1
|
Mulisa D, Tolossa T, Bayisa L, Abera T, Wakuma B. First-line virologic-based ART treatment failure and associated factors among adult HIV Positives in Southwest Shoa, Central Ethiopia. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care 2022; 21:23259582221111080. [PMID: 35844136 PMCID: PMC9297459 DOI: 10.1177/23259582221111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The function of antiretroviral therapy is to enhance immunity and prevent the occurrence of opportunistic infection. But antiretroviral therapy showed a failure to manage infection after a time. Nowadays, an accepted criterion to confirm Antiretroviral therapy (ART) treatment failure is a virologic failure. Regarding this virologic failure, there are no well-addressed findings, especially in this study area. Therefore in this research, the magnitude and factors that contribute for virological ART treatment failure have been identified. Methods: Facilitybased cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients taking ART. Data entry was conducted using Epi Data Version3 and exported to Stata SE version 14 for analysis. Bivariable logistic regression was used to find covariates significantly associated with firs line ART treatment failure. In this case, variables with P-value ≤ .25 were a candidate for multiple logistic regressions. A backward logistic regression model was used. Finally, variables with P-value ≤ .05 were considered as factors significantly associated with first-line ART treatment failure and the result was presented with a description, graph, and tables. Results: In this study, three hundred and fifty peoples were a candidate for the study and all have been involved. The magnitude of first-line ART treatment failure based on virologic criteria was 20.85%. Greater than three-fourth (84.29%) of study participants have support from somebody. Those patients who have initiated first-line ART with NVP based regimen have 1.83 times more likely to face first-line ART treatment failure as compared with those who have started with Efeverence (EFV) based regimen [AOR = 1.83, 95% CI (1.035, 3.245)]. Patients who have initiated first-line ART at the health center were 3.093 times more likely to face first-line ART treatment failure as compared those who have initiated ART at hospitals [AOR = 3.093, 95% CI (1.101, 8.685)]. Patients who have not developed a common opportunistic infection after ART initiation was 47.3% less likely to encounter first-line ART treatment failure as compared with those who have opportunistic infection [AOR = 0.527, 95% CI (0.289, 0.961)]. Conclusion: Based on virologic criteria, NVP based ART initiation, having history recorded opportunistic infection after ART initiation, being male, Institution where initiate ART, are significantly associated with the occurrences of first-line ART treatment failure. The action has to be directed on those identified factors to maintain the patient stay on First-line ART by concerned stakeholders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diriba Mulisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, 128159Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse Tolossa
- Department of Public Health, Institutes of Health Sciences, 128159Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Lami Bayisa
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, 128159Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Abera
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, 128159Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| | - Bizuneh Wakuma
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, 128159Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopi
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Basu A, Biswas A, Wig N, Sood R, Soneja M, Nischal N, Das BK. Prevalence and evaluation of risk factors of anti-retroviral therapy failure among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients in North India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 115:1019-1025. [PMID: 33539512 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) failure is not uniform in India. In this study we attempted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of treatment failure among patients who were on ART for >1 y. METHODS We conducted an ambispective study from 2017 to 2019 in the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Patients and their past medical records were examined to determine clinical, immunological and virological failure. RESULTS Among 301 enrolled patients, the majority was male (61.8%), with a mean age of 36.98±10.84 y. The prevalence of ART failure in our study was 10.63% (32/301). Clinical, immunological and virological failure rates were 1.66%, 10.63% and 5.65%, respectively. The maximum chance of failure was the tenofovir-lamivudine-nevirapine (33.3%) regimen followed by the stavudine-lamivudine-nevirapine (30.4%) regimen. Among the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, a stavudine-based regimen had a significantly greater chance of failure (25.8%) compared with tenofovir (9.6%) and zidovudine (7.9%) regimens (p<0.005). Low baseline CD4 count and development of tuberculosis after ART initiation were significantly (p<0.05) associated with treatment failure in univariate analysis. Patients with a low peak CD4 count (adjusted odds ratio [AOR 4.26 {95% confidence interval <CI> 1.83 to 9.88}]) and who developed symptoms after ART initiation (AOR 3.77 [95% CI 1.47 to 9.69]) had significantly higher odds of treatment failure in the multivariate analysis (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early identification of risk factors by regular follow-up and selection of the proper ART regimen can reduce the rate of treatment failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Basu
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029
| | - Ashutosh Biswas
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029
| | - Naveet Wig
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029
| | - Rita Sood
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029
| | - Manish Soneja
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029
| | - Neeraj Nischal
- Department of Internal Medicine, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029
| | - Bimal Kumar Das
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institutes of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 110029
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dalhatu I, Onotu D, Odafe S, Abiri O, Debem H, Agolory S, Shiraishi RW, Auld AF, Swaminathan M, Dokubo K, Ngige E, Asadu C, Abatta E, Ellerbrock TV. Outcomes of Nigeria's HIV/AIDS Treatment Program for Patients Initiated on Antiretroviral Treatment between 2004-2012. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165528. [PMID: 27829033 PMCID: PMC5102414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Nigerian Antiretroviral therapy (ART) program started in 2004 and now ranks among the largest in Africa. However, nationally representative data on outcomes have not been reported. Methods We evaluated retrospective cohort data from a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥15 years who initiated ART during 2004 to 2012. Data were abstracted from 3,496 patient records at 35 sites selected using probability-proportional-to-size (PPS) sampling. Analyses were weighted and controlled for the complex survey design. The main outcome measures were mortality, loss to follow-up (LTFU), and retention (the proportion alive and on ART). Potential predictors of attrition were assessed using competing risk regression models. Results At ART initiation, 66.4 percent (%) were females, median age was 33 years, median weight 56 kg, median CD4 count 161 cells/mm3, and 47.1% had stage III/IV disease. The percentage of patients retained at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months was 81.2%, 74.4%, 67.2%, and 61.7%, respectively. Over 10,088 person-years of ART, mortality, LTFU, and overall attrition (mortality, LTFU, and treatment stop) rates were 1.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7–1.8), 12.3 (95%CI: 8.9–17.0), and 13.9 (95% CI: 10.4–18.5) per 100 person-years (py) respectively. Highest attrition rates of 55.4/100py were witnessed in the first 3 months on ART. Predictors of LTFU included: lower-than-secondary level education (reference: Tertiary), care in North-East and South-South regions (reference: North-Central), presence of moderate/severe anemia, symptomatic functional status, and baseline weight <45kg. Predictor of mortality was WHO stage higher than stage I. Male sex, severe anemia, and care in a small clinic were associated with both mortality and LTFU. Conclusion Moderate/Advanced HIV disease was predictive of attrition; earlier ART initiation could improve program outcomes. Retention interventions targeting men and those with lower levels of education are needed. Further research to understand geographic and clinic size variations with outcome is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Dalhatu
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Dennis Onotu
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Odafe
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
- * E-mail:
| | - Oseni Abiri
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Henry Debem
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Simon Agolory
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ray W. Shiraishi
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Andrew F. Auld
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mahesh Swaminathan
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kainne Dokubo
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Evelyn Ngige
- National AIDS & STIs Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Chukwuemeka Asadu
- National AIDS & STIs Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Abatta
- National AIDS & STIs Control Program, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Tedd V. Ellerbrock
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|