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Fitzhugh C, Gibson R. Understanding perceptions about the health effects of night working and the barriers and enablers to taking part in nutritional research: A qualitative study among night workers in England. NUTR BULL 2024. [PMID: 38924319 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Working at night is associated with adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes. However, there are a lack of nutritional intervention studies conducted amongst night workers, subsequently contributing to a lack of evidence-based guidelines for night workers. The aim of The Eating on the Night Shift study was to understand how night shift workers view working at night in relation to nutritional health and wellbeing, the barriers and enablers to participate in research and what kind of guidance would be useful to them. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a convenience sample (n = 18) of night workers based in England. The interview covered experiences of working night shifts, perceptions about night work and their health, and perceptions of and likely engagement with nutritional research. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Of the final sample 13 were female (72%), 39% worked a rotating shift pattern and 78% had worked night shifts for 1 year or more. Four overarching themes were identified: (1) the consequences of night work on health and wellbeing, (2) eating at night means a less healthy diet, (3) working at night has wider knock-on effects on aspects of lifestyle and wellbeing and (4) nutritional research is perceived as important, but there are barriers to participation. Night workers are aware that working at night can negatively impact their diet as well as their health. Nutritional researchers need to engage with night workers when considering intervention design and implementation as well as in the development of any resultant evidence-based guidance to ensure its relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Fitzhugh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Safieddine B, Grasshoff J, Geyer S, Sperlich S, Epping J, Beller J. Type 2 diabetes in the employed population: do rates and trends differ among nine occupational sectors? An analysis using German health insurance claims data. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1231. [PMID: 38702701 PMCID: PMC11069294 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Socioeconomic inequalities in type 2 diabetes (T2D) are well established in the literature. However, within the background of changing work contexts associated with digitalization and its effect on lifestyle and sedentary behavior, little is known on T2D prevalence and trends among different occupational groups. This study aims to examine occupational sector differences in T2D prevalence and trends thereof between 2012 and 2019. METHODS The study was done on 1.683.644 employed individuals using data from the German statutory health insurance provider in Lower Saxony, the "Allgemeine Ortskrankenkasse Niedersachsen" (AOKN). Predicted probabilities for T2D prevalence in four two-year periods between 2012 and 2019 were estimated based on logistic regression analyses for nine occupational sectors. Prevalence ratios were calculated to illustrate the effect of time period on the prevalence of T2D among the nine occupational sectors. Analyses were stratified by gender and two age groups. RESULTS Results showed differences among occupational sectors in the predicted probabilities for T2D. The occupational sectors "Transport, logistics, protection and security" and "Health sector, social work, teaching & education" had the highest predicted probabilities, while those working in the sector "Agriculture" had by far the lowest predicted probabilities for T2D. Over all, there appeared to be a rising trend in T2D prevalence among younger employed individuals, with gender differences among occupational sectors. CONCLUSION The study displayed different vulnerability levels among occupational sectors with respect to T2D prevalence overall and for its rising trend among the younger age group. Specific occupations within the vulnerable sectors need to be focused upon in further research to define specific target groups to which T2D prevention interventions should be tailored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Grasshoff
- Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Siegfried Geyer
- Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Jelena Epping
- Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes Beller
- Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Davis C, Huggins CE, Kleve S, Leung GKW, Bonham MP. Conceptualizing weight management for night shift workers: A mixed-methods systematic review. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13659. [PMID: 37985937 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Shift workers have an increased risk of obesity and metabolic conditions. This mixed-methods systematic literature review on night shift workers aimed to: (1) identify barriers/enablers of weight management; (2) examine effectiveness of weight management interventions; and (3) determine whether interventions addressed enablers/barriers. Six databases were searched, articles screened by title/abstract, followed by full-text review, and quality assessment. Eligible qualitative studies documented experiences of behaviors related to weight change. Eligible quantitative studies were behavior change interventions with weight/body mass index outcomes. A thematic synthesis was undertaken for qualitative studies using the social-ecological model (SEM). Interventions were synthesized narratively including: weight/body composition change; components mapped by behavior change taxonomy; and SEM. A synthesis was undertaken to identify if interventions addressed perceived enablers/barriers. Eight qualitative (n = 169 participants) and 12 quantitative studies (n = 1142 participants) were included. Barriers predominated discussions: intrapersonal (time, fatigue, stress); interpersonal (work routines/cultural norms); organizational (fatigue, lack of: routine, healthy food options, breaks/predictable work); community (lack of healthy food options). The primary outcome for interventions was not weight loss and most did not address many identified enablers/barriers. One intervention reported a clinically significant weight loss result. Weight loss interventions that address barriers/enablers at multiple SEM levels are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Davis
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Catherine E Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
- Institute for Health Transformation, Global Centre for Preventive Health and Nutrition, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Sue Kleve
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Gloria K W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
