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El Muayed M, Wang JC, Wong WP, Metzger BE, Zumpf KB, Gurra MG, Sponenburg RA, Hayes MG, Scholtens DM, Lowe LP, Lowe WL. Urinary metal profiles in mother-offspring pairs and their association with early dysglycemia in the International Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow Up Study (HAPO-FUS). JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 33:855-864. [PMID: 36509832 PMCID: PMC10261541 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in dietary intake and environmental exposure patterns of essential and non-essential trace metals influence many aspects of human health throughout the life span. OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between urine profiles of essential and non-essential metals in mother-offspring pairs and their association with early dysglycemia. METHODS Herein, we report findings from an ancillary study to the international Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-Up Study (HAPO-FUS) that examined urinary essential and non-essential metal profiles from mothers and offspring ages 10-14 years (1012 mothers, 1013 offspring, 968 matched pairs) from 10 international sites. RESULTS Our analysis demonstrated a diverse exposure pattern across participating sites. In multiple regression modelling, a positive association between markers of early dysglycemia and urinary zinc was found in both mothers and offspring after adjustment for common risk factors for diabetes. The analysis showed weaker, positive, and negative associations of the 2-h glucose value with urinary selenium and arsenic respectively. A positive association between 2-h glucose values and cadmium was found only in mothers in the fully adjusted model when participants with established diabetes were excluded. There was a high degree of concordance between mother and offspring urinary metal profiles. Mother-to-offspring urinary metal ratios were unique for each metal, providing insights into changes in their homeostasis across the lifespan. SIGNIFICANCE Urinary levels of essential and non-essential metals are closely correlated between mothers and their offspring in an international cohort. Urinary levels of zinc, selenium, arsenic, and cadmium showed varying degrees of association with early dysglycemia in a comparatively healthy cohort with a low rate of preexisting diabetes. IMPACT STATEMENT Our data provides novel evidence for a strong correlation between mother and offspring urinary metal patterns with a unique mother-to-offspring ratio for each metal. The study also provides new evidence for a strong positive association between early dysglycemia and urinary zinc, both in mothers and offspring. Weaker positive associations with urinary selenium and cadmium and negative associations with arsenic were also found. The low rate of preexisting diabetes in this population provides the unique advantage of minimizing the confounding effect of preexisting, diabetes related renal changes that would alter the relationship between dysglycemia and renal metal excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek El Muayed
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Janice C Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Winifred P Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Boyd E Metzger
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katelyn B Zumpf
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Miranda G Gurra
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sponenburg
- Quantitative Bio-element Imaging Centre, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Denise M Scholtens
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lynn P Lowe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - William L Lowe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Comparative assessment of blood Metal/metalloid levels, clinical heterogeneity, and disease severity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:12-19. [PMID: 35007622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is an unremitting neurodegenerative (ND) disease characterized by progressive and fatal loss of motor neuron function. While underlying mechanisms for ALS susceptibility are complex, current understanding suggests that interactions between age, genetic, and environmental factors may be the key. Environmental exposure to metal/metalloids has been implicated in various ND diseases including ALS, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, most of currently available population-based ALS studies in relation to metal exposure are based on individuals from European ancestry, while East Asian populations, especially cohorts from China, are less well-characterized. This study aims to examine the association between metal/metalloid levels and ALS onset by evaluating blood cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), Cu, Zn, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and iron (Fe) levels in controls and sporadic ALS patients from North Western China. We report that Cu and Fe levels are found at higher levels in ALS patients compared to the controls. Spinal and bulbar onset patients show significant difference in Ca levels. Moreover, Cd, Pb, Cu, and Ca levels are positively correlated with high disease severity. Results from this study may provide new insights for understanding not only the role of metal/metalloids in ALS susceptibility, but also progression and forms of onset.
