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Sloover M, Stoltz SEM, van Ee E. Parent-Child Communication About Potentially Traumatic Events: A Systematic Review. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:2115-2127. [PMID: 37946404 PMCID: PMC11155229 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231207906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Social support plays an important role in children's well-being after experiencing a potentially traumatic event (PTE). One such source of support is the parent-child relationship, specifically by discussing the event. However, current literature provides no consensus on whether parents and children communicate about PTEs, in what way they might communicate and how this affects the child. Hence the goal of the current study is threefold, to explore: (a) whether parents and children communicate about PTEs, (b) what this communication looks like, and (c) how this affects children's well-being. These questions are answered by means of a systematic literature review. Articles were eligible for inclusion if it was an empirical study on communication between parents and children about a PTE that the child (under 18 years) had experienced. Initial searches in electronic databases provided 31,233 articles, of which 26 were deemed eligible for inclusion. Results show that most parents and children have discussed PTEs, but that this may depend on cultural background. What the parent-child communication looks like depends on various factors such as, age of the child, tone, and child's initiation of discussion. Parental post-traumatic stress symptoms seem to negatively impact communication. The results of the impact of communication are less clear-cut, but it seems to have a predominantly positive effect on the child's well-being, depending on parental sensitivity. Clinicians should be watchful for parental symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and can focus on promoting parental sensitivity and responsiveness when discussing PTEs with their child or on creating a joint narrative within families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisa van Ee
- Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Psychotraumacentrum Zuid Nederland, Reinier van Arkel, s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
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Son H, Kim N. Therapeutic Parent-Child Communication and Health Outcomes in the Childhood Cancer Context: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2152. [PMID: 38893270 PMCID: PMC11172360 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Family communication has been thought to be an important area to support children's adjustment to a cancer diagnosis. However, the characteristics of therapeutic parent-child communication that contribute to better patient outcomes and the specific patient health outcomes have been less explored. This current review explored the characteristics of therapeutic parent-child communication and its physical and psychological health outcomes. A total of 5034 articles were initially identified, and only 10 articles remained for inclusion in this review after application of the exclusion criteria. Most studies used a cross-sectional design and measured verbal communication characteristics and its psychological outcomes, but no physical outcomes. The characteristics of therapeutic verbal communication (openness, maternal validation, quality of information shared, etc.) and nonverbal communication (eye contact, close physical distance, and acknowledging behaviors) were identified. The psychological health outcomes included less distress, a lower level of PTSS, less internalizing and externalizing of symptoms, increased levels of social emotional competencies, better peer relationships, and more cooperation during the procedure at the individual level. Increased family cohesion and family adaptation were family-level outcomes. Longitudinal studies are needed to identify what qualities of communication predict better psychological outcomes so that interventions can be developed and tested. In addition, physical outcomes should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyeon Son
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Nani Kim
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, 1710 Red River St., Austin, TX 78712, USA;
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Zapf H, Boettcher J, Haukeland Y, Orm S, Coslar S, Fjermestad K. A systematic review of the association between parent-child communication and adolescent mental health. JCPP ADVANCES 2024; 4:e12205. [PMID: 38827979 PMCID: PMC11143954 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This systematic review addresses how adolescent-rated parent-child communication (PCC) quality is related to adolescent mental health. Methods We performed a systematic literature search in Medline and APA PsycInfo, including peer-reviewed quantitative studies examining associations between adolescent-rated dyadic PCC quality and general as well as specific measures of adolescent mental health. Qualitative and case studies were excluded, as were studies reporting only parent-rated communication quality or instruments assessing other constructs than dyadic PCC. We screened 5314 articles, of which 37 were included in the review. We assessed study quality with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results We synthesized the findings in a table and narratively, reporting the main outcomes organized according to mental health constructs. The included studies were mainly cross-sectional. The results showed that adolescent-rated PCC quality is negatively associated with mental health constructs, demonstrating small to large effects across different mental health constructs and populations. The associations were found for general mental health and specific domains, including depression, anxiety, psychosis, suicidal ideation, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and addictive internet use/gaming. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that PCC is a relevant variable to consider in assessing adolescent mental health and preventive efforts. Limitations include the exclusive focus on adolescent-reported PCC questionnaires since parent- and observer-rated instruments may lead to different results. Also, PCC is related to other constructs, such as dyadic relationships, that were not included in this review. We conclude that PCC is a relevant variable to consider in mental health research. Our findings suggest that PCC may be considered in mental health practice, both in terms of assessing its quality and potentially by tailoring interventions to enhance PCC. These may represent a mean to promote adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Zapf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Johannes Boettcher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | | | - Stian Orm