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Gibson R, D'Annibale M, Oliver N, McGowan B, Forbes G, Crayton E, Guess N, Lorencatto F. Exploration of the individual, social and environmental factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes working in UK healthcare-The Shift-Diabetes Study: A qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework. Diabet Med 2024; 41:e15179. [PMID: 37452826 DOI: 10.1111/dme.15179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM To identify factors influencing dietary behaviour in shift workers with type 2 diabetes (T2D) working in UK healthcare settings. METHODS Semi-structured qualitative interviews based on the theoretical domains framework (TDF) were conducted with a convenience sample (n = 15) of shift workers (32-59 years) diagnosed with T2D who worked night shifts as part of a mixed shift schedule. The TDF was applied to analyse transcripts using a combined deductive framework and inductive thematic analysis approach. Identified influences were mapped to the behaviour change technique taxonomy to identify potential strategies to change dietary behaviour in this context. RESULTS Key barriers to healthy dietary behaviours were access and cost of food available during night work (TDF domain: Environment Context and Resources). Factors identified as both enablers and barriers included: availability of staff facilities and time to take a break, (Environment Context and Resources), the physical impact of night work (Beliefs About Consequences), eating in response to stress or tiredness (Emotion), advance planning of meals/food and taking own food to work (Behavioural Regulation). Potential techniques to address these influences and improve dietary behaviour in this context include: meal planning templates, self-monitoring and biofeedback, and increasing accessibility and availability of healthier food choices during night shifts. CONCLUSIONS The dietary behaviour of shift workers with T2D is influenced by interacting individual, socio-cultural and environmental factors. Intervention should focus on environmental restructuring and strategies that enable monitoring and meal planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Gibson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College, London, UK
| | | | - Nick Oliver
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Barbara McGowan
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Gillian Forbes
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elise Crayton
- Centre for Behaviour Change, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Guess
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Kalkanis A, Demolder S, Papadopoulos D, Testelmans D, Buyse B. Recovery from shift work. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1270043. [PMID: 38020633 PMCID: PMC10651732 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1270043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One fifth of today's workforce is engaged in shift work and exposed to various mental and physical health risks including shift work disorder. Efficiently recovering from shift work through physical and mental interventions allows us to mitigate negative effects on health, enables a better work-life balance and enhances our overall wellbeing. The aim of this review is to provide a state-of-the-art overview of the available literature. The role of sleep timing and naps, light therapy and psychotherapy, diet and exercise in recovery from shift work is presented here. We further review the impact of shift schedules and social support on post-shift unwinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Kalkanis
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Louvain University Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders (LUCS), University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Saartje Demolder
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Louvain University Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders (LUCS), University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitrios Papadopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Louvain University Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders (LUCS), University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Testelmans
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Louvain University Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders (LUCS), University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and Thoracic Surgery (BREATH), KU Leuven-University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bertien Buyse
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Louvain University Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders (LUCS), University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Respiratory Disease and Thoracic Surgery (BREATH), KU Leuven-University, Leuven, Belgium
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Young-Silva Y, Berenguera A, Jacques-Aviñó C, Gil-Girbau M, Arroyo-Uriarte P, Chela-Alvarez X, Ripoll J, Martí-Lluch R, Ramos R, Elizondo-Alzola U, Garcia-Martinez S, Méndez-López F, Tamayo-Morales O, Martínez-Andrés M, Motrico E, Gómez-Gómez I, Fernández-Alvarez R, Juvinyà-Canal D. Role of personal aptitudes as determinants of incident morbidity, lifestyles, quality of life, use of the health services and mortality (DESVELA cohort): qualitative study protocol for a prospective cohort study in a hybrid analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1069957. [PMID: 37361167 PMCID: PMC10289184 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1069957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Maintaining or acquiring healthier health-oriented behaviours and promoting physical and mental health amongst the Spanish population is a significant challenge for Primary Health Care. Although the role of personal aptitudes (characteristics of each individual) in influencing health behaviours is not yet clear, these factors, in conjunction with social determinants such as gender and social class, can create axes of social inequity that affect individuals' opportunities to engage in health-oriented behaviours. Additionally, lack of access to health-related resources and opportunities can further exacerbate the issue for individuals with healthy personal aptitudes. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between personal aptitudes and health behaviours, as well as their impact on health equity. Objectives This paper outlines the development, design and rationale of a descriptive qualitative study that explores in a novel way the views and experiences on the relationship between personal aptitudes (activation, health literacy and personality traits) and their perception of health, health-oriented behaviours, quality of life and current health status. Method and analysis This qualitative research is carried out from a phenomenological perspective. Participants will be between 35 and 74 years of age, will be recruited in Primary Health Care Centres throughout Spain from a more extensive study called DESVELA Cohort. Theoretical sampling will be carried out. Data will be collected through video and audio recording of 16 focus groups in total, which are planned to be held in 8 different Autonomous Communities, and finally transcribed for a triangulated thematic analysis supported by the Atlas-ti program. Discussion We consider it essential to understand the interaction between health-related behaviours as predictors of lifestyles in the population, so this study will delve into a subset of issues related to personality traits, activation and health literacy.Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04386135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudy Young-Silva