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Knoell DL, Wyatt TA. The adverse impact of cadmium on immune function and lung host defense. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 115:70-76. [PMID: 33158728 PMCID: PMC10603789 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a transition metal, also referred to as a heavy metal, that is naturally abundant in the earth's crust. It has no known benefit to humans. It is primarily released into our environment through mining and smelting in industrial processes and enters the food chain through uptake by plants from contaminated soil and water. In humans, Cd primarily enters the body through ingestion of foods and cigarette smoke and has an extremely long resident half-life in the body compared to other transition metals. Environmental workplace exposure is also a source through inhalation, although much less common. The principal organs adversely affected by Cd following acute and chronic exposure are the kidneys, bone, vasculature and lung. Cd adversely impacts cell function through changes in gene expression and signal transduction and is recognized as a carcinogen. Despite a substantial body of mechanistic studies in cells and animal models, the overall impact of Cd on innate immune function in humans remains poorly understood. The best evidence is perhaps alteration of reactive oxygen species balance and signaling in cells that regulate innate immunity causing alteration of the inflammatory response that is postulated to contribute to chronic diseases. Epidemiologic studies support this possibility since increased tissue levels in humans are strongly associated with leading chronic diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which will be discussed in depth. Additional studies are required to understand how chronic exposure and accumulation of this leading environmental toxicant in vital organs negatively impact innate immune function and host defense leading to chronic disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren L Knoell
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- The University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health, Omaha NE 68198, USA; VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA.
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Wen X, Kozlosky D, Zhang R, Doherty C, Buckley B, Barrett E, Aleksunes LM. BCRP/ ABCG2 Transporter Regulates Accumulation of Cadmium in Kidney Cells: Role of the Q141K Variant in Modulating Nephrotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:629-637. [PMID: 34074729 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the environmental pollutant cadmium is ubiquitous, as it is present in cigarette smoke and the food supply. Over time, cadmium enters and accumulates in the kidneys, where it causes tubular injury. The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ATP-Binding Cassette G2 ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that mediates the urinary secretion of pharmaceuticals and toxins. The ABCG2 genetic variant Q141K exhibits altered membrane trafficking that results in reduced efflux of BCRP substrates. Here, we sought to 1) evaluate the in vitro and in vivo ability of BCRP to transport cadmium and protect kidney cells from toxicity and 2) determine whether this protection is impaired by the Q141K variant. Cadmium concentrations, cellular stress, and toxicity were quantified in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing an empty vector (EV), BCRP wild-type (WT), or variant (Q141K) gene. Treatment with CdCl2 resulted in greater accumulation of cadmium and apoptosis in EV cells relative to WT cells. Exposure to CdCl2 induced expression of stress-related genes and proteins including MT-1A/MT-2A, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, and heme oxygenase-1 to a higher extent in EV cells compared with WT cells. Notably, the Q141K variant protected against CdCl2-induced activation of stress genes and cytotoxicity, but this protection was to a lesser magnitude than observed with WT BCRP. Lastly, concentrations of cadmium in the kidneys of Bcrp knockout mice were 40% higher than in WT mice, confirming that cadmium is an in vivo substrate of BCRP. In conclusion, BCRP prevents the accumulation of cadmium and protects against toxicity, a response that is impaired by the Q141K variant. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The breast cancer resistance protein transporter lowers cellular accumulation of the toxic heavy metal cadmium. This protective function is partially attenuated by the Q141K genetic variant in the ABCG2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Danielle Kozlosky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Cathleen Doherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Brian Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
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Oggiano R, Pisano A, Sabalic A, Farace C, Fenu G, Lintas S, Forte G, Bocca B, Madeddu R. An overview on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cadmium. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:531-537. [PMID: 33280067 PMCID: PMC7843544 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04957-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review represents an update about the knowledge of the possible role of Cadmium (Cd) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) initiation and its progression. ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that occurs in adulthood; its etiology is unknown and leads to death within a few years from its appearance. Among the various possible causes that can favor the development of the disease, heavy metals cannot be excluded. Cadmium is a heavy metal that does not play a biological role, but its neurotoxicity is well known. Numerous in vitro studies on cell and animal models confirm the toxicity of the metal on the nervous system, but these data are not accompanied by an epidemiological evidence, and, thus, an unclear correlation between Cd and the onset of the disease can be pointed out. On the other hand, a possible multifactorial and synergic mechanism in which Cd may have a role can explain the ALS onset. More efforts in new clinical, biochemical, and epidemiological studies are necessary to better elucidate the involvement of Cd in this lethal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Oggiano
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Pisano
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Angela Sabalic
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cristiano Farace
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy
| | - Grazia Fenu
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Simone Lintas
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Forte
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Bocca
- Department of Environment and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Science - Histology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy. .,National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Rome, Italy.
