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Zhang W, Zhao Y, Li L, Xu X, Yang L, Luo Z, Wang B, Ma S, Fan Y, Huang Z. The Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Low Temperatures During the Booting Stage on Starch Synthesis and Yields in Wheat Grain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:684784. [PMID: 34305982 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.684784/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures (LT) in spring can have a major impact on the yields of wheat in winter. Wheat varieties with different cold sensitivities (the cold-tolerant Yannong 19 variety and the cold-sensitive Yangmai 18 variety) were used to study the responses of the wheat grain starch synthesis and dry material accumulation to short-term LT during the booting stage. The effects of short-term LT on the activities of key wheat grain starch synthesis enzymes, starch content and grain dry-matter accumulation were determined by exposing the wheat to simulated LT of from -2 to 2°C. Short-term LT stress caused a decrease in the fullness of the wheat grains along with decreased activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC2.7.7.27), soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC2.4.1.21), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC2.4.1.21), and starch branching enzyme (SBE, EC2.4.1.18) at different spike positions during the filling stage. The rate of grain starch accumulation and starch content decreased with decreasing temperatures. Also, the duration of grain filling increased, the mean and the maximum filling rates were reduced and the quality of the grain dry-matter decreased. The number of grains per spike and the thousand-grain weight of the mature grains also decreased. Our data showed that short-term LT stress at the booting stage caused a decrease in the activities of key starch synthesis enzymes at the grain-filling stage. These changes reduced the accumulation of starch, decreased the filling rate, and lowered the accumulation of grain dry matter to ultimately decrease grain yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shangyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yonghui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenglai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Zhang W, Zhao Y, Li L, Xu X, Yang L, Luo Z, Wang B, Ma S, Fan Y, Huang Z. The Effects of Short-Term Exposure to Low Temperatures During the Booting Stage on Starch Synthesis and Yields in Wheat Grain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:684784. [PMID: 34305982 PMCID: PMC8300962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.684784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Low temperatures (LT) in spring can have a major impact on the yields of wheat in winter. Wheat varieties with different cold sensitivities (the cold-tolerant Yannong 19 variety and the cold-sensitive Yangmai 18 variety) were used to study the responses of the wheat grain starch synthesis and dry material accumulation to short-term LT during the booting stage. The effects of short-term LT on the activities of key wheat grain starch synthesis enzymes, starch content and grain dry-matter accumulation were determined by exposing the wheat to simulated LT of from -2 to 2°C. Short-term LT stress caused a decrease in the fullness of the wheat grains along with decreased activities of adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase, EC2.7.7.27), soluble starch synthase (SSS, EC2.4.1.21), granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, EC2.4.1.21), and starch branching enzyme (SBE, EC2.4.1.18) at different spike positions during the filling stage. The rate of grain starch accumulation and starch content decreased with decreasing temperatures. Also, the duration of grain filling increased, the mean and the maximum filling rates were reduced and the quality of the grain dry-matter decreased. The number of grains per spike and the thousand-grain weight of the mature grains also decreased. Our data showed that short-term LT stress at the booting stage caused a decrease in the activities of key starch synthesis enzymes at the grain-filling stage. These changes reduced the accumulation of starch, decreased the filling rate, and lowered the accumulation of grain dry matter to ultimately decrease grain yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Li Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zheng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shangyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yonghui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhenglai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on South Yellow and Huai River Valley, The Ministry of Agriculture, Hefei, China
- Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenglai Huang
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