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Gulati R, Rychlik K, Wild JT, LaBella CR. Rhythmic gymnasts' injuries in a pediatric sports medicine clinic in the United States: a 10-year retrospective chart review. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:454-460. [PMID: 35135415 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2022.2040890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rhythmic gymnastics injuries have not been studied thoroughly especially in the United States. Existing research studies are predominantly from Europe or Canada or from more than 15 years ago. The purpose of our study was to provide an updated description of injury patterns among rhythmic gymnasts in the United States. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of 193 rhythmic gymnastics injuries in 79 females, ages 6-20. Patients were seen between January 2010 and March 2020 in a hospital-based pediatric sports medicine clinic. Gymnast demographics, injury locations, and injury types were collected as available. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analysis was performed using general linear mixed models. RESULTS Our cohort had a mean age of 14.61 ± 2.61 years. Overuse injuries (76.7%) were more common than acute injuries (23.3%). The most common injury types were strain (20.7%), nonspecific pain (15.5%), and tendinitis/tenosynovitis (10.36%). The most frequently injured body regions were lower extremity (75.1%), followed by trunk/back (19.2%), upper extremity (4.7%), and head/neck (1.0%). The most common injured body parts were foot (24.9%), ankle (15.5%), knee (15.0%), lower back (14.0%), and hip (13.0%). General linear mixed models revealed that older age (p = 0.001) and higher competitive level (p = 0.016) were associated with a greater number of diagnoses. Gymnasts with foot injuries were older than gymnasts with ankle (p = 0.026), hip (p < 0.0001), and knee (p = 0.002) injuries. Gymnasts with higher BMI-for-age percentile were more likely to have acute injuries than overuse (p = 0.035). CONCLUSION Our data showed that injuries among rhythmic gymnasts were most frequently located in the lower extremities, specifically the foot, followed by trunk/back. Additionally, the most frequent injury types were strains and nonspecific pain, and overuse was the most prevalent mechanism. Gymnasts with foot injuries were older than gymnasts with ankle, hip, and knee injuries. Higher BMI is a predictor of acute injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeti Gulati
- Medical Student, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Karen Rychlik
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Unites States
| | - Jacob Thomas Wild
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Cynthia R LaBella
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Nutritional Status and Physical Activity Levels and a Sports Injury Reported in Children: A Seven-Year Follow-Up Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14040870. [PMID: 35215520 PMCID: PMC8875659 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to analyze dose–response associations between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and physical activity levels with childhood sports injury rates. Methods: Participants included pre-pregnant mothers (n = 4811) and their children at the age of 7 years (n = 3311). Maternal anthropometry (height, weight, and body mass index), time spent in physical activity, and education level were recorded. All sports injuries were defined as injuries reported in the past year by the children at the age of 7 years. Results: Children whose mothers were overweight/obese in the pre-pregnancy period were 2.04 (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.12–3.71) times more likely to report a sports injury at the age of 7 years. Underweight mothers exhibited a 74% decrease in the odds of their children reporting a sports injury at follow-up (OR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.10–0.68). Finally, an increase in maternal physical activity across the last three quartiles was associated with a lower odds of sports injuries. Conclusions: The risk of reporting a sports injury was greater for children whose mothers were overweight/obese in the pre-pregnancy period. However, there was a lower risk with both maternal underweight status and increasing minutes of physical activity.