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Nitz M, Smith D, Wysocki B, Knoell D, Wysocki T. Modeling of an immune response: Queuing network analysis of the impact of zinc and cadmium on macrophage activation. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:412-422. [PMID: 32970332 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is characterized by progressive, irreversible airflow obstruction resulting from an abnormal inflammatory response to noxious gases and particles. Alveolar macrophages rely on the transcription factors, nuclear factor κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase, among others, to facilitate the production of inflammatory mediators designed to help rid the lung of foreign pathogens and noxious stimuli. Building a kinetic model using queuing networks, provides a quantitative approach incorporating an initial number of individual molecules along with rates of the reactions in any given pathway. Accordingly, this model has been shown useful to model cell behavior including signal transduction, transcription, and metabolic pathways. The aim of this study was to determine whether a queuing theory model that involves lipopolysaccharide-mediated macrophage activation in tandem with changes in intracellular Cd and zinc (Zn) content or a lack thereof, would be useful to predict their impact on immune activation. We then validate our model with biologic cytokine output from human macrophages relative to the timing of innate immune activation. We believe that our results further prove the validity of the queuing theory approach to model intracellular molecular signaling and postulate that it can be useful to predict additional cell signaling pathways and the corresponding biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Nitz
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Deandra Smith
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Beata Wysocki
- Biology, University of Nebraska Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Daren Knoell
- Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tadeusz Wysocki
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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7
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Taylor CM, Doerner R, Northstone K, Kordas K. Maternal Diet During Pregnancy and Blood Cadmium Concentrations in an Observational Cohort of British Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040904. [PMID: 32224907 PMCID: PMC7230298 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the extent to which diet predicts body Cd concentrations among women of reproductive age, and pregnant women in particular. The aim of this study was to examine diet as a predictor of blood Cd concentrations in pregnant women participating in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Whole blood samples were analysed for Cd (median 0.26 (IQR 0.14–0.54) µg/L). Dietary pattern scores were derived from principal components analysis of data from a food frequency questionnaire. Associations between dietary pattern scores and foods/food groups with blood Cd ≥ median value were identified using adjusted logistic regression (n = 2169 complete cases). A health conscious dietary pattern was associated with a reduced likelihood of B-Cd ≥0.26 µg/l (OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.39–0.81)). There were similarly reduced likelihoods for all leafy green and green vegetables (0.72 (0.56–0.92) when consumed ≥4 times/week vs ≤1 to ≥3 times/week) and with all meats (0.66 (0.46–0.95) when consumed ≥4 times/week vs ≤ once in 2 weeks). Sensitivity analysis excluding smokers showed similar results. The evidence from this study provides continued support for a healthy and varied diet in pregnancy, incorporating foods from all food groups in accordance with national recommendations, without the need for specific guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. Taylor
- Centre for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 1–5 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2NU, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44(0)117-428-3099
| | - Rita Doerner
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; (R.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; (R.D.); (K.N.)