- Unitat de Suport a la recerca Girona, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Goli Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Girona, Spain
- Facultat d’Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Anna Berenguera
- Facultat d’Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Goli Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
| | - Constanza Jacques-Aviñó
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l'Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Goli Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
| | - Montserrat Gil-Girbau
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Health Technology Assessment in Primary Care and Mental Health (PRISMA) Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de LLobregat, Spain
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, San Boi de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Paula Arroyo-Uriarte
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Health Technology Assessment in Primary Care and Mental Health (PRISMA) Research Group, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de LLobregat, Spain
| | - Xenia Chela-Alvarez
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca (IB-Salut), Balearic Health Service, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion-Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joana Ripoll
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca (IB-Salut), Balearic Health Service, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Research Group in Primary Care and Promotion-Balearic Islands Community (GRAPP-caIB), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ruth Martí-Lluch
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Vascular Health Research Group of Girona, Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rafel Ramos
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Vascular Health Research Group of Girona, Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l'Atenció Primària Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Primary Care Services, Catalan Institute of Health, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Usue Elizondo-Alzola
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Diseminación e Implementación en Servicios Sanitarios, Instituto Investigación de Biocruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Sandra Garcia-Martinez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias de la Diseminación e Implementación en Servicios Sanitarios, Instituto Investigación de Biocruces, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Fátima Méndez-López
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Aragonese Primary Care Research Group (GAIAP), Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Olaya Tamayo-Morales
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Unidad de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Salamanca (APISAL) Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mária Martínez-Andrés
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Social and Health Research Center, Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain
| | - Emma Motrico
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene Gómez-Gómez
- Network on Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Prevention and Promotion(RICAPPS), Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández-Alvarez
- Ourense Health Area, SERGAS, Ourence, Spain
- Centro de Saúde de Allariz, SERGAS, Allariz, Spain
- I-Saúde Grup, South Galicia Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
| | - Dolors Juvinyà-Canal
- Facultat d’Infermeria, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- Grup de recerca Salut i Atenció sanitària Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
- Càtedra de Promoció de la Salut Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Kotera Y, Jackson JE, Kirkman A, Edwards AM, Colman R, Underhill A, Jackson JG, Baker D, Ozaki A. Comparing the Mental Health of Healthcare Students: Mental Health Shame and Self-compassion in Counselling, Occupational Therapy, Nursing and Social Work Students. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023:1-18. [PMID: 36817984 PMCID: PMC9924877 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-023-01018-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor mental health of healthcare students is a cause for concern in many universities. Though previous research has identified mental health shame and self-compassion as critical in this student group, how these variables differ across different healthcare disciplines remains to be evaluated. Healthcare students (n = 344; counselling, occupational therapy, social work and nursing) completed measures regarding these variables. MANOVA and regression analyses were performed. (1) Counselling and nursing students were more depressed than occupational therapy students; (2) nursing students were more anxious than occupational therapy and social work students; (3) occupational therapy students had more positive attitudes towards mental health than the others; and (4) nursing students worried about their own reputation associated with their family more than counselling students. Self-compassion was the strongest predictor of mental health in all groups; however, the effect sizes varied: largest in nursing and smallest in social work students. Findings will help inform effective interventions for students in each healthcare discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kotera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2TU Nottinghamshire UK
| | - Jessica E. Jackson
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann Kirkman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Edwards
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Rory Colman
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Ann Underhill
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Jessica G. Jackson
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Denise Baker
- College of Health, Psychology and Social Care, University of Derby, Derby, UK
| | - Akihiko Ozaki
- Medical Governance Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation, Fukushima, Japan
