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Megariti M, Panagou A, Patsis G, Papadakis G, Pantazis AK, Paplomatas EJ, Tzima AK, Markakis EA, Gizeli E. Rapid real-time quantitative colorimetric LAMP methodology for field detection of Verticillium dahliae in crude olive-plant samples. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:139. [PMID: 39252004 PMCID: PMC11386372 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Verticilium dahliae is the most important wilt pathogen of olive trees with a broad host range causing devastating diseases currently without any effective chemical control. Traditional detection methodologies are based on symptoms-observation or lab-detection using time consuming culturing or molecular techniques. Therefore, there is an increasing need for portable tools that can detect rapidly V. dahliae in the field. RESULTS In this work, we report the development of a novel method for the rapid, reliable and on-site detection of V. dahliae using a newly designed isothermal LAMP assay and crude extracts of olive wood. For the detection of the fungus, LAMP primers were designed targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. The above assay was combined with a purpose-built prototype portable device which allowed real time quantitative colorimetric detection of V. dahliae in 35 min. The limit of detection of our assay was found to be 0.8 fg/μl reaction and the specificity 100% as indicated by zero cross-reactivity to common pathogens found in olive trees. Moreover, detection of V. dahliae in purified DNA gave a sensitivity of 100% (Ct < 30) and 80% (Ct > 30) while the detection of the fungus in unpurified crude wood extracts showed a sensitivity of 80% when multisampling was implemented. The superiority of the LAMP methodology regarding robustness and sensitivity was demonstrated when only LAMP was able to detect V. dahliae in crude samples from naturally infected trees with very low infection levels, while nested PCR and SYBR qPCR failed to detect the pathogen in an unpurified form. CONCLUSIONS This study describes the development of a new real time LAMP assay, targeting the ITS region of the rRNA gene of V. dahliae in olive trees combined with a 3D-printed portable device for field testing using a tablet. The assay is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity as well as ability to operate using directly crude samples such as woody tissue or petioles. The reported methodology is setting the basis for the development of an on-site detection methodology for V. dahliae in olive trees, but also for other plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Megariti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Str., 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandra Panagou
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Patsis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - George Papadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Str., 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Alexandros K Pantazis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Str., 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Epaminondas J Paplomatas
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55, Athens, Greece
| | - Aliki K Tzima
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55, Athens, Greece.
| | - Emmanouil A Markakis
- Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DIMITRA, 32A Kastorias Street, Mesa Katsabas, 71307, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Stavromenos, 71004, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Electra Gizeli
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Str., 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
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Sanna F, Mori N, Santoiemma G, Pozzebon A, Scaccini D, Marangoni F, Sella L. Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) as the major contributor to early olive drop in northern Italy. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 117:1336-1346. [PMID: 38870416 PMCID: PMC11318618 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, a new phenomenon of early olive drop is causing production losses in olive groves throughout northern Italy. To analyze the possible causes, field and laboratory trials were performed to assess the involvement of fungal pathogens and insect pests in this disease. External and internal symptoms of fungal infections or insect-feeding activities were researched. Fungi present in healthy and dislodged olives were investigated. The relationship between olives that fell and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) infestation was assessed in a controlled infestation trial, and the effectiveness of an insecticidal strategy in reducing early olive drop was tested in open field conditions. A comparable number of fungi, mostly endophytes, were isolated and identified from both healthy and dislodged olives. The damage observed on dislodged olives was primarily ascribed to pentatomids feeding activity. Six stink bugs species were found in olive canopies, that is, the invasive H. halys, which was by far the most abundant, and Acrosternum heegeri Fieber, Nezara viridula (Linnaeus), Palomena prasina (Linnaeus), Piezodorus lituratus (Fabricious), and Rhaphigaster nebulosa (Poda). Halyomorpha halys caused intense fruit drop in the controlled infestation trial, and its infestation level significantly correlated with the number of olives that fell. Native stink bugs, present in much lower population compared to H. halys, could also partially contribute to early drop of olives. Insect proof net significantly reduced the early olive drop disease, while insecticide applications only partially reduced the stink bugs population density and, proportionally, early olive drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sanna
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giacomo Santoiemma
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Scaccini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luca Sella
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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Xu X, Guo L, Yang C, Teng H, Shen G, Wang S, Zhao J, Yang X, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. Diversity and Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Fruit Rot of Winter Jujube in Shandong Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:794-801. [PMID: 35947009 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1254-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Winter jujube originated from China and had an extremely high nutritional value. In 2021, symptomatic winter jujube fruits were collected from eight locations in Zhanhua District of Binzhou City, Shandong Province. In total, 108 fungal isolates were obtained and grouped into 11 species based on morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis, including Nothophoma quercina (43.52%), Fusarium lateritium (20.37%), Alternaria alternata (12.03%), F. proliferatum (7.41%), F. graminearum (4.63%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (3.70%), Fusarium sp. (2.78%), A. tenuissima (2.78%), Diaporthe eres (1.85%), Nigrospora oryzae (0.93%), and Cercospora nicotianae (0.93%). All fungal isolates obtained in this study showed aggressiveness on detached winter jujube fruits except N. oryzae and C. nicotianae isolates, of which F. proliferatum was the most virulent, while A. alternata isolates, which have been considered the major pathogen of winter jujube fruit rot, showed a relatively low-level virulence in this study. Furthermore, D. eres, F. graminearum, F. lateritium, and an unclassified Fusarium species were first reported as causal agents of winter jujube fruit rot. The typical symptoms of winter jujube fruit rot observed in this study could be distinguished into two types. N. quercina, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, Fusarium sp., D. nobilis, and F. lateritium isolates caused reddish brown to dark gray lesions on the peel, while B. dothidea, F. graminearum, and F. proliferatum isolates caused peel and pulp decay, resulting in red to reddish brown and water-soaked lesions. In addition, haplotype analysis of N. quercina isolates obtained in this study and validly published articles showed that there were 11 haplotypes worldwide; the isolates obtained in the current study were grouped into three haplotypes (Hap 1, Hap 2, and Hap 11), and two of them (Hap 2 and Hap 11) were confirmed as new haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Lifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Saline-Alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P.R. China
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Haolin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Guijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Junlei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xilang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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Marx ÍMG, Baptista P, Casal S, Rodrigues N, Cruz R, Veloso ACA, Pereira JA, Peres AM. Inoculation of cv. Arbequina olives with fungi isolated from leaves and its effect on the extracted oils’ stability and health-related composition. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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