| | - Katarzyna Kordas
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
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Mimouna SB, Chemek M, Boughammoura S, Banni M, Messaoudi I. Early-Life Exposure to Cadmium Triggers Distinct Zn-Dependent Protein Expression Patterns and Impairs Brain Development. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:409-421. [PMID: 29164515 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the brain development impairment induced by early-life exposure to cadmium (Cd) could result from changes in the expression pattern of distinct zinc (Zn)-dependent proteins. For this purpose, adult female rats receiving either tap water, Cd, Zn, or Cd + Zn in their drinking water during gestation and lactation periods were used. After birth, the male offspring were screened for locomotors and sensorial defects. At postnatal day 21 (PND 21), the male pups were sacrificed and their brains, liver, and plasma were taken for chemical, biochemical, and molecular analyses. Our results show that exposure to Cd significantly increased the metal accumulation and decreased Zn concentrations in the brain of male pups from Cd-treated mothers. Besides, Cd exposure reduced significantly the locomotor activity of the offspring in open-field test, the body weight, and the cranio-caudal length at PND21. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) levels in the plasma and liver were also decreased in male pups from Cd-treated mothers. Cd-induced brain development disruption was accompanied by a significant increase of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, induction of the metallothionein (MT) synthesis, and, at the molecular level, by an upregulation of Zrt-,Irt-related protein 6 (ZIP6) gene and a significant downregulation of the expression of the Zn transporter 3 (ZnT3) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) genes in the brain. No significant changes on the expression of genes encoding other Zn-dependent proteins and factors such as ZnT1, ZIP12, NF-κB, and Zif268. Interestingly, Zn supplementation provided a total or partial correction of the changes induced by the Cd exposure. These data indicated that changes in expression of ZnT3 and ZIP6 as well as alteration of other transcription factors, such as BDNF, or Zn-dependent proteins, such as SOD and MTs, in response to Cd exposure might be an underlying mechanism of Cd-induced brain development impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ben Mimouna
- LR11ES41: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Marouane Chemek
- LR11ES41: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Sana Boughammoura
- LR11ES41: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Toxicologie Environnementale, ISA, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- LR11ES41: Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut de Biotechnologie, Université de Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
- Institut de Biotechnologie, Imed MESSAOUDI, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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9
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Wong WP, Allen NB, Meyers MS, Link EO, Zhang X, MacRenaris KW, El Muayed M. Exploring the Association Between Demographics, SLC30A8 Genotype, and Human Islet Content of Zinc, Cadmium, Copper, Iron, Manganese and Nickel. Sci Rep 2017; 7:473. [PMID: 28352089 PMCID: PMC5428289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A widely prevalent single nucleotide polymorphism, rs13266634 in the SLC30A8 gene encoding the zinc transporter ZnT8, is associated with an increased risk for T2DM. ZnT8 is mostly expressed in pancreatic insulin-producing islets of Langerhans. The effect of this variant on the divalent metal profile in human islets is unknown. Additionally, essential and non-essential divalent metal content of human islets under normal environmental exposure conditions has not been described. We therefore examined the correlation of zinc and other divalent metals in human islets with rs13266634 genotype and demographic characteristics. We found that the diabetes risk genotype C/C at rs13266634 is associated with higher islet Zn concentration (C/C genotype: 16792 ± 1607, n = 22, C/T genotype: 11221 ± 1245, n = 18 T/T genotype: 11543 ± 6054, n = 3, all values expressed as mean nmol/g protein ± standard error of the mean, p = 0.040 by ANOVA). A positive correlation between islet cadmium content and both age (p = 0.048, R2 = 0.09) and female gender (women: 36.88 ± 4.11 vs men: 21.22 ± 3.65 nmol/g protein, p = 0.007) was observed. Our results suggest that the T2DM risk allele C is associated with higher islet zinc levels and support prior evidence of cadmium's higher bioavailability in women and its long tissue half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winifred P Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Norrina B Allen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Matthew S Meyers
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Emma O Link
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Keith W MacRenaris
- The Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Malek El Muayed
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Balmuri SR, Selvaraj U, Kumar VV, Anthony SP, Tsatsakis AM, Golokhvast KS, Raman T. Effect of surfactant in mitigating cadmium oxide nanoparticle toxicity: Implications for mitigating cadmium toxicity in environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 152:141-149. [PMID: 27771568 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), classified as human carcinogen, is an extremely toxic heavy metal pollutant, and there is an increasing environmental concern for cadmium exposure through anthropogenic sources including cigarette smoke. Though Cd based nanoparticles such as cadmium oxide (CdO) are being widely used in a variety of clinical and industrial applications, the toxicity of CdO nanoparticles has not been well characterized. Herein we report the toxicity of CdO nanoparticles employing zebrafish as a model. Two different CdO nanoparticles were prepared, calcination of Cd(OH)2 without any organic molecule (CdO-1) and calcination of Cd-citrate coordination polymer (CdO-2), to evaluate and compare the toxicity of these two different CdO nanoparticles. Results show that zebrafish exposed to CdO-2 nanoparticles expressed reduced toxicity as judged by lower oxidative stress levels, rescue of liver carboxylesterases and reduction in metallothionein activity compared to CdO-1 nanoparticles. Histopathological observations also support our contention that CdO-1 nanoparticles showed higher toxicity relative to CdO-2 nanoparticles. The organic unit of Cd-citrate coordination polymer might have converted into carbon during calcination that might have covered the surface of CdO nanoparticles. This carbon surface coverage can control the release of Cd2+ ions in CdO-2 compared to non-covered CdO-1 nanoparticles and hence mitigate the toxicity in the case of CdO-2. This was supported by atomic absorption spectrophotometer analyses of Cd2+ ions release from CdO-1 and CdO-2 nanoparticles. Thus the present study clearly demonstrates the toxicity of CdO nanoparticles in an aquatic animal and also indicates that the toxicity could be substantially reduced by carbon coverage. This could have important implications in terms of anthropogenic release and environmental pollution caused by Cd and human exposure to Cd2+ from sources such as cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sricharani Rao Balmuri