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Mansouri T, Ghanatios G, Hatzinger L, Barich R, Dampha E, Temple JL, Clemency BM, Hostler D. Eating Patterns among Emergency Medical Service Providers in the United States: A Qualitative Interview Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224884. [PMID: 36432571 PMCID: PMC9696925 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergency medical service (EMS) providers experience demanding work conditions in addition to shift work, which increases risk for nutrition related chronic disease such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The high stress, emergent, and unpredictable nature of EMS may interfere with healthy eating patterns on and off shift, however little is known about how these conditions impact dietary patterns among EMS providers. This study aimed to understand factors impacting dietary patterns through semi-structured interviews with 40 EMS providers throughout the United States. Interviews were conducted virtually via Zoom video conference. Inductive coding was used to identify themes throughout the interviews. Salient factors mentioned in the interviews included hunger, fatigue, stress, coworker influence, ambulance posting, geographical location, agency policy, and culture. Factors were grouped into 4 domains: physiological factors, psychosocial factors, physical environment, and organizational environment, represented by an adapted version of the social ecological model of health behaviors to include factors influencing eating patterns specific to EMS, which may contribute to overall health. Various barriers to healthy eating exist within EMS, and future studies should explore interventions at each level of our proposed model to improve conditions and reduce nutrition related disease risk in this essential population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan Mansouri
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-716-829-2941; Fax: +1-716-829-2428
| | - George Ghanatios
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Lori Hatzinger
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA
| | - Rachel Barich
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Ebriama Dampha
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Temple
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Brian M. Clemency
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - David Hostler
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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Huggins CE, Jong J, Leung GKW, Page S, Davis R, Bonham MP. Shift workers’ perceptions and experiences of adhering to a nutrition intervention at night whilst working: a qualitative study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15487. [PMID: 36109573 PMCID: PMC9477878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis study explored the feasibility of implementing a meal timing intervention during night shift work. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews. Interviews were coded inductively by two researchers independently, then three major themes were collaboratively developed. Subthemes from each major theme were mapped to the theoretical domains framework and the Capability Opportunity Motivation model of behaviour change. Seventeen night shift workers (rotating or permanent) aged between 25 and 65 years were interviewed. Participants predominately worked as health professionals. The feasibility of a simple meal timing intervention to avoid eating between 1 and 6 am on night shift is largely affected by three major influences (1) physical and emotional burden of shift work which drives food temptations; (2) the workplace context including the meal break environment, social and cultural context at work, and break scheduling; and (3) motivation of the individual. Facilitators to avoiding eating at night were, keeping busy, having co-worker support, management support, education of health benefits and/or belief that the intervention was health promoting. The barriers to avoiding eating at night were the emotional and physical toll of working at night leading to comfort eating and not having rest areas away from food environments. To support night shift workers with changing timing of meals, interventions at work should target both individual and organisational level behaviour change.
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Mohammed M, Gadah-Eldam AAA, Taha Z. Assessment of Knowledge and Lifestyle Pattern during COVID-19 Pandemic in Al-Qunfudhah’s Locality: In Saudi Arabia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to pose significant challenges to nations. The Saudi Arabia government aimed to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 through different health strategies and policies that impact the population's health and lifestyle. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of the adult Saudi Arabian people and residents on the Coronavirus pandemic and examine their association with dietary habits. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Qunfudhah’s locality - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from 13 September to 15 October. Data collection was performed using a direct interview using a questionnaire, which was divided, into four sections: the first section was directed at the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants; the second was dedicated to assessing the individual's knowledge about COVID-19; the third section was designed to assess the lifestyle pattern of COVID-19. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). According to the results of data analysis, 400 respondents were included in this study. Knowledge about COVID-19 was high (94 %) among the participants, primarily obtained from the traditional media platforms and social media (71.20%.). 91% of the respondents have complied with regular usage of precautionary tools, (8%) sometimes, 56.5 % of the respondents experienced a change in food habit during the period of confinement. Food items which presented a higher consumption were: fish on the top of the groups (83.25 %), followed by anion and orange (47%) for both , lemon drink (42.75 %), potatoes and garlic almost achieved similar percentages (38.25% & 38.75) respectively, while milk and milk product came on the bottom of the list (37.75). Medium intake illustrated lettuce, green pepper and carrots were taken by nearly almost one-third of the participants 34% 34% &32%, respectively, followed by meat (31.75%). Lower intake was noticed for eggs (29.25%) and lentils (33.5%). Vegetables including pumpkin, broccoli and cauliflower represented low intake by half of the participants (50%) , physical activity and exposure to sunlight were practiced regularly during the lockdown, by (43%), (49.8 %.) respectively. These findings include the Saudis and residential population who have adopted healthier dietary behaviors during the COVID-19 confinement through a closer approach towards the Med Diet-style eating patterns.
