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Na Q, Zhang S, Shao P, Jia Y, Wang Y, Wei M, Chen Y, Chen C, Zhao L, Wang Z, Song Y, Wu B, Bao S, Li X. In vitro generation of trophoblast like stem cells from goat pluripotent stem cells. Theriogenology 2024; 226:120-129. [PMID: 38878464 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Since the first mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was derived, the in vitro culture of domestic iPSCs functionally and molecularly comparable with mouse iPSCs has been a challenge. Here, we established dairy goat iPSCs (giPSCs) from goat ear fibroblast cells with mouse iPSCs morphology, the expression of pluripotent markers and differentiation ability in vitro delivered by piggyBac transposon with nine Dox-inducible exogenous reprogramming factors. These reprogramming factors were bOMSK (bovine OCT4, CMYC, SOX2, and KLF4), pNhL (porcine NANOG and human LIN28), hRL (human RARG and LRH1), and SV40 Large T. Notably, AF-giPSCs (induced in activin A and bFGF condition) were capable of differentiation in embryoid bodies in vitro and could contribute to interspecies chimerism in mouse E6.5 embryos in vitro, demonstrating that AF-giPSCs have the developmental capability to generate some embryonic cell lineages. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin signaling has an important role in driving goat induced trophoblast-like stem cells (giTLSCs) from Dox-independent giPSCs. This study will support further establishment of the stable giPSC lines without any integration of exogenous genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Na
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Peng Shao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Yu Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanqiu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Mengyi Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanglin Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Chen Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, 011517, Hohhot, China
| | - Yongli Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Baojiang Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China
| | - Siqin Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China.
| | - Xihe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Research Center for Animal Genetic Resources of Mongolia Plateau, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, 010020, Hohhot, China; Inner Mongolia Saikexing Institute of Breeding and Reproductive Biotechnology in Domestic Animal, 011517, Hohhot, China.
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Sah N, Soncin F. Conserved and divergent features of trophoblast stem cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2024; 72:e230131. [PMID: 38276878 PMCID: PMC11008758 DOI: 10.1530/jme-23-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are a proliferative multipotent population derived from the trophectoderm of the blastocyst, which will give rise to all the functional cell types of the trophoblast compartment of the placenta. The isolation and culture of TSCs in vitro represent a robust model to study mechanisms of trophoblast differentiation into mature cells both in successful and diseased pregnancy. Despite the highly conserved functions of the placenta, there is extreme variability in placental morphology, fetal-maternal interface, and development among eutherian mammals. This review aims to summarize the establishment and maintenance of TSCs in mammals such as primates, including human, rodents, and nontraditional animal models with a primary emphasis on epigenetic regulation of their origin while defining gaps in the current literature and areas of further development. FGF signaling is critical for mouse TSCs but dispensable for derivation of TSCs in other species. Human, simian, and bovine TSCs have much more complicated requirements of signaling pathways including activation of WNT and inhibition of TGFβ cascades. Epigenetic features such as DNA and histone methylation as well as histone acetylation are dynamic during development and are expressed in cell- and gestational age-specific pattern in placental trophoblasts. While TSCs from different species seem to recapitulate some select epigenomic features, there is a limitation in the comprehensive understanding of TSCs and how well TSCs retain placental epigenetic marks. Therefore, future studies should be directed at investigating epigenomic features of global and placental-specific gene expression in primary trophoblasts and TSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirvay Sah
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Soncin
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Tan X, Zhang J, Heng Y, Chen L, Wang Y, Wu S, Liu X, Xu B, Yu Z, Gu R. Locally delivered hydrogels with controlled release of nanoscale exosomes promote cardiac repair after myocardial infarction. J Control Release 2024; 368:303-317. [PMID: 38417558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Compared with stem cells, exosomes as a kind of nanoscale carriers intrinsically loaded with diverse bioactive molecules, which had the advantages of high safety, small size, and ethical considerations in the treatment of myocardial infarction, but there are still problems such as impaired stability and rapid dissipation. Here, we introduce a bioengineered injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel designed to optimize local delivery efficiency of trophoblast stem cells derived-exosomes. Its hyaluronan components adeptly emulates the composition and modulus of pericardial fluid, meanwhile preserving the bioactivity of nanoscale exosomes. Additionally, a meticulously designed hyperbranched polymeric cross-linker facilitates a gentle cross-linking process among hyaluronic acid molecules, with disulfide bonds in its molecular framework enhancing biodegradability and conferring a unique controlled release capability. This innovative hydrogel offers the added advantage of minimal invasiveness during administration into the pericardial space, greatly extending the retention of exosomes within the myocardial region. In vivo, this hydrogel has consistently demonstrated its efficacy in promoting cardiac recovery, inducing anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, angiogenic, and anti-remodeling effects, ultimately leading to a substantial improvement in cardiac function. Furthermore, the implementation of single-cell RNA sequencing has elucidated that the pivotal mechanism underlying enhanced cardiac function primarily results from the promoted clearance of apoptotic cells by myocardial fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 358 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, 211816 Nanjing, China
| | - Yongyuan Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, 211816 Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 358 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 358 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Shaojun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 358 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 358 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 358 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China.
| | - Ziyi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu South Road, 211816 Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, 358 Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China.