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Uthra Selvaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Vadivel Vinod Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Savarimuthu Philip Anthony
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India.
| | - Aristides Michael Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece; Scientific Educational Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690990, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill Sergeevich Golokhvast
- Scientific Educational Center of Nanotechnology, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690990, Russian Federation
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India; Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases (CRID), School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613401, India.
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11
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Cox JN, Rahman MA, Bao S, Liu M, Wheeler SE, Knoell DL. Cadmium attenuates the macrophage response to LPS through inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L754-L765. [PMID: 27496894 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00022.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the U.S. is primarily caused by cigarette smoking. COPD patients are highly susceptible to respiratory infections in part due to alveolar macrophage dysfunction despite a substantial increase in macrophages in the lung. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal that is concentrated within tobacco and accumulates in the lung of smokers. We hypothesized that Cd uptake into macrophages alters immune function thereby impairing the macrophage response to invading pathogens. Our hypothesis was tested by comparing primary human monocytes and macrophages, primary mouse bronchoalveolar lavage myeloid cells, and related cell lines. Strikingly, Cd exposure followed by LPS stimulation resulted in a dose-dependent, significant decrease in nuclear p65 activity in macrophages that was not observed in monocytes. This corresponded with Cd-mediated inhibition of IKKβ and an impaired ability to transcribe and release cytokines in response to LPS challenge in vivo. These findings provide novel evidence that Cd has the capacity to disrupt macrophage immune function compared with monocytes. Importantly, Cd results in immune dysfunction in macrophages through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Based on these findings, we provide new evidence that Cd contributes to immune dysfunction in the lung of COPD subjects and may increase susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Napolitano Cox
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Mohd Akhlakur Rahman
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Shengying Bao
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Sarah E Wheeler
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Daren L Knoell
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; and Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State College of Pharmacy, Columbus, Ohio
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12
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Zhang YR, Wang P, Liang XX, Tan CS, Tan JB, Wang J, Huang Q, Huang R, Li ZX, Chen WC, Wu SX, Ong CN, Yang XF, Wu YN. Associations between Urinary Excretion of Cadmium and Renal Biomarkers in Nonsmoking Females: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Areas of South China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11988-2001. [PMID: 26404328 PMCID: PMC4626950 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph121011988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the relationship between urinary excretion of cadmium (U-Cd) and biomarkers of renal dysfunction. METHODS One hundred eighty five non-smoking female farmers (aged from 44 to 71 years) were recruited from two rural areas with different cadmium levels of exposure in southern China. Morning spot urine samples were collected for detecting U-Cd, urinary creatinine (U-cre), β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG), α₁-microglobulin (α₁-MG), metallothionein (MT), retinol binding protein (RBP), albumin (AB), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1). Spearman's rank correlation was carried out to assess pairwise bivariate associations between continuous variables. Three different models of multiple linear regression (the cre-corrected, un-corrected and cre-adjusted model) were used to model the dose-response relationships between U-Cd and nine urine markers. RESULTS Spearman's rank correlation showed that NAG, ALP, RBP, β₂-MG and MT were significantly associated with U-Cd for both cre-corrected and observed data. Generally, NAG correlated best with U-Cd among the nine biomarkers studied, followed by ALP and MT. In the un-corrected model and cre-adjusted model, the regression coefficients and R² of nine biomarkers were larger than the corresponding values in the cre-corrected model, indicating that the use of observed data was better for investigating the relationship between biomarkers and U-Cd than cre-corrected data. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NAG, MT and ALP in urine were better biomarkers for long-term environmental cadmium exposure assessment among the nine biomarkers studied. Further, data without normalization with creatinine show better relationships between cadmium exposure and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-rui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Medical School, Ji'Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Xu-xia Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Chuen Seng Tan
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 119077, Singapore.