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Gribble PA, Terada M, Beard MQ, Kosik KB, Lepley AS, McCann RS, Pietrosimone BG, Thomas AC. Prediction of Lateral Ankle Sprains in Football Players Based on Clinical Tests and Body Mass Index. Am J Sports Med 2016; 44:460-7. [PMID: 26646517 DOI: 10.1177/0363546515614585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is the most common injury suffered in sports, especially in football. While suggested in some studies, a predictive role of clinical tests for LAS has not been established. PURPOSE To determine which clinical tests, focused on potentially modifiable factors of movement patterns and body mass index (BMI), could best demonstrate risk of LAS among high school and collegiate football players. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 539 high school and collegiate football players were evaluated during the preseason with the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) and Functional Movement Screen as well as BMI. Results were compared between players who did and did not suffer an LAS during the season. Logistic regression analyses and calculated odds ratios were used to determine which measures predicted risk of LAS. RESULTS The LAS group performed worse on the SEBT-anterior reaching direction (SEBT-ANT) and had higher BMI as compared with the noninjured group (P < .001). The strongest prediction models corresponded with the SEBT-ANT. CONCLUSION Low performance on the SEBT-ANT predicted a risk of LAS in football players. BMI was also significantly higher in football players who sustained an LAS. Identifying clinical tools for successful LAS injury risk prediction will be a critical step toward the creation of effective prevention programs to reduce risk of sustaining an LAS during participation in football.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kyle B Kosik
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | | | | | - Abbey C Thomas
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Lynch BA, Rutten LJF, Jacobson RM, Kumar S, Elrashidi MY, Wilson PM, Jacobson DJ, St. Sauver JL. Health Care Utilization by Body Mass Index in a Pediatric Population. Acad Pediatr 2015; 15:644-50. [PMID: 26443036 PMCID: PMC4760684 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that the frequency of emergency department (ED) visits, outpatient clinic visits, and hospitalizations were higher among children with higher body mass index (BMI) categories, even after controlling for demographics, socioeconomic status, and presence of other chronic medical conditions. METHODS We obtained electronic height, weight, and utilization data for all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, aged 2 to 18 years on January 1, 2005 (n = 34,335), and calculated baseline BMI (kg/m(2)). At least 1 BMI measurement and permission to use medical record information was available for 19,771 children (58%); 19,528 with follow-up comprised the final cohort. BMIs were categorized into underweight/healthy weight (<85th percentile), overweight (85th to <95th percentile), and obese (≥95th percentile). Negative binomial models were used to compare the rate of utilization across BMI categories. Multivariable models were used to adjust for the effects of age, race, sex, socioeconomic status, and chronic medical conditions. RESULTS Compared to children with BMI <85th percentile, overweight and obese status were associated with increased ED visits (adjusted incident rate ratio [IRR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10, 1.23; and IRR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19, 1.35, respectively; P for trend <.0001), and outpatient clinic visits (IRR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02, 1.08; and IRR 1.07, 95% CI 1.04, 1.11, respectively; P for trend <.0001). No associations were observed between baseline BMI category and hospitalizations in the adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Children who are overweight or obese utilize the ED and outpatient clinics more frequently than those who are underweight/healthy weight, but are not hospitalized more frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Lynch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn.
| | - Lila J Finney Rutten
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Mayo Clinic Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Population Health Science Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Robert M Jacobson
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Mayo Clinic Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Population Health Science Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Seema Kumar
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | | | - Patrick M Wilson
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Mayo Clinic Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Population Health Science Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Debra J Jacobson
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Mayo Clinic Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Population Health Science Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Jennifer L St. Sauver
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Mayo Clinic Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery Population Health Science Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St., Rochester, MN, 55905
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Sabhaney V, Boutis K, Yang G, Barra L, Tripathi R, Tran TT, Doan Q. Bone fractures in children: is there an association with obesity? J Pediatr 2014; 165:313-318.e1. [PMID: 24836073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and odds of extremity bone fractures in children. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted at 2 tertiary care pediatric emergency departments. A convenience sample of children 2-17 years of age with a nonpenetrating extremity injury was enrolled. Demographics, activity level, mechanism of injury, participant BMI, and presence of a fracture were recorded. The main outcome was the odds of an extremity bone fracture based on BMI category; logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of fracture by BMI category. RESULTS We enrolled 2213 children, of whom 1078 (48.7%) sustained a fracture and 316 (14.3%) were classified as obese. The mean (SD) age was 9.5 (4.2) years, and percentage of male children was 56.8%. Compared with children with a normal BMI, the adjusted odds of fracture among obese, overweight, and underweight children were 0.75 (0.58, 0.97), 1.15 (0.89, 1.48), and 1.44 (1.00, 2.07) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Obese children had a minor but statistically significant decreased odds of fracture relative to children with a normal BMI, but no association was observed in overweight children. However, underweight children were found to be at an increased odds of fracture. This study suggests that overweight and obese children do not have increased odds of extremity fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Sabhaney