- Division Mental Health CareInnlandet Hospital TrustOsloNorway
- Frambu Resource Centre for Rare DisordersOsloNorway
| | - Sarah Coslar
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social SciencesUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Krister Fjermestad
- Frambu Resource Centre for Rare DisordersOsloNorway
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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Ye Y, Li Y, Jin S, Huang J, Ma R, Wang X, Zhou X. Family Function and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:3151-3169. [PMID: 36226805 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221126182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Family function reflects the operating status of the family system, which plays a vital role in children's mental health. The current meta-analysis examined the association between family function and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents for the first time. Studies published from 1980 to 2021 were identified via searching and screening. We identified 31 studies (91 unique effects) with 8,684 children. A three-level meta-analysis revealed that overall family function was negatively associated with PTSD (r = -0.205). Among elements of family function, family affect (r = -0.251), communication (r = -0.221), and cohesion (r = -0.184) were associated with less PTSD, whereas family conflict (r = 0.228) was associated with more PTSD in children. Family flexibility (r = -0.103) was not associated with PTSD. Moderator analyses revealed differences between various types of trauma events and family function scales. The findings highlight the differences in the roles of the elements of family function and suggest that interventions should be focused on targeting specific elements of family function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ye
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxian Jin
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jiali Huang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Wang YY, Huang XC, Yuan J, Wu YB. Exploring the Link between Family Health and Health Literacy among College Students: The Mediating Role of Psychological Resilience. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1859. [PMID: 37444692 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancing health literacy is of the utmost importance to enhance the physical and mental well-being of college students. Unfortunately, there has been limited research investigating the means of improving college students' health literacy through the perspective of families. Family health is an interdisciplinary and complex concept that involves multiple factors, and it provides a holistic perspective on the overall well-being of the family unit. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between family health and health literacy and scrutinize the mediating role of psychological resilience. A valid sample of 5473 students was collected from a university in November-December 2022 and was assessed using regression analysis. The findings reveal that family health has a positive association with the health literacy of college students (β = 0.56, p < 0.001), with psychological resilience playing a critical mediating role (β = 0.11, 95% CI: [0.09, 0.13]). Therefore, the family ought to be recognized as a fundamental mechanism to enhance college students' health literacy. Additionally, it is essential to emphasize the amelioration of psychological distress among college students and enhance their psychological resilience, which will be helpful for their overall health consciousness and proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Xin-Cheng Huang
- School of Economics and Management, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Jitang College of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100080, China
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Zapf H, Boettcher J, Haukeland Y, Orm S, Coslar S, Wiegand-Grefe S, Fjermestad K. A Systematic Review of Parent-Child Communication Measures: Instruments and Their Psychometric Properties. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2023; 26:121-142. [PMID: 36166179 PMCID: PMC9879831 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00414-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child communication represents an important variable in clinical child and family psychology due to its association with a variety of psychosocial outcomes. To give an overview of instruments designed to measure the quality of parent-child communication from the child's (8-21 years) perspective and to assess the psychometric quality of these instruments, we performed a systematic literature search in Medline and PsycInfo (last: February 25, 2022). Peer-reviewed journal articles published in English with a child-rated instrument measuring the quality of parent-child communication were included. Initial screening for eligibility and inclusion, subsequent data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by couples of review team members. Based on the screening of 5115 articles, 106 studies reported in 126 papers were included. We identified 12 parent-child communication instruments across the studies. The Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS) was used in 75% of the studies. On average, the evidence for psychometric quality of the instruments was low. Few instruments were used in clinical and at-risk samples. Several instruments are available to rate parent-child communication from the child's perspective. However, their psychometric evidence is limited and the theoretical foundation is largely undocumented. This review has limitations with regard to selection criteria and language bias.Registration PROSPERO: CRD42021255264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Zapf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Boettcher
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stian Orm
- Division Mental Health Care, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Sarah Coslar
- Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Wiegand-Grefe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Gong F, Lei Z, Gong Z, Min H, Ge P, Guo Y, Ming WK, Sun X, Wu Y. The Role of Family Health in Mediating the Association between Smartphone Use and Health Risk Behaviors among Chinese Adolescent Students: A National Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13378. [PMID: 36293956 PMCID: PMC9603663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The direct impact of smartphones on health risk behaviors of adolescent students has been verified. However, the mediating mechanisms that underly this relationship remain largely unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study is to explore the role of family health in mediating the relationship between the frequency of smartphone use and adolescent students' health risk behaviors. A questionnaire was used to collect cross-sectional data from 693 adolescent students aged 12-18 in China and a structural equation model was analyzed. Among the nine health risk behaviors, the most frequent health risk behaviors in Chinese adolescent students were non-compliance walking behaviors (M=Mean; SD = Standard deviation) (M ± SD) (2.78 ± 1.747), eating unhygienic food (M ± SD) (2.23 ± 1.299), being subjected to physical violence (M ± SD) (2.19 ± 0.645), and leaving home (M ± SD) (2.13 ± 0.557). The SEM results showed that the adolescent students' smartphone use had a positive impact on delaying the age of first alcohol consumption (β = 0.167, CI:0.067 0.287) and a negative impact on the non-compliance walking behaviors (β = 0.176, CI:0.011 0.266). Family health plays an indirect-only mediated role (the proportions of indirect-only mediated roles are 11.2%, 12.4%, and 11.5%) in the relationship between smartphone use and adolescent students' partial health risk behaviors: (CI: -0.042 -0.002), (CI: -0.049 -0.005), and (CI: -0.043 -0.002). These findings provided a theoretical and practical basis for better interventions in adolescent health risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmin Gong
- School of Literature and Journalism Communication, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Zhaowen Lei
- School of Literature and Journalism Communication, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Zhuliu Gong
- School of Literature and Journalism Communication, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China
| | - Hewei Min
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pu Ge
- Bachelor of Pharmacy Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yi Guo
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wai-Kit Ming
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xinying Sun
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Wang Y, Luo B, Hong B, Yang M, Zhao L, Jia P. The relationship between family functioning and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: A structural equation modeling analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:193-200. [PMID: 35472474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that depressive symptoms, emotional competence, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) may mediate the association between family functioning and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mediation effects of depressive symptoms, emotional competence, and COVID-related PTSS on the relationship between family functioning and NSSI in adolescents. METHOD A sample of 5854 adolescents was recruited from June 16 to July 8, 2020. The data for family functioning, depressive symptoms, emotional competence, COVID-related PTSS, and NSSI behavior of adolescents were collected via self-reported questionnaires. A structural equation model was constructed to examine the relationship, and a bootstrap analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediation effects. RESULTS The reporting rate of adolescent NSSI was 30.2%. The poor family functioning was positively associated with adolescent NSSI (β = 0.130, 95% CI = 0.093-0.182), which was mediated by depression with effect size of 0.231 (95% CI = 0.201-0.257). The pathway coefficients between emotional competence and NSSI, and depression, COVID-related PTSS and NSSI, though statistically significant were unlikely to be clinically meaning with values of 0.057 and 0.015. There was no mediating effect by COVID-related PTSS. The pathways initially constructed between family functioning and COVID-related PTSS, emotional capacity and COVID-related PTSS were not been verified. LIMITATIONS It was unclear whether this mediational effect would be supported in a longitudinal design. The application and extension of this model toward other regions and countries, and different ages need to be further explored. CONCLUSION The interventions of adolescent NSSI should focus on both the family level and individual levels. Improving family environment, screening depressive symptoms, enhancing emotional competence and lessening COVID-related PTSS may reduce NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biru Luo
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binxue Hong
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Health, Art and Design, Swinbune Technology University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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9
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McKinley CE, Lilly J. "It's in the family circle": Communication promoting Indigenous family resilience. FAMILY RELATIONS 2022; 71:108-129. [PMID: 35068640 PMCID: PMC8769362 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We use the Framework of Historical Oppression, Resilience, and Transcendence (FHORT) to investigate the framework's core concept of family resilience and related protective and promotive factors that contribute to greater resilience, namely communication. BACKGROUND Scant research has examined communication in Indigenous families; yet general research suggests that family communication is a prominent aspect of family resilience. METHODS In this exploratory sequential mixed-methods study with data from 563 Indigenous participants (n = 436 qualitative and n = 127 quantitative survey), thematic reconstructive analysis was used to qualitatively understand participants' experiences of family communication and quantitatively examine protective factors for family resilience. RESULTS The following themes related to family communication as a component of family resilience emerged from qualitative analysis: "It's in the Family Circle": Discussing Problems as a Family with the subtheme: Honesty between Partners; (b) "Never Bring Adult Business into Kids' Lives": Keeping Adult Conversations Private; and (c) "Trust Us Enough to Come to Us": Open Communication between Parents and Children. Regression analysis indicated that higher community and social support, relationship quality, and life satisfaction were associated with greater family resilience. CONCLUSIONS Positive communication practices are a strong component of resilience, healthy Indigenous families. Promotive factors at the community (social and community support), relational (relationship quality), and individual (life satisfaction) levels positively contribute to Indigenous family resilience. IMPLICATIONS Clinical programs providing practical tools to foster healthy communication - both about difficult topics as well as positive topics - are promising avenues to foster resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jenn Lilly
