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Wu HF, Hamilton C, Porritt H, Winbo A, Zeltner N. Modelling neurocardiac physiology and diseases using human pluripotent stem cells: current progress and future prospects. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 39235952 DOI: 10.1113/jp286416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Throughout our lifetime the heart executes cycles of contraction and relaxation to meet the body's ever-changing metabolic needs. This vital function is continuously regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Cardiovascular dysfunction and autonomic dysregulation are also closely associated; however, the degrees of cause and effect are not always readily discernible. Thus, to better understand cardiovascular disorders, it is crucial to develop model systems that can be used to study the neurocardiac interaction in healthy and diseased states. Human pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology offers a unique human-based modelling system that allows for studies of disease effects on the cells of the heart and autonomic neurons as well as of their interaction. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the embryonic development of the autonomic, cardiac and neurocardiac systems, their regulation, as well as recent progress of in vitro modelling systems based on hiPSCs. We further discuss the advantages and limitations of hiPSC-based models in neurocardiac research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fu Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Charlotte Hamilton
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Harrison Porritt
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Annika Winbo
- Department of Physiology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Manaaki Manawa Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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2
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Lickiss B, Hunker J, Bhagwan J, Linder P, Thomas U, Lotay H, Broadbent S, Dragicevic E, Stoelzle-Feix S, Turner J, Gossmann M. Chamber-specific contractile responses of atrial and ventricular hiPSC-cardiomyocytes to GPCR and ion channel targeting compounds: A microphysiological system for cardiac drug development. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2024; 128:107529. [PMID: 38857637 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2024.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) have found utility for conducting in vitro drug screening and disease modelling to gain crucial insights into pharmacology or disease phenotype. However, diseases such as atrial fibrillation, affecting >33 M people worldwide, demonstrate the need for cardiac subtype-specific cells. Here, we sought to investigate the base characteristics and pharmacological differences between commercially available chamber-specific atrial or ventricular hiPSC-CMs seeded onto ultra-thin, flexible PDMS membranes to simultaneously measure contractility in a 96 multi-well format. We investigated the effects of GPCR agonists (acetylcholine and carbachol), a Ca2+ channel agonist (S-Bay K8644), an HCN channel antagonist (ivabradine) and K+ channel antagonists (4-AP and vernakalant). We observed differential effects between atrial and ventricular hiPSC-CMs on contractile properties including beat rate, beat duration, contractile force and evidence of arrhythmias at a range of concentrations. As an excerpt of the compound analysis, S-Bay K8644 treatment showed an induced concentration-dependent transient increase in beat duration of atrial hiPSC-CMs, whereas ventricular cells showed a physiological increase in beat rate over time. Carbachol treatment produced marked effects on atrial cells, such as increased beat duration alongside a decrease in beat rate over time, but only minimal effects on ventricular cardiomyocytes. In the context of this chamber-specific pharmacology, we not only add to contractile characterization of hiPSC-CMs but propose a multi-well platform for medium-throughput early compound screening. Overall, these insights illustrate the key pharmacological differences between chamber-specific cardiomyocytes and their application on a multi-well contractility platform to gain insights for in vitro cardiac liability studies and disease modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Hunker
- innoVitro GmbH, Artilleriestr 2, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jamie Bhagwan
- Axol Bioscience Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Peter Linder
- innoVitro GmbH, Artilleriestr 2, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thomas
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Ganghoferstr 70A, 80339 Munich, Germany
| | - Hardeep Lotay
- Axol Bioscience Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Steven Broadbent
- Axol Bioscience Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Elena Dragicevic
- Nanion Technologies GmbH, Ganghoferstr 70A, 80339 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jan Turner
- Axol Bioscience Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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3
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Khodayari H, Khodayari S, Rezaee M, Rezaeiani S, Alipour Choshali M, Erfanian S, Muhammadnejad A, Nili F, Pourmehran Y, Pirjani R, Rajabi S, Aghdami N, Nebigil-Désaubry C, Wang K, Mahmoodzadeh H, Pahlavan S. Promotion of cardiac microtissue assembly within G-CSF-enriched collagen I-cardiogel hybrid hydrogel. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae072. [PMID: 38974665 PMCID: PMC11226883 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering as an interdisciplinary field of biomedical sciences has raised many hopes in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases as well as development of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiac models. This study aimed to engineer a cardiac microtissue using a natural hybrid hydrogel enriched by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a bone marrow-derived growth factor. Cardiac ECM hydrogel (Cardiogel: CG) was mixed with collagen type I (ColI) to form the hybrid hydrogel, which was tested for mechanical and biological properties. Three cell types (cardiac progenitor cells, endothelial cells and cardiac fibroblasts) were co-cultured in the G-CSF-enriched hybrid hydrogel to form a 3D microtissue. ColI markedly improved the mechanical properties of CG in the hybrid form with a ratio of 1:1. The hybrid hydrogel demonstrated acceptable biocompatibility and improved retention of encapsulated human foreskin fibroblasts. Co-culture of three cell types in G-CSF enriched hybrid hydrogel, resulted in a faster 3D structure shaping and a well-cellularized microtissue with higher angiogenesis compared to growth factor-free hybrid hydrogel (control). Immunostaining confirmed the presence of CD31+ tube-like structures as well as vimentin+ cardiac fibroblasts and cTNT+ human pluripotent stem cells-derived cardiomyocytes. Bioinformatics analysis of signaling pathways related to the G-CSF receptor in cardiovascular lineage cells, identified target molecules. The in silico-identified STAT3, as one of the major molecules involved in G-CSF signaling of cardiac tissue, was upregulated in G-CSF compared to control. The G-CSF-enriched hybrid hydrogel could be a promising candidate for cardiac tissue engineering, as it facilitates tissue formation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Khodayari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 13145-871, Iran
| | - Saeed Khodayari
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
| | - Siamak Rezaeiani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Alipour Choshali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
| | - Saiedeh Erfanian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
| | - Ahad Muhammadnejad
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nili
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Yasaman Pourmehran
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran 13145-871, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Pirjani
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1653915981, Iran
| | - Sarah Rajabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
| | - Naser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
| | - Canan Nebigil-Désaubry
- Institute National de le santé et de la recherce médicale, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, UMR 1260-Regenerative Nanomedicine, CRBS, Central of Research in biomedicine of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 90032, France
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419733141, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 19395-4644, Iran
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Morais AS, Mendes M, Cordeiro MA, Sousa JJ, Pais AC, Mihăilă SM, Vitorino C. Organ-on-a-Chip: Ubi sumus? Fundamentals and Design Aspects. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:615. [PMID: 38794277 PMCID: PMC11124787 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This review outlines the evolutionary journey from traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture to the revolutionary field of organ-on-a-chip technology. Organ-on-a-chip technology integrates microfluidic systems to mimic the complex physiological environments of human organs, surpassing the limitations of conventional 2D cultures. This evolution has opened new possibilities for understanding cell-cell interactions, cellular responses, drug screening, and disease modeling. However, the design and manufacture of microchips significantly influence their functionality, reliability, and applicability to different biomedical applications. Therefore, it is important to carefully consider design parameters, including the number of channels (single, double, or multi-channels), the channel shape, and the biological context. Simultaneously, the selection of appropriate materials compatible with the cells and fabrication methods optimize the chips' capabilities for specific applications, mitigating some disadvantages associated with these systems. Furthermore, the success of organ-on-a-chip platforms greatly depends on the careful selection and utilization of cell resources. Advances in stem cell technology and tissue engineering have contributed to the availability of diverse cell sources, facilitating the development of more accurate and reliable organ-on-a-chip models. In conclusion, a holistic perspective of in vitro cellular modeling is provided, highlighting the integration of microfluidic technology and meticulous chip design, which play a pivotal role in replicating organ-specific microenvironments. At the same time, the sensible use of cell resources ensures the fidelity and applicability of these innovative platforms in several biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Morais
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
| | - Maria Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Marta Agostinho Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - João J. Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Alberto Canelas Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Silvia M. Mihăilă
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.S.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.C.); (J.J.S.)
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
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Kobeissi H, Jilberto J, Karakan MÇ, Gao X, DePalma SJ, Das SL, Quach L, Urquia J, Baker BM, Chen CS, Nordsletten D, Lejeune E. MicroBundleCompute: Automated segmentation, tracking, and analysis of subdomain deformation in cardiac microbundles. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298863. [PMID: 38530829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancing human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) technology will lead to significant progress ranging from disease modeling, to drug discovery, to regenerative tissue engineering. Yet, alongside these potential opportunities comes a critical challenge: attaining mature hiPSC-CM tissues. At present, there are multiple techniques to promote maturity of hiPSC-CMs including physical platforms and cell culture protocols. However, when it comes to making quantitative comparisons of functional behavior, there are limited options for reliably and reproducibly computing functional metrics that are suitable for direct cross-system comparison. In addition, the current standard functional metrics obtained from time-lapse images of cardiac microbundle contraction reported in the field (i.e., post forces, average tissue stress) do not take full advantage of the available information present in these data (i.e., full-field tissue displacements and strains). Thus, we present "MicroBundleCompute," a computational framework for automatic quantification of morphology-based mechanical metrics from movies of cardiac microbundles. Briefly, this computational framework offers tools for automatic tissue segmentation, tracking, and analysis of brightfield and phase contrast movies of beating cardiac microbundles. It is straightforward to implement, runs without user intervention, requires minimal input parameter setting selection, and is computationally inexpensive. In this paper, we describe the methods underlying this computational framework, show the results of our extensive validation studies, and demonstrate the utility of exploring heterogeneous tissue deformations and strains as functional metrics. With this manuscript, we disseminate "MicroBundleCompute" as an open-source computational tool with the aim of making automated quantitative analysis of beating cardiac microbundles more accessible to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Kobeissi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Javiera Jilberto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - M Çağatay Karakan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Xining Gao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Samuel J DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Shoshana L Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Lani Quach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Urquia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York Institute of Technology, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Brendon M Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Christopher S Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - David Nordsletten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's Health Partners, King's College London, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Lejeune
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Center for Multiscale and Translational Mechanobiology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
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6
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Raniga K, Nasir A, Vo NTN, Vaidyanathan R, Dickerson S, Hilcove S, Mosqueira D, Mirams GR, Clements P, Hicks R, Pointon A, Stebbeds W, Francis J, Denning C. Strengthening cardiac therapy pipelines using human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:292-311. [PMID: 38366587 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Advances in hiPSC isolation and reprogramming and hPSC-CM differentiation have prompted their therapeutic application and utilization for evaluating potential cardiovascular safety liabilities. In this perspective, we showcase key efforts toward the large-scale production of hiPSC-CMs, implementation of hiPSC-CMs in industry settings, and recent clinical applications of this technology. The key observations are a need for traceable gender and ethnically diverse hiPSC lines, approaches to reduce cost of scale-up, accessible clinical trial datasets, and transparent guidelines surrounding the safety and efficacy of hiPSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Raniga
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK.
