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TOMITA Y, KAMEDA, M, SENOO T, TOKUYAMA E, SUGAHARA C, YABUNO S, OKAZAKI Y, KAWAUCHI S, HOSOMOTO K, SASAKI T, YASUHARA T, DATE I. Growth Curves for Intracranial Volume and Two-dimensional Parameters for Japanese Children without Cranial Abnormality: Toward Treatment of Craniosynostosis. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2022; 62:89-96. [PMID: 34776463 PMCID: PMC8841234 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.oa.2021-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the management of patients with craniosynostosis, it is important to understand growth curve of the normal cranium. Although three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) images taken in thin slices are easily available nowadays, data on the growth curves of intracranial volume (ICV), cranial length, cranial width, and cranial height in the normal cranium are mainly based on older studies using radiography, and there are insufficient reports using CT images especially taken in thin slices. The purpose of this study was to establish growth curves in the normal cranium of Japanese children using thin-slice images. Cranial images of 106 subjects (57 males, 49 females; aged 0-83 months) without significant cranial abnormalities were retrospectively analyzed. Using thin-slice CT images, the ICV and two-dimensional parameters such as cranial length, cranial width, and cranial height were measured by iPlan, followed by generating growth curves and calculating cephalic index (CI). ICV calculated from thin-slice CT images was compared with that obtained by substituting two-dimensional parameters into Mackinnon formula. The ICV growth curves for males and females were similar in shape. As with the ICV, the two-dimensional parameters increased most rapidly in the first year after birth. There was no significant difference in CI between the sexes or among any age groups. ICV calculated from thin-slice 3D CT images was 60% of that obtained from Mackinnon formula. These data will enable us to compare these specific measurements in craniosynostosis patients directly with those of normal children, which will hopefully help in managing these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke TOMITA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro KAMEDA,
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaya SENOO
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Eijiro TOKUYAMA
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chiaki SUGAHARA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru YABUNO
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yosuke OKAZAKI
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoshi KAWAUCHI
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kakeru HOSOMOTO
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya SASAKI
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao YASUHARA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Isao DATE
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
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Badiuk SR, Sasaki DK, Rickey DW. An anthropomorphic maxillofacial phantom using 3-dimensional printing, polyurethane rubber and epoxy resin for dental imaging and dosimetry. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2022; 51:20200323. [PMID: 34133225 PMCID: PMC8693332 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to construct an anthropomorphic maxillofacial phantom for dental imaging and dosimetry purposes using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and materials that simulate the radiographic properties of tissues. METHODS Stereolithography photoreactive resins, polyurethane rubber and epoxy resin were modified by adding calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate powders or glass bubbles. These additives were used to change the materials' CT numbers to mimic various body tissues. A maxillofacial phantom was designed using CT images of a head. RESULTS Commercial 3D printing resins were found to have CT numbers near 120 HU and were used to print intervertebral discs and an external skin for the maxillofacial phantom. By adding various amounts of calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate powders the CT number of the resin was raised to 1000 & 1500 HU and used to print bone mimics. Epoxy resin modified by adding glass bubbles was used in assembly and as a cartilaginous mimic. Glass bubbles were added to polyurethane rubber to reduce the CT number to simulate soft tissue and filled spaces between the printed anatomy and external skin of the phantom. CONCLUSION The maxillofacial phantom designed for dental imaging and dosimetry constructed using 3D printing, polyurethane rubbers and epoxy resins represented a patient anatomically and radiographically. The results of the designed phantom, materials and assembly process can be applied to generate different phantoms that better represent diverse patient types and accommodate different ion chambers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawyer Rhae Badiuk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Yamauchi-Kawaura C, Fujii K, Yamauchi M, Imai K, Ikeda M, Narai K, Shimizu H. DEVELOPMENT OF A JAPANESE INFANT HEAD-CHEST PHANTOM AND INVESTIGATION OF THE CURRENT STATUS OF INFANT HEAD CT EXAMINATIONS IN JAPAN. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 188:65-72. [PMID: 31836891 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a head-chest phantom that could mimic the physique of a Japanese 0.5-year-old child and to investigate the current status of exposure dose in infant head computed tomography examinations in Japan. The phantom was produced by machine processing, and radiophotoluminescence glass dosemeters were installed in the phantom for dose measurement. Organ doses were measured for seven different head scan protocols routinely used in three hospitals. In this study, the average dose of the brain and lens within the scan region was equivalent to that measured using infant phantoms in previous studies. In contrast, the doses of both salivary glands and thyroid glands adjacent to the scan region were 1.4-1.8 times higher than those in previous studies. Expansion of the scan area accompanied by a transition of the scan mode from non-helical to helical may have resulted in the differences in organ doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Yamauchi-Kawaura
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - K Fujii
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - M Yamauchi
- Division of Radiology, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - K Imai
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - M Ikeda
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, 1-1-20 Daikominami, Higashi-ku, Nagoya 461-8673, Japan
| | - K Narai
- Techno-Rad, Inc., 50-8, Higashi Arami, Tai, Miyama-cho, Kuze-gun, Kyoto 613-0036, Japan
| | - H Shimizu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan
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