashi HK. Disruption of the glucosylceramide biosynthetic pathway in Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus by inhibitors of UDP-Glc:ceramide glucosyltransferase strongly affects spore germination, cell cycle, and hyphal growth. FEBS Lett 2002; 525:59-64. [PMID: 12163162 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic mycopathogen Aspergillus fumigatus expresses both glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide (GlcCer and GalCer), but their functional significance in Aspergillus species is unknown. We here identified and characterized a GlcCer from Aspergillus nidulans, a non-pathogenic model fungus. Involvement of GlcCer in fungal development was tested on both species using a family of compounds known to inhibit GlcCer synthase in mammals. Two analogs, D-threo-1-phenyl-2-palmitoyl-3-pyrrolidinopropanol (P4) and D-threo-3',4'-ethylenedioxy-P4, strongly inhibited germination and hyphal growth. Neutral lipids from A. fumigatus cultured in the presence of these inhibitors displayed a significantly reduced GlcCer/GalCer ratio. These results suggest that synthesis of GlcCer is essential for normal development of A. fumigatus and A. nidulans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Levery
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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Tagami S, Inokuchi Ji JI, Kabayama K, Yoshimura H, Kitamura F, Uemura S, Ogawa C, Ishii A, Saito M, Ohtsuka Y, Sakaue S, Igarashi Y. Ganglioside GM3 participates in the pathological conditions of insulin resistance. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:3085-92. [PMID: 11707432 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m103705200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are known as modulators of transmembrane signaling by regulating various receptor functions. We have found that insulin resistance induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was accompanied by increased GM3 ganglioside expression caused by elevating GM3 synthase activity and its mRNA. We also demonstrated that TNF-alpha simultaneously produced insulin resistance by uncoupling insulin receptor activity toward insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and suppressing insulin-sensitive glucose transport. Pharmacological depletion of GM3 in adipocytes by an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase prevented the TNF-alpha-induced defect in insulin-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and also counteracted the TNF-alpha-induced serine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Moreover, when the adipocytes were incubated with exogenous GM3, suppression of tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor and IRS-1 and glucose uptake in response to insulin stimulation was observed, demonstrating that GM3 itself is able to mimic the effects of TNF on insulin signaling. We used the obese Zucker fa/fa rat and ob/ob mouse, which are known to overproduce TNF-alpha mRNA in adipose tissues, as typical models of insulin resistance. We found that the levels of GM3 synthase mRNA in adipose tissues of these animals were significantly higher than in their lean counterparts. Taken together, the increased synthesis of cellular GM3 by TNF may participate in the pathological conditions of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Tagami
- First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita 15-jo, Nishi 7-chome, Kita-ku, Japan
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Inokuchi JI, Uemura S, Kabayama K, Igarashi Y. Glycosphingolipid deficiency affects functional microdomain formation in Lewis lung carcinoma cells. Glycoconj J 2000; 17:239-45. [PMID: 11201796 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026549525628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In view of the increasing evidence that gangliosides in membrane microdomains or rafts are closely associated with various signal transducing molecules including Src family kinases, we compared rafts in two subclones of 3LL mouse lung carcinoma cell line, J18 and J5, characterized by high and very low GM3 ganglioside contents, respectively. Rafts were isolated from cell lysates as low density detergent-insoluble microdomains (DIM) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. J5 and J18 cells expressed comparable amounts of Src family kinases and the majority of Src kinases in both clones were concentrated in their DIMs, suggesting that GM3 is not necessary for DIM localization of Src kinases and there is no direct interaction between Src and GM3. However, the Src kinases were eliminated from DIMs after depletion of the major neutral GSLs of J5 cells, glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide, by an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase (D-PDMP), indicating that GSLs in general are required for Src kinase association to DIM. J5 and the D-PDMP-treated J5 cells had very similar DIM protein profiles and moreover cholesterol and sphingomyelin in the GSL-depleted cells were enriched in DIM similar to the untreated control cells. Interestingly, the levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated DIM proteins and cell proliferation of J5 cells were much lower than those of J18 cells, suggesting that GM3 might be involved in tyrosine phosphorylation of DIM proteins required for cell growth. Thus, our data suggest that GSLs are essential for functional raft formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Inokuchi
- Department of Biomembrane and Biofunctional Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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