- Fordham School of Social Work, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Orozco-Solís MG, Bravo-Andrade HR, Ruvalcaba-Romero NA, Alfaro-Beracoechea LN. Teen resilience: the role of school and family connectedness. REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN 2021. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2021.8.1.7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of connectedness with family and school is an element associated with the psychosocial development in adolescents, being a factor that can influence the way they respond against adversity and adjust to change. This study aimed to establish the predictive value of intrafamilial relationships and connectedness with school, teachers, and between students on resilience in Mexican high school adolescents. The sample consisted of 645 students (50.7% female), with an age range of 12 to 16 years old (M = 13.35, SD = 0.99), from a public high school of México. Participants answered the Intrafamilial Relations Assessment Scale, the subscales of social connectedness with school and students of the MDS3 School Climate Survey, and the revised Resilience Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents. The results indicated moderate positive associations between the study variables and resilience. The higher coefficients were found between intrafamilial relationships and resilience. In the predictive analysis, intrafamilial relationship, connectedness with school and between students, conserved its significance for predicting resilience, with family relationships maintaining the highest coefficient. Results suggest that the family environment is the main factor that shapes how adolescents cope with adversity. Limitations and practical implications are discussed. We conclude it is important to generate strategies that promote a higher adolescent connectedness with key environments for the development of protective factors such as resilience.
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11
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Kidd KM, Hill A, Sequeira GM, McMillan C, Switzer G, Rofey D, Miller E, Montano GT. Development and Psychometric Analysis of the Transgender Family Acceptance To Empowerment (TransFATE) Scale. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:1096-1103. [PMID: 33268218 PMCID: PMC8053728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parent and caregiver support can reduce health disparities experienced by gender diverse youth (GDY). Parent and caregiver empowerment improves health outcomes for children with medical and mental health diagnoses, but no existing scale measures this construct in families of GDY. We aimed to develop a scale measuring empowerment in parents and caregivers of GDY. METHODS We adapted two existing scales and added investigator-derived items to create a survey instrument. We revised using input from focus groups and experts assessing face and content validity. Using the revised scale, we surveyed parents and caregivers of GDY from across the U.S. to assess the construct validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, and convergent validity. RESULTS The initial 67 items were reduced to 42 items after face and content validity analyses. Parents and caregivers (n = 309) from 31 states completed the revised measure. Most participants were white (81.4%), mothers (69.3%), and parenting a gender diverse child who identifies on the binary (transmasculine, male, transfeminine, or female; 91.3%). Exploratory factor analyses showed a two-factor solution: Factor 1 having 10 items (Cronbach's alpha = .86) and Factor 2 having six items (Cronbach's alpha = .86). Our confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated good fit (Comparative Factor Index = .972, Tucker-Lewis Index = .968, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = .060 [90% confidence interval = .410-.078], and Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = .062). CONCLUSIONS The Transgender Family Acceptance To Empowerment (TransFATE) scale demonstrates face, content, and construct validity among a geographically diverse sample of GDY's parents and caregivers. This scale has the potential to aid in developing and evaluating programs focused on building stronger social supports for GDY through increased family empowerment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacie M Kidd
- Center for Adolescent & Young Adult Health, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| | - Amber Hill
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gina M Sequeira
- Center for Adolescent & Young Adult Health, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Calvin McMillan
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Galen Switzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dana Rofey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Center for Adolescent & Young Adult Health, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerald T Montano
- Center for Adolescent & Young Adult Health, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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12
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Dong C, Xu R, Xu L. Relationship of childhood trauma, psychological resilience, and family resilience among undergraduate nursing students: A cross-sectional study. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2021; 57:852-859. [PMID: 32959906 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze how family resilience mediates the relationship between childhood trauma and psychological resilience in undergraduate nursing students. DESIGN AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey design was used to investigate 698 nursing undergraduate students (mean age: 18.77 ± 0.86 years) using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Family Resilience Assessment Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. The mediating effect of family resilience was estimated using structural equation modeling and the bootstrap method. FINDINGS Both childhood trauma and family resilience were associated with psychological resilience. Family resilience showed a partial mediating effect between childhood trauma and psychological resilience, accounting for 21.5% of the total effect. PRACTICE IMPLICATION Our findings may help inform family interventions to improve the psychological resilience of nursing students, especially for those with childhood trauma experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Dong
