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Li P, Feng Z, Shang B, Uddling J. Combining carbon and oxygen isotopic signatures to identify ozone-induced declines in tree water-use efficiency. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 41:2234-2244. [PMID: 33822226 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O3) pollution affects the plant carbon and water balance, but the relative contributions of impaired photosynthesis and the loss of stomatal functioning to the O3-induced reductions in water-use efficiency (WUE) remain unclear. We combined the leaf stable dual isotopic signatures of carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) with related instantaneous gas exchange performance to determine the effects of O3 dose on the net photosynthetic rate (An), stomatal conductance (gs) and intrinsic WUE (iWUE = An/gs) in four tree species (one being a hybrid) exposed to five O3 levels. The iWUE declined for each step increase in O3 level, reflecting progressive loss of the coupling between leaf carbon gain and water loss. In ambient compared with charcoal-filtered air, the decreased iWUE was associated with reductions in both An and gs (i.e., decreased δ13C and increased δ18O). In elevated O3 treatments, however, the iWUE declines were caused by reduced An at constant or increased gs. The results show that the dual isotope approach provides a robust way to gather time-integrated information on how O3 pollution affects leaf gas exchange. Our study highlights that O3-induced decoupling between photosynthesis and stomatal regulation causes large and progressive declines in the WUE of forest trees, demonstrating the need for incorporating this hitherto unaccounted for effect into vegetation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Li
- Research Center for Urban Forestry, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Road 35, Haidian, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Bo Shang
- Institute of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Ningliu Road 219, Pukou District, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wang W, English NB, Grossiord C, Gessler A, Das AJ, Stephenson NL, Baisan CH, Allen CD, McDowell NG. Mortality predispositions of conifers across western USA. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:831-844. [PMID: 32918833 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conifer mortality rates are increasing in western North America, but the physiological mechanisms underlying this trend are not well understood. We examined tree-ring-based radial growth along with stable carbon (C) and oxygen (O) isotope composition (δ13 C and δ18 O, respectively) of dying and surviving conifers at eight old-growth forest sites across a strong moisture gradient in the western USA to retrospectively investigate mortality predispositions. Compared with surviving trees, lower growth of dying trees was detected at least one decade before mortality at seven of the eight sites. Intrinsic water-use efficiency increased over time in both dying and surviving trees, with a weaker increase in dying trees at five of the eight sites. C starvation was a strong correlate of conifer mortality based on a conceptual model incorporating growth, δ13 C, and δ18 O. However, this approach does not capture processes that occur in the final months of survival. Ultimately, C starvation may lead to increased mortality vulnerability, but hydraulic failure or biotic attack may dominate the process during the end stages of mortality in these conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu,, 610041, China
| | - Nathan B English
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Science, Central Queensland University, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, Lausanne,, CH-1015, Switzerland
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory PERL, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne,, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Functional Plant Ecology, Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, Lausanne,, CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 16, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Adrian J Das
- Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey, Three Rivers, CA, 93271, USA
| | - Nathan L Stephenson
- Western Ecological Research Center, US Geological Survey, Three Rivers, CA, 93271, USA
| | | | - Craig D Allen
- Fort Collins Science Center, New Mexico Landscapes Field Station, US Geological Survey, Los Alamos, NM,, 87544, USA
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
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Disentangling Mechanisms of Drought-Induced Dieback in Pinus nigra Arn. from Growth and Wood Isotope Patterns. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The increased frequency and intensity of warming-induced droughts have triggered dieback episodes affecting many forest types and tree species worldwide. Tree plantations are not exempt as they can be more vulnerable to drought than natural forests because of their lower structural and genetic diversity. Therefore, disentangling the physiological mechanisms leading to growth decline and tree mortality can provide tools to adapt forest management to climate change. In this study, we investigated a Pinus nigra Arn. plantation situated in northern Spain, in which some trees showed canopy dieback and radial-growth decline. We analyzed how radial growth and its responses to drought events differed between non-declining (ND) and declining (D) trees showing low and high canopy defoliation, respectively, in combination with carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotope ratios in tree rings. The radial growth of P. nigra was constrained by water availability during the growing season and the previous autumn. The radial growth of D trees showed higher sensitivity to drought than ND trees. This fact is in accordance with the lower drought resilience and negative growth trends observed in D trees. Both tree classes differed in their growth from 2012 onwards, with D trees showing a reduced growth compared to ND trees. The positive δ13C-δ18O relationship together with the uncoupling between growth and intrinsic water-use efficiency suggest that D trees have less tight stomatal regulation than ND trees, which could involve a high risk of xylem embolism in the former class. Our results suggest that different water use strategies between coexisting ND and D trees were behind the differences in growth patterns and point to hydraulic failure as a possible mechanism triggering dieback and growth decline.
