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Miljaković D, Marinković J, Tamindžić G, Milošević D, Ignjatov M, Karačić V, Jakšić S. Bio-Priming with Bacillus Isolates Suppresses Seed Infection and Improves the Germination of Garden Peas in the Presence of Fusarium Strains. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:358. [PMID: 38786713 PMCID: PMC11122518 DOI: 10.3390/jof10050358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Seed infection caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the major threats to the seed quality and yield of agricultural crops, including garden peas. The use of Bacillus spp. with multiple antagonistic and plant growth-promoting (PGP) abilities represents a potential disease control strategy. This study was performed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of new Bacillus spp. rhizosphere isolates against two Fusarium strains affecting garden peas. Six Bacillus isolates identified by 16S rDNA sequencing as B. velezensis (B42), B. subtilis (B43), B. mojavensis (B44, B46), B. amyloliquefaciens (B50), and B. halotolerans (B66) showed the highest in vitro inhibition of F. proliferatum PS1 and F. equiseti PS18 growth (over 40%). The selected Bacillus isolates possessed biosynthetic genes for endoglucanase (B42, B43, B50), surfactin (B43, B44, B46), fengycin (B44, B46), bacillomycin D (B42, B50), and iturin (B42), and were able to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, and cellulase. Two isolates, B. subtilis B43 and B. amyloliquefaciens B50, had the highest effect on final germination, shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and seedling vigor index of garden peas as compared to the control. Their individual or combined application reduced seed infection and increased seed germination in the presence of F. proliferatum PS1 and F. equiseti PS18, both after seed inoculation and seed bio-priming. The most promising results were obtained in the cases of the bacterial consortium, seed bio-priming, and the more pathogenic strain PS18. The novel Bacillus isolates may be potential biocontrol agents intended for the management of Fusarium seed-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Miljaković
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.); (G.T.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (S.J.)
| | - Jelena Marinković
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.); (G.T.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (S.J.)
| | - Gordana Tamindžić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.); (G.T.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (S.J.)
| | - Dragana Milošević
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.); (G.T.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (S.J.)
| | - Maja Ignjatov
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.); (G.T.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (S.J.)
| | - Vasiljka Karačić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Snežana Jakšić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (J.M.); (G.T.); (D.M.); (M.I.); (S.J.)
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Yu YY, Zhang YY, Wang T, Huang TX, Tang SY, Jin Y, Mi DD, Zheng Y, Niu DD, Guo JH, Jiang CH. Kurstakin Triggers Multicellular Behaviors in Bacillus cereus AR156 and Enhances Disease Control Efficacy Against Rice Sheath Blight. PLANT DISEASE 2023:PDIS01220078RE. [PMID: 36205689 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-22-0078-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Kurstakin is the latest discovered family of lipopeptides secreted by Bacillus spp. In this study, the effects of kurstakin on the direct antagonism, multicellularity, and disease control ability of Bacillus cereus AR156 were explored. An insertion mutation in the nonribosomal peptide synthase responsible for kurstakin synthesis led to a significant reduction of antagonistic ability of AR156 against the plant-pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Ascochyta citrullina, Fusarium graminearum, and F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. The loss of kurstakin synthesis ability significantly impaired the swarming motility of AR156 and reduced biofilm formation and amyloid protein accumulation. Although the loss of kurstakin synthesis ability did not reduce the competitiveness of AR156 under laboratory conditions, the colonization and environmental adaptability of the mutant was significantly weaker than that of wild-type AR156 on rice leaves. The cell surface of wild-type AR156 colonizing the leaf surface was covered by a thick biofilm matrix under a scanning electron microscope, but not the mutant. The colonization ability on rice roots and control efficacy against rice sheath blight disease of the mutant were also impaired. Thus, kurstakin participates in the control of plant diseases by B. cereus AR156 through directly inhibiting the growth of pathogenic fungi and improving long-term environmental adaptability and colonization of AR156 on the host surface by triggering multicellularity. This study explored the multiple functions of kurstakin in plant disease control by B. cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tao-Xiang Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shu-Ya Tang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan-Dan Mi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong-Dong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian-Hua Guo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chun-Hao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture; and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210095, China