| | - Aishah Nasir
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nguyen T N Vo
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | | | | | - Diogo Mosqueira
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Peter Clements
- Pathology, Non-Clinical Safety, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Ryan Hicks
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Amy Pointon
- Safety Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | | | - Jo Francis
- Mechanstic Biology and Profiling, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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7
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Perez-Araluce M, Jüngst T, Sanmartin C, Prosper F, Plano D, Mazo MM. Biomaterials-Based Antioxidant Strategies for the Treatment of Oxidative Stress Diseases. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:23. [PMID: 38248597 PMCID: PMC10813727 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is characterized by an increase in reactive oxygen species or a decrease in antioxidants in the body. This imbalance leads to detrimental effects, including inflammation and multiple chronic diseases, ranging from impaired wound healing to highly impacting pathologies in the neural and cardiovascular systems, or the bone, amongst others. However, supplying compounds with antioxidant activity is hampered by their low bioavailability. The development of biomaterials with antioxidant capacity is poised to overcome this roadblock. Moreover, in the treatment of chronic inflammation, material-based strategies would allow the controlled and targeted release of antioxidants into the affected tissue. In this review, we revise the main causes and effects of oxidative stress, and survey antioxidant biomaterials used for the treatment of chronic wounds, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases (focusing on cardiac infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and atherosclerosis) and osteoporosis. We anticipate that these developments will lead to the emergence of new technologies for tissue engineering, control of oxidative stress and prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Perez-Araluce
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Enabling Technologies Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Tomasz Jüngst
- Department for Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Functional Materials and Biofabrication, University of Würzburg, D-97070 Würzburg, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carmen Sanmartin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC) CB16/12/00489, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Cancer Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
| | - Manuel M. Mazo
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Enabling Technologies Division, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
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8
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Zhang S, Xu G, Wu J, Liu X, Fan Y, Chen J, Wallace G, Gu Q. Microphysiological Constructs and Systems: Biofabrication Tactics, Biomimetic Evaluation Approaches, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300685. [PMID: 37798902 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs and MPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organized organoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances in biomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensor technologies have contributed to diverse and innovative biofabrication tactics. MPCs and MPSs, particularly tissue chips relevant to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, have demonstrated potential as precise, efficient, and economical alternatives to animal models for drug discovery and personalized medicine. However, current approaches mainly focus on the in vitro recapitulation of the human anatomical structure and physiological-biochemical indices at a single or a few simple levels. This review highlights the recent remarkable progress in MPC and MPS models and their applications. The challenges that must be addressed to assess the reliability, quantify the techniques, and utilize the fidelity of the models are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Guoshi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine/Department of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis/BioResource Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Gordon Wallace
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, North Wollongong, NSW, 2500, Australia
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huairou District, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Liu S, Fang C, Zhong C, Li J, Xiao Q. Recent advances in pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac organoids and heart-on-chip applications for studying anti-cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2527-2549. [PMID: 37889357 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09835-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by anti-cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity is now the second leading cause of mortality among cancer survivors. It is necessary to establish efficient in vitro models for early predicting the potential cardiotoxicity of anti-cancer drugs, as well as for screening drugs that would alleviate cardiotoxicity during and post treatment. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have opened up new avenues in cardio-oncology. With the breakthrough of tissue engineering technology, a variety of hiPSC-derived cardiac microtissues or organoids have been recently reported, which have shown enormous potential in studying cardiotoxicity. Moreover, using hiPSC-derived heart-on-chip for studying cardiotoxicity has provided novel insights into the underlying mechanisms. Herein, we summarize different types of anti-cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicities and present an extensive overview on the applications of hiPSC-derived cardiac microtissues, cardiac organoids, and heart-on-chips in cardiotoxicity. Finally, we highlight clinical and translational challenges around hiPSC-derived cardiac microtissues/organoids/heart-on chips and their applications in anti-cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity. • Anti-cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicities represent pressing challenges for cancer treatments, and cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of mortality among cancer survivors. • Newly reported in vitro models such as hiPSC-derived cardiac microtissues/organoids/chips show enormous potential for studying cardio-oncology. • Emerging evidence supports that hiPSC-derived cardiac organoids and heart-on-chip are promising in vitro platforms for predicting and minimizing anti-cancer drug-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Heart Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Chongkai Fang
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Heart Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Chong Zhong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jing Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Precision Medicine, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Heart Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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10
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Zhao B, Mertz J. Resolution enhancement with deblurring by pixel reassignment. ADVANCED PHOTONICS 2023; 5:066004. [PMID: 38884067 PMCID: PMC11178354 DOI: 10.1117/1.ap.5.6.066004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Improving the spatial resolution of a fluorescence microscope has been an ongoing challenge in the imaging community. To address this challenge, a variety of approaches have been taken, ranging from instrumentation development to image postprocessing. An example of the latter is deconvolution, where images are numerically deblurred based on a knowledge of the microscope point spread function. However, deconvolution can easily lead to noise-amplification artifacts. Deblurring by postprocessing can also lead to negativities or fail to conserve local linearity between sample and image. We describe here a simple image deblurring algorithm based on pixel reassignment that inherently avoids such artifacts and can be applied to general microscope modalities and fluorophore types. Our algorithm helps distinguish nearby fluorophores, even when these are separated by distances smaller than the conventional resolution limit, helping facilitate, for example, the application of single-molecule localization microscopy in dense samples. We demonstrate the versatility and performance of our algorithm under a variety of imaging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Zhao
- Boston University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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11
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Fischer B, Gwinner F, Gepp MM, Schulz A, Danz K, Dehne A, Katsen-Globa A, Neubauer JC, Gentile L, Zimmermann H. A highly versatile biopolymer-based platform for the maturation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes enables functional analysis in vitro and 3D printing of heart patches. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1600-1615. [PMID: 37317666 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) represent a valuable tool for in vitro modeling of the cardiac niche and possess great potential in tissue engineering applications. However, conventional polystyrene-based cell culture substrates have adverse effects on cardiomyocytes in vitro due to the stress applied by a stiff substrate on contractile cells. Ultra-high viscosity alginates offer a unique versatility as tunable substrates for cardiac cell cultures due to their biocompatibility, flexible biofunctionalization, and stability. In this work, we analyzed the effect of alginate substrates on hPSC-CM maturity and functionality. Alginate substrates in high-throughput compatible culture formats fostered a more mature gene expression and enabled the simultaneous assessment of chronotropic and inotropic effects upon beta-adrenergic stimulation. Furthermore, we produced 3D-printed alginate scaffolds with differing mechanical properties and plated hPSC-CMs on the surface of these to create Heart Patches for tissue engineering applications. These exhibited synchronous macro-contractions in concert with more mature gene expression patterns and extensive intracellular alignment of sarcomeric structures. In conclusion, the combination of biofunctionalized alginates and human cardiomyocytes represents a valuable tool for both in vitro modeling and regenerative medicine, due to its beneficial effects on cardiomyocyte physiology, the possibility to analyze cardiac contractility, and its applicability as Heart Patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Fischer
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Gwinner
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - M M Gepp
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A Schulz
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - K Danz
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - A Dehne
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - A Katsen-Globa
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - J C Neubauer
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
| | - L Gentile
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
| | - H Zimmermann
- Department of Stem Cell & Cryo Technology, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
- Fraunhofer Project Center for Stem Cell Process Engineering, Würzburg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular and Cellular Biotechnology, Saarland University, Gebäude A, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Faculty of Marine Science, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Department of Bioprocessing and Bioanalytics, Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Sulzbach, Germany
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12
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Zhao B, Mertz J. Resolution enhancement with deblurring by pixel reassignment (DPR). BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.24.550382. [PMID: 37546886 PMCID: PMC10402078 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.24.550382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Improving the spatial resolution of a fluorescence microscope has been an ongoing challenge in the imaging community. To address this challenge, a variety of approaches have been taken, ranging from instrumentation development to image post-processing. An example of the latter is deconvolution, where images are numerically deblurred based on a knowledge of the microscope point spread function. However, deconvolution can easily lead to noise-amplification artifacts. Deblurring by post-processing can also lead to negativities or fail to conserve local linearity between sample and image. We describe here a simple image deblurring algorithm based on pixel reassignment that inherently avoids such artifacts and can be applied to general microscope modalities and fluorophore types. Our algorithm helps distinguish nearby fluorophores even when these are separated by distances smaller than the conventional resolution limit, helping facilitate, for example, the application of single-molecule localization microscopy in dense samples. We demonstrate the versatility and performance of our algorithm under a variety of imaging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, MA 02215