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ru Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Crandall A, Weiss-Laxer NS, Broadbent E, Holmes EK, Magnusson BM, Okano L, Berge JM, Barnes MD, Hanson CL, Jones BL, Novilla LB. The Family Health Scale: Reliability and Validity of a Short- and Long-Form. Front Public Health 2020; 8:587125. [PMID: 33330329 PMCID: PMC7717993 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.587125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Families strongly influence the health of communities and individuals across the life course, but no validated measure of family health exists. The absence of such a measure has limited the examination of family health trends and the intersection of family health with individual and community health. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Family Health Scale (FHS), creating a multi-factor long-form and a uniform short-form. The primary sample included 1,050 adults recruited from a national quota sample Qualtrics panel. Mplus version 7 was used to analyze the data using a structural equation modeling framework. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed a 32-item, 4-factor long-form scale. The four factors included (1) family social and emotional health processes; (2) family healthy lifestyle; (3) family health resources; and (4) family external social supports. A 10-item short-form of the FHS was also validated in the initial sample and a second sample of 401 adults. Both the long-form and short-form FHS correlated in the expected direction with validated measures of family functioning and healthy lifestyle. A preliminary assessment of clinical cutoffs in the short-form were correlated with depression risk. The FHS offers the potential to assess family health trends and to develop accessible, de-identified databases on the well-being of families. Important next steps include validating the scale among multiple family members and collecting longitudinal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- AliceAnn Crandall
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Nomi S Weiss-Laxer
- Department of Family Medicine, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Eliza Broadbent
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Erin Kramer Holmes
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | | | - Lauren Okano
- Puget Sound Educational Service District, Renton, WA, United States
| | - Jerica M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael D Barnes
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Carl Lee Hanson
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Blake L Jones
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - Len B Novilla
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
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14
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Son H, Yang Y, Crego N, Docherty SL. Communication Challenges in Korean Families Coping With Adolescent Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2020; 47:E190-E198. [PMID: 33063788 DOI: 10.1188/20.onf.e190-e198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the family communication experience of Korean adolescents with cancer and their parents, including how adolescents and their parents verbally share feelings and concerns related to the adolescent's cancer diagnosis with one another, and how emotional communication affects parent-adolescent relationships and the family's coping abilities. PARTICIPANTS & SETTING 20 participants (10 adolescents with cancer, aged 13-19 years, and their parents) at a university-affiliated hospital in Seoul, South Korea. METHODOLOGIC APPROACH Individual, semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed based on a qualitative descriptive approach. Conventional content analysis was employed to analyze the data. FINDINGS The overarching core theme developed from the content analysis and theme generation was "I cannot share my feelings." This core theme is represented by three main themes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Increased need for nursing awareness and culturally relevant assessment of emotional family communication needs between Korean adolescents with cancer and their family caregivers are necessary.
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15
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Dyregrov A, Kristensen P. Information to Bereaved Families Following Catastrophic Losses. Why Is It Important? JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2019.1710954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atle Dyregrov
- Faculty of Psychology, Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pål Kristensen
- Faculty of Psychology, Center for Crisis Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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16
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Isaacs SA, Roman NV, Savahl S. The development of a family resilience-strengthening programme for families in a South African rural community. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2018; 46:616-635. [PMID: 31682289 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a contextually based family resilience program. Also presented here is a literature review of family resilience interventions suggesting that these 3 processes are the basis for effective family functioning. A close collaboration with the community ensured an adequate understanding of the presenting family challenges and this article describes the process in developing a program based on these challenges. A 3-round Delphi design was used for the study with international and local experts (n = 10) in the field of family and resilience studies and community stakeholders (n = 5). The program has three main aims: to increase family connectedness, family communication processes and social and economic resources. Based on the findings of this study, 4 modules will be presented to participants, "about family," "talking together," "close together," and "working together." A description is provided of the program content and decisions regarding logistical program concerns.
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