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Antifungal Activity and Plant Growth-Promoting Properties of Bacillus mojovensis B1302 against Rhizoctonia Cerealis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081682. [PMID: 36014099 PMCID: PMC9413849 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia cerealis is a worldwide soil-borne pathogenic fungus that significantly infects wheat and causes sharp eyespot in China. However, the biocontrol strains used for the control of Rhizoctonia cerealis are insufficient. In the present study, antagonistic strain B1302 from the rhizosphere of wheat were isolated and identified as Bacillus mojovensis based on their morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, and their 16S rDNA sequence. Culture filtrate of strain B1302 had a broad antifungal spectrum. In order to improve the antifungal activity of B1302, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the culture conditions. The final medium composition and culture conditions were 13.2 g/L of wheat bran, 14.1 g/L of soybean meal, 224 r/min of rotation speed, 7.50 of initial pH, and 1.5 × 108 CFU/mL of inoculation amount at 35 °C for a culture duration of 72 h. B. mojavensis B1302 inhibited the hyphae growth of R.cerealis and produced hydrolytic enzymes (protease, chitinase, and glucanase), IAA, and had N-fixing potentiality and P-solubilisation capacity. It can also promote wheat seedling growth in potted plants. The disease incidence and index of wheat seedlings were consistent with the effect of commercial pesticides under treatment with culture filtrate. The biocontrol efficacy of culture filtrate was significant—up to 65.25%. An animal toxicological safety analysis suggested that culture filtrate was safe for use and could be developed into an effective microbial fungicide to control wheat sharp eyespot.
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Satterlee TR, Williams FN, Nadal M, Glenn AE, Lofton LW, Duke MV, Scheffler BE, Gold SE. Transcriptomic Response of Fusarium verticillioides to Variably Inhibitory Environmental Isolates of Streptomyces. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2022; 3:894590. [PMID: 37746240 PMCID: PMC10512263 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2022.894590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is a mycotoxigenic fungus that is a threat to food and feed safety due to its common infection of maize, a global staple crop. A proposed strategy to combat this threat is the use of biological control bacteria that can inhibit the fungus and reduce mycotoxin contamination. In this study, the effect of multiple environmental isolates of Streptomyces on F. verticillioides was examined via transcriptome analysis. The Streptomyces strains ranged from inducing no visible response to dramatic growth inhibition. Transcriptionally, F. verticillioides responded proportionally to strain inhibition with either little to no transcript changes to thousands of genes being differentially expressed. Expression changes in multiple F. verticillioides putative secondary metabolite gene clusters was observed. Interestingly, genes involved in the fusaric acid gene cluster were suppressed by inhibitory strains of Streptomyces. A F. verticillioides beta-lactamase encoding gene (FVEG_13172) was found to be highly induced by specific inhibitory Streptomyces strains and its deletion increased visible response to those strains. This study demonstrates that F. verticillioides does not have an all or nothing response to bacteria it encounters but rather a measured response that is strain specific and proportional to the strength of inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R. Satterlee
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States (US) National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Felicia N. Williams
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States (US) National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Marina Nadal
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States (US) National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Anthony E. Glenn
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States (US) National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Lily W. Lofton
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States (US) National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Mary V. Duke
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, United States
| | - Brian E. Scheffler
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, United States
| | - Scott E. Gold
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, United States (US) National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA, United States
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Lipopeptide Biosurfactants from Bacillus spp.: Types, Production, Biological Activities, and Applications in Food. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3930112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants are a functionally and structurally heterogeneous group of biomolecules produced by multiple filamentous fungi, yeast, and bacteria, and characterized by their distinct surface and emulsifying ability. The genus Bacillus is well studied for biosurfactant production as it produces various types of lipopeptides, for example, lichenysins, bacillomycin, fengycins, and surfactins. Bacillus lipopeptides possess a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antimicrobial, antitumor, immunosuppressant, and antidiabetic, in addition to their use in skincare. Moreover, Bacillus lipopeptides are also involved in various food products to increase the antimicrobial, surfactant, and emulsification impact. From the previously published articles, it can be concluded that biosurfactants have strong potential to be used in food, healthcare, and agriculture. In this review article, we discuss the versatile functions of lipopeptide Bacillus species with particular emphasis on the biological activities and their applications in food.