| | - Jerome Mertz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, MA 02215
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13
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Wang K, Schriver BJ, Aschar-Sobbi R, Yi AY, Feric NT, Graziano MP. Human engineered cardiac tissue model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy recapitulates key hallmarks of the disease and the effect of chronic mavacamten treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1227184. [PMID: 37771571 PMCID: PMC10523579 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1227184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The development of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) offers an opportunity to study genotype-phenotype correlation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), one of the most common inherited cardiac diseases. However, immaturity of the iPSC-CMs and the lack of a multicellular composition pose concerns over its faithfulness in disease modeling and its utility in developing mechanism-specific treatment. Methods: The Biowire platform was used to generate 3D engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) using HCM patient-derived iPSC-CMs carrying a β-myosin mutation (MYH7-R403Q) and its isogenic control (WT), withal ECTs contained healthy human cardiac fibroblasts. ECTs were subjected to electro-mechanical maturation for 6 weeks before being used in HCM phenotype studies. Results: Both WT and R403Q ECTs exhibited mature cardiac phenotypes, including a lack of automaticity and a ventricular-like action potential (AP) with a resting membrane potential < -75 mV. Compared to WT, R403Q ECTs demonstrated many HCM-associated pathological changes including increased tissue size and cell volume, shortened sarcomere length and disorganized sarcomere structure. In functional assays, R403Q ECTs showed increased twitch amplitude, slower contractile kinetics, a less pronounced force-frequency relationship, a smaller post-rest potentiation, prolonged AP durations, and slower Ca2+ transient decay time. Finally, we observed downregulation of calcium handling genes and upregulation of NPPB in R403Q vs. WT ECTs. In an HCM phenotype prevention experiment, ECTs were treated for 5-weeks with 250 nM mavacamten or a vehicle control. We found that chronic mavacamten treatment of R403Q ECTs: (i) shortened relaxation time, (ii) reduced APD90 prolongation, (iii) upregulated ADRB2, ATP2A2, RYR2, and CACNA1C, (iv) decreased B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) mRNA and protein expression levels, and (v) increased sarcomere length and reduced sarcomere disarray. Discussion: Taken together, we demonstrated R403Q ECTs generated in the Biowire platform recapitulated many cardiac hypertrophy phenotypes and that chronic mavacamten treatment prevented much of the pathology. This demonstrates that the Biowire ECTs are well-suited to phenotypic-based drug discovery in a human-relevant disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Valo Health, Inc., Department of Discovery Research, New York, NY, United States
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14
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Bachmann JC, Kirchhoff JE, Napolitano JE, Sorota S, Gordon WM, Feric N, Aschar‐Sobbi R, Lv J, Cao Z, Coppieters K, Borghetti G, Nyberg M. C-type natriuretic peptide induces inotropic and lusitropic effects in human 3D-engineered cardiac tissue: Implications for the regulation of cardiac function in humans. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1172-1188. [PMID: 37493451 PMCID: PMC10988518 DOI: 10.1113/ep091303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The role of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the regulation of cardiac function in humans remains to be established as previous investigations have been confined to animal model systems. Here, we used well-characterized engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) generated from human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts to study the acute effects of CNP on contractility. Application of CNP elicited a positive inotropic response as evidenced by increases in maximum twitch amplitude, maximum contraction slope and maximum calcium amplitude. This inotropic response was accompanied by a positive lusitropic response as demonstrated by reductions in time from peak contraction to 90% of relaxation and time from peak calcium transient to 90% of decay that paralleled increases in maximum contraction decay slope and maximum calcium decay slope. To establish translatability, CNP-induced changes in contractility were also assessed in rat ex vivo (isolated heart) and in vivo models. Here, the effects on force kinetics observed in ECTs mirrored those observed in both the ex vivo and in vivo model systems, whereas the increase in maximal force generation with CNP application was only detected in ECTs. In conclusion, CNP induces a positive inotropic and lusitropic response in ECTs, thus supporting an important role for CNP in the regulation of human cardiac function. The high degree of translatability between ECTs, ex vivo and in vivo models further supports a regulatory role for CNP and expands the current understanding of the translational value of human ECTs. NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? What are the acute responses to C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in human-engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) on cardiac function and how well do they translate to matched concentrations in animal ex vivo and in vivo models? What is the main finding and its importance? Acute stimulation of ECTs with CNP induced positive lusitropic and inotropic effects on cardiac contractility, which closely reflected the changes observed in rat ex vivo and in vivo cardiac models. These findings support an important role for CNP in the regulation of human cardiac function and highlight the translational value of ECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Juan Lv
- Research & Early DevelopmentNovo Nordisk A/SMaaloevDenmark
| | - Zhiyou Cao
- Research & Early DevelopmentNovo Nordisk A/SMaaloevDenmark
| | - Ken Coppieters
- Research & Early DevelopmentNovo Nordisk A/SMaaloevDenmark
| | | | - Michael Nyberg
- Research & Early DevelopmentNovo Nordisk A/SMaaloevDenmark
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15
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Stebbeds W, Raniga K, Standing D, Wallace I, Bayliss J, Brown A, Kasprowicz R, Dalmas Wilk D, Deakyne J, Clements P, Chaudhary KW, Rossman EI, Bahinski A, Francis J. CardioMotion: identification of functional and structural cardiotoxic liabilities in small molecules through brightfield kinetic imaging. Toxicol Sci 2023; 195:61-70. [PMID: 37462734 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular toxicity is an important cause of drug failures in the later stages of drug development, early clinical safety assessment, and even postmarket withdrawals. Early-stage in vitro assessment of potential cardiovascular liabilities in the pharmaceutical industry involves assessment of interactions with cardiac ion channels, as well as induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte-based functional assays, such as calcium flux and multielectrode-array assays. These methods are appropriate for the identification of acute functional cardiotoxicity but structural cardiotoxicity, which manifests effects after chronic exposure, is often only captured in vivo. CardioMotion is a novel, label-free, high throughput, in vitro assay and analysis pipeline which records and assesses the spontaneous beating of cardiomyocytes and identifies compounds which impact beating. This is achieved through the acquisition of brightfield images at a high framerate, combined with an optical flow-based python analysis pipeline which transforms the images into waveform data which are then parameterized. Validation of this assay with a large dataset showed that cardioactive compounds with diverse known direct functional and structural mechanisms-of-action on cardiomyocytes are identified (sensitivity = 72.9%), importantly, known structural cardiotoxins also disrupt cardiomyocyte beating (sensitivity = 86%) in this method. Furthermore, the CardioMotion method presents a high specificity of 82.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Stebbeds
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Kavita Raniga
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
- The Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David Standing
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Iona Wallace
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - James Bayliss
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Andrew Brown
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Richard Kasprowicz
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | | | - Julianna Deakyne
- In vitro in vivo translation, GSK, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | | | | | - Eric I Rossman
- In vitro in vivo translation, GSK, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Anthony Bahinski
- In vitro in vivo translation, GSK, Upper Providence, PA 19426, USA
| | - Jo Francis
- Screening Profiling and Mechanistic Biology, GSK, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
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16
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Chabanovska O, Lemcke H, Lang H, Vollmar B, Dohmen PM, David R, Etz C, Neßelmann C. Sarcomeric network analysis of ex vivo cultivated human atrial appendage tissue using super-resolution microscopy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13041. [PMID: 37563225 PMCID: PMC10415305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39962-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating native human cardiac tissue with preserved 3D macro- and microarchitecture is fundamental for clinical and basic research. Unfortunately, the low accessibility of the human myocardium continues to limit scientific progress. To overcome this issue, utilizing atrial appendages of the human heart may become highly beneficial. Atrial appendages are often removed during open-heart surgery and can be preserved ex vivo as living tissue with varying durability depending on the culture method. In this study, we prepared living thin myocardial slices from left atrial appendages that were cultured using an air-liquid interface system for overall 10 days. Metabolic activity of the cultured slices was assessed using a conventional methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. To monitor the structural integrity of cardiomyocytes within the tissue, we implemented our recently described super-resolution microscopy approach that allows both qualitative and quantitative in-depth evaluation of sarcomere network based on parameters such as overall sarcomere content, filament size and orientation. Additionally, expression of mRNAs coding for key structural and functional proteins was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Our findings demonstrate highly significant disassembly of contractile apparatus represented by degradation of [Formula: see text]-actinin filaments detected after three days in culture, while metabolic activity was constantly rising and remained high for up to seven days. However, gene expression of crucial cardiac markers strongly decreased after the first day in culture indicating an early destructive response to ex vivo conditions. Therefore, we suggest static cultivation of living myocardial slices derived from left atrial appendage and prepared according to our protocol only for short-termed experiments (e.g. medicinal drug testing), while introduction of electro-mechanical stimulation protocols may offer the possibility for long-term integrity of such constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Chabanovska
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Life, Light, and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hermann Lang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Pascal M Dohmen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Robert David
- Reference and Translation Center for Cardiac Stem Cell therapy (RTC), Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
- Department of Life, Light, and Matter of the Interdisciplinary Faculty, Rostock University, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Christian Etz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Catharina Neßelmann