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Rupareliya M, Shende P. Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells in Natural Killer-Like B Cell-Associated Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38418797 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2024_799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells possessing a remarkable capacity to develop into multiple cell types. NKB cells, referred to "natural killer-like B cells," are recently identified subtype of B lymphocytes possessing characteristics that are similar to both natural killer (NK) cells and regular B lymphocytes. NK cells are lymphocyte-like in structure and cytotoxic in nature participating in the immediate immune response to the infected or malignant cells, whereas B lymphocytes produce antibodies and participate in adaptive immune response by binding to the specific antigen. The identification of NKB cells brings up new possibilities for studying and perhaps modulating immune responses in a variety of diseases, particularly those associated with microbial infections or inflammatory responses. Further, correlation of NKB cells with interleukins allows us to understand the molecular mechanism of diseases. Stem cell research offers a better understanding of NKB cell participation and provides new insights for novel treatment methods wherein mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have found to be the most promising stem cell showing positive outcomes in NKB cell-associated inflammatory diseases. Additionally, the perceptions acquired from researching NKB cells in diverse diseases leads to innovative treatment options, improving our capacity to control and cure immunological dysregulation-related ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Rupareliya
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India
| | - Pravin Shende
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Mumbai, India.
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Luo Y, An C, Zhong K, Zhou P, Li D, Liu H, Guo Q, Wei W, Pan H, Min Z, Li R, Yu Y, Fan Y. Exploring the impacts of senescence on implantation and early embryonic development using totipotent cell-derived blastoids. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00073-0. [PMID: 38402947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advanced maternal age is associated with reduced implantation and pregnancy rates, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and research models are limited. OBJECTIVES Here, we aim to elucidate the impacts of senescence on implantation ability by employing blastoids to construct a novel research model. METHODS We used a novel three-dimensional system with totipotent blastomere-like cells (TBLCs) to construct TBL-blastoids and established senescence-related embryo models derived from oxidative stress-induced TBLCs. RESULTS Morphological and transcriptomic analyses revealed that TBL-blastoids exhibited characteristic blastocyst morphology, cell lineages, and a higher consistency in developmental rate. TBL-blastoids demonstrated the ability to develop into postimplantation structures in vitro and successfully implanted into mouse uteri, inducing decidualization and forming embryonic tissues. Importantly, senescence impaired the implantation potential of TBL-blastoids, effectively mimicking the impaired implantation ability and reduced pregnancy rates associated with advanced age. Furthermore, analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in human homologous deciduae revealed enrichment in multiple fertility-related diseases and other complications of pregnancy. The genes implicated in these diseases and the common DEGs identified in the lineage-like cells of the two types of TBL-blastoids and deciduae may represent potential targets for addressing impaired implantation potential. CONCLUSION These results unveiled that TBL blastoids are an improved model for investigating implantation and early postimplantation, offering valuable insights into pregnancy-related disorders in women with advanced age and potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenrui An
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Ke Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Li
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zheying Min
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yong Fan
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, China.
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Luo N, Zhou Y, Chen X, Zhao Y, Hu Y. Screening the optimal housekeeping genes (HKGs) of placenta tissues by RNA-sequence and qRT-PCR throughout gestation in goat (Capra Hircus). Gene 2024; 895:147966. [PMID: 37972698 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Selection of stable housekeeping genes (HKGs) is very important for accurate calculation of relative expression levels of target genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). At present, the appropriate HKGs have not been identified in placental tissues throughout the pregnancy of the goat. In our study, 20 HKGs were tentatively selected from RNA-seq data and previous reports. The cycle threshold (Ct) of HKGs was determined by qRT-PCR in trophoblast membrane and cotyledon villus collected from 38 Dazu Black goats on gestation days of 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, and 150 (birth). The expression stability of the HKGs was analyzed by geNorm, Normfinder, Bestkeeper and Delta Ct algorithms, and comprehensively evaluated by ReFinder and ComprFinder. In addition, the optimal HKGs were further verified by placenta-specific genes (SPP1, VEGFA and PAG6). The 16 candidate HKGs (except POP4, TBP, RNF10, UBC) showed a qualified Ct value, less than 28. Among them, YWHAZ, EIF3K and PPIB showed the most stable expression in placental tissues during early, mid-late pregnancy and postpartum, but the least stable expression was B2M at early and mid-late stage, and PPIB at postpartum. After comprehensive analysis, RPLP0, EIF3K and YWHAZ were found to be the most stable placental HKGs throughout pregnancy. The classical HKGs, ACTB, GAPDH and 18S RNA have unstable expressions and even ranked at the bottom of the list from comprehensive index, suggesting an inappropriate for target gene normalization. Taken together, our study confirmed that YWHAZ, EIF3K, HMBS and RPLP0 may be the optimal HKGs in goat placenta at different stage of pregnancy, which provided a valuable reference of HKGs on functional gene expression detection for further research on placenta development and growth in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjian Luo
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yumei Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongju Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China.