The knowledge of eating habits and the practice of physical activity should guide the authorities and educational agencies to propose strategies that could encourage a balanced and healthy diet (MD) and physical activity practice.
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Shiftwork Is Associated with Higher Food Insecurity in U.S. Workers: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study (NHANES). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052847. [PMID: 35270538 PMCID: PMC8910210 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The number of shift workers has increased substantially within the last decades to keep pace with the increasingly complex societal need for 24 h services. Shift work has been associated with unhealthy lifestyles and a lower overall diet quality. Little is known, however, with regard to food security and consumer behavior in shift workers. The present study sought to address this gap in the literature, exploring a sample of n = 4418 day workers and n = 1065 shift workers in the United States. Using cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES, 2007−2010), we found that shiftwork was associated with a lower amount of money spent on eating out and higher food insecurity issues. Compared to day workers, a higher proportion of shift workers reported receipt of food stamps (12.5% vs. 23.4%, p < 0.001) and worried about running out of food (3.95% vs. 8.05%, p < 0.001). These associations remained significant after adjustment for confounders when using multivariate logistic regression. The number of not-home-prepared meals did not differ between both groups. In light of the population health disparities and adverse health outcomes associated with food insecurity, novel strategies are urgently warranted to improve the situation of shift workers.
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12
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Shi J, Chen Z, Wang X, Teng F, Yang Y, Chen H. Dominate others, hurt self: Social dominance orientation predicts depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 175:110710. [PMID: 34848904 PMCID: PMC8613708 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus pandemic threatens physical and psychological health. We examined whether social dominance orientation (SDO), a preference for inequality among social groups, contributes to mental health during the pandemic. In particular, we predicted that people high in SDO would experience higher levels of depression than others low in SDO. Our results (N = 2008) showed that SDO was positively associated with depression. In addition, participants' perceived lifestyle changes moderated the association between SDO and depression. We also discuss the theoretical and practical implications of the current work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Shi
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhansheng Chen
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xijing Wang
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fei Teng
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, China
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13
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Flanagan A, Lowson E, Griffin BA, Skene DJ. Effects of Maternal Nightshift Work on Evening Energy Intake, Diet Quality and Meal Timing in the Family: An Observational Study. NURSING REPORTS 2021; 11:823-831. [PMID: 34968271 PMCID: PMC8715464 DOI: 10.3390/nursrep11040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The percentage of women working regular nightshift work has increased in the past decade. While nightshift work has the potential to exert adverse effects on dietary habits, little is known about the impact of a parent working nightshifts on dietary habits in the family. We analysed energy intake, meal timing, and diet quality among dependent children and male partners of 20 female UK National Health Service (NHS) nurses working rotational nightshifts. Comparing nightshift against non-nightshift conditions, we hypothesised that maternal nightshift work would affect the evening energy intake, diet quality and time of eating of dependent children and adult partners. Primary outcomes were absolute energy intake and the proportion of daily energy intake consumed in the evening (16:00–23:59 h). Our results show that in pre-teen children aged 8–12 years (n = 13, mean ± SD, 9.9 ± 1.6 yrs; 9 males), the proportion of total daily energy intake consumed during periods of nightshift work was significantly greater compared to periods of non-nightshifts (45.7% ± 8.8% vs. 39.7% ± 7.0%, mean ± SD, p = 0.012). There was no effect of nightshift work on dietary habits in teenage children or partners. The finding of a greater proportion of daily energy consumed in the evening period in pre-teen children is noteworthy, as it suggests that pre-teen children more dependent than older teenage children may be more vulnerable to disruptions to dietary patterns associated with maternal nightshift work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Flanagan
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizabeth Lowson
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Bruce A. Griffin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
| | - Debra J. Skene
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK;
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14
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Ulusoy HG, Sanlier N, Rakıcıoğlu N. Do Rotating Night Shifts Change Nurses' Nutritional Status? A Cross-Sectional Study. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:608-616. [PMID: 34376120 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1947413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shift work disrupts circadian rhythms through environmental factors such as disruption of the light-dark and rest-activity cycle. This study aims to evaluate the nutritional status, circadian phenotype, sleep quality, and anthropometric measurements in nurses working in rotating night shifts. METHOD The study included 44 nurses working in rotating night shifts. Physical activity records for 4 days and 24-hour dietary recalls for 7 days were taken. To evaluate the circadian phenotypes and sleep quality, the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were used, respectively. RESULTS Most nurses were evening chronotype and had poor sleep quality. Shift work was associated with higher daily energy intake and lower total daily energy expenditure (p < 0.05). On the night shifts, while fiber-rich foods such as beans and fruit consumption decrease, the consumption of fats, sweets, and cereals increases. While carbohydrates, total fat, and cholesterol intake were higher in only women on the night shift (p < 0.05), saturated fat and calcium intake were higher in all nurses (p < 0.05). While the water intake of the nurses was lower on the night shift (p < 0.05), tea intake was higher in women (p < 0.05). A correlation was found between total shift work duration, body mass index (r = 0.525), waist circumference (r = 0.577), waist-height ratio (r = 0.584), and body fat percentage (r = 0.513) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Nurses should be encouraged to ensure adequate water intake and to make healthy food choices during the night shift to maintain health and work performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Gül Ulusoy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neslişah Rakıcıoğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Arora C, Malhotra A, Ranjan P, Vikram NK, Dwivedi SN, Singh N. Perceived barriers and facilitators for adherence to lifestyle prescription: Perspective of obese patients with non alcoholic fatty liver disease from north India. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:102138. [PMID: 34186359 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aims to identify the barriers and facilitators faced by obese patients with NAFLD from north India, while undergoing lifestyle-modification. METHODS 30 obese patients with NAFLD were interviewed regarding the barriers and facilitators to lifestyle change and responses were noted. Inductive thematic analysis was used. RESULTS Eight themes under barriers (lack of family support, difficult intervention, work-related, financial, psychological, social, physical and infrastructure related) and four themes under facilitators (family support, intensive nature of intervention, psychological and physiological) were identified from the reponses. CONCLUSIONS Personalized and socio-culturally appropriate counseling strategies may promote successful treatment outcomes among these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Arora
- Department of Home Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anita Malhotra
- Department of Home Science, Lakshmibai College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Piyush Ranjan
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Naval K Vikram
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sada Nand Dwivedi
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namrata Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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16
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O'Brien VM, Nea FM, Pourshahidi LK, Livingstone MBE, Bardon L, Kelly C, Kearney JM, Corish CA. Overweight and obesity in shift workers: associated dietary and lifestyle factors. Eur J Public Health 2021; 30:579-584. [PMID: 32460323 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 17% of the European Union workforce is engaged in shift work. Shift work has been associated with a number of chronic conditions, including obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the dietary and lifestyle behaviours of shift workers with a healthy vs. overweight/obese body mass index (BMI). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1080 shift workers using a 15-min, telephone-administered questionnaire developed from qualitative research on Irish shift workers and national dietary intake data. Demographic and work-related factors, as well as dietary and lifestyle behaviours were recorded. BMI was calculated using self-reported height and weight. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyze data according to BMI category. RESULTS Over 40% of shift workers were classified as overweight or obese. Multivariate analysis indicated that being male [P < 0.001, aOR = 2.102, 95% CI (1.62-2.73)] and middle- or older-aged were independently associated with overweight and obesity [P < 0.001, aOR = 2.44 95% CI (1.84-3.24) and P < 0.001, aOR = 2.9 95% CI (1.94-4.35), respectively]. Having a medium-high consumption of fried foods was independently associated with overweight and obesity [aOR = 1.38, 95% CI (1.06-1.8)]. CONCLUSIONS Similar to the general population, overweight and obesity were strongly associated with male sex and middle- or older-age. Male shift workers may benefit from targeted dietary and lifestyle advice specifically focused on limiting fried foods to help protect against overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M O'Brien
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Fiona M Nea
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Centre for Molecular Biosciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - M Barbara E Livingstone
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Centre for Molecular Biosciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Laura Bardon
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - Ciara Kelly
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
| | - John M Kearney
- School of Biological and Health Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 8, Republic of Ireland
| | - Clare A Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland.,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Republic of Ireland
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Geography Matters, But… Evolving Success Factors for Nature-Oriented Health Tourism within Selected Alpine Destinations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18105389. [PMID: 34070110 PMCID: PMC8158373 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the success factors of health tourism based on natural attractions in selected European spa and health destinations. The natural resources included in the offers, such as water, salt, and air, play a central role in this context, as their evidence-based effects have a high relevance for the health and wellbeing of tourists. Due to its specific geographical location and considering the threat of climate change, however, this offer is facing increasing challenges which make adaptation strategies necessary. In addition to a conceptional introduction to the topic, this paper contains a descriptive analysis of tourism statistics and the results from self-administered questionnaires with six selected representatives from alpine health destinations (DE, FR, IT, AT, CH, SI). The results show varying forms of health tourism based on natural attractions, which are also reflected in online marketing, with potential for optimization. The web research and the responses to the questionnaire revealed that evidence-based studies hardly play a role in promoting health touristic offers. Furthermore, climate change effects on natural attractions are considered extremely small and tend to prompt the development of new offers. Health destinations are advised to generate a clearer focus on the risks of climate change regarding natural resources.