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Abd Alamer IS, Tomah AA, Ahmed T, Li B, Zhang J. Biosynthesis of Silver Chloride Nanoparticles by Rhizospheric Bacteria and Their Antibacterial Activity against Phytopathogenic Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. Molecules 2021; 27:224. [PMID: 35011455 PMCID: PMC8746595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum is the most destructive pathogen, causing bacterial wilt disease of eggplant. The present study aimed to develop green synthesis and characterization of silver chloride nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) by using a native bacterial strain and subsequent evaluation of their antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum. Here, a total of 10 bacterial strains were selected for the biosynthesis of AgCl-NPs. Among them, the highest yield occurred in the synthesis of AgCl-NPs using a cell-free aqueous filtrate of strain IMA13. Ultrastructural observation revealed that the AgCl-NPs were spherical and oval with smooth surfaces and 5-35 nm sizes. XRD analysis studies revealed that these particles contained face-centered cubic crystallites of metallic Ag and AgCl. Moreover, FTIR analysis showed the presence of capping proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and lipopeptide compounds and crystalline structure of AgCl-NPs. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis using a combination of six gene sequences (16S, gyrA, rpoB, purH, polC, and groEL), we identified strain IMA13 as Bacillus mojavensis. Three kinds of lipopeptide compounds, namely, bacillomycin D, iturin, and fengycin, forming cell-free supernatant produced by strain IAM13, were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Biogenic AgCl-NPs showed substantial antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum at a concentration of 20 µg/mL-1. Motility assays showed that the AgCl-NPs significantly inhibited the swarming and swimming motility (61.4 and 55.8%) against R. solanacearum. Moreover, SEM and TEM analysis showed that direct interaction of AgCl-NPs with bacterial cells caused rupture of cell wall and cytoplasmic membranes, as well as leakage of nucleic acid materials, which ultimately resulted in the death of R. solanacearum. Overall, these findings will help in developing a promising nanopesticide against phytopathogen plant disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Sabah Abd Alamer
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (I.S.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (T.A.); (B.L.)
- Plant Protection, Agriculture Directorate, AL-Amarah 62001, Iraq
| | - Ali Athafah Tomah
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (I.S.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (T.A.); (B.L.)
- Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Misan, AL-Amarah 62001, Iraq
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (I.S.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (T.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (I.S.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (T.A.); (B.L.)
| | - Jingze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (I.S.A.A.); (A.A.T.); (T.A.); (B.L.)
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Kumar K, Verma A, Pal G, Anubha, White JF, Verma SK. Seed Endophytic Bacteria of Pearl Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum L.) Promote Seedling Development and Defend Against a Fungal Phytopathogen. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:774293. [PMID: 34956137 PMCID: PMC8696672 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.774293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed endophytic bacteria (SEB) are primary symbionts that play crucial roles in plant growth and development. The present study reports the isolation of seven culturable SEB including Kosakonia cowanii (KAS1), Bacillus subtilis (KAS2), Bacillus tequilensis (KAS3), Pantoea stewartii (KAS4), Paenibacillus dendritiformis (KAS5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KAS6), and Bacillus velezensis (KAS7) in pearl millet seeds. All the isolates were characterized for their plant growth promoting activities. Most of the SEB also inhibited the growth of tested fungal phytopathogens in dual plate culture. Removal of these SEB from seeds compromised the growth and development of seedlings, however, re-inoculation with the SEB (Kosakonia cowanii, Pantoea stewartii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) restored the growth and development of seedlings significantly. Fluorescence microscopy showed inter and intracellular colonization of SEB in root parenchyma and root hair cells. Lipopeptides were extracted from all three Bacillus spp. which showed strong antifungal activity against tested fungal pathogens. Antifungal lipopeptide genes were also screened in Bacillus spp. After lipopeptide treatment, live-dead staining with fluorescence microscopy along with bright-field and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed structural deformation and cell death in Fusarium mycelia and spores. Furthermore, the development of pores in the membrane and leakages of protoplasmic substances from cells and ultimately death of hyphae and spores were also confirmed. In microcosm assays, treatment of seeds with Bacillus subtilis or application of its lipopeptide alone significantly protected seedlings from Fusarium sp. infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anand Verma
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Gaurav Pal
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anubha
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - James F White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Satish K Verma