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Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Sharma V, Nepovimova E, Adam V, Kuca K, Chopra C. Advances in Genetic Reprogramming: Prospects from Developmental Biology to Regenerative Medicine. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1646-1690. [PMID: 37138422 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230503144619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The foundations of cell reprogramming were laid by Yamanaka and co-workers, who showed that somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells (induced pluripotency). Since this discovery, the field of regenerative medicine has seen advancements. For example, because they can differentiate into multiple cell types, pluripotent stem cells are considered vital components in regenerative medicine aimed at the functional restoration of damaged tissue. Despite years of research, both replacement and restoration of failed organs/ tissues have remained elusive scientific feats. However, with the inception of cell engineering and nuclear reprogramming, useful solutions have been identified to counter the need for compatible and sustainable organs. By combining the science underlying genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming with regenerative medicine, scientists have engineered cells to make gene and stem cell therapies applicable and effective. These approaches have enabled the targeting of various pathways to reprogramme cells, i.e., make them behave in beneficial ways in a patient-specific manner. Technological advancements have clearly supported the concept and realization of regenerative medicine. Genetic engineering is used for tissue engineering and nuclear reprogramming and has led to advances in regenerative medicine. Targeted therapies and replacement of traumatized , damaged, or aged organs can be realized through genetic engineering. Furthermore, the success of these therapies has been validated through thousands of clinical trials. Scientists are currently evaluating induced tissue-specific stem cells (iTSCs), which may lead to tumour-free applications of pluripotency induction. In this review, we present state-of-the-art genetic engineering that has been used in regenerative medicine. We also focus on ways that genetic engineering and nuclear reprogramming have transformed regenerative medicine and have become unique therapeutic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- Head of Bioinformatic Division, NMC Genetics India Pvt. Ltd., Gurugram, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno, CZ 613 00, Czech Republic
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 123, Brno, CZ-612 00, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50003, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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Liu X, Wang G, Huang H, Lv X, Si Y, Bai L, Wang G, Li Q, Yang W. Exploring maternal-fetal interface with in vitro placental and trophoblastic models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1279227. [PMID: 38033854 PMCID: PMC10682727 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1279227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The placenta, being a temporary organ, plays a crucial role in facilitating the exchange of nutrients and gases between the mother and the fetus during pregnancy. Any abnormalities in the development of this vital organ not only lead to various pregnancy-related disorders that can result in fetal injury or death, but also have long-term effects on maternal health. In vitro models have been employed to study the physiological features and molecular regulatory mechanisms of placental development, aiming to gain a detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of pregnancy-related diseases. Among these models, trophoblast stem cell culture and organoids show great promise. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current mature trophoblast stem cell models and emerging organoid models, while also discussing other models in a systematic manner. We believe that this knowledge will be valuable in guiding further exploration of the complex maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Liu
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Haiqin Huang
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Lv
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanru Si
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lixia Bai
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Guohui Wang
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Li
- School of Public Health, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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Zhou J, Sheridan MA, Tian Y, Dahlgren KJ, Messler M, Peng T, Ezashi T, Schulz LC, Ulery BD, Roberts RM, Schust DJ. Development of properly-polarized trophoblast stem cell-derived organoids to model early human pregnancy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.30.560327. [PMID: 37873440 PMCID: PMC10592868 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.30.560327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The development of human trophoblast stem cells (hTSC) and stem cell-derived trophoblast organoids has enabled investigation of placental physiology and disease and early maternal-fetal interactions during a stage of human pregnancy that previously had been severely restricted. A key shortcoming in existing trophoblast organoid methodologies is the non-physiologic position of the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) within the inner portion of the organoid, which neither recapitulates placental villous morphology in vivo nor allows for facile modeling of STB exposure to the endometrium or the contents of the intervillous space. Here we have successfully established properly-polarized human trophoblast stem cell (hTSC)-sourced organoids with STB forming on the surface of the organoid. These organoids can also be induced to give rise to the extravillous trophoblast (EVT) lineage with HLA-G + migratory cells that invade into an extracellular matrix-based hydrogel. Compared to previous hTSC organoid methods, organoids created by this method more closely mimic the architecture of the developing human placenta and provide a novel platform to study normal and abnormal human placental development and to model exposures to pharmaceuticals, pathogens and environmental insults. Motivation Human placental organoids have been generated to mimic physiological cell-cell interactions. However, those published models derived from human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) or placental villi display a non-physiologic "inside-out" morphology. In vivo , the placental villi have an outer layer of syncytialized cells that are in direct contact with maternal blood, acting as a conduit for gas and nutrient exchange, and an inner layer of progenitor, single cytotrophoblast cells that fuse to create the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Existing "inside-out" models put the cytotrophoblast cells in contact with culture media and substrate, making physiologic interactions between syncytiotrophoblast and other cells/tissues and normal and pathogenic exposures coming from maternal blood difficult to model. The goal of this study was to develop an hTSC-derived 3-D human trophoblast organoid model that positions the syncytiotrophoblast layer on the outside of the multicellular organoid. Graphical abstract
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10