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18
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Lemke M, Schifferstein HNJ. The use of ICT devices as part of the solo eating experience. Appetite 2021; 165:105297. [PMID: 33989698 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of people tend to eat alone due to social changes and an altered attitude towards cooking and eating practices. Anecdotal reports indicate that solo diners tend to use information and communication technology devices, for example, the smartphone, as part of the eating experience. While lab studies suggest that the devices contribute to an increased high-calorie food intake and decreased feeling of satiety, these studies disregard the everyday experience and motivation of solo diners. We conducted an exploratory study to investigate how solo diners use digital devices as part of their daily eating experience. Semi-structured interviews with solo diners (N = 12) were analyzed using thematic analysis in an inductive approach leading to six themes. The themes focus on (1) the perception of a meal; (2) the experience of a solo diner; (3) the purpose of using an information and communication technology device; (4) the perceived influence of the devices; (5) factors decreasing and increasing the use; (6) and the potential to promote healthier food consumption. Our results indicate that the use of digital devices while eating alone can lead to distraction, being unaware of the food texture and the amount that is eaten. The devices can also induce a positive influence by providing entertainment and mitigating negative emotions like loneliness and boredom. The devices have the potential to contribute to healthy eating practices by providing education and by influencing the speed of eating through elements of sound. Although the use of devices might negatively affect eating behavior, their ubiquitous presence also offers the opportunity to reach specific, vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin Lemke
- Department of Human Centered Design, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Hendrik N J Schifferstein
- Department of Human Centered Design, Delft University of Technology, Landbergstraat 15, 2628 CE Delft, the Netherlands
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19
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Kelly C, Nea FM, Pourshahidi LK, Kearney JM, O'Brien V, Livingstone MBE, Corish CA. Adherence to dietary and physical activity guidelines among shift workers: associations with individual and work-related factors. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2020; 3:229-238. [PMID: 33521533 PMCID: PMC7841828 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Shift work is associated with adverse effects on the health and lifestyle behaviours of employees. This study aimed to examine factors associated with adherence among shift workers to selected indicators of dietary and physical activity guidelines. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1300 shift workers. Data were collected using a 15 minute telephone-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression methods were used for data analysis. Results Male shift workers (p<0.001, OR=0.55, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.74) and those of lower socioeconomic status (p=0.046, OR=0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.99) were significantly less likely to consume five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables. Shift workers with access to workplace vending machines were significantly more likely to consume soft drinks at least weekly (p=0.003, OR=1.64, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.27). Middle-aged shift workers (p=0.012, OR=0.65, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.91) and those reporting insufficient break times at work (p=0.026, OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.96) were significantly less likely to be sufficiently active. Conclusions Individual, work schedule and workplace environment related factors were independently associated with selected indicators of adherence to dietary and physical activity guidelines in this cohort of shift workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Kelly
- Department of Public Health, Merlin Park Regional Hospital, Galway, Ireland.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona M Nea
- School of Biological Sciences, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Centre for Molecular Biosciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - John M Kearney
- School of Biological Sciences, Technological University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Victoria O'Brien
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Barbara E Livingstone
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), Centre for Molecular Biosciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Clare A Corish
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Abstract
At the core of human thought, for the majority of individuals in the developed nations at least, there is the tacit assumption that as a species we are unfettered by the demands imposed by our biology and that we can do what we want, at whatever time we choose, whereas in reality every aspect of our physiology and behaviour is constrained by a 24 h beat arising from deep within our evolution. Our daily circadian rhythms and sleep/wake cycle allow us to function optimally in a dynamic world, adjusting our biology to the demands imposed by the day/night cycle. The themes developed in this review focus upon the growing realization that we ignore the circadian and sleep systems at our peril, and this paper considers the mechanisms that generate and regulate circadian and sleep systems; what happens mechanistically when these systems collapse as a result of societal pressures and disease; how sleep disruption and stress are linked; why sleep disruption and mental illness invariably occur together; and how individuals and employers can attempt to mitigate some of the problems associated with working against our internal temporal biology. While some of the health costs of sleep disruption can be reduced, in the short-term at least, there will always be significant negative consequences associated with shift work and sleep loss. With this in mind, society needs to address this issue and decide when the consequences of sleep disruption are justified in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell G. Foster
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi) and Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, OMPI, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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21