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Huang X, Ren J, Li P, Feng S, Dong P, Ren M. Potential of microbial endophytes to enhance the resistance to postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:1744-1757. [PMID: 32974893 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Food loss of fruit and vegetables caused by postharvest diseases is a major issue worldwide. The method used to prevent and control postharvest diseases is usually to use chemical fungicides, but long-term and large-scale use will make the pathogens resistant and potentially have a negative impact on human health and the ecological environment. Therefore, finding a safe and effective biological control method instead of chemical control is a hot research topic in recent years. Endophytes, colonizing plants asymptomatically, can promote the growth of the hosts and enhance their resistance. The use of endophytes as biological control agents for postharvest diseases of fruit and vegetables has attracted increasing attention in the last 20 years. Compared with chemical control, endophytes have the advantages of being more environmentally friendly, sustainable, and safer. However, there are relatively few relevant studies, so herein we summarize the available literature. This review focuses mainly on the recent progress of using endophytes to enhance the resistance of postharvest fruit and vegetables to diseases, with the emphasis on the possible mechanisms and the potential applications. Furthermore, this article suggests future areas for study using antagonistic endophytes to prevent and control fruit and vegetable postharvest diseases: (i) screening more potential broad-spectrum anti-pathogen endophytes and their metabolic active substances by the method of macrogenomics; (ii) elucidating the underlining molecular mechanism among endophytes, harvested vegetables and fruit, pathogens, and microbial communities; (iii) needing more application research to overcome the difficulties of commercialization practice. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peihua Li
- College of Agronomy, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Shun Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Maozhi Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Li FZ, Zeng YJ, Zong MH, Yang JG, Lou WY. Bioprospecting of a novel endophytic Bacillus velezensis FZ06 from leaves of Camellia assamica: Production of three groups of lipopeptides and the inhibition against food spoilage microorganisms. J Biotechnol 2020; 323:42-53. [PMID: 32739396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Food contamination caused by microorganisms has become a threat to consumers' health. Exploring antagonistic endophytes from plants of food raw-material and applying bioactive metabolites to inhibit the contamination has been an alternative and safer solution. In this study, we isolated and screened potential antagonistic endophytes from fresh Camellia assamica leaves, which were widely used in tea beverage production. We focused on a strain that showed visible inhibitory activity to Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. It was identified as a member of Bacillus velezensis and named FZ06. The results of genome analysis showed the strain FZ06 had 167 single-copy specific genes, much higher than those of most related strains. Also, 11 potential gene clusters of antimicrobial metabolites were found. Three groups of lipopeptides (surfactin, iturin, and fengycin) were identified by UPLC-MS/MS in purified antimicrobial methanol fraction of strain FZ06. The results of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test proved the lipopeptide extract showed significant inhibitory effect on food spoilage bacteria (MIC 512-2048 μg/mL) and toxigenic fungi (MIC 128-256 μg/mL). In conclusion, this study suggests that the endophytic B. velezensis FZ06 and its lipopeptide extract hold great potential applications in the inhibition of food spoilage bacteria and toxic fungi in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zhou Li
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Jie Zeng
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China; College of Life Science & Technology, Southwest Minzu University, No. 16 South 4th Section of First Ring Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Guo Yang
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lou
- Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, No. 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China; South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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Qu Q, Zhang Z, Peijnenburg WJGM, Liu W, Lu T, Hu B, Chen J, Chen J, Lin Z, Qian H. Rhizosphere Microbiome Assembly and Its Impact on Plant Growth. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5024-5038. [PMID: 32255613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms colonizing the plant rhizosphere provide a number of beneficial functions for their host. Although an increasing number of investigations clarified the great functional capabilities of rhizosphere microbial communities, the understanding of the precise mechanisms underlying the impact of rhizosphere microbiome assemblies is still limited. Also, not much is known about the various beneficial functions of the rhizosphere microbiome. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of biotic and abiotic factors that shape the rhizosphere microbiome as well as the rhizosphere microbiome traits that are beneficial to plants growth and disease-resistance. We give particular emphasis on the impact of plant root metabolites on rhizosphere microbiome assemblies and on how the microbiome contributes to plant growth, yield, and disease-resistance. Finally, we introduce a new perspective and a novel method showing how a synthetic microbial community construction provides an effective approach to unravel the plant-microbes and microbes-microbes interplays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P.R. China
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, P.O. Box 1, 3720BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wanyue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P.R. China