| | - Jian-bin Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Qiong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Zhi-xue Li
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Medical School, Ji'Nan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Wen-cai Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Shi-xuan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- National University of Singapore Environmental Research Institute (NERI), 117597 Singapore.
| | - Xing-fen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Yong-ning Wu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment of Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China.
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13
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Cadmium induces the activation of cell wall integrity pathway in budding yeast. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 240:316-23. [PMID: 26362500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
MAP kinases are important signaling molecules regulating cell survival, proliferation and differentiation, and can be activated by cadmium stress. In this study, we demonstrate that cadmium induces phosphorylation of the yeast cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway_MAP kinase Slt2, and this cadmium-induced CWI activation is mediated by the cell surface sensor Mid2 through the GEF Rom1, the central regulator Rho1 and Bck1. Nevertheless, cadmium stress does not affect the subcellular localization of Slt2 proteins. In addition, this cadmium-induced CWI activation is independent on the calcium/calcineurin signaling and the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) signaling pathways in yeast cells. Furthermore, we tested the cadmium sensitivity of 42 paired double-gene deletion mutants between six CWI components and seven components of the HOG pathway. Our results indicate that the CWI pathway is epistatic to the HOG pathway in cadmium sensitivity. However, gene deletion mutations for the Swi4/Swi6 transcription factor complex show synergistic effects with mutations of HOG components in cadmium sensitivity.
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14
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Protective effect of Aronia melanocarpa polyphenols against cadmium-induced disorders in bone metabolism: A study in a rat model of lifetime human exposure to this heavy metal. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 229:132-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Guo P, Pi H, Xu S, Zhang L, Li Y, Li M, Cao Z, Tian L, Xie J, Li R, He M, Lu Y, Liu C, Duan W, Yu Z, Zhou Z. Melatonin Improves mitochondrial function by promoting MT1/SIRT1/PGC-1 alpha-dependent mitochondrial biogenesis in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in vitro. Toxicol Sci 2014; 142:182-95. [PMID: 25159133 PMCID: PMC4226765 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an indolamine synthesized in the pineal gland that has a wide range of physiological functions, and it has been under clinical investigation for expanded applications. Increasing evidence demonstrates that melatonin can ameliorate cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity. However, the potentially protective effects of melatonin against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and the underlying mechanisms of this protection remain unclear. This study investigates the protective effects of melatonin pretreatment on cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity and elucidates the potential mechanism of melatonin-mediated protection. We exposed HepG2 cells to different concentrations of cadmium chloride (2.5, 5, and 10μM) for 12 h. We found that Cd stimulated cytotoxicity, disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species production, and decreased mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial DNA content. Consistent with this finding, Cd exposure was associated with decreased Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein expression and activity, thus promoted acetylation of PGC-1 alpha, a key enzyme involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and function, although Cd did not disrupt the interaction between SIRT1 and PGC-1 alpha. However, all cadmium-induced mitochondrial oxidative injuries were efficiently attenuated by melatonin pretreatment. Moreover, Sirtinol and SIRT1 siRNA each blocked the melatonin-mediated elevation in mitochondrial function by inhibiting SIRT1/ PGC-1 alpha signaling. Luzindole, a melatonin receptor antagonist, was found to partially block the ability of melatonin to promote SIRT1/ PGC-1 alpha signaling. In summary, our results indicate that SIRT1 plays an essential role in the ability of moderate melatonin to stimulate PGC-1 alpha and improve mitochondrial biogenesis and function at least partially through melatonin receptors in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Guo
