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Fallon MA, Tadfie H, Watson AP, Dyke MM, Flores C, Cook N, Fei Z, Holland CK. Molecular basis of one-step methyl anthranilate biosynthesis in grapes, sweet orange, and maize. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2363-2374. [PMID: 38976445 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants synthesize an array of volatile compounds, many of which serve ecological roles in attracting pollinators, deterring herbivores, and communicating with their surroundings. Methyl anthranilate (MeAA) is an anti-herbivory defensive volatile responsible for grape aroma that is emitted by several agriculturally relevant plants, including citrus, grapes, and maize. Unlike maize, which uses a one-step anthranilate methyltransferase (AAMT), grapes have been thought to use a two-step pathway for MeAA biosynthesis. By mining available transcriptomics data, we identified two AAMTs in Vitis vinifera (wine grape), as well as one ortholog in "Concord" grape. Many angiosperms methylate the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) to produce methyl salicylate, which acts as a plant-to-plant communication molecule. Because the Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) SA methyltransferase can methylate both anthranilate (AA) and SA, we used this enzyme to examine the molecular basis of AA activity by introducing rational mutations, which identified several active site residues that increase activity with AA. Reversing this approach, we introduced mutations that imparted activity with SA in the maize AAMT, which uncovered different active site residues from those in the citrus enzyme. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that one of the Vitis AAMTs shares an ancestor with jasmonic acid methyltransferases, similar to the AAMT from strawberry (Frageria sp.). Collectively, these data demonstrate the molecular mechanisms underpinning AA activity across methyltransferases and identify one-step enzymes by which grapes synthesize MeAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Fallon
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 01267, USA
| | - Hisham Tadfie
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 01267, USA
| | - Aracely P Watson
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 01267, USA
| | - Madeline M Dyke
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 01267, USA
| | - Christopher Flores
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 01267, USA
| | - Nathan Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 01267, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14850, USA
| | - Cynthia K Holland
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts, 01267, USA
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2
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Catania EM, Dubs NM, Soumen S, Barkman TJ. The Mutational Road not Taken: Using Ancestral Sequence Resurrection to Evaluate the Evolution of Plant Enzyme Substrate Preferences. Genome Biol Evol 2024; 16:evae016. [PMID: 38290535 PMCID: PMC10853004 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigated the flowering plant salicylic acid methyl transferase (SAMT) enzyme lineage to understand the evolution of substrate preference change. Previous studies indicated that a single amino acid replacement to the SAMT active site (H150M) was sufficient to change ancestral enzyme substrate preference from benzoic acid to the structurally similar substrate, salicylic acid (SA). Yet, subsequent studies have shown that the H150M function-changing replacement did not likely occur during the historical episode of enzymatic divergence studied. Therefore, we reinvestigated the origin of SA methylation preference here and additionally assessed the extent to which epistasis may act to limit mutational paths. We found that the SAMT lineage of enzymes acquired preference to methylate SA from an ancestor that preferred to methylate benzoic acid as previously reported. In contrast, we found that a different amino acid replacement, Y267Q, was sufficient to change substrate preference with others providing small positive-magnitude epistatic improvements. We show that the kinetic basis for the ancestral enzymatic change in substate preference by Y267Q appears to be due to both a reduced specificity constant, kcat/KM, for benzoic acid and an improvement in KM for SA. Therefore, this lineage of enzymes appears to have had multiple mutational paths available to achieve the same evolutionary divergence. While the reasons remain unclear for why one path was taken, and the other was not, the mutational distance between ancestral and descendant codons may be a factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Catania
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Nicole M Dubs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Shejal Soumen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
| | - Todd J Barkman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA
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3
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Yue Y, Zhang X, Wang L, He J, Yang S, Li X, Yu Y, Yu R, Fan Y. Identification and Characterization of Jasmonic Acid Methyltransferase Involved in the Formation of Floral Methyl Jasmonate in Hedychium coronarium. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 38202316 PMCID: PMC10780636 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Hedychium coronarium is a popular ornamental flower in tropical and subtropical areas due to its elegant appearance and inviting fragrance. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is one of the volatile compounds in the blooming flowers of H. coronarium. However, the molecular mechanism underlying floral MeJA formation is still unclear in H. coronarium. In this study, a total of 12 SABATH family genes were identified in the genome of H. coronarium, and their encoded proteins range from 366 to 387 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven clades in the SABATH family and a JMT ortholog clade, including two HcSABATH members. Combined with expression profiling of HcSABATH members, HcJMT1 was identified as the top candidate gene for floral MeJA biosynthesis. In vitro enzyme assays showed that HcJMT1 can catalyze the production of MeJA from jasmonic acid. Gene expression analysis indicated that HcJMT1 exhibited the highest expression in the labella and lateral petals, the major sites of MeJA emission. During flower development, the two MeJA isomers, major isomers in the products of the HcJMT1 protein, were released after anthesis, in which stage HcJMT1 displayed high expression. Our results indicated that HcJMT1 is involved in the formation of floral MeJA in H. coronarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Lan Wang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jieling He