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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17
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Arefin A, Mendoza M, Dame K, Garcia MI, Strauss DG, Ribeiro AJS. Reproducibility of drug-induced effects on the contractility of an engineered heart tissue derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212092. [PMID: 37469866 PMCID: PMC10352809 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) are three-dimensional culture platforms with cardiomyocytes differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and were designed for assaying cardiac contractility. For drug development applications, EHTs must have a stable function and provide reproducible results. We investigated these properties with EHTs made with different tissue casting batches and lines of differentiated hPSC-cardiomyocytes and analyzed them at different times after being fabricated. Methods: A video-optical assay was used for measuring EHT contractile outputs, and these results were compared with results from motion traction analysis of beating hPSC-cardiomyocytes cultured as monolayers in two-dimensional cultures. The reproducibility of induced contractile variations was tested using compounds with known mechanistic cardiac effects (isoproterenol, EMD-57033, omecamtiv mecarbil, verapamil, ranolazine, and mavacamten), or known to be clinically cardiotoxic (doxorubicin, sunitinib). These drug-induced variations were characterized at different electrical pacing rates and variations in intracellular calcium transients were also assessed in EHTs. Results: To ensure reproducibility in experiments, we established EHT quality control criteria based on excitation-contraction coupling and contractile sensitivity to extracellular calcium concentration. In summary, a baseline contractile force of 0.2 mN and excitation-contraction coupling of EHTs were used as quality control criteria to select suitable EHTs for analysis. Overall, drug-induced contractile responses were similar between monolayers and EHTs, where a close relationship was observed between contractile output and calcium kinetics. Contractile variations at multiple time points after adding cardiotoxic compounds were also detectable in EHTs. Discussion: Reproducibility of drug-induced effects in EHTs between experiments and relative to published work on these cellular models was generally observed. Future applications for EHTs may require additional mechanistic criteria related to drug effects and cardiac functional outputs to be measured in regard to specific contexts of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Arefin
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, United States
| | - Melissa Mendoza
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Keri Dame
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - M. Iveth Garcia
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - David G. Strauss
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Alexandre J. S. Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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18
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Ma MS, Sundaram S, Lou L, Agarwal A, Chen CS, Bifano TG. High throughput screening system for engineered cardiac tissues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177688. [PMID: 37251575 PMCID: PMC10210164 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Three dimensional engineered cardiac tissues (3D ECTs) have become indispensable as in vitro models to assess drug cardiotoxicity, a leading cause of failure in pharmaceutical development. A current bottleneck is the relatively low throughput of assays that measure spontaneous contractile forces exerted by millimeter-scale ECTs typically recorded through precise optical measurement of deflection of the polymer scaffolds that support them. The required resolution and speed limit the field of view to at most a few ECTs at a time using conventional imaging. Methods: To balance the inherent tradeoff among imaging resolution, field of view and speed, an innovative mosaic imaging system was designed, built, and validated to sense contractile force of 3D ECTs seeded on a 96-well plate. Results: The system performance was validated through real-time, parallel contractile force monitoring for up to 3 weeks. Pilot drug testing was conducted using isoproterenol. Discussion: The described tool increases contractile force sensing throughput to 96 samples per measurement; significantly reduces cost, time and labor needed for preclinical cardiotoxicity assay using 3D ECT. More broadly, our mosaicking approach is a general way to scale up image-based screening in multi-well formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall S. Ma
- Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Lihua Lou
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arvind Agarwal
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Thomas G. Bifano
- Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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19
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Rivera‐Arbeláez JM, Keekstra D, Cofiño‐Fabres C, Boonen T, Dostanic M, ten Den SA, Vermeul K, Mastrangeli M, van den Berg A, Segerink LI, Ribeiro MC, Strisciuglio N, Passier R. Automated assessment of human engineered heart tissues using deep learning and template matching for segmentation and tracking. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10513. [PMID: 37206226 PMCID: PMC10189437 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The high rate of drug withdrawal from the market due to cardiovascular toxicity or lack of efficacy, the economic burden, and extremely long time before a compound reaches the market, have increased the relevance of human in vitro models like human (patient-derived) pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived engineered heart tissues (EHTs) for the evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of compounds at the early phase in the drug development pipeline. Consequently, the EHT contractile properties are highly relevant parameters for the analysis of cardiotoxicity, disease phenotype, and longitudinal measurements of cardiac function over time. In this study, we developed and validated the software HAARTA (Highly Accurate, Automatic and Robust Tracking Algorithm), which automatically analyzes contractile properties of EHTs by segmenting and tracking brightfield videos, using deep learning and template matching with sub-pixel precision. We demonstrate the robustness, accuracy, and computational efficiency of the software by comparing it to the state-of-the-art method (MUSCLEMOTION), and by testing it with a data set of EHTs from three different hPSC lines. HAARTA will facilitate standardized analysis of contractile properties of EHTs, which will be beneficial for in vitro drug screening and longitudinal measurements of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rivera‐Arbeláez
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Danjel Keekstra
- Data Management & Biometrics (DMB) GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Carla Cofiño‐Fabres
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Simone A. ten Den
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Kim Vermeul
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Loes I. Segerink
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid DynamicsUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | | | - Nicola Strisciuglio
- Data Management & Biometrics (DMB) GroupUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed CentreUniversity of TwenteEnschedethe Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenthe Netherlands
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20
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Yong U, Kim D, Kim H, Hwang DG, Cho S, Nam H, Kim S, Kim T, Jeong U, Kim K, Chung WK, Yeo WH, Jang J. Biohybrid 3D Printing of a Tissue-Sensor Platform for Wireless, Real-Time, and Continuous Monitoring of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208983. [PMID: 36528341 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is regarded as a major hurdle in the early stages of drug development. Although there are various methods for preclinical cardiotoxicity tests, they cannot completely predict the cardiotoxic potential of a compound due to the lack of physiological relevance. Recently, 3D engineered heart tissue (EHT) has been used to investigate cardiac muscle functions as well as pharmacological effects by exhibiting physiological auxotonic contractions. However, there is still no adequate platform for continuous monitoring to test acute and chronic pharmacological effects in vitro. Here, a biohybrid 3D printing method for fabricating a tissue-sensor platform, composed of a bipillar-grafted strain gauge sensor and EHT, is first introduced. Two pillars are three-dimensionally printed as grafts onto a strain gauge-embedded substrate to promote the EHT contractility and guide the self-assembly of the EHTs along with the strain gauge. In addition, the integration of a wireless multi-channel electronic system allows for continuous monitoring of the EHT contractile force by the tissue-sensor platform and, ultimately, for the observation of the acute and chronic drug effects of cardiotoxicants. In summary, biohybrid 3D printing technology is expected to be a potential fabrication method to provide a next-generation tissue-sensor platform for an effective drug development process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uijung Yong
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Kim
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoong Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dong Gyu Hwang
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkeon Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoryung Nam
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37666, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejin Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Keehoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Kyun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- IEN Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37666, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37666, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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21
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MacDonnell S, Megna J, Ruan Q, Zhu O, Halasz G, Jasewicz D, Powers K, E H, del Pilar Molina-Portela M, Jin X, Zhang D, Torello J, Feric NT, Graziano MP, Shekhar A, Dunn ME, Glass D, Morton L. Activin A directly impairs human cardiomyocyte contractile function indicating a potential role in heart failure development. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1038114. [PMID: 36440002 PMCID: PMC9685658 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1038114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin A has been linked to cardiac dysfunction in aging and disease, with elevated circulating levels found in patients with hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. Here, we investigated whether Activin A directly impairs cardiomyocyte (CM) contractile function and kinetics utilizing cell, tissue, and animal models. Hydrodynamic gene delivery-mediated overexpression of Activin A in wild-type mice was sufficient to impair cardiac function, and resulted in increased cardiac stress markers (N-terminal pro-atrial natriuretic peptide) and cardiac atrophy. In human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (hiPSC) CMs, Activin A caused increased phosphorylation of SMAD2/3 and significantly upregulated SERPINE1 and FSTL3 (markers of SMAD2/3 activation and activin signaling, respectively). Activin A signaling in hiPSC-CMs resulted in impaired contractility, prolonged relaxation kinetics, and spontaneous beating in a dose-dependent manner. To identify the cardiac cellular source of Activin A, inflammatory cytokines were applied to human cardiac fibroblasts. Interleukin -1β induced a strong upregulation of Activin A. Mechanistically, we observed that Activin A-treated hiPSC-CMs exhibited impaired diastolic calcium handling with reduced expression of calcium regulatory genes (SERCA2, RYR2, CACNB2). Importantly, when Activin A was inhibited with an anti-Activin A antibody, maladaptive calcium handling and CM contractile dysfunction were abrogated. Therefore, inflammatory cytokines may play a key role by acting on cardiac fibroblasts, causing local upregulation of Activin A that directly acts on CMs to impair contractility. These findings demonstrate that Activin A acts directly on CMs, which may contribute to the cardiac dysfunction seen in aging populations and in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Megna
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Qin Ruan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Olivia Zhu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Gabor Halasz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Dan Jasewicz