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Isotopic and Water Relation Responses to Ozone and Water Stress in Seedlings of Three Oak Species with Different Adaptation Strategies. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11080864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The impact of global changes on forest ecosystem processes is based on the species-specific responses of trees to the combined effect of multiple stressors and the capacity of each species to acclimate and cope with the environment modification. Combined environmental constraints can severely affect plant and ecological processes involved in plant functionality. This study provides novel insights into the impact of a simultaneous pairing of abiotic stresses (i.e., water and ozone (O3) stress) on the responses of oak species. Water stress (using 40 and 100% of soil water content at field capacity—WS and WW treatments, respectively) and O3 exposure (1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 times the ambient concentration—AA, 1.2AA, and 1.4AA, respectively) were carried out on Quercus robur L., Quercus ilex L., and Quercus pubescens Willd. seedlings, to study physiological traits (1. isotope signature [δ13C, δ18O and δ15N], 2. water relation [leaf water potential, leaf water content], 3. leaf gas exchange [light-saturated net photosynthesis, Asat, and stomatal conductance, gs]) for adaptation strategies in a Free-Air Controlled Exposure (FACE) experiment. Ozone decreased Asat in Q. robur and Q. pubescens while water stress decreased it in all three oak species. Ozone did not affect δ13C, whereas δ18O was influenced by O3 especially in Q. robur. This may reflect a reduction of gs with the concomitant reduction in photosynthetic capacity. However, the effect of elevated O3 on leaf gas exchange as indicated by the combined analysis of stable isotopes was much lower than that of water stress. Water stress was detectable by δ13C and by δ18O in all three oak species, while δ15N did not define plant response to stress conditions in any species. The δ13C signal was correlated to leaf water content (LWC) in Q. robur and Q. ilex, showing isohydric and anisohydric strategy, respectively, at increasing stress intensity (low value of LWC). No interactive effect of water stress and O3 exposure on the isotopic responses was found, suggesting no cross-protection on seasonal carbon assimilation independently on the species adaptation strategy.