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Chen R, Niu M, Hu X, He Y. Targeting mitochondrial dynamics proteins for the treatment of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1241225. [PMID: 37602332 PMCID: PMC10437218 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1241225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an extensively used chemotherapeutic agent that can cause severe and frequent cardiotoxicity, which limits its clinical application. Although there have been extensive researches on the cardiotoxicity caused by DOX, there is still a lack of effective treatment. It is necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and search for new therapeutic targets which do not sacrifice their anticancer effects. Mitochondria are considered to be the main target of cardiotoxicity caused by DOX. The imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics characterized by increased mitochondrial fission and inhibited mitochondrial fusion is often reported in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which can result in excessive ROS production, energy metabolism disorders, cell apoptosis, and various other problems. Also, mitochondrial dynamics disorder is related to tumorigenesis. Surprisingly, recent studies show that targeting mitochondrial dynamics proteins such as DRP1 and MFN2 can not only defend against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity but also enhance or not impair the anticancer effect. Herein, we summarize mitochondrial dynamics disorder in DOX-induced cardiac injury. Furthermore, we provide an overview of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions targeting proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics to alleviate cardiac damage caused by DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengwen Niu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuquan He
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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11
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Giri J, Modi D. Endometrial and placental stem cells in successful and pathological pregnancies. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:1509-1522. [PMID: 37338750 PMCID: PMC10352206 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02856-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The endometrium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes extensive remodeling during the menstrual cycle and further gets modified during pregnancy. Different kinds of stem cells are reported in the endometrium. These include epithelial stem cells, endometrial mesenchymal stem cells, side population stem cells, and very small embryonic-like stem cells. Stem cells are also reported in the placenta which includes trophoblast stem cells, side population trophoblast stem cells, and placental mesenchymal stem cells. The endometrial and placental stem cells play a pivotal role in endometrial remodeling and placental vasculogenesis during pregnancy. The dysregulation of stem cell function is reported in various pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm birth. However, the mechanisms by which it does so are yet elusive. Herein, we review the current knowledge of the different type of stem cells involved in pregnancy initiation and also highlight how their improper functionality leads to pathological pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeeta Giri
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and child Health, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), JM Street, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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12
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Matsumoto S, Okamura E, Muto M, Ema M. Similarities and differences in placental development between humans and cynomolgus monkeys. Reprod Med Biol 2023; 22:e12522. [PMID: 37377753 PMCID: PMC10292683 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The placenta is an extraembryonic organ, which is essential to maintain a normal pregnancy. However, placental development in humans is poorly understood because of technical and ethical reasons. Methods We analyzed the anatomical localization of each trophoblastic subtype in the cynomolgus monkey placenta by immunohistochemistry in the early second trimester. Histological differences among the mouse, cynomolgus monkey, and human placenta were compared. The PubMed database was used to search for studies on placentation in rodents and primates. Main findings The anatomical structures and subtypes of the placenta in cynomolgus monkeys are highly similar to those in humans, with the exception of fewer interstitial extravillous trophoblasts in cynomolgus monkeys. Conclusion The cynomolgus monkey appears to be a good animal model to investigate human placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoma Matsumoto
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Eiichi Okamura
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Masanaga Muto
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
| | - Masatsugu Ema
- Department of Stem Cells and Human Disease Models, Research Center for Animal Life ScienceShiga University of Medical ScienceOtsuJapan
- Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI‐ASHBi)Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
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13
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Duan J, Liu X, Shen S, Tan X, Wang Y, Wang L, Kang L, Wang K, Wei Z, Qi Y, Hu L, Xu B, Gu R. Trophoblast Stem-Cell-Derived Exosomes Alleviate Cardiotoxicity of Doxorubicin via Improving Mfn2-Mediated Mitochondrial Fusion. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2023; 23:23-31. [PMID: 36609664 PMCID: PMC9859904 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-022-09774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Dox) is an anticancer drug widely used in tumor chemotherapy, but it has the side-effect of cardiotoxicity, which is closely related to mitochondrial damage. Mitochondrial dynamics is a quality control mechanism that usually helps to maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool. Trophoblast stem cell-derived exosomes (TSC-Exos) have been shown to protect cardiomyocytes from DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. To explore whether the cardioprotective role is mediated by the regulation of mitochondrial dynamic mechanism, TSC-Exos were isolated from human trophoblast stem cells by ultracentrifugation and characterized by Western blot and transmission electron microscopy. Cellular experiments of H9c2 cardiomyocytes co-cultured with Dox and TSC-Exos were performed in vitro to determine the levels of reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis level. An animal model of heart failure was established by intraperitoneal injection of Dox in vivo, therapy mice were received additional intracardiac injection of TSC-Exos, then, the cardiac function, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mitochondrial fragmentation were ameliorated. Histology assays suggest that Dox caused an increased tendency of mitochondrial fission, which was manifested by a decrease in the average size of mitochondria. By receiving TSC-Exos treatment, this effect was eliminated. In summary, these results suggest that TSC-Exos alleviate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through antiapoptotic effect and improving mitochondrial fusion with an increase in Mfn2 expression. This study is the first to provide a potential new treatment scheme for the treatment of heart failure from the perspective of the relationship between TSC-Exos and mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Song Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lina Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhonghai Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Biao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Rong Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Yu W, Chakravarthi VP, Borosha S, Dilower I, Lee EB, Ratri A, Starks RR, Fields PE, Wolfe MW, Faruque MO, Tuteja G, Rumi MAK. Transcriptional regulation of Satb1 in mouse trophoblast stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:918235. [PMID: 36589740 PMCID: PMC9795202 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.918235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SATB homeobox proteins are important regulators of developmental gene expression. Among the stem cell lineages that emerge during early embryonic development, trophoblast stem (TS) cells exhibit robust SATB expression. Both SATB1 and SATB2 act to maintain the trophoblast stem-state. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate TS-specific Satb expression are not yet known. We identified Satb1 variant 2 as the predominant transcript in trophoblasts. Histone marks, and RNA polymerase II occupancy in TS cells indicated an active state of the promoter. A novel cis-regulatory region with active histone marks was identified ∼21 kbp upstream of the variant 2 promoter. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated disruption of this sequence decreased Satb1 expression in TS cells and chromosome conformation capture analysis confirmed looping of this distant regulatory region into the proximal promoter. Scanning position weight matrices across the enhancer predicted two ELF5 binding sites in close proximity to SATB1 sites, which were confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Knockdown of ELF5 downregulated Satb1 expression in TS cells and overexpression of ELF5 increased the enhancer-reporter activity. Interestingly, ELF5 interacts with SATB1 in TS cells, and the enhancer activity was upregulated following SATB overexpression. Our findings indicate that trophoblast-specific Satb1 expression is regulated by long-range chromatin looping of an enhancer that interacts with ELF5 and SATB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - V. Praveen Chakravarthi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Shaon Borosha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Iman Dilower
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Eun Bee Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Anamika Ratri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Rebekah R. Starks
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Patrick E. Fields
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Michael W. Wolfe
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - M. Omar Faruque
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - M. A. Karim Rumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States,*Correspondence: M. A. Karim Rumi,
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Saeed MEM, Boulos JC, Machel K, Andabili N, Marouni T, Roth W, Efferth T. Expression of the Stem Cell Marker ABCB5 in Normal and Tumor Tissues. In Vivo 2022; 36:1651-1666. [PMID: 35738589 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 5 (ABCB5) transporter plays a pivotal role in melanocyte progenitor cell fusion and has been identified as a tumor-initiating cell marker. In this study, we determined ABCB5 expression in normal tissues among various species, i.e., Homo sapiens, Mus musculus (mouse), Rattus norvegicus (rat), Sus scrofa domesticus (pig), Gallus gallus (chicken), Anser anser (goose), Poecilia reticulata (Guppy fish), and Lumbricus terrestris (earthworm), as well as 426 biopsies of different human tumor types (colorectal, cervical, endometrium, vaginal, nasopharyngeal, kidney, breast, colon, prostate, pancreas, lung, gallbladder, bladder, brain, liver, skin, small intestine, testis, tonsil, uterus, thyroid, stomach, esophagus, fallopian, parotid, and ovary). MATERIALS AND METHODS Using immunohistochemical staining, ABCB5 expression was detected and evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections. RESULTS High ABCB5 expression was found in normal tissues in specialized cells with secretory and excretory functions, chorionic villi of the placenta, hepatocytes, and blood-tissue barrier sites in the brain and testis. Besides, heterogeneous expression of ABCB5 was also observed in many different tumor types derived from breast, endometrium, ovary, uterus, cervix, prostate, lung, brain, colon, liver, nasopharynx, and others. CONCLUSION The localization of ABCB5 in different normal tissues suggests that this protein has an excretory pumping role for physiological metabolites and xenobiotics. This physiological role highlighted its possible impact on the development of multidrug resistance in tumors. Further studies are required to establish the possible clinical significance of ABCB5 as a predictive marker for drug resistance and as a prognostic marker for patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E M Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Joelle C Boulos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kevin Machel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nasim Andabili
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thamail Marouni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany;
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Fendereski M, Neupane B, Nazneen F, Bai F, Guo YL. Mouse Trophoblast Cells Can Provide IFN-Based Antiviral Protection to Embryonic Stem Cells via Paracrine Signaling. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2761-2770. [PMID: 35649628 PMCID: PMC9308691 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The blastocyst is the preimplantation stage embryo that consists of two major components: the inner cell mass (ICM) and the trophectoderm (TE). The ICM gives rise to the fetus and some extraembryonic tissues whereas the TE contributes to development of the placenta. Previous studies have demonstrated that both human and mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the ICM are deficient in expressing type I IFNs in response to viral infection. In this study, we investigated the IFN response in mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and their in vitro differentiated trophoblasts (TSC-TBs). In this study, we report that, unlike ESCs, TSCs have a functional IFN system. They can express type I IFNs in response to viral stimuli and express IFN-stimulated genes in response to type I IFNs. TSC-TBs have a further developed IFN system and acquired the ability to express specialized type III IFN-λ. Furthermore, TSCs and TSC-TBs can provide ESCs with antiviral activity against Chikungunya, West Nile, and Zika virus infection, as demonstrated with a novel coculture model that simulates the temporal and spatial relationship between the ICM and the TE in a blastocyst. Taken together, our data demonstrate that mouse ESCs can respond to type I IFNs and gain IFN-based antiviral protection from TSCs and TSC-TBs via paracrine signaling mechanisms even though they themselves are unable to express type I IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Fendereski
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Biswas Neupane
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Farzana Nazneen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Fengwei Bai
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
| | - Yan-Lin Guo
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS