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A Qualitative Exploration of Shift Work and Employee Well-Being in the US Manufacturing Environment. J Occup Environ Med 2020; 62:303-306. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000001823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Shaw E, Dorrian J, Coates AM, Leung GKW, Davis R, Rosbotham E, Warnock R, Huggins CE, Bonham MP. Temporal pattern of eating in night shift workers. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:1613-1625. [PMID: 31495232 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1660358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding shift workers dietary intake patterns may inform interventions targeted at lowering chronic disease risk. This study examined the temporal distribution of food intake as shift workers rotate between night shifts, day shift and/or days off to identify differences in energy intake, eating frequency, and adherence to dietary guidelines by shift type (night shift vs. day). Night shift (NS) workers completed a four-day food diary that included a minimum of two night shifts and one-day shift (DS)/day off (DO), recording all food, beverages and time of consumption. Comparisons were between shift types, using ANOVA for continuous data and generalized estimating equations for count data, data reported as mean (SE). When comparing NS and DSDO, there were no differences in energy intake (24 h) (8853 (702) vs. 9041 (605) kJ, n = 22) or adherence to dietary guidelines. There was no difference between the number of eating occasions on NS and DSDO (5.6(0.3) vs 5.1(0.6) occasions) but less energy per eating occasion at night (1661(125) vs 1933(159) kJ). When working NS compared with DSDO there was higher total sugar (%E, 19.1(2.0) vs 15.0(2.4)) and lower saturated fat (%E, 13.8(1.2) vs 15.7(1.3)). Further, DSDO were characterized by a pattern of three main meals and a prolonged fasting period. It is important to determine if reducing eating occasions and providing opportunities for fasting improves metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Shaw
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Level 1, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Alison M Coates
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gloria K W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Level 1, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rochelle Davis
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Level 1, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erika Rosbotham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Level 1, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Rebekah Warnock
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Level 1, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Catherine E Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Level 1, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Level 1, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Zhang X, Lee S, Luo H, Liu H. A prediction model of sleep disturbances among female nurses by using the BP‐ANN. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27:1123-1130. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Faculty of School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shih‐Yu Lee
- Faculty of School of Nursing University of Texas at Tyler Tyler Texas
| | - Honghui Luo
- Faculty of Medical Examination Center Peking Union Medical College Hospital Beijing China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Director of WHO Collaborating Center for Nursing Policy‐Making and Quality Management Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
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24
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Dorrian J, Centofanti S, Smith A, McDermott KD. Self-regulation and social behavior during sleep deprivation. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2019; 246:73-110. [PMID: 31072564 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An emerging literature is specifically focusing on the effects of sleep deprivation on aspects of social functioning and underlying neural changes. Two critical facets of social behavior emerge that are negatively impacted by sleep deprivation-self-regulation, which includes behavioral and emotional regulation, and social monitoring, which includes perceiving and interpreting cues relating to self and others. Sleep deprived individuals performing tasks with social components show altered brain activity in areas of the prefrontal cortex implicated in self-control, inhibition, evaluation, and decision-making, in proximity to mesocorticolimbic pathways to reward and emotional processing areas. These cognitive changes lead to increased reward seeking and behaviors that promote negative health outcomes (such as increased consumption of indulgence foods). These changes also lead to emotional disinhibition and increased responses to negative stimuli, leading to reductions in trust, empathy, and humor. Concomitant attentional instability leads to impaired social information processing, impairing individual and team performance and increasing likelihood of error, incident, and injury. Together, changes to reward seeking, the foundational components of social interaction, and interpretation of social cues, can result in unpleasant or deviant behavior. These behaviors are perceived and negatively responded to by others, leading to a cycle of conflict and withdrawal. Further studies are necessary and timely. Educational and behavioral interventions are required to reduce health-damaging behaviors, and to reduce emotionally-laden negative interpretation of sleep-deprived exchanges. This may assist with health, and with team cohesion (and improved performance and safety) in the workplace and the home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Dorrian
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work, and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Stephanie Centofanti
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work, and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Smith
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work, and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kathryn Demos McDermott
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and The Miriam Hospital, Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, Providence, RI, United States
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25
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An investigation into the lifestyle and dietary characteristics of normal weight versus overweight and obese shift workers on the island of Ireland. Proc Nutr Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665118000988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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