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jianmeng Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P.R. China
| | - Zhifen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, P.R. China
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11
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Guevara-Avendaño E, Bravo-Castillo KR, Monribot-Villanueva JL, Kiel-Martínez AL, Ramírez-Vázquez M, Guerrero-Analco JA, Reverchon F. Diffusible and volatile organic compounds produced by avocado rhizobacteria exhibit antifungal effects against Fusarium kuroshium. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:861-873. [PMID: 32166656 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00249-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobacteria emit bioactive metabolites with antifungal properties that could be used for biocontrol of fungal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the potential of diffusible and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by avocado rhizobacteria to inhibit the growth of Fusarium kuroshium, one of the causal agents of Fusarium dieback (FD) in avocado. Three bacterial isolates (INECOL-6004, INECOL-6005, and INECOL-6006), belonging to the Bacillus genus, were selected based on their capacity to inhibit several avocado fungal pathogens, and tested in antagonism assays against F. kuroshium. The three bacterial isolates significantly inhibited F. kuroshium mycelial growth by up to 48%. The composition of bacterial diffusible compounds was characterized by the analysis of EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The three bacterial isolates produced cyclo-lipopeptides belonging to the iturin, fengycin, and surfactin families. The antifungal activity of n-BuOH extracts was larger than that of EtOAc extracts, probably due to the greater relative abundance of fengycin in the former than in the latter. In addition, isolates INECOL-6004 and INECOL-6006 significantly inhibited F. kuroshium mycelial growth through VOC emission by up to 69.88%. The analysis of their VOC profiles by solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed the presence of ketones and pyrazine compounds, particularly of 2-nonanone, which was not detected in the VOC profile of isolate INECOL-6005. These results emphasize the need to further investigate the antifungal activity of each bioactive compound for the development of new formulations against fungal phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Guevara-Avendaño
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.,Instituto de Agroindustrias, Universidad Tecnológica de la Mixteca, 69000, Huajuapan de León, Oaxaca, México
| | - Karla R Bravo-Castillo
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.,Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, México
| | - Juan L Monribot-Villanueva
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Ana L Kiel-Martínez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Mónica Ramírez-Vázquez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - José A Guerrero-Analco
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351, Col. El Haya, 91070, Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
| | - Frédérique Reverchon
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Calle Prol. Lázaro Cárdenas 253, Col. Centro, 61600, Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México.
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12
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Lesson from Ecotoxicity: Revisiting the Microbial Lipopeptides for the Management of Emerging Diseases for Crop Protection. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041434. [PMID: 32102264 PMCID: PMC7068399 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microorganisms area treasure in terms of theproduction of various bioactive compounds which are being explored in different arenas of applied sciences. In agriculture, microbes and their bioactive compounds are being utilized in growth promotion and health promotion withnutrient fortification and its acquisition. Exhaustive explorations are unraveling the vast diversity of microbialcompounds with their potential usage in solving multiferous problems incrop production. Lipopeptides are one of such microbial compounds which havestrong antimicrobial properties against different plant pathogens. These compounds are reported to be produced by bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and few other microorganisms; however, genus Bacillus alone produces a majority of diverse lipopeptides. Lipopeptides are low molecular weight compounds which havemultiple industrial roles apart from being usedas biosurfactants and antimicrobials. In plant protection, lipopeptides have wide prospects owing totheirpore-forming ability in pathogens, siderophore activity, biofilm inhibition, and dislodging activity, preventing colonization bypathogens, antiviral activity, etc. Microbes with lipopeptides that haveall these actions are good biocontrol agents. Exploring these antimicrobial compounds could widen the vistasof biological pest control for existing and emerging plant pathogens. The broader diversity and strong antimicrobial behavior of lipopeptides could be a boon for dealing withcomplex pathosystems and controlling diseases of greater economic importance. Understanding which and how these compounds modulate the synthesis and production of defense-related biomolecules in the plants is a key question—the answer of whichneeds in-depth investigation. The present reviewprovides a comprehensive picture of important lipopeptides produced by plant microbiome, their isolation, characterization, mechanisms of disease control, behavior against phytopathogens to understand different aspects of antagonism, and potential prospects for future explorations as antimicrobial agents. Understanding and exploring the antimicrobial lipopeptides from bacteria and fungi could also open upan entire new arena of biopesticides for effective control of devastating plant diseases.