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shengnan Yang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yunyi Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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4
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Wang YJ, Tain T, Yu JY, Li J, Xu B, Chen J, D’Auria J, Huang JP, Huang SX. Genomic and structural basis for evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302448120. [PMID: 37068250 PMCID: PMC10151470 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302448120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The tropane alkaloids (TAs) cocaine and hyoscyamine have been used medicinally for thousands of years. To understand the evolutionary origins and trajectories of serial biosynthetic enzymes of TAs and especially the characteristic tropane skeletons, we generated the chromosome-level genome assemblies of cocaine-producing Erythroxylum novogranatense (Erythroxylaceae, rosids clade) and hyoscyamine-producing Anisodus acutangulus (Solanaceae, asterids clade). Comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the lack of spermidine synthase/N-methyltransferase (EnSPMT1) in ancestral asterids species contributed to the divergence of polyamine (spermidine or putrescine) methylation in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis. Molecular docking analysis and key site mutation experiments suggested that ecgonone synthases CYP81AN15 and CYP82M3 adopt different active-site architectures to biosynthesize the same product ecgonone from the same substrate in Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae. Further synteny analysis showed different evolutionary origins and trajectories of CYP81AN15 and CYP82M3, particularly the emergence of CYP81AN15 through the neofunctionalization of ancient tandem duplication genes. The combination of structural biology and comparative genomic analysis revealed that ecgonone methyltransferase, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of characteristic 2-substituted carboxymethyl group in cocaine, evolved from the tandem copies of salicylic acid methyltransferase by the mutations of critical E216 and S153 residues. Overall, we provided strong evidence for the independent origins of serial TA biosynthetic enzymes on the genomic and structural level, underlying the chemotypic convergence of TAs in phylogenetically distant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
| | - Tian Tain
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jia-Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Bingyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650223, China
| | - John C. D’Auria
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research Ortsteil Gatersleben, SeelandD-06466, Germany
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming650201, China
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5
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Zhuge XL, Du X, Xiu ZJ, He CC, Wang YM, Yang HL, Han XM. Discovery of specific catalytic activity toward IAA/FA by LaSABATHs based on genome-wide phylogenetic and enzymatic analysis of SABATH gene family from Larix kaempferi. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1562-1574. [PMID: 36442561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The SABATH methyltransferases catalyze methylation of small-molecule metabolites, which participate in plant growth, development and defense response. Given lack of genome-wide studies on gymnosperms SABATH family, the formation and functional differentiation mechanism of the Larix kaempferi SABATH gene family was systematically and exhaustively explored by analyzing gene sequence characteristics, phylogenetic relationship, expression pattern, and enzyme activities. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 247 SABATH genes from 14 land plants were divided into 4 clades, and lineage-specific gene duplication events were important factors that contributed to the evolution of the SABATH gene family in gymnosperms and angiosperms. Substrate specificity analysis of 18 Larix SABATH proteins showed that LaSABATHs could catalyze O-methylation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and farnesic acid (FA), N-methylation of theobromine, and S-methylation of thiobenzoic acid. Furthermore, only LaSABATH2 and LaSABATH29 could catalyze O-methylation of FA, and only LaSABATH30 could catalyze O-methylation of IAA. Homology modeling and molecular docking studies showed the hydrogen bond formed between the His188 of LaSABATH30 and IAA and the noticeable hydrophobic IAA-binding pocket may be helpful for IAA methylation. In this study, identification of proteins with significant specific catalytic activity toward FA and IAA provided high-quality candidate genes for forest genetics and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Lin Zhuge
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Du
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Xiu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng He
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xue-Min Han
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
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6
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Dubs NM, Davis BR, de Brito V, Colebrook KC, Tiefel IJ, Nakayama MB, Huang R, Ledvina AE, Hack SJ, Inkelaar B, Martins TR, Aartila SM, Albritton KS, Almuhanna S, Arnoldi RJ, Austin CK, Battle AC, Begeman GR, Bickings CM, Bradfield JT, Branch EC, Conti EP, Cooley B, Dotson NM, Evans CJ, Fries AS, Gilbert IG, Hillier WD, Huang P, Hyde KW, Jevtovic F, Johnson MC, Keeler JL, Lam A, Leach KM, Livsey JD, Lo JT, Loney KR, Martin NW, Mazahem AS, Mokris AN, Nichols DM, Ojha R, Okorafor NN, Paris JR, Reboucas TF, Sant'Anna PB, Seitz MR, Seymour NR, Slaski LK, Stemaly SO, Ulrich BR, Van Meter EN, Young ML, Barkman TJ. A collaborative classroom investigation of the evolution of SABATH methyltransferase substrate preference shifts over 120 million years of flowering plant history. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:6503504. [PMID: 35021222 PMCID: PMC8890502 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing has resulted in an explosion of available data, much of which remains unstudied in terms of biochemical function; yet, experimental characterization of these sequences has the potential to provide unprecedented insight into the evolution of enzyme activity. One way to make inroads into the experimental study of the voluminous data available is to engage students by integrating teaching and research in a college classroom such that eventually hundreds or thousands of enzymes may be characterized. In this study, we capitalize on this potential to focus on SABATH methyltransferase enzymes that have been shown to methylate the important plant hormone, salicylic acid (SA), to form methyl salicylate. We analyze data from 76 enzymes of flowering plant species in 23 orders and 41 families to investigate how widely conserved substrate preference is for SA methyltransferase orthologs. We find a high degree of conservation of substrate preference for SA over the structurally similar metabolite, benzoic acid, with recent switches that appear to be associated with gene duplication and at least three cases of functional compensation by paralogous enzymes. The presence of Met in active site position 150 is a useful predictor of SA methylation preference in SABATH methyltransferases but enzymes with other residues in the homologous position show the same substrate preference. Although our dense and systematic sampling of SABATH enzymes across angiosperms has revealed novel insights, this is merely the “tip of the iceberg” since thousands of sequences remain uncharacterized in this enzyme family alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Dubs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Breck R Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Victor de Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Kate C Colebrook
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Ian J Tiefel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Madison B Nakayama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Ruiqi Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Audrey E Ledvina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Samantha J Hack
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Brent Inkelaar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Talline R Martins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Sarah M Aartila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Kelli S Albritton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Sarah Almuhanna
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Ryan J Arnoldi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Clara K Austin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Amber C Battle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Gregory R Begeman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Caitlin M Bickings
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Jonathon T Bradfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Eric C Branch
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Eric P Conti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Breana Cooley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Nicole M Dotson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Cheyone J Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Amber S Fries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Ivan G Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Weston D Hillier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Pornkamol Huang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Kaitlin W Hyde
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Filip Jevtovic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Mark C Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Julie L Keeler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Albert Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Kyle M Leach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Jeremy D Livsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Jonathan T Lo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Kevin R Loney
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Nich W Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Amber S Mazahem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Aurora N Mokris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Destiny M Nichols
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Ruchi Ojha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Nnanna N Okorafor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Joshua R Paris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | | | | | - Mathew R Seitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Nathan R Seymour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Lila K Slaski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Stephen O Stemaly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Benjamin R Ulrich
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Emile N Van Meter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Meghan L Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
| | - Todd J Barkman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008
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7
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Ward LC, McCue HV, Carnell AJ. Carboxyl Methyltransferases: Natural Functions and Potential Applications in Industrial Biotechnology. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Ward
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD United Kingdom
| | - Hannah V. McCue
- GeneMill, Institute of Integrative Biology University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZB United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Carnell
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD United Kingdom
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8
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Singewar K, Moschner CR, Hartung E, Fladung M. Identification and analysis of key genes involved in methyl salicylate biosynthesis in different birch species. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240246. [PMID: 33031447 PMCID: PMC7544025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of the perennial woody plant genus Betula dominate subalpine forests and play a significant role in preserving biological diversity. In addition to their conventional benefits, birches synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites having pharmacological significance. Methyl salicylate (MeSA) is one of these naturally occurring compounds constitutively produced by different birch species. MeSA is therapeutically important in human medicine for muscle injuries and joint pain. However, MeSA is now mainly produced synthetically due to a lack of information relating to MeSA biosynthesis and regulation. In this study, we performed a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of two candidate genes mediating MeSA biosynthesis, SALICYLIC ACID METHYLTRANSFERASE (SAMT) and SALICYLIC ACID-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (SABP2), of high (B. lenta, B. alleghaniensis, B. medwediewii, and B. grossa) and low (B. pendula, B. utilis, B. alnoides, and B. nana) MeSA-producing birch species. Phylogenetic analyses of SAMT and SABP2 genes and homologous genes from other plant species confirmed their evolutionary relationships. Multiple sequence alignments of the amino acid revealed the occurrence of important residues for substrate specificity in SAMT and SABP2. The analysis of cis elements in different birches indicated a functional multiplicity of SAMT and SABP2 and provided insights into the regulation of both genes. We successfully developed six prominent single nucleotide substitution markers that were validated with 38 additional birch individuals to differentiate high and low MeSA-producing birch species. Relative tissue-specific expression analysis of SAMT in leaf and bark tissue of two high and two low MeSA-synthesizing birches revealed a high expression in the bark of both high MeSA-synthesizing birches. In contrast, SABP2 expression in tissues revealed indifferent levels of expression between species belonging to the two groups. The comparative expression and bioinformatics analyses provided vital information that could be used to apply plant genetic engineering technology in the mass production of organic MeSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singewar
- Institute of Agricultural Process Engineering, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Grosshansdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Christian R. Moschner
- Institute of Agricultural Process Engineering, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hartung
- Institute of Agricultural Process Engineering, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Grosshansdorf, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
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Guo Y, Qiao D, Yang C, Chen J, Li Y, Liang S, Lin K, Chen Z. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SABATH methyltransferases in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis): insights into their roles in plant defense responses. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1804684. [PMID: 32787495 PMCID: PMC8550540 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1804684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
SABATH methyltransferases convent plant small-molecule metabolites into volatile methyl esters, which play important roles in many biological processes and defense reactions in plants. In this study, a total of 32 SABATH genes were identified in the Camellia sinensis var. sinensis (CSS) genome, which were renamed CsSABATH1 to CsSABATH32. Genome location annotation suggested that tandem duplication was responsible for the expansion of SABATH genes in tea plant. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that the CsSABATHs could be classified into three groups (I, II and III), which were also supported by gene structures and conserved motifs analysis. Group II contained only two CsSABATH proteins, which were closely related to PtIAMT, AtIAMT and OsIAMT. The group III SABATH genes of tea plant exhibited expansion on the CSS genome compared with Camellia sinensis var. assamica (CSA) genome. Based on RNA-seq data, the CsSABATHs exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, and the members with high expression in buds and young leaves were also obviously upregulated after MeJA treatment. The expression of many transcription factors was significantly correlated with that of different members of the CsSABATH gene family, suggesting a potential regulatory relationship between them. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) expression analysis showed that CsSABATHs could respond to exogenous JA, SA and MeSA treatments in tea plants. RNA-seq data analysis and qPCR validation suggested that CsSABATH8, 11, 16, 25, 29 and 32 might play a special role in plant defense against insect herbivory. These results provide references for evolutionary studies of the plant SABATH family and the exploration of the potential roles of CsSABATHs in tea plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dahe Qiao
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Sihui Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Kaiqin Lin
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhengwu Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Li YX, Zhang W, Dong HX, Liu ZY, Ma J, Zhang XY. Salicylic acid in Populus tomentosa is a remote signalling molecule induced by Botryosphaeria dothidea infection. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14059. [PMID: 30232461 PMCID: PMC6145909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The salicylic acid (SA) plays a critical role during the establishment of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in uninfected plant tissues after localised exposure to a pathogen. Here, we studied SA in Populus tomentosa infected by the plant pathogen Botryosphaeria dothidea. The accumulation of SA and methyl salicylate (MeSA) occurred in chronological order in P. tomentosa. The SA and MeSA contents were greater at infected than uninfected sites. Additionally, a gene expression analysis indicated that SA might be accumulated by phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and converted to MeSA by SA carboxyl methyltransferase (SAMT), while MeSA might convert to SA by SA-binding protein 2 (SABP2). The expressions of SAMT at infected sites and SABP2 at uninfected sites, respectively, were significantly up-regulated. Thus, SA might be converted to MeSA at infected sites and transported as a signalling molecule to uninfected sites, where it is converted to SA for SAR. Moreover, the expressions of pathogenesis-related genes PR-1, PR-2 and PR-5 in P. tomentosa were up-regulated by the B. dothidea infection. Our study determined that variations in SA and MeSA contents occur at infected and uninfected sites in poplar after pathogen infection and contributed to the remote signals for poplar SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xia Li
- Lab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Lab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Hui-Xia Dong
- Lab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Lab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xing-Yao Zhang
- Lab. of Forest Pathogen Integrated Biology, Research Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China. .,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
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