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Kathy Boutis
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gaby Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lorena Barra
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reetika Tripathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tinh Trung Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Quynh Doan
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Paulis WD, Silva S, Koes BW, van Middelkoop M. Overweight and obesity are associated with musculoskeletal complaints as early as childhood: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2014; 15:52-67. [PMID: 23941399 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine (i) the association between weight status and musculoskeletal complaints (MSC) in children, and (ii) whether overweight and obese children have a higher risk of developing MSC than normal-weight children Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane were searched (all years up to 2 January 2013) for observational studies studying direct associations between body mass index (or weight status) and MSC in children. Forty studies, together studying over one million children, were included. There was moderate quality of evidence that being overweight in childhood is positively associated with musculoskeletal pain (risk ratio [RR] 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09-1.45). In addition, low quality of evidence was found for a positive association between overweight and low back pain (RR 1.42; 95% CI: 1.03-1.97) and between overweight and injuries and fractures (RR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03-1.14). Although the risk of developing an injury was significantly higher for overweight than for normal-weight adolescents (RR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.10), this evidence was of very low quality. Overweight and obesity are associated with musculoskeletal pain, injuries and fractures as early as childhood. More high-quality prospective cohort studies are needed to study the nature of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Paulis
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Zhou L, Chen D, Dong G. Characteristics and related factors of nonfatal injuries among adolescents and college students in Shenzhen City of China. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:392. [PMID: 23617938 PMCID: PMC3649915 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injuries impact adolescents and young adults in unique ways. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate of nonfatal injuries, and identify characteristics and risk factors for the injuries among adolescents and college students in Shenzhen, China. Methods A total of 4,138 students from 79 classes were selected using a purposive sampling method in 2010. The questionnaire included personal demographics, behavioral factors, and self-perceived agrypnia. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the risk factors of injury. Results The annual incidence rate of nonfatal injuries was 13.5%. Injuries were significantly correlated with gender (boys vs. girls, adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-1.93) and self-perceived agrypnia (sometimes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.64, 95% CI, 1.31-2.05; often vs. no, adjusted OR, 2.34, 95% CI, 1.74-3.14), attending PE class ( >2 classes/week vs. ≤ 2 classes/week, adjusted OR, 1.25, 95% CI, 1.04-1.51), sexual behaviors (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.46, 95% CI, 1.03-2.07), physical fighting (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.84, 95% CI, 1.49-2.28), alcohol consumption (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.29, 95% CI, 1.06-1.59), unsafe cycling (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.47, 95% CI, 1.20-1.80) and skating in unsafe places (yes vs. no, adjusted OR, 1.57, 95% CI, 1.10-2.24). Additionally, falls were the leading cause of injuries, and gymnasiums of schools were the most-reported places where injuries occurred. Conclusions Nonfatal injuries have turned into a pressing public health problem among adolescents and college students in Shenzhen, China. Strategies targeting the risk factors may be effective for the prevention of injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No, 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518055, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the association between body mass index (BMI) and acute injury and (2) the association between BMI and bone fracture in children. METHODS Children 5 to 17 years old were recruited in the emergency department at the British Columbia Children's Hospital. Cases included children treated for an injury, and control subjects were children without an injury in the past 12 months. Participants were administered a questionnaire to derive average activity level and demographic data. Weight and height measurements were taken to calculate BMI. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to estimate the odds of injury occurrence by BMI category and the impact of covariates. RESULTS Logistical regression, after adjusting for age, sex, activity level, and income level, did not reveal an increased association between BMI and acute injury in overweight odds ratio (OR) = 0.90 (0.48-1.70) and obese OR = 1.18 (0.60-2.33) children. Secondary outcome analyses failed to show an increased association between BMI and fracture in overweight OR = 0.44 (0.12, 1.66) and obese OR = 1.02 (0.31, 3.32) children. CONCLUSIONS This study did not find increasing BMI to be associated with increased acute injury or bone fracture in children.
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