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Gessler A, Cailleret M, Joseph J, Schönbeck L, Schaub M, Lehmann M, Treydte K, Rigling A, Timofeeva G, Saurer M. Drought induced tree mortality - a tree-ring isotope based conceptual model to assess mechanisms and predispositions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:485-490. [PMID: 29626352 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Jobin Joseph
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Leonie Schönbeck
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Marcus Schaub
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lehmann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Galina Timofeeva
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Saurer
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstr. 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
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Li RS, Yang QP, Zhang WD, Zheng WH, Chi YG, Xu M, Fang YT, Gessler A, Li MH, Wang SL. Thinning effect on photosynthesis depends on needle ages in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:900-906. [PMID: 27986315 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Canopies in evergreen coniferous plantations often consist of various-aged needles. However, the effect of needle age on the photosynthetic responses to thinning remains ambiguous. Photosynthetic responses of different-aged needles to thinning were investigated in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation. A dual isotope approach [simultaneous measurements of stable carbon (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) isotopes] was employed to distinguish between biochemical and stomatal limitations to photosynthesis. Our results showed that increases in net photosynthesis rates upon thinning only occurred in the current-year and one-year-old needles, and not in the two- to four-year-old needles. The increased δ13C and declined δ18O in current year needles of trees from thinned stands indicated that both the photosynthetic capacity and stomatal conductance resulted in increasing photosynthesis. In one-year-old needles of trees from thinned stands, an increased needle δ13C and a constant needle δ18O were observed, indicating the photosynthetic capacity rather than stomatal conductance contributed to the increasing photosynthesis. The higher water-soluble nitrogen content in current-year and one-year-old needles in thinned trees also supported that the photosynthetic capacity plays an important role in the enhancement of photosynthesis. In contrast, the δ13C, δ18O and water-soluble nitrogen in the two- to four-year-old needles were not significantly different between the control and thinned trees. Thus, the thinning effect on photosynthesis depends on needle age in a Chinese fir plantation. Our results highlight that the different responses of different-aged needles to thinning have to be taken into account for understanding and modelling ecosystem responses to management, especially under the expected environmental changes in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing-Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China
| | - Wen-Hui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong-Gang Chi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yun-Ting Fang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Mai-He Li
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Si-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Huitong National Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Huitong 418307, China.
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Yan CF, Gessler A, Rigling A, Dobbertin M, Han XG, Li MH. Effects of mistletoe removal on growth, N and C reserves, and carbon and oxygen isotope composition in Scots pine hosts. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:562-75. [PMID: 27083524 PMCID: PMC4886294 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Most mistletoes are xylem-tapping hemiparasites, which derive their resources from the host's xylem solution. Thus, they affect the host's water relations and resource balance. To understand the physiological mechanisms underlying the mistletoe-host relationship, we experimentally removed Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollmann from adult Pinus sylvestris L. host trees growing in a Swiss dry valley. We analyzed the effects of mistletoe removal over time on host tree growth and on concentrations of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) and nitrogen (N) in needles, fine roots and sapwood. In addition, we assessed the δ(13)C and δ(18)O in host tree rings. After mistletoe removal, δ(13)C did not change in newly produced tree rings compared with tree rings in control trees (still infected with mistletoe), but δ(18)O values increased. This pattern might be interpreted as a decrease in assimilation (A) and stomatal conductance (gs), but in our study, it most likely points to an inadequacy of the dual isotope approach. Instead, we interpret the unchanged δ(13)C in tree rings upon mistletoe removal as a balanced increase in A and gs that resulted in a constant intrinsic water use efficiency (defined as A/gs). Needle area-based concentrations of N, soluble sugars and NSC, as well as needle length, single needle area, tree ring width and shoot growth, were significantly higher in trees from which mistletoe was removed than in control trees. This finding suggests that mistletoe removal results in increased N availability and carbon gain, which in turn leads to increased growth rates of the hosts. Hence, in areas where mistletoe is common and the population is large, mistletoe management (e.g., removal) may be needed to improve the host vigor, growth rate and productivity, especially for relatively small trees and crop trees in xeric growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Feng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Arthur Gessler
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research ZALF, Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Rigling
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Dobbertin
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Xing-Guo Han
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
| | - Mai-He Li
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China
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Hoshika Y, Watanabe M, Kitao M, Häberle KH, Grams TEE, Koike T, Matyssek R. Ozone induces stomatal narrowing in European and Siebold's beeches: a comparison between two experiments of free-air ozone exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:527-33. [PMID: 25156633 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Stomata tend to narrow under ozone (O(3)) impact, leading to limitation of stomatal O(3) influx. Here, we review stomatal response under recently conducted free-air O(3) exposure experiments on two species of the same tree genus: Fagus sylvatica at Kranzberg Forest (Germany) and F. crenata at Sapporo Experimental Forest (Japan). Both beeches exhibited reduction in stomatal conductance (gs) by 10-20% under experimentally enhanced O(3) regimes throughout the summer relative to ambient-air controls. Stomatal narrowing occurred, in early summer, in the absence of reduced carboxylation capacity of Rubisco, although photosynthetic net CO(2) uptake rate temporarily reflected restriction to some minor extent. Observed stomatal narrowing was, however, diminished in autumn, suggesting gradual loss of stomatal regulation by O(3). Monotonic decline in gs with cumulative O(3) exposure or flux in current modeling concepts appear to be unrealistic in beech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Hoshika
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8689, Japan.