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangcheng Xu
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Li
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, XinQiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwang Cao
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Renyan Li
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Mindi He
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixia Duan
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of occupational health, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China
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16
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Matsunaga Y, Agaku IT, Vardavas CI. The association between cigarette rod length, slim design, and blood cadmium levels among U.S. smokers: NHANES 1999-2010. Prev Med 2014; 65:87-91. [PMID: 24794088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that long or slim cigarette design can mitigate perception of harmfulness. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxicant in cigarettes and is associated with adverse outcomes. We assessed the relationship between cigarette rod length/circumference and blood Cd levels among U.S. smokers using data from the 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. METHODS The analyses were performed on 4486 current cigarette smokers aged ≥20years old. Cigarette rod length included regular (68-72mm), king (79-88mm), long (94-101mm), and ultra-long (110-121mm) cigarettes currently smoked. Overall and gender stratified multivariate linear regression analyses were performed, adjusting for other influential covariates. RESULTS Gender stratified analysis indicated that female smokers of long and ultra-long cigarette had 20% and 27% higher mean Cd levels compared to smokers of regular sized cigarettes respectively, despite the fact that all the ultra-long cigarettes were slim cigarettes. Furthermore, among females, slim cigarette users did not reduce blood cadmium levels compared to non-slim users. CONCLUSIONS Female smokers of long or ultra-long cigarettes had higher mean blood Cd levels compared to smokers of regular cigarettes independent of slim design. Further research into this association is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Matsunaga
- Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center, 4th Floor West Wing, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Israel T Agaku
- Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center, 4th Floor West Wing, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Constantine I Vardavas
- Center for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center, 4th Floor West Wing, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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17
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Association between urinary cadmium levels and prediabetes in the NHANES 2005-2010 population. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2014; 217:854-60. [PMID: 25043455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests an association between exposure to cadmium and dysglycemia. To investigate this matter, we examined the relationship between urinary cadmium and prediabetes in the cross sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES participants for the years 2005 through 2010 aged ≥ 40 years were included in the analysis. Participants with nephropathy, overt diabetes, or missing required data were excluded. To assess the non-linear relationship between cadmium and Prediabetes, non-parametric logistic regression with B spline expansion of urinary cadmium/creatinine ratio was performed. This analysis revealed a complex non-linear association between higher cadmium levels and prediabetes. This relationship persisted, though with varying magnitudes across smoking groups (never smokers, moderate smokers, heavy smokers). In a conventional logistic regression analysis, this relationship was less evident with significantly increased OR for prediabetes was found in the highest quintile of urine cadmium compared to the lowest quintile in the overall population and in moderate smokers. In an age stratified analysis, a significant linear association was found only in the age groups 60-69 and ≥ 70. We conclude that there is a significant non-linear, complex relationship between urinary Cd levels, age, smoking habits and odds of prediabetes.