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An improved in vitro model simulating the feto-maternal interface to study developmental effects of potentially toxic compounds: The example of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 446:116056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bačenková D, Trebuňová M, Čížková D, Hudák R, Dosedla E, Findrik-Balogová A, Živčák J. In Vitro Model of Human Trophoblast in Early Placentation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040904. [PMID: 35453654 PMCID: PMC9029210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex process of placental implantation and development affects trophoblast progenitors and uterine cells through the regulation of transcription factors, cytokines, adhesion receptors and their ligands. Differentiation of trophoblast precursors in the trophectoderm of early ontogenesis, caused by the transcription factors, such as CDX2, TEAD4, Eomes and GATA3, leads to the formation of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast populations. The molecular mechanisms involved in placental formation inside the human body along with the specification and differentiation of trophoblast cell lines are, mostly due to the lack of suitable cell models, not sufficiently elucidated. This review is an evaluation of current technologies, which are used to study the behavior of human trophoblasts and other placental cells, as well as their ability to represent physiological conditions both in vivo and in vitro. An in vitro 3D model with a characteristic phenotype is of great benefit for the study of placental physiology. At the same time, it provides great support for future modeling of placental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Bačenková
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-1055-602-2380
| | - Marianna Trebuňová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Daša Čížková
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Radovan Hudák
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Erik Dosedla
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafarik Univerzity Hospital AGEL Košice-Šaca, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, 04015 Košice-Šaca, Slovakia;
| | - Alena Findrik-Balogová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Jozef Živčák
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
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Botello-Flores YA, Yocupicio-Monroy M, Balderrábano-Saucedo N, Contreras-Ramos A. A systematic review on the role of MSC-derived exosomal miRNAs in the treatment of heart failure. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8953-8973. [PMID: 35359236 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07385-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review summarizes results of studies that evaluated the expression of microRNAs (miRs) in pre-diabetes or type 2 diabetes. METHODS The information was obtained in PubMed, EMBL-EBI, Wanfang, Trip Database, Lilacs, CINAHL and Google. A qualitative synthesis of the results was performed and miRs frequency was graphically. From 1880 we identified studies, only 53 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The 53 studies analyzed miRs in T2D; and of them, thirteen also described data in pre-diabetes. RESULTS In diabetics, 122 miRs were reported and 35 miRs for pre-diabetics. However, we identified that 5 miRs (-122-5p, 144-3p, 210, 375, -126b) were reported more often in diabetics, and 4 (144-3p, -192, 29a and -30d) in pre-diabetics. CONCLUSIONS Circulating miRs could be used as biomarkers of type 2 diabetes. However, it is necessary to validate these microRNAs in prospective and multi-center studies, where different population subgroups, considering the age, gender, and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yesica Abril Botello-Flores
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, The Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, CP. 06720, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.,Postgraduate in Genomic Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Norma Balderrábano-Saucedo
- Research Laboratory in Cardiomyopathies and Arrhythmias, The Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Contreras-Ramos
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology Research and Experimental Teratogenicity, The Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez (HIMFG), Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, CP. 06720, Mexico City, CDMX, Mexico.
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Choi S, Khan T, Roberts RM, Schust DJ. Leveraging Optimized Transcriptomic and Personalized Stem Cell Technologies to Better Understand Syncytialization Defects in Preeclampsia. Front Genet 2022; 13:872818. [PMID: 35432469 PMCID: PMC9006100 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.872818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the process of human placentation is important to the development of strategies for treatment of pregnancy complications. Several animal and in vitro human model systems for the general study human placentation have been used. The field has expanded rapidly over the past decades to include stem cell-derived approaches that mimic preclinical placental development, and these stem cell-based models have allowed us to better address the physiology and pathophysiology of normal and compromised trophoblast (TB) sublineage development. The application of transcriptomic approaches to these models has uncovered limitations that arise when studying the distinctive characteristics of the large and fragile multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast (STB), which plays a key role in fetal-maternal communication during pregnancy. The extension of these technologies to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is just now being reported and will allow, for the first time, a reproducible and robust approach to the study of the developmental underpinnings of late-manifesting diseases such as preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth retardation in a manner that is patient- and disease-specific. Here, we will first focus on the application of various RNA-seq technologies to TB, prior limitations in fully accessing the STB transcriptome, and recent leveraging of single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) technology to improve our understanding of the STB transcriptome. Next, we will discuss new stem-cell derived models that allow for disease- and patient-specific study of pregnancy disorders, with a focus on the study of STB developmental abnormalities in PE that combine snRNA-seq approaches and these new in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehee Choi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Teka Khan
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - R. Michael Roberts
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Danny J. Schust
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Danny J. Schust,
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21
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Fang X, Tanga BM, Bang S, Seong G, Saadeldin IM, Qamar AY, Shim J, Choi K, Lee S, Cho J. Vitamin C enhances porcine cloned embryo development and improves the derivation of embryonic stem-like cells. Reprod Biol 2022; 22:100632. [PMID: 35334451 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine cloning through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been widely used in biotechnology for generating animal disease models and genetically modified animals for xenotransplantation. Vitamin C is a multifunctional factor that reacts with several enzymes. In this study, we used porcine oocytes to investigate the effects of different concentrations of vitamin C on in vitro maturation (IVM), in vitro culture (IVC), and the derivation of nuclear transfer embryonic stem-like cells (NT-ESCs). We demonstrated that vitamin C promoted the cleavage and blastocyst rate of genetically modified cloned porcine embryos and improved the derivation of NT-ESCs. Vitamin C integrated into IVM and IVC enhanced cleavage and blastocyst formation (P < 0.05) in SCNT embryos. Glutathione level was increased, and reactive oxygen species levels were decreased (P < 0.05) due to vitamin C treatment. Vitamin C decreased the gene expression of apoptosis (BAX) and increased the expression of genes associated with nuclear reprogramming (NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2, c-Myc, Klf4, and TEAD4), antioxidation (SOD1), anti-apoptotic (Bcl2), and trophectoderm (CDX2). Moreover, vitamin C improved the attachment, derivation, and passaging of NT-ESCs, while the control group showed no outgrowths beyond the primary culture. In conclusion, supplementation of vitamin C at a dose of 50 µg/ml to the IVM and IVC culture media was appropriate to improve the outcomes of porcine IVM and IVC and for the derivation of NT-ESCs as a model to study the pre- and post-implantation embryonic development in cloned transgenic embryos. Therefore, we recommend the inclusion of vitamin C as a supplementary factor to IVM and IVC to improve porcine in vitro embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Fang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bereket Molla Tanga