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Kristi Powers
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Hock E
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | | | - Ximei Jin
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Dongqin Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | | | - Nicole T. Feric
- TARA Biosystems Inc., Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael P. Graziano
- TARA Biosystems Inc., Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - David Glass
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
| | - Lori Morton
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, United States
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22
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Feaster TK, Feric N, Pallotta I, Narkar A, Casciola M, Graziano MP, Aschar-Sobbi R, Blinova K. Acute effects of cardiac contractility modulation stimulation in conventional 2D and 3D human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte models. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1023563. [PMID: 36439258 PMCID: PMC9686332 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1023563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a medical device therapy whereby non-excitatory electrical stimulations are delivered to the myocardium during the absolute refractory period to enhance cardiac function. We previously evaluated the effects of the standard CCM pulse parameters in isolated rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes and 2D human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) monolayers, on flexible substrate. In the present study, we sought to extend these results to human 3D microphysiological systems to develop a robust model to evaluate various clinical CCM pulse parameters in vitro. HiPSC-CMs were studied in conventional 2D monolayer format, on stiff substrate (i.e., glass), and as 3D human engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs). Cardiac contractile properties were evaluated by video (i.e., pixel) and force-based analysis. CCM pulses were assessed at varying electrical ‘doses’ using a commercial pulse generator. A robust CCM contractile response was observed for 3D ECTs. Under comparable conditions, conventional 2D monolayer hiPSC-CMs, on stiff substrate, displayed no contractile response. 3D ECTs displayed enhanced contractile properties including increased contraction amplitude (i.e., force), and accelerated contraction and relaxation slopes under standard acute CCM stimulation. Moreover, 3D ECTs displayed enhanced contractility in a CCM pulse parameter-dependent manner by adjustment of CCM pulse delay, duration, amplitude, and number relative to baseline. The observed acute effects subsided when the CCM stimulation was stopped and gradually returned to baseline. These data represent the first study of CCM in 3D hiPSC-CM models and provide a nonclinical tool to assess various CCM device signals in 3D human cardiac tissues prior to in vivo animal studies. Moreover, this work provides a foundation to evaluate the effects of additional cardiac medical devices in 3D ECTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tromondae K. Feaster
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Nicole Feric
- Valo Health Inc, Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - Isabella Pallotta
- Valo Health Inc, Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - Akshay Narkar
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Maura Casciola
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Michael P. Graziano
- Valo Health Inc, Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - Roozbeh Aschar-Sobbi
- Valo Health Inc, Alexandria Center for Life Sciences, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ksenia Blinova
- Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Ksenia Blinova,
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23
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Chunduri V, Maddi S. Role of in vitro two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems for ADME-Tox screening in drug discovery and development: a comprehensive review. ADMET & DMPK 2022; 11:1-32. [PMID: 36778905 PMCID: PMC9909725 DOI: 10.5599/admet.1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Drug discovery and development have become a very time-consuming and expensive process. Preclinical animal models have become the gold standard for studying drug pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters. However, the involvement of a huge number of animal subjects and inter-species pathophysiological variations between animals and humans has provoked a lot of debate, particularly because of ethical concerns. Although many efforts are being established by biotech and pharmaceutical companies for screening new chemical entities in vitro before preclinical trials, failures during clinical trials are still involved. Currently, a large number of two- dimensional (2D) in vitro assays have been developed and are being developed by researchers for the screening of compounds. Although these assays are helpful in screening a huge library of compounds and have shown perception, there is a significant lack in predicting human Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion and Toxicology (ADME-Tox). As a result, these assays cannot completely replace animal models. The recent inventions in three-dimensional (3D) cell culture-based assays like organoids and micro-physiological systems have shown great potential alternative tools for predicting the compound pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic fate in humans. In this comprehensive review, we have summarized some of the most commonly used 2D in vitro assays and emphasized the achievements in next-generation 3D cell culture-based systems for predicting the compound ADME-Tox.
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24
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Brogi S, Tabanelli R, Calderone V. Combinatorial approaches for novel cardiovascular drug discovery: a review of the literature. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:1111-1129. [PMID: 35853260 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2104247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this article, authors report an inclusive discussion about the combinatorial approach for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and for counteracting the cardiovascular risk factors. The mentioned strategy was demonstrated to be useful for improving the efficacy of pharmacological treatments and in CVDs showed superior efficacy with respect to the classical monotherapeutic approach. AREAS COVERED According to this topic, authors analyzed the combinatorial treatments that are available on the market, highlighting clinical studies that demonstrated the efficacy of combinatorial drug strategies to cure CVDs and related risk factors. Furthermore, the review gives an outlook on the future perspective of this therapeutic option, highlighting novel drug targets and disease models that could help the future cardiovascular drug discovery. EXPERT OPINION The use of specifically designed and increasingly rational and effective drug combination therapies can therefore be considered the evolution of polypharmacy in cardiometabolic and CVDs. This approach can allow to intervene on multiple etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the disease or to act simultaneously on different pathologies/risk factors, using the combinations most suitable from a pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and toxicological perspective, thus finding the most appropriate therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Charwat V, Charrez B, Siemons BA, Finsberg H, Jæger KH, Edwards AG, Huebsch N, Wall S, Miller E, Tveito A, Healy KE. Validating the Arrhythmogenic Potential of High-, Intermediate-, and Low-Risk Drugs in a Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Microphysiological System. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:652-667. [PMID: 35983280 PMCID: PMC9380217 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of arrhythmogenic drugs is required by regulatory agencies before any new compound can obtain market approval. Despite rigorous review, cardiac disorders remain the second most common cause for safety-related market withdrawal. On the other hand, false-positive preclinical findings prohibit potentially beneficial candidates from moving forward in the development pipeline. Complex in vitro models using cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CM) have been identified as a useful tool that allows for rapid and cost-efficient screening of proarrhythmic drug risk. Currently available hiPSC-CM models employ simple two-dimensional (2D) culture formats with limited structural and functional relevance to the human heart muscle. Here, we present the use of our 3D cardiac microphysiological system (MPS), composed of a hiPSC-derived heart micromuscle, as a platform for arrhythmia risk assessment. We employed two different hiPSC lines and tested seven drugs with known ion channel effects and known clinical risk: dofetilide and bepridil (high risk); amiodarone and terfenadine (intermediate risk); and nifedipine, mexiletine, and lidocaine (low risk). The cardiac MPS successfully predicted drug cardiotoxicity risks based on changes in action potential duration, beat waveform (i.e., shape), and occurrence of proarrhythmic events of healthy patient hiPSC lines in the absence of risk cofactors. We showcase examples where the cardiac MPS outperformed existing hiPSC-CM 2D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Charwat
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bérénice Charrez
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Brian A. Siemons
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | | | - Nathaniel Huebsch
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Samuel Wall
- Simula Research Laboratory, 0164 Oslo, Norway
| | - Evan Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Kevin E. Healy
- Department of Bioengineering and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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26
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Koyilot MC, Natarajan P, Hunt CR, Sivarajkumar S, Roy R, Joglekar S, Pandita S, Tong CW, Marakkar S, Subramanian L, Yadav SS, Cherian AV, Pandita TK, Shameer K, Yadav KK. Breakthroughs and Applications of Organ-on-a-Chip Technology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111828. [PMID: 35681523 PMCID: PMC9180073 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip (OOAC) is an emerging technology based on microfluid platforms and in vitro cell culture that has a promising future in the healthcare industry. The numerous advantages of OOAC over conventional systems make it highly popular. The chip is an innovative combination of novel technologies, including lab-on-a-chip, microfluidics, biomaterials, and tissue engineering. This paper begins by analyzing the need for the development of OOAC followed by a brief introduction to the technology. Later sections discuss and review the various types of OOACs and the fabrication materials used. The implementation of artificial intelligence in the system makes it more advanced, thereby helping to provide a more accurate diagnosis as well as convenient data management. We introduce selected OOAC projects, including applications to organ/disease modelling, pharmacology, personalized medicine, and dentistry. Finally, we point out certain challenges that need to be surmounted in order to further develop and upgrade the current systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufeeda C. Koyilot
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Priyadarshini Natarajan
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Clayton R. Hunt
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sonish Sivarajkumar
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Romy Roy
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Shreeram Joglekar
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Shruti Pandita
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Carl W. Tong
- School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shamsudheen Marakkar
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | | | - Shalini S. Yadav
- Department of Immunology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Anoop V. Cherian
- Molecular Robotics, Cochin 682033, India; (M.C.K.); (P.N.); (S.S.); (R.R.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (A.V.C.)
| | - Tej K. Pandita
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (T.K.P.); (K.S.); (K.K.Y.)
| | - Khader Shameer
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Correspondence: (T.K.P.); (K.S.); (K.K.Y.)
| | - Kamlesh K. Yadav
- School of Engineering Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (T.K.P.); (K.S.); (K.K.Y.)