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Karl-Heinz Häberle
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thorsten E E Grams
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8689, Japan.
| | - Rainer Matyssek
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
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Gessler A, Ferrio JP, Hommel R, Treydte K, Werner RA, Monson RK. Stable isotopes in tree rings: towards a mechanistic understanding of isotope fractionation and mixing processes from the leaves to the wood. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:796-818. [PMID: 24907466 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic understanding of isotope fractionation processes is increasing but we still lack detailed knowledge of the processes that determine the isotopic composition of the tree-ring archive over the long term. Especially with regard to the path from leaf photosynthate production to wood formation, post-assimilation fractionations/processes might cause at least a partial decoupling between the leaf isotope signals that record processes such as stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis, and the wood or cellulose signals that are stored in the paleophysiological record. In this review, we start from the rather well understood processes at the leaf level such as photosynthetic carbon isotope fractionation, leaf water evaporative isotope enrichment and the issue of the isotopic composition of inorganic sources (CO2 and H2O), though we focus on the less explored 'downstream' processes related to metabolism and transport. We further summarize the roles of cellulose and lignin as important chemical constituents of wood, and the processes that determine the transfer of photosynthate (sucrose) and associated isotopic signals to wood production. We cover the broad topics of post-carboxylation carbon isotope fractionation and of the exchange of organic oxygen with water within the tree. In two case studies, we assess the transfer of carbon and oxygen isotopic signals from leaves to tree rings. Finally we address the issue of different temporal scales and link isotope fractionation at the shorter time scale for processes in the leaf to the isotopic ratio as recorded across longer time scales of the tree-ring archive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Gessler
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Juan Pedro Ferrio
- Department of Crop and Forest Science-AGROTECNIO Center, University of Lleida, Avda Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Robert Hommel
- Institute for Landscape Biogeochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalderstr. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Treydte
- Research Unit Landscape Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Russell K Monson
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment and Laboratory for Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Relative humidity reconstruction for northwestern China’s Altay Mountains using tree-ring δ18O. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-013-0055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Löw M, Deckmyn G, Op de Beeck M, Blumenröther MC, Oßwald W, Alexou M, Jehnes S, Haberer K, Rennenberg H, Herbinger K, Häberle KH, Bahnweg G, Hanke D, Wieser G, Ceulemans R, Matyssek R, Tausz M. Multivariate analysis of physiological parameters reveals a consistent O3 response pattern in leaves of adult European beech (Fagus sylvatica). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2012; 196:162-172. [PMID: 22775349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
• Increasing atmospheric concentrations of phytotoxic ozone (O(3) ) can constrain growth and carbon sink strength of forest trees, potentially exacerbating global radiative forcing. Despite progress in the conceptual understanding of the impact of O(3) on plants, it is still difficult to detect response patterns at the leaf level. • Here, we employed principal component analysis (PCA) to analyse a database containing physiological leaf-level parameters of 60-yr-old Fagus sylvatica (European beech) trees. Data were collected over two climatically contrasting years under ambient and twice-ambient O(3) regimes in a free-air forest environment. • The first principal component (PC1) of the PCA was consistently responsive to O(3) and crown position within the trees over both years. Only a few of the original parameters showed an O(3) effect. PC1 was related to parameters indicative of oxidative stress signalling and changes in carbohydrate metabolism. PC1 correlated with cumulative O(3) uptake over preceding days. • PC1 represents an O(3) -responsive multivariate pattern detectable in the absence of consistently measurable O(3) effects on individual leaf-level parameters. An underlying effect of O(3) on physiological processes is indicated, providing experimental confirmation of theoretical O(3) response patterns suggested previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Löw
- Melbourne School of Land and Environment, Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Victoria 3363, Australia