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18
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Lead, cadmium and mercury levels in pregnancy: the need for international consensus on levels of concern. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2013; 5:16-30. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174413000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
For heavy metals that have any degree of transfer though the placenta to the fetus, it is unlikely that there are safe limits for maternal blood levels. The only means of reducing fetal exposure is to minimise maternal exposure. There are few recommendations for levels of concern. With the exception of US recommendations for maternal Pb levels, but there are no international levels of concern or cut-off levels specifically for pregnancy for heavy metals, so that comparisons can generally only be made with national reference values relating to similar physiological statuses or age groups. These include recommendations for Cd levels by Germany (reference value for non-smoking adults aged 18–69 years, 1 µg/l) and for Hg by Germany (reference value for adults age 18–60 years with fish intake ⩽3 times per month, 2.0 µg/l) and the USA (cut-off level for women, 5.8 µg/dl). To illustrate the lack of cohesion, we present data on blood Pb, Cd and Hg levels from pregnant women enroled in the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children study and compare the values with present levels of concern and recommended cut-off values. We also compare the levels with those found in other groups of pregnant women worldwide to strengthen the database for the development of levels of concern in pregnancy. The need for clarity of terminology in describing levels of concern is discussed. There is a pressing need for international consensus on levels of concern for all age groups and physiological statuses, particularly for pregnancy.
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19
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Poteet E, Winters A, Xie L, Ryou MG, Liu R, Yang SH. In vitro protection by pyruvate against cadmium-induced cytotoxicity in hippocampal HT-22 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2013; 34:903-13. [PMID: 24037965 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic metal with no biological function in higher-order mammals. Humans are exposed to cadmium environmental contamination and the mechanism underlying the cadmium's cytotoxicity is unclear. To better understand this mechanism, we employed murine hippocampal HT-22 cells to test the in vitro effects of cadmium toxicity. Our study indicated that cadmium inhibits both mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. In turn, this causes depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, increase of superoxide production and decrease of ATP generation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the detrimental action of cadmium in bioenergetics could be mitigated by pyruvate, an intermediate metabolic product. Pyruvate decreased superoxide production, maintained mitochondrial membrane potential, restored glycolysis, mitigated the decrease in cellular ATP and attenuated cadmium cytotoxicity. Our study provides the first evidence that pyruvate might offer promising therapy for cadmium poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Poteet
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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20
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Miller JJ, Hui SK, Jackson GS, Clark SP, Einstein J, Weaver CM, Bhattacharyya MH. Calcium isolation from large-volume human urine samples for 41Ca analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry. Appl Radiat Isot 2013; 78:57-61. [PMID: 23672965 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium oxalate precipitation is the first step in preparation of biological samples for (41)Ca analysis by accelerator mass spectrometry. A simplified protocol for large-volume human urine samples was characterized, with statistically significant increases in ion current and decreases in interference. This large-volume assay minimizes cost and effort and maximizes time after (41)Ca administration during which human samples, collected over a lifetime, provide (41)Ca:Ca ratios that are significantly above background.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Miller
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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21
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El Muayed M, Raja MR, Zhang X, MacRenaris KW, Bhatt S, Chen X, Urbanek M, O'Halloran TV, Lowe WL. Accumulation of cadmium in insulin-producing β cells. Islets 2012; 4:405-16. [PMID: 23466887 PMCID: PMC3605169 DOI: 10.4161/isl.23101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that chronic low level cadmium exposure impairs the function of insulin-producing β cells and may be associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Herein, we describe the cadmium content in primary human islets and define the uptake kinetics and effects of environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations in cultured β cells. The average cadmium content in islets from 10 non-diabetic human subjects was 29 ± 7 nmol/g protein (range 7 to 72 nmol/g protein). Exposure of the β-cell line MIN6 to CdCl 2 concentrations between 0.1 and 1.0 µmol/L resulted in a dose- and time-dependent uptake of cadmium over 72 h. This uptake resulted in an induction of metallthionein expression, likely enhancing cellular cadmium accumulation. Furthermore, cadmium accumulation resulted in an inhibition of glucose stimulated insulin secretion in MIN6 cells and primary mouse islets. Our results indicate that this impairment in β-cell function is not due to an increase in cell death or due to an increase in oxidative stress. We conclude that mouse β cells accumulate cadmium in a dose- and time-dependent manner over a prolonged time course at environmentally relevant concentrations. This uptake leads to a functional impairment of β-cell function without significant alterations in cell viability, expression of genes important for β-cell function or increase in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek El Muayed
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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