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27
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Daley MC, Mende U, Choi BR, McMullen PD, Coulombe KLK. Beyond pharmaceuticals: Fit-for-purpose new approach methodologies for environmental cardiotoxicity testing. ALTEX 2022; 40:103-116. [PMID: 35648122 PMCID: PMC10502740 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2109131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors play a substantial role in determining cardiovascular health, but data informing the risks presented by environmental toxicants is insufficient. In vitro new approach methodologies (NAMs) offer a promising approach with which to address the limitations of traditional in vivo and in vitro assays for assessing cardiotoxicity. Driven largely by the needs of pharmaceutical toxicity testing, considerable progress in developing NAMs for cardiotoxicity analysis has already been made. As the scientific and regulatory interest in NAMs for environmental chemicals continues to grow, a thorough understanding of the unique features of environmental cardiotoxicants and their associated cardiotoxicities is needed. Here, we review the key characteristics of as well as important regulatory and biological considerations for fit-for-purpose NAMs for environmental cardiotoxicity. By emphasizing the challenges and opportunities presented by NAMs for environmental cardiotoxicity we hope to accelerate their development, acceptance, and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Daley
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ulrike Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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28
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Koivisto M, Mosallaei M, Toimela T, Tuukkanen S, Heinonen T. Direct Contraction Force Measurements of Engineered Cardiac Tissue Constructs With Inotropic Drug Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:871569. [PMID: 35592423 PMCID: PMC9110810 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.871569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Contractility is one of the most crucial functions of the heart because it is directly related to the maintenance of blood perfusion throughout the body. Both increase and decrease in contractility may cause fatal consequences. Therefore, drug discovery would benefit greatly from reliable testing of candidate molecule effects on contractility capacity. In this study, we further developed a dual-axis piezoelectric force sensor together with our human cell–based vascularized cardiac tissue constructs for cardiac contraction force measurements. The capability to detect drug-induced inotropic effects was tested with a set of known positive and negative inotropic compounds of isoprenaline, milrinone, omecamtiv mecarbil, propranolol, or verapamil in different concentrations. Both positive and negative inotropic effects were measurable, showing that our cardiac contraction force measurement system including a piezoelectric cantilever sensor and a human cell–based cardiac tissue constructs has the potential to be used for testing of inotropic drug effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Koivisto
- FHAIVE (Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Milad Mosallaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tarja Toimela
- FHAIVE (Finnish Hub for Development and Validation of Integrated Approaches), Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sampo Tuukkanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuula Heinonen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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29
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Zhu L, Liu K, Feng Q, Liao Y. Cardiac Organoids: A 3D Technology for Modeling Heart Development and Disease. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2593-2605. [PMID: 35525908 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10385-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac organoids (COs) are miniaturized and simplified organ structures that can be used in heart development biology, drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. This cardiac organoid (CO) model is revolutionizing our perspective on answering major cardiac physiology and pathology issues. Recently, many research groups have reported various methods for modeling the heart in vitro. However, there are differences in methodologies and concepts. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in cardiac organoid technologies derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), with a focus on the summary of methods for organoid generation. In addition, we introduce CO applications in modeling heart development and cardiovascular diseases and discuss the prospects for and common challenges of CO that still need to be addressed. A detailed understanding of the development of CO will help us design better methods, explore and expand its application in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kui Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yingnan Liao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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Bremner SB, Gaffney KS, Sniadecki NJ, Mack DL. A Change of Heart: Human Cardiac Tissue Engineering as a Platform for Drug Development. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:473-486. [PMID: 35247166 PMCID: PMC8897733 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human cardiac tissue engineering holds great promise for early detection of drug-related cardiac toxicity and arrhythmogenicity during drug discovery and development. We describe shortcomings of the current drug development pathway, recent advances in the development of cardiac tissue constructs as drug testing platforms, and the challenges remaining in their widespread adoption. RECENT FINDINGS Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have been used to develop a variety of constructs including cardiac spheroids, microtissues, strips, rings, and chambers. Several ambitious studies have used these constructs to test a significant number of drugs, and while most have shown proper negative inotropic and arrhythmogenic responses, few have been able to demonstrate positive inotropy, indicative of relative hPSC-CM immaturity. Several engineered human cardiac tissue platforms have demonstrated native cardiac physiology and proper drug responses. Future studies addressing hPSC-CM immaturity and inclusion of patient-specific cell lines will further advance the utility of such models for in vitro drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha B. Bremner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Karen S. Gaffney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - David L. Mack
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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31
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Rivera-Arbeláez JM, Cofiño-Fabres C, Schwach V, Boonen T, ten Den SA, Vermeul K, van den Berg A, Segerink LI, Ribeiro MC, Passier R. Contractility analysis of human engineered 3D heart tissues by an automatic tracking technique using a standalone application. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266834. [PMID: 35421132 PMCID: PMC9009597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of Engineered Heart Tissues (EHT) as in vitro model for disease modeling and drug screening has increased, as they provide important insight into the genetic mechanisms, cardiac toxicity or drug responses. Consequently, this has highlighted the need for a standardized, unbiased, robust and automatic way to analyze hallmark physiological features of EHTs. In this study we described and validated a standalone application to analyze physiological features of EHTs in an automatic, robust, and unbiased way, using low computational time. The standalone application “EHT Analysis” contains two analysis modes (automatic and manual) to analyzes the contractile properties and the contraction kinetics of EHTs from high speed bright field videos. As output data, the graphs of displacement, contraction force and contraction kinetics per file will be generated together with the raw data. Additionally, it also generates a summary file containing all the data from the analyzed files, which facilitates and speeds up the post analysis. From our study we highlight the importance of analyzing the axial stress which is the force per surface area (μN/mm2). This allows to have a readout overtime of tissue compaction, axial stress and leave the option to calculate at the end point of an experiment the physiological cross-section area (PSCA). We demonstrated the utility of this tool by analyzing contractile properties and compaction over time of EHTs made out of a double reporter human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) line (NKX2.5EGFP/+-COUP-TFIImCherry/+) and different ratios of human adult cardiac fibroblasts (HCF). Our standalone application “EHT Analysis” can be applied for different studies where the physiological features of EHTs needs to be analyzed under the effect of a drug compound or in a disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Rivera-Arbeláez
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Cofiño-Fabres
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Boonen
- River BioMedics, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A. ten Den
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Vermeul
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Loes I. Segerink
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo C. Ribeiro
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- River BioMedics, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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32
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Progress in Bioengineering Strategies for Heart Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073482. [PMID: 35408844 PMCID: PMC8998628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human heart has the least regenerative capabilities among tissues and organs, and heart disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality in the industrialized world with insufficient therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Therefore, developing new therapeutic strategies for heart regeneration is a major goal in modern cardiac biology and medicine. Recent advances in stem cell biology and biotechnologies such as human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and cardiac tissue engineering hold great promise for opening novel paths to heart regeneration and repair for heart disease, although these areas are still in their infancy. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering strategies, highlighting stem cell engineering and cardiomyocyte maturation, development of novel functional biomaterials and biofabrication tools, and their therapeutic applications involving drug discovery, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine for heart disease.
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33
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Arslan U, Orlova VV, Mummery CL. Perspectives for Future Use of Cardiac Microtissues from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4605-4609. [PMID: 35315663 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disorders remain a critical health issue worldwide. While animals have been used extensively as experimental models to investigate heart disease mechanisms and develop drugs, their inherent drawbacks have shifted focus to more human-relevant alternatives. Human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (hESCs and hiPSCs, collectively called hPSCs) have been identified as a source of different cardiac cells, but to date, they have rarely offered functional and structural maturity of the adult human heart. However, the combination of patient derived hPSCs with microphysiological tissue engineering approaches has presented new opportunities to study heart development and disease and identify drug targets. These models often closely mimic specific aspects of the native heart tissue including intercellular crosstalk and microenvironmental cues such that maturation occurs and relevant disease phenotypes are revealed. Most recently, organ-on-chip technology based on microfluidic devices has been combined with stem cell derived organoids and microtissues to create vascularized structures that can be subjected to fluidic flow and to which immune cells can be added to mimic inflammation of tissue postinjury. Similarly, the integration of nerve cells in these models can provide insight into how the cardiac nervous system affects heart pathology, for example, after myocardial infarction. Here, we consider these models and approaches in the context of cardiovascular disease together with their applications and readouts. We reflect on perspectives for their future implementation in understanding disease mechanisms and the drug discovery pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulgu Arslan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Einthovenweg 20, 2333ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
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34
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Baddal B. Microfluidic Organ-Chips and Infectious Diseases: Insights from the Development and Applications Perspective. CYPRUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/cjms.2020.1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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35
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Arslan U, Moruzzi A, Nowacka J, Mummery CL, Eckardt D, Loskill P, Orlova VV. Microphysiological stem cell models of the human heart. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100259. [PMID: 35514437 PMCID: PMC9062349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of heart disease and drug responses are increasingly based on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) since their ability to capture human heart (dys-)function is often better than animal models. Simple monolayer cultures of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, however, have shortcomings. Some of these can be overcome using more complex, multi cell-type models in 3D. Here we review modalities that address this, describe efforts to tailor readouts and sensors for monitoring tissue- and cell physiology (exogenously and in situ) and discuss perspectives for implementation in industry and academia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulgu Arslan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alessia Moruzzi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joanna Nowacka
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. & Co. KG, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- 3R-Center for in Vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valeria V. Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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36