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonggyu Bang
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeonghwan Seong
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmad Yar Qamar
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Shim
- Department of Transgenic Animal Research, Optipharm, Inc., Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kimyung Choi
- Department of Transgenic Animal Research, Optipharm, Inc., Chungcheongbuk-do, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Dong C, Theunissen TW. Generating Trophoblast Stem Cells from Human Naïve Pluripotent Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2416:91-104. [PMID: 34870832 PMCID: PMC9749490 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1908-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a transient organ that mediates the exchange of nutrients, gases, and waste products between the mother and the developing fetus and is indispensable for a healthy pregnancy. Epithelial cells in the placenta, which are termed trophoblasts, originate from the trophectoderm (TE) compartment of the blastocyst. The human trophoblast lineage consists of several distinct cell types, including the self-renewing and bipotent cytotrophoblast and the terminally differentiated extravillous trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast. Despite the importance of trophoblast research, it has long been hindered by the scarce accessibility of primary tissue and the lack of a robust in vitro model system. Recently, a culture condition was developed that supports the isolation of bona fide human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) from human blastocysts or first-trimester placental tissues. In this chapter, we describe a protocol to derive bona fide hTSCs from naïve human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), thus presenting a robust methodology to generate hTSCs from a renewable and widely accessible source. This approach may be used to generate patient-specific hTSCs to study trophoblast-associated pathologies and serves as a powerful experimental platform to study the specification of human TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thorold W. Theunissen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Corresponding Author: Thorold W. Theunissen, Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA, Tel: 314-273-3074,
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23
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Neupane B, Fendereski M, Nazneen F, Guo YL, Bai F. Murine Trophoblast Stem Cells and Their Differentiated Cells Attenuate Zika Virus In Vitro by Reducing Glycosylation of the Viral Envelope Protein. Cells 2021; 10:3085. [PMID: 34831310 PMCID: PMC8619372 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause devastating fetal neuropathological abnormalities, including microcephaly. Most studies of ZIKV infection in pregnancy have focused on post-implantation stage embryos. Currently, we have limited knowledge about how a pre-implantation stage embryo deals with a viral infection. This study investigates ZIKV infection on mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and their in vitro differentiated TSCs (DTSCs), which resemble the cellular components of the trophectoderm layer of the blastocyst that later develops into the placenta. We demonstrate that TSCs and DTSCs are permissive to ZIKV infection; however, ZIKV propagated in TSCs and DTSCs exhibit substantially lower infectivity, as shown in vitro and in a mouse model compared to ZIKV that was generated in Vero cells or mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We further show that the low infectivity of ZIKV propagated in TSCs and DTSCs is associated with a reduced level of glycosylation on the viral envelope (E) proteins, which are essential for ZIKV to establish initial attachment by binding to cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The decreased level of glycosylation on ZIKV E is, at least, partially due to the low-level expression of a glycosylation-related gene, Hexa, in TSCs and DTSCs. Furthermore, this finding is not limited to ZIKV since similar observations have been made as to the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and West Nile virus (WNV) propagated in TSCs and DTSCs. In conclusion, our results reveal a novel phenomenon suggesting that murine TSCs and their differentiated cells may have adapted a cellular glycosylation system that can limit viral infectivity by altering the glycosylation of viral envelope proteins, therefore serving as a unique, innate anti-viral mechanism in the pre-implantation stage embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fengwei Bai
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA; (B.N.); (M.F.); (F.N.); (Y.-L.G.)
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24
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Ntostis P, Swanson G, Kokkali G, Iles D, Huntriss J, Pantou A, Tzetis M, Pantos K, Picton HM, Krawetz SA, Miller D. The effects of aging on molecular modulators of human embryo implantation. iScience 2021; 24:102751. [PMID: 34278260 PMCID: PMC8271113 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancing age has a negative impact on female fertility. As implantation rates decline during the normal maternal life course, age-related, embryonic factors are altered and our inability to monitor these factors in an unbiased genome-wide manner in vivo has severely limited our understanding of early human embryo development and implantation. Our high-throughput methodology uses trophectoderm samples representing the full spectrum of maternal reproductive ages with embryo implantation potential examined in relation to trophectoderm transcriptome dynamics and reproductive maternal age. Potential embryo-endometrial interactions were tested using trophectoderm sampled from young women, with the receptive uterine environment representing the most 'fertile' environment for successful embryo implantation. Potential roles for extracellular exosomes, embryonic metabolism and regulation of apoptosis were revealed. These biomarkers are consistent with embryo-endometrial crosstalk/developmental competency, serving as a mediator for successful implantation. Our data opens the door to developing a diagnostic test for predicting implantation success in women undergoing fertility treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ntostis
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Genetics Department, Medical school, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | - Grace Swanson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Georgia Kokkali
- Genesis Athens Clinic, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Athens, 152 32, Greece
| | - David Iles
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - John Huntriss
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Agni Pantou
- Genesis Athens Clinic, Reproductive Medicine Unit, Athens, 152 32, Greece
| | - Maria Tzetis
- Genetics Department, Medical school, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 115 27, Greece
| | | | - Helen M. Picton