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Gaby Deckmyn
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maarten Op de Beeck
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Manuela C Blumenröther
- Phytopathology of Woody Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Oßwald
- Phytopathology of Woody Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Alexou
- Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Jehnes
- Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristine Haberer
- Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Chair of Tree Physiology, Albert Ludwigs Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 053/054, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- King Saud University, PO Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karin Herbinger
- Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Häberle
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Günther Bahnweg
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, National Research Centre for Environment and Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Hanke
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Gerhard Wieser
- Institut für Naturgefahren und Waldgrenzregionen, Alpine Waldgrenzregionen, Hofburg 1 A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Reinhart Ceulemans
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Rainer Matyssek
- Ecophysiology of Plants, Technische Universität München, Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Tausz
- Melbourne School of Land and Environment, Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Water Street, Creswick, Victoria 3363, Australia
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Sohn JA, Kohler M, Gessler A, Bauhus J. Interactions of thinning and stem height on the drought response of radial stem growth and isotopic composition of Norway spruce (Picea abies). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:1199-1213. [PMID: 22961177 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Radial stem growth and the isotopic composition of growth rings are commonly used to quantify the effects of droughts on trees. However, often these parameters are quantified only at one stem height, e.g., 1.3 m, and it is not known how representative this is for the whole stem. This study investigated radial growth at four stem heights (1.3, 5.5, 9.8 and 14 m) of 21, and wood Δ(13)C and δ(18)O at two heights (1.3 and 14 m) of 10 (co-)dominant Norway spruce trees from heavily (HT) and moderately thinned (MT) stands to assess whether different thinning intensities influenced the drought response of stems at different tree heights. Annual basal area increments (BAIs) and stable isotopes in earlywood and latewood were compared between thinning treatments and among the different stem heights. For BAIs, linear correlations with climate were analysed as well. The response of radial growth and isotopic composition to drought was similar at different stem heights in HT trees, but varied with height in MT trees, which were also more sensitive to climatic variations. Recovery of radial growth after drought was more rapid in trees from HT compared with MT stands, except for the topmost height. Basal area increments at breast height (1.3 m) provided good estimates of the volume growth response to drought for the whole stem, but not for its recovery. The faster recovery of radial growth at 1.3 m height of HT compared with MT trees after the 2003 drought was not accompanied by differences in recovery of isotopic composition. However, this is likely to be related to differences between treatments in remobilization of stored C and in tree structure (leaf area, root systems).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A Sohn
- Institute of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstraße 4, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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13
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Bögelein R, Hassdenteufel M, Thomas FM, Werner W. Comparison of leaf gas exchange and stable isotope signature of water-soluble compounds along canopy gradients of co-occurring Douglas-fir and European beech. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1245-1257. [PMID: 22292498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Combined δ(13) C and δ(18) O analyses of water-soluble leaf and twig phloem material were used to determine intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and variability of stomatal conductance at different crown positions in adult European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees. Simultaneous gas exchange measurements allowed evaluation of the differences in calculating iWUE from leaf or phloem water-soluble compounds, and comparison with a semi-quantitative dual isotope model to infer variability of net photosynthesis (A(n) ) between the investigated crown positions. Estimates of iWUE from δ(13) C of leaf water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) outperformed the estimates from phloem compounds. In the beech crown, δ(13) C of leaf WSOM coincided clearly with gas exchange measurements. The relationship was not as reliable in the Douglas-fir. The differences in δ(18) O between leaf and phloem material were found to correlate with stomatal conductance. The semi-quantitative model approach was applicable for comparisons of daily average A(n) between different crown positions and trees. Intracanopy gradients were more pronounced in the beech than in the Douglas-fir, which reached higher values of iWUE at the respective positions, particularly under dry air conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Bögelein