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Kofron CM, Choi BR, Coulombe KLK. Arrhythmia Assessment in Heterotypic Human Cardiac Myocyte-Fibroblast Microtissues. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2485:147-157. [PMID: 35618904 PMCID: PMC10502739 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2261-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment assays for chemically induced arrhythmia are critical, but significant limitations exist with current cardiotoxicity testing, including a focus on single select ion channels, the use of non-human species in vitro and in vivo, and limited direct physiological translation. To be predictive of actual adverse clinical arrhythmic risk, arrhythmia assessment models for chemicals and drugs should be fit-for-purpose and suited for evaluating compounds in which the mechanism of action may not be entirely known. Here, we describe methods for efficient and reliable screening for arrhythmogenic cardiotoxicity with a 3D human cardiac microtissue model using purified human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and human cardiac fibroblasts. Applying optical mapping of voltage and calcium-sensitive dyes-an established approach to evaluate cardiac action potentials and calcium transients-to 3D heterotypic cardiac myocyte-fibroblast tissues allows for the generation and functional analysis of a large number of individual microtissues to provide greater throughput and high statistical power in analyses. Hundreds of microtissues in standard cell culture plates can be produced with low variability beat-to-beat, microtissue-to-microtissue, and across hiPSC-cardiomyocyte differentiation batches, reducing the number of microtissues required per condition for predictive outputs. The platform described here can be used as a sensitive, efficient, and predictive preclinical model validated for the purpose of assessing human pro-arrhythmic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celinda M Kofron
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Bum-Rak Choi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- School of Engineering, Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have profound utility in generating functional human engineered cardiac tissues (ECT) for heart repair. However, the field at large is concerned about the relative immaturity of these hiPSC-CMs as we aim to develop clinically relevant models for regenerative therapy and drug testing. Herein, we develop a novel calcium (Ca2+) conditioning protocol that maintains ECTs in a physiological range of Ca2+ and assesses contractility in increasing calcium environments. Lactate-based selection served as a method to purify and shift the metabolic profile of hiPSC-CMs to evaluate the role of metabolism on Ca2+ sensitivity. After 2 weeks, we observe 2-fold greater peak twitch stress in high-Ca2+ conditioned ECTs, despite having lower stiffness and no change in Ca2+ sensitivity of twitch force. Interestingly, the force-calcium relationship reveals higher Ca2+ sensitivity in lactate conditioned tissues, suggesting that metabolic maturation alters mitochondrial Ca2+ buffering and regulation. Ca2+ sensitivity and force amplitude are not coupled, as lactate conditioned tissues produce force comparable to that of controls in high calcium environments. An upregulation of calcium handling protein gene expression likely contributes to the greater Ca2+ sensitivity in lactate conditioned hiPSC-CMs. Our findings support the use of physiological Ca2+ to enhance the functional maturation of excitation-contraction coupling in hiPSC-CMs and demonstrate that metabolic changes induced by lactate conditioning alter cardiomyocyte sensitivity to external Ca2+. These conditioning methods may be used to advance the development of engineered human cardiac tissue for translational applications in vitro and in vivo as a regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Minor
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kareen L K Coulombe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Corresponding author: Kareen L.K. Coulombe, PhD, Brown University, Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, 184 Hope Street, Box D, Providence, RI 02912, USA. Tel: 401-863-2318;
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38
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Matsui T, Shinozawa T. Human Organoids for Predictive Toxicology Research and Drug Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:767621. [PMID: 34790228 PMCID: PMC8591288 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.767621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional structures fabricated in vitro from pluripotent stem cells or adult tissue stem cells via a process of self-organization that results in the formation of organ-specific cell types. Human organoids are expected to mimic complex microenvironments and many of the in vivo physiological functions of relevant tissues, thus filling the translational gap between animals and humans and increasing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying disease and developmental processes. In the last decade, organoid research has attracted increasing attention in areas such as disease modeling, drug development, regenerative medicine, toxicology research, and personalized medicine. In particular, in the field of toxicology, where there are various traditional models, human organoids are expected to blaze a new path in future research by overcoming the current limitations, such as those related to differences in drug responses among species. Here, we discuss the potential usefulness, limitations, and future prospects of human liver, heart, kidney, gut, and brain organoids from the viewpoints of predictive toxicology research and drug development, providing cutting edge information on their fabrication methods and functional characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikatsu Matsui
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Shinozawa
- Drug Safety Research and Evaluation, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Japan
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39
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A Cylindrical Molding Method for the Biofabrication of Plane-Shaped Skeletal Muscle Tissue. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111411. [PMID: 34832821 PMCID: PMC8625600 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Muscle tissues can be fabricated in vitro by culturing myoblast-populated hydrogels. To counter the shrinkage of the myoblast-populated hydrogels during culture, a pair of anchors are generally utilized to fix the two ends of the hydrogel. Here, we propose an alternative method to counter the shrinkage of the hydrogel and fabricate plane-shaped skeletal muscle tissues. The method forms myoblast-populated hydrogel in a cylindrical cavity with a central pillar, which can prevent tissue shrinkage along the circumferential direction. By eliminating the usages of the anchor pairs, our proposed method can produce plane-shaped skeletal muscle tissues with uniform width and thickness. In experiments, we demonstrate the fabrication of plane-shaped (length: ca. 10 mm, width: 5~15 mm) skeletal muscle tissue with submillimeter thickness. The tissues have uniform shapes and are populated with differentiated muscle cells stained positive for myogenic differentiation markers (i.e., myosin heavy chains). In addition, we show the assembly of subcentimeter-order tissue blocks by stacking the plane-shaped skeletal muscle tissues. The proposed method can be further optimized and scaled up to produce cultured animal products such as cultured meat.
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40
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He H, Baka T, Balschi J, Motani AS, Nguyen KK, Liu Q, Slater R, Rock B, Wang C, Hale C, Karamanlidis G, Hartman JJ, Malik FI, Reagan JD, Luptak I. A Novel Small Molecule Troponin Activator Increases Cardiac Contractile Function Without Negative Impact on Energetics. Circ Heart Fail 2021; 15:e009195. [PMID: 34743528 PMCID: PMC8920024 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Current heart failure (HF) therapies unload the failing heart without targeting the underlying problem of reduced cardiac contractility. Traditional inotropes (i.e. calcitropes) stimulate contractility via energetically costly augmentation of calcium cycling and worsen patient survival. A new class of agents - myotropes - activate the sarcomere directly, independent of calcium. We hypothesize that a novel myotrope TA1 increases contractility without the deleterious myocardial energetic impact of a calcitrope dobutamine. Methods: We determined the effect of TA1 in bovine cardiac myofibrils and human cardiac microtissues, ex vivo in mouse cardiac fibers and in vivo in anesthetized normal rats. Effects of increasing concentrations of TA1 or dobutamine on contractile function, phosphocreatine (PCr) and ATP concentrations and ATP production were assessed by 31P NMR spectroscopy on isolated perfused rat hearts. Results: TA1 increased the rate of myosin ATPase activity in isolated bovine myofibrils and calcium sensitivity in intact mouse papillary fibers. Contractility increased dose dependently in human cardiac microtissues and in vivo in rats as assessed by echocardiography. In isolated rat hearts, TA1 and dobutamine similarly increased rate pressure product (RPP). Dobutamine increased both developed pressure (DevP) and heart rate (HR) accompanied by decreased PCr to ATP ratio and decreased free energy of ATP hydrolysis (ΔG~ATP) and elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). In contrast, the TA1 increased DevP without any effect on HR, LVEDP, PCr/ATP ratio or ΔG~ATP. Conclusions: Novel myotrope, TA1, increased myocardial contractility by sensitizing the sarcomere to calcium without impairing diastolic function or depleting the cardiac energy reserve. Since energetic depletion negatively correlates with long term survival, myotropes may represent a superior alternative to traditional inotropes in heart failure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei He
- Physiological NMR Core Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tomas Baka
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - James Balschi
- Physiological NMR Core Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alykhan S Motani
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Kathy K Nguyen
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Qingxiang Liu
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Rebecca Slater
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Brooke Rock
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Chen Wang
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Christopher Hale
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Georgios Karamanlidis
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | | | | | - Jeff D Reagan
- Amgen Research, Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA
| | - Ivan Luptak
- Myocardial Biology Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
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41
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Testa G, Di Benedetto G, Passaro F. Advanced Technologies to Target Cardiac Cell Fate Plasticity for Heart Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179517. [PMID: 34502423 PMCID: PMC8431232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult human heart can only adapt to heart diseases by starting a myocardial remodeling process to compensate for the loss of functional cardiomyocytes, which ultimately develop into heart failure. In recent decades, the evolution of new strategies to regenerate the injured myocardium based on cellular reprogramming represents a revolutionary new paradigm for cardiac repair by targeting some key signaling molecules governing cardiac cell fate plasticity. While the indirect reprogramming routes require an in vitro engineered 3D tissue to be transplanted in vivo, the direct cardiac reprogramming would allow the administration of reprogramming factors directly in situ, thus holding great potential as in vivo treatment for clinical applications. In this framework, cellular reprogramming in partnership with nanotechnologies and bioengineering will offer new perspectives in the field of cardiovascular research for disease modeling, drug screening, and tissue engineering applications. In this review, we will summarize the recent progress in developing innovative therapeutic strategies based on manipulating cardiac cell fate plasticity in combination with bioengineering and nanotechnology-based approaches for targeting the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Testa
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “V. Tiberio”, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Center for Nanotechnology Research—NanoBem, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giorgia Di Benedetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Fabiana Passaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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42
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Engineered cardiac tissues: a novel in vitro model to investigate the pathophysiology of mouse diabetic cardiomyopathy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:932-941. [PMID: 33037406 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rodent diabetic models, used to understand the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), remain several limitations. Engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) have emerged as robust 3D in vitro models to investigate structure-function relationships as well as cardiac injury and repair. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), produced through glycation of proteins or lipids in response to hyperglycemia, are important pathogenic factor for the development of DCM. In the current study, we developed a murine-based ECT model to investigate cardiac injury produced by AGEs. We treated ECTs composed of neonatal murine cardiac cells with AGEs and observed AGE-related functional, cellular, and molecular alterations: (1) AGEs (150 µg/mL) did not cause acute cytotoxicity, which displayed as necrosis detected by medium LDH release or apoptosis detected by cleaved caspase 3 and TUNEL staining, but negatively impacted ECT function on treatment day 9; (2) AGEs treatment significantly increased the markers of fibrosis (TGF-β, α-SMA, Ctgf, Collagen I-α1, Collagen III-α1, and Fn1) and hypertrophy (Nppa and Myh7); (3) AGEs treatment significantly increased ECT oxidative stress markers (3-NT, 4-HNE, HO-1, CAT, and SOD2) and inflammation response markers (PAI-1, TNF-α, NF-κB, and ICAM-1); and (4) AGE-induced pathogenic responses were all attenuated by pre-application of AGE receptor antagonist FPS-ZM1 (20 µM) or the antioxidant glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine (5 mM). Therefore, AGEs-treated murine ECTs recapitulate the key features of DCM's functional, cellular and molecular pathogenesis, and may serve as a robust in vitro model to investigate cellular structure-function relationships, signaling pathways relevant to DCM and pharmaceutical intervention strategies.
