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Abstract
Ubiquitous environmental exposures increase cardiovascular disease risk via diverse mechanisms. This review examines personal strategies to minimize this risk. With regard to fine particulate air pollution exposure, evidence exists to recommend the use of portable air cleaners and avoidance of outdoor activity during periods of poor air quality. Other evidence may support physical activity, dietary modification, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, and indoor and in-vehicle air conditioning as viable strategies to minimize adverse health effects. There is currently insufficient data to recommend specific personal approaches to reduce the adverse cardiovascular effects of noise pollution. Public health advisories for periods of extreme heat or cold should be observed, with limited evidence supporting a warm ambient home temperature and physical activity as strategies to limit the cardiovascular harms of temperature extremes. Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure can be reduced by avoiding contact with perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance-containing materials; blood or plasma donation and cholestyramine may reduce total body stores of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. However, the cardiovascular impact of these interventions has not been examined. Limited utilization of pesticides and safe handling during use should be encouraged. Finally, vasculotoxic metal exposure can be decreased by using portable air cleaners, home water filtration, and awareness of potential contaminants in ground spices. Chelation therapy reduces physiological stores of vasculotoxic metals and may be effective for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke J Bonanni
- Grossman School of Medicine (L.J.B.), NYU Langone Health, New York, NY
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Xiong Y, Liu J, Yu J, Chen D, Li T, Zhou F, Wu T, Liu X, Du Y. OPEs-ID: A software for non-targeted screening of organophosphate esters based on liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133275. [PMID: 38157816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers, presenting a potential threat to the environment and human health. To date, no automatic software exists for the nontargeted screening of OPEs. In this study, OPEs-ID, a user-friendly software, was developed for the identification of OPEs using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. The main workflow of OPEs-ID included fragments-dependent precursor ion screening, elemental composition determination, extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) comparison, and molecular structure identification via MetFrag strategy. A mixture of 17 OPE standards was identified with an identification rate of 100% by OPEs-ID. OPEs-ID demonstrated a rate of 94.1% for correctly ranking within the top 1 candidate in a local database (41.2% in PubChem) for the 17 OPE standards, which remarkably improved the identification when compared to conventional in silico fragmentation algorithms. Using a pooled airborne fine particle sample (PM2.5), OPEs-ID could automatically retrieve 22 valid molecules with structure candidates. The detection frequencies of 9 newly identified OPEs were between 13% and 100% in the 32 PM2.5 samples. Their semi-quantification concentrations were comparable to those of some traditional OPEs. Overall, OPEs-ID offers a powerful tool to significantly enrich our understanding of the OPEs present in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinran Xiong
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Scientific Utilization of Tobacco Resources, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Jinyue Liu
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fengli Zhou
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Xiaotu Liu
- School of Environment and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yiping Du
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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