- Department of Geobotany, University of Trier, Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
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Zhang L, Kujawinski DM, Federherr E, Schmidt TC, Jochmann MA. Caffeine in your drink: natural or synthetic? Anal Chem 2012; 84:2805-10. [PMID: 22339647 DOI: 10.1021/ac203197d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to possible adulteration and health concerns, it is important to discriminate between natural and synthetic food ingredients. A new method for compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) by coupling high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (HT-RPLC/IRMS) was developed for discrimination of natural and synthetic caffeine contained in all types of drinks. The analytical parameters such as stationary phase, column inner diameter, and column temperature were optimized for the separation of caffeine directly from drinks (without extraction). On the basis of the carbon isotope analysis of 42 natural caffeine samples including coffee beans, tea leaves, guaraná powder, and maté leaves, and 20 synthetic caffeine samples from different sources by high-temperature reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry, it is concluded that there are two distinguishable groups of caffeine δ(13)C-values: one between -25 and -32‰ for natural caffeine, and the other between -33 and -38‰ for synthetic caffeine. Isotope analysis by HT-RPLC/IRMS has been applied to identify the caffeine source in 38 drinks. Four mislabeled products were detected due to added but nonlabeled synthetic caffeine with δ(13)C-values lower than -33‰. This work is the first application of HT-RPLC/IRMS to real-world food samples, which showed several advantages: simple sample preparation (only dilution), high throughput, long-term column stability, and high precision of δ(13)C-value. Thus, HT-RPLC/IRMS can be a very promising tool in stable isotope analysis of nonvolatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Offermann C, Ferrio JP, Holst J, Grote R, Siegwolf R, Kayler Z, Gessler A. The long way down--are carbon and oxygen isotope signals in the tree ring uncoupled from canopy physiological processes? TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 31:1088-102. [PMID: 21957095 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The carbon (δ(13)C) and oxygen (δ(18)O) stable isotope composition is widely used to obtain information on the linkages between environmental drivers and tree physiology over various time scales. The tree-ring archive can especially be exploited to reconstruct inter- and intra-annual variation of both climate and physiology. There is, however, a lack of information on the processes potentially affecting δ(13)C and δ(18)O on their way from assimilation in the leaf to the tree ring. As a consequence, the aim of this study was to trace the isotope signals in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) from leaf water (δ(18)O) and leaf assimilates (δ(13)C and δ(18)O) to tree-ring wood via phloem-transported compounds over a whole growing season. Phloem and leaf samples for δ(13)C and δ(18)O analyses as well as soil water, xylem water, leaf water and atmospheric water vapour samples for δ(18)O analysis were taken approximately every 2 weeks during the growing season of 2007. The δ(13)C and δ(18)O samples from the tree rings were dated intra-annually by monitoring the tree growth with dendrometers. δ(18)O in the phloem organic matter and tree-ring whole wood was not positively related to leaf water evaporative enrichment and δ(18)O of canopy organic matter pools. This finding implies a partial uncoupling of the tree-ring oxygen isotopic signal from canopy physiology. At the same time, internal carbon storage and remobilization physiology most likely prevented δ(13)C in tree-ring whole wood from being closely related to intra-annual variation in environmental drivers. Taking into account the post-photosynthetic isotope fractionation processes resulting in alterations of δ(13)C and δ(18)O not only in the tree ring but also in phloem carbohydrates, as well as the intra-annual timing of changes in the tree internal physiology, might help to better understand the meaning of the tree-ring isotope signal not only intra- but also inter-annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Offermann
- Centre for Systems Biology (ZBSA), University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstr. 49, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
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