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stephen A. Krawetz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - David Miller
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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25
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Arcuri S, Pennarossa G, Gandolfi F, Brevini TAL. Generation of Trophoblast-Like Cells From Hypomethylated Porcine Adult Dermal Fibroblasts. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:706106. [PMID: 34350230 PMCID: PMC8326560 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.706106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first differentiation event in mammalian embryos is the formation of the trophectoderm, which is the progenitor of the outer epithelial components of the placenta, and which supports the fetus during the intrauterine life. However, the epigenetic and paracrine controls at work in trophectoderm differentiation are still to be fully elucidated and the creation of dedicated in vitro models is desirable to increase our understanding. Here we propose a novel approach based on the epigenetic conversion of adult dermal fibroblasts into trophoblast-like cells. The method combines the use of epigenetic erasing with an ad hoc differentiation protocol. Dermal fibroblasts are erased with 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) that confers cells a transient high plasticity state. They are then readdressed toward the trophoblast (TR) phenotype, using MEF conditioned medium, supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and inhibitors of the Activin/Nodal and FGF2 signaling pathways in low O2 conditions. The method here described allows the generation of TR-like cells from easily accessible material, such as dermal fibroblasts, that are very simply propagated in vitro. Furthermore, the strategy proposed is free of genetic modifications that make cells prone to instability and transformation. The TR model obtained may also find useful application in order to better characterize embryo implantation mechanisms and developmental disorders based on TR defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Arcuri
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Pennarossa
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fulvio Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana A L Brevini
- Laboratory of Biomedical Embryology, Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety and Centre for Stem Cell Research, UniStem, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Screening Candidate Genes Regulating Placental Development from Trophoblast Transcriptome at Early Pregnancy in Dazu Black Goats ( Capra hircus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072132. [PMID: 34359260 PMCID: PMC8300351 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The trophoblast is an original placental tissue whose normal proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, and angiopoiesis are essential for placenta formation and fetal survival during early pregnancy. However, the key genes and molecular mechanisms involved in placenta development in goats are unknown. Herein, the morphology and histological structures of trophoblast tissues from day 20 to 30 of pregnancy were determined. RNA-sequencing was used to screen potential functional genes in common highly expressed and differentially expressed genes. RAP1 signaling pathway was used as the contact center and coordinated with other pathways to regulate placenta development. This study could provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ruminant placentation. Abstract This study explored the trophoblast transcriptome to understand potential functional genes involved in early placental development in goats and their enriched signaling pathways. Trophoblast samples were collected from nine Dazu Black goats on days 20, 25, and 30 of pregnancy (D20, D25, and D30). As the pregnancy progressed, the morphology and histological structures showed significant growth, adhesion, and angiogenesis. A total of 23,253 commonly expressed genes (CEGs) and 4439 differently expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by RNA sequencing. The common highly expressed genes (ChEGs) (the top 100 CEGs) with the highest FPKM percentage (29.9%) of all CEGs were annotated to the ribosome pathway and maintain pregnancy. DEGs were abundant in D30 vs. D20 (3715 DEGs). Besides, the DEGs were associated with the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and activation of PI3K-Akt, focal adhesion, ECM–receptor interaction, Rap1, and CAM signaling pathways. The RAP1 may be a central pathway since it coordinates with others to regulate the cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and fusion of trophoblasts. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed the transcriptional expression in IGF1, VEGFC, RAPGEF3, PIK3CA, AKT3, ITGB3, ITGA11, SPP1, NOS1, and ATP6V0B genes and protein levels in VEGF, RAPGEF3, and Akt. This is the first study of transcriptome profiling in goat placenta and provides diverse genetic resources for further research on placenta development.
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27
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Wang L, Chakraborty D, Iqbal K, Soares MJ. SUV39H2 controls trophoblast stem cell fate. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129867. [PMID: 33556426 PMCID: PMC8052280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2021.129867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta is formed by the coordinated expansion and differentiation of trophoblast stem (TS) cells along a multi-lineage pathway. Dynamic regulation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation is pivotal to cell differentiation for many cell lineages, but little is known about its involvement in trophoblast cell development. METHODS Expression of H3K9 methyltransferases was surveyed in rat TS cells maintained in the stem state and following differentiation. The role of suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 2 (SUV39H2) in the regulation of trophoblast cell lineage development was investigated using a loss-of-function approach in rat TS cells and ex vivo cultured rat blastocysts. RESULTS Among the twelve-known H3K9 methyltransferases, only SUV39H2 exhibited robust differential expression in stem versus differentiated TS cells. SUV39H2 transcript and protein expression were high in the stem state and declined as TS cells differentiated. Disruption of SUV39H2 expression in TS cells led to an arrest in TS cell proliferation and activation of trophoblast cell differentiation. SUV39H2 regulated H3K9 methylation status at loci exhibiting differentiation-dependent gene expression. Analyses of SUV39H2 on ex vivo rat blastocyst development supported its role in regulating TS cell expansion and differentiation. We further identified SUV39H2 as a downstream target of caudal type homeobox 2, a master regulator of trophoblast lineage development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that SUV39H2 contributes to the maintenance of TS cells and restrains trophoblast cell differentiation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE SUV39H2 serves as a contributor to the epigenetic regulation of hemochorial placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Damayanti Chakraborty
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America
| | - Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America; Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States of America; Center for Perinatal Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO, United States of America.
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28
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Zhang B, Kim MY, Elliot G, Zhou Y, Zhao G, Li D, Lowdon RF, Gormley M, Kapidzic M, Robinson JF, McMaster MT, Hong C