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43
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Tenreiro MF, Louro AF, Alves PM, Serra M. Next generation of heart regenerative therapies: progress and promise of cardiac tissue engineering. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:30. [PMID: 34075050 PMCID: PMC8169890 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult heart is a vital and highly specialized organ of the human body, with limited capability of self-repair and regeneration in case of injury or disease. Engineering biomimetic cardiac tissue to regenerate the heart has been an ambition in the field of tissue engineering, tracing back to the 1990s. Increased understanding of human stem cell biology and advances in process engineering have provided an unlimited source of cells, particularly cardiomyocytes, for the development of functional cardiac muscle, even though pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes poorly resemble those of the adult heart. This review outlines key biology-inspired strategies reported to improve cardiomyocyte maturation features and current biofabrication approaches developed to engineer clinically relevant cardiac tissues. It also highlights the potential use of this technology in drug discovery science and disease modeling as well as the current efforts to translate it into effective therapies that improve heart function and promote regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel F Tenreiro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana F Louro
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Serra
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biologica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal.
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44
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Batalov I, Jallerat Q, Kim S, Bliley J, Feinberg AW. Engineering aligned human cardiac muscle using developmentally inspired fibronectin micropatterns. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11502. [PMID: 34075068 PMCID: PMC8169656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac two-dimensional tissues were engineered using biomimetic micropatterns based on the fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix (ECM) of the embryonic heart. The goal of this developmentally-inspired, in vitro approach was to identify cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions in the microenvironment of the early 4-chambered vertebrate heart that drive cardiomyocyte organization and alignment. To test this, biomimetic micropatterns based on confocal imaging of fibronectin in embryonic chick myocardium were created and compared to control micropatterns designed with 2 or 20 µm wide fibronectin lines. Results show that embryonic chick cardiomyocytes have a unique density-dependent alignment on the biomimetic micropattern that is mediated in part by N-cadherin, suggesting that both cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions play an important role in the formation of aligned myocardium. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes also showed density-dependent alignment on the biomimetic micropattern but were overall less well organized. Interestingly, the addition of human adult cardiac fibroblasts and conditioning with T3 hormone were both shown to increase human cardiomyocyte alignment. In total, these results show that cardiomyocyte maturation state, cardiomyocyte-cardiomyocyte and cardiomyocyte-fibroblast interactions, and cardiomyocyte-ECM interactions can all play a role when engineering anisotropic cardiac tissues in vitro and provides insight as to how these factors may influence cardiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Batalov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Quentin Jallerat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Sean Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bliley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15213, USA.
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45
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Zhang XD, Thai PN, Lieu DK, Chiamvimonvat N. Model Systems for Addressing Mechanism of Arrhythmogenesis in Cardiac Repair. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:72. [PMID: 34050853 PMCID: PMC8164614 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01498-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiac cell-based therapy represents a promising approach for cardiac repair. However, one of the main challenges is cardiac arrhythmias associated with stem cell transplantation. The current review summarizes the recent progress in model systems for addressing mechanisms of arrhythmogenesis in cardiac repair. RECENT FINDINGS Animal models have been extensively developed for mechanistic studies of cardiac arrhythmogenesis. Advances in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), patient-specific disease models, tissue engineering, and gene editing have greatly enhanced our ability to probe the mechanistic bases of cardiac arrhythmias. Additionally, recent development in multiscale computational studies and machine learning provides yet another powerful tool to quantitatively decipher the mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias. Advancing efforts towards the integrations of experimental and computational studies are critical to gain insights into novel mitigation strategies for cardiac arrhythmias in cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655 USA
| | - Phung N. Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655 USA
| | - Deborah K. Lieu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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46
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Munawar S, Turnbull IC. Cardiac Tissue Engineering: Inclusion of Non-cardiomyocytes for Enhanced Features. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653127. [PMID: 34113613 PMCID: PMC8186263 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) are 3D physiological models of the heart that are created and studied for their potential role in developing therapies of cardiovascular diseases and testing cardio toxicity of drugs. Recreating the microenvironment of the native myocardium in vitro mainly involves the use of cardiomyocytes. However, ECTs with only cardiomyocytes (CM-only) often perform poorly and are less similar to the native myocardium compared to ECTs constructed from co-culture of cardiomyocytes and nonmyocytes. One important goal of co-culture tissues is to mimic the native heart's cellular composition, which can result in better tissue function and maturity. In this review, we investigate the role of nonmyocytes in ECTs and discuss the mechanisms behind the contributions of nonmyocytes in enhancement of ECT features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene C. Turnbull
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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47
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Seguret M, Vermersch E, Jouve C, Hulot JS. Cardiac Organoids to Model and Heal Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:563. [PMID: 34069816 PMCID: PMC8157277 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering aims at creating contractile structures that can optimally reproduce the features of human cardiac tissue. These constructs are becoming valuable tools to model some of the cardiac functions, to set preclinical platforms for drug testing, or to alternatively be used as therapies for cardiac repair approaches. Most of the recent developments in cardiac tissue engineering have been made possible by important advances regarding the efficient generation of cardiac cells from pluripotent stem cells and the use of novel biomaterials and microfabrication methods. Different combinations of cells, biomaterials, scaffolds, and geometries are however possible, which results in different types of structures with gradual complexities and abilities to mimic the native cardiac tissue. Here, we intend to cover key aspects of tissue engineering applied to cardiology and the consequent development of cardiac organoids. This review presents various facets of the construction of human cardiac 3D constructs, from the choice of the components to their patterning, the final geometry of generated tissues, and the subsequent readouts and applications to model and treat cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Seguret
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Eva Vermersch
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Charlène Jouve
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- INSERM, PARCC, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France; (M.S.); (E.V.); (C.J.)
- CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, F-75015 Paris, France
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48
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A predictive in vitro risk assessment platform for pro-arrhythmic toxicity using human 3D cardiac microtissues. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10228. [PMID: 33986332 PMCID: PMC8119415 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity of pharmaceutical drugs, industrial chemicals, and environmental toxicants can be severe, even life threatening, which necessitates a thorough evaluation of the human response to chemical compounds. Predicting risks for arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death accurately is critical for defining safety profiles. Currently available approaches have limitations including a focus on single select ion channels, the use of non-human species in vitro and in vivo, and limited direct physiological translation. We have advanced the robustness and reproducibility of in vitro platforms for assessing pro-arrhythmic cardiotoxicity using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and human cardiac fibroblasts in 3-dimensional microtissues. Using automated algorithms and statistical analyses of eight comprehensive evaluation metrics of cardiac action potentials, we demonstrate that tissue-engineered human cardiac microtissues respond appropriately to physiological stimuli and effectively differentiate between high-risk and low-risk compounds exhibiting blockade of the hERG channel (E4031 and ranolazine, respectively). Further, we show that the environmental endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol-A (BPA) causes acute and sensitive disruption of human action potentials in the nanomolar range. Thus, this novel human 3D in vitro pro-arrhythmic risk assessment platform addresses critical needs in cardiotoxicity testing for both environmental and pharmaceutical compounds and can be leveraged to establish safe human exposure levels.
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Soon K, Mourad O, Nunes SS. Engineered human cardiac microtissues: The state-of-the-(he)art. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1008-1016. [PMID: 33786918 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Due to the integration of recent advances in stem cell biology, materials science, and engineering, the field of cardiac tissue engineering has been rapidly progressing toward developing more accurate functional 3D cardiac microtissues from human cell sources. These engineered tissues enable screening of cardiotoxic drugs, disease modeling (eg, by using cells from specific genetic backgrounds or modifying environmental conditions) and can serve as novel drug development platforms. This concise review presents the most recent advances and improvements in cardiac tissue formation, including cardiomyocyte maturation and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Soon
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Omar Mourad
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sara S Nunes
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Campostrini G, Windt LM, van Meer BJ, Bellin M, Mummery CL. Cardiac Tissues From Stem Cells: New Routes to Maturation and Cardiac Regeneration. Circ Res 2021; 128:775-801. [PMID: 33734815 PMCID: PMC8410091 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.318183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability of human pluripotent stem cells to form all cells of the body has provided many opportunities to study disease and produce cells that can be used for therapy in regenerative medicine. Even though beating cardiomyocytes were among the first cell types to be differentiated from human pluripotent stem cell, cardiac applications have advanced more slowly than those, for example, for the brain, eye, and pancreas. This is, in part, because simple 2-dimensional human pluripotent stem cell cardiomyocyte cultures appear to need crucial functional cues normally present in the 3-dimensional heart structure. Recent tissue engineering approaches combined with new insights into the dialogue between noncardiomyocytes and cardiomyocytes have addressed and provided solutions to issues such as cardiomyocyte immaturity and inability to recapitulate adult heart values for features like contraction force, electrophysiology, or metabolism. Three-dimensional bioengineered heart tissues are thus poised to contribute significantly to disease modeling, drug discovery, and safety pharmacology, as well as provide new modalities for heart repair. Here, we review the current status of 3-dimensional engineered heart tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Campostrini
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Laura M. Windt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
| | - Berend J. van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- MESA+ Institute (B.J.v.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.B.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Padua, Italy (M.B.)
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (G.C., L.M.W., B.J.v.M., M.B., C.L.M.)
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies (C.L.M.), University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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