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Hanif A, Zhang F, Li P, Li C, Xu Y, Zubair M, Zhang M, Jia D, Zhao X, Liang J, Majid T, Yan J, Farzand A, Wu H, Gu Q, Gao X. Fengycin Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 Inhibits Fusarium graminearum Growth and Mycotoxins Biosynthesis. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11050295. [PMID: 31137632 PMCID: PMC6563212 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11050295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is a notorious pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereal crops. It produces secondary metabolites, such as deoxynivalenol, diminishing grain quality and leading to lesser crop yield. Many strategies have been developed to combat this pathogenic fungus; however, considering the lack of resistant cultivars and likelihood of environmental hazards upon using chemical pesticides, efforts have shifted toward the biocontrol of plant diseases, which is a sustainable and eco-friendly approach. Fengycin, derived from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42, was purified from the crude extract by HPLC and further analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS. Its application resulted in structural deformations in fungal hyphae, as observed via scanning electron microscopy. In planta experiment revealed the ability of fengycin to suppress F. graminearum growth and highlighted its capacity to combat disease incidence. Fengycin significantly suppressed F. graminearum, and also reduced the deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), and zearalenone (ZEN) production in infected grains. To conclude, we report that fengycin produced by B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 has potential as a biocontrol agent against F. graminearum and can also inhibit the mycotoxins produced by this fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina Hanif
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Pingping Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Chuchu Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Yujiao Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Mengxuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Dandan Jia
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xiaozhen Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jingang Liang
- Development Center of Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100176, China.
| | - Taha Majid
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jingyuau Yan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Ayaz Farzand
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China.
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14
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He Y, Pantigoso HA, Wu Z, Vivanco JM. Co-inoculation of Bacillus sp. and Pseudomonas putida at different development stages acts as a biostimulant to promote growth, yield and nutrient uptake of tomato. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 127:196-207. [PMID: 30955229 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study builds upon the premise that roots culture distinct bacteria at specific stages of plant growth to benefit of specific microbial services needed at that particular growth stage. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the co-inoculation of beneficial microbes with distinct properties at specific stages of plant development would enhance plant performance. METHODS AND RESULTS The chosen microbes were Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus mojavensis and Pseudomonas putida. These microbes were selected based on their specific services ranging from nutrient solubilization, root growth promotion and disease resistance, and were applied to the roots of tomato plants at specific time points when those services were needed the most by the plant. Laboratory and greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of co-inoculation at specific stages of development compared to single microbial applications. CONCLUSION In general, the combination of three microbes gave the highest biomass and yield without the presence of disease. Applications of three microbes showed the highest root/shoot ratio, and applications of four microbes the lowest ratio. Pseudomonas putida significantly increased fruit macronutrient and micronutrient contents. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our studies suggest that co-inoculation of three or four microbes is a good strategy for healthy crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China.,Center for Rhizosphere Biology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - H A Pantigoso
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Z Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Lab for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi, PR China
| | - J M Vivanco
- Center for Rhizosphere Biology and Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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15
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Luziatelli F, Ficca AG, Colla G, Baldassarre Švecová E, Ruzzi M. Foliar Application of Vegetal-Derived Bioactive Compounds Stimulates the Growth of Beneficial Bacteria and Enhances Microbiome Biodiversity in Lettuce. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:60. [PMID: 30804958 PMCID: PMC6370708 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Many studies on plant biostimulants and organic fertilizers have been focused on the ability of these products to increase crop productivity and ameliorate crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. However, little information is available on their effect on plant microbiota, whereas it is well known that microorganisms associated with plant play crucial roles on the health and productivity of their host. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a vegetal-derived protein hydrolysate (PH), a vegetal-derived PH enriched with copper (Cu-PH), and a tropical plant extract enriched with micronutrients (PE) on shoot growth and the epiphytic bacterial population of lettuce plants and the ability of these products to enhance the growth of beneficial or harmful bacteria. The three plant-derived products enhanced shoot biomass of lettuce plants indicating a biostimulant effect of the products. Data obtained using culture-independent (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Next Generation Sequencing) and culture-dependent approaches indicated that foliar application of commercial products altered the composition of the microbial population and stimulated the growth of specific bacteria belonging to Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Bacillus genus. Data presented in this work demonstrated that some of these strains exhibited potential plant growth-promoting properties and/or biocontrol activity against fungi and bacteria phytopathogens including Fusarium, Trichoderma, and Erwinia species. No indication of potential health risks associated to the enrichment of human or plant bacterial pathogens emerged by the analysis of the microbiota of treated and no-treated plants. Overall, the findings presented in this study indicate that the commercial organic-based products can enhance the growth of beneficial bacteria occurring in the plant microbiota and signals produced by these bacteria can act synergistically with the organic compounds to enhance plant growth and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Luziatelli
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Anna Grazia Ficca
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Ruzzi
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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16
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Bacon CW, Hinton DM, Mitchell TR. Screening of Bacillus mojavensis biofilms and biosurfactants using laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:867-875. [PMID: 29729222 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Biofilms are composed of micro-organisms within a matrix of chemically complex polymer compounds and from these structures many unknown competitive factors are suggested that many considered are important consequences for biological control. This research was undertaken to study further the endophyte, Bacillus mojavensis and its relationships to biofilm and two classes of lipopeptides considered relevant for biocontrol of plant pathogens. METHODS AND RESULTS Laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and conventional MS/MS were used to study in situ biofilm production and the production of lipopeptides fengycin and surfactin in different strains of B. mojavensis in plate and test tube culture on two media. All strains were capable of producing biofilm in vitro along with the accumulation of surfactin and fengycin although no concentration-dependent relationship between lipopeptide accumulation and biofilm was observed. CONCLUSION All strains studied produce biofilms in culture with the accumulated surfactin and fengycin, demonstrating that endophytic bacteria also produced biofilms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study demonstrates that this endophytic species produced biofilms along with two biocontrol compounds of which one, surfactin, considered by others as a quorum sensor, highlighting its ecological role as a signalling mechanism in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Bacon
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - D M Hinton
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
| | - T R Mitchell
- USDA, ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, Toxicology & Mycotoxin Research Unit, Russell Research Center, Athens, GA, USA
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17
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Chalivendra S, DeRobertis C, Reyes Pineda J, Ham JH, Damann K. Rice Phyllosphere Bacillus Species and Their Secreted Metabolites Suppress Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production In Vitro and In Maize Seeds. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040159. [PMID: 29659522 PMCID: PMC5923325 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of super-toxigenic strains by recombination is a risk from an intensive use of intraspecific aflatoxin (AF) biocontrol agents (BCAs). Periodical alternation with interspecific-BCAs will be safer since they preclude recombination. We are developing an AF-biocontrol system using rice-associated Bacilli reported previously (RABs). More than 50% of RABs inhibited the growth of multiple A. flavus strains, with RAB4R being the most inhibitory and RAB1 among the least. The fungistatic activity of RAB4R is associated with the lysis of A. flavus hyphal tips. In field trails with the top five fungistatic RABs, RAB4R consistently inhibited AF contamination of maize by Tox4, a highly toxigenic A. flavus strain from Louisiana corn fields. RAB1 did not suppress A. flavus growth, but strongly inhibited AF production. Total and HPLC-fractionated lipopeptides (LPs) isolated from culture filtrates of RAB1 and RAB4R also inhibited AF accumulation. LPs were stable in vitro with little loss of activity even after autoclaving, indicating their potential field efficacy as a tank-mix application. A. flavus colonization and AF were suppressed in RAB1- or RAB4R-coated maize seeds. Since RAB4R provided both fungistatic and strong anti-mycotoxigenic activities in the laboratory and field, it can be a potent alternative to atoxigenic A. flavus strains. On the other hand, RAB1 may serve as an environmentally safe helper BCA with atoxigenic A. flavus strains, due its lack of strong fungistatic and hemolytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbaiah Chalivendra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Catherine DeRobertis
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jorge Reyes Pineda
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Jong Hyun Ham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
| | - Kenneth Damann
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University AgCenter, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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18
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Rath M, Mitchell TR, Gold SE. Volatiles produced by Bacillus mojavensis RRC101 act as plant growth modulators and are strongly culture-dependent. Microbiol Res 2018; 208:76-84. [PMID: 29551214 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria have recently been investigated due to their role in plant growth promotion and defense. Whereas some bacterial VOCs like 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin) and 2,3-butanediol produced by strains of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens promote plant growth, others like hydrogen cyanide and 3-phenylpropionic acid are phytotoxic, inhibiting plant growth. Bacillus mojavensis, a close relative of B. subtilis, is an endophytic bacterium of maize that has been shown to have antagonistic activity against the mycotoxigenic phytopathogen Fusarium verticillioides and growth promotion activity on maize seedlings. To investigate the growth promotion activity of B. mojavensis, Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings were grown on 1/2x Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium in divided Petri dishes while bacteria were grown either on 1/2x MS or nutrient agar (NA) medium, so that only microbial volatiles reached the seedlings. Significant plant growth promotion in Arabidopsis seedlings was observed when 1/2x MS medium was used for bacterial growth. In contrast, phytotoxicity was observed with bacterial growth on NA medium. These results indicate that VOCs produced by B. mojavensis may act as plant growth modulators rather than just promoters. Using Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) coupled with GC-MS, the plant growth promoting compounds acetoin and 2,3-butanediol were both identified as being produced by B. mojavensis on growth promoting 1/2x MS medium. In contrast, while no phytotoxic VOC was conclusively identified from B. mojavensis on NA medium, detection of relatively high levels of acetone/2-propanone indicates its possible contribution to Arabidopsis phytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rath
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - T R Mitchell
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - S E Gold
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States.
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19
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Khan N, Maymon M, Hirsch AM. Combating Fusarium Infection Using Bacillus-Based Antimicrobials. Microorganisms 2017; 5:E75. [PMID: 29165349 PMCID: PMC5748584 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to control toxigenic Fusarium species, wilt and head-blight infections are destructive and economically damaging diseases that have global effects. The utilization of biological control agents in disease management programs has provided an effective, safe, and sustainable means to control Fusarium-induced plant diseases. Among the most widely used microbes for biocontrol agents are members of the genus Bacillus. These species influence plant and fungal pathogen interactions by a number of mechanisms such as competing for essential nutrients, antagonizing pathogens by producing fungitoxic metabolites, or inducing systemic resistance in plants. The multivariate interactions among plant-biocontrol agent-pathogen are the subject of this study, in which we survey the advances made regarding the research on the Bacillus-Fusarium interaction and focus on the principles and mechanisms of action among plant-growth promoting Bacillus species. In particular, we highlight their use in limiting and controlling Fusarium spread and infestations of economically important crops. This knowledge will be useful to define strategies for exploiting this group of beneficial bacteria for use as inoculants by themselves or in combination with other microbes for enhanced crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Khan
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Maskit Maymon
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ann M Hirsch
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
- The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Gu Q, Yang Y, Yuan Q, Shi G, Wu L, Lou Z, Huo R, Wu H, Borriss R, Gao X. Bacillomycin D Produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Is Involved in the Antagonistic Interaction with the Plant-Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium graminearum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:e01075-17. [PMID: 28733288 PMCID: PMC5601353 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01075-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Gibberella, Gibberella zeae) is a destructive fungal pathogen that threatens the production and quality of wheat and barley worldwide. Controlling this toxin-producing pathogen is a significant challenge. In the present study, the commercially available strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillales, Bacillus) FZB42 showed strong activity against F. graminearum The lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, was shown to contribute to the antifungal activity. Purified bacillomycin D showed strong activity against F. graminearum, and its 50% effective concentration was determined to be approximately 30 μg/ml. Analyses using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membranes and cell walls of F. graminearum hyphae and conidia. Fluorescence microscopy combined with different dyes showed that bacillomycin D induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and caused cell death in F. graminearum hyphae and conidia. F. graminearum secondary metabolism also responded to bacillomycin D challenge, by increasing the production of deoxynivalenol. Biological control experiments demonstrated that bacillomycin D exerted good control of F. graminearum on corn silks, wheat seedlings, and wheat heads. In response to bacillomycin D, F. graminearum genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were downregulated, whereas genes involved in the synthesis of deoxynivalenol were upregulated. Phosphorylation of MGV1 and HOG1, the mitogen-activated protein kinases of F. graminearum, was increased in response to bacillomycin D. Taken together, these findings reveal the mechanism of the antifungal action of bacillomycin D.IMPORTANCE Biological control of plant disease caused by Fusarium graminearum is desirable. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 is a representative of the biocontrol bacterial strains. In this work, the lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, showed strong fungicidal activity against F. graminearum Bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membrane and cell wall of F. graminearum, induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately caused cell death in F. graminearum Interestingly, when F. graminearum was challenged with bacillomycin D, the deoxynivalenol production, gene expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and pathogenicity of F. graminearum were significantly altered. These findings clarified the mechanisms of the activity of bacillomycin D against F. graminearum and highlighted the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 as a biocontrol agent against F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Yuan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Shi
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Lou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Huo
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijun Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rainer Borriss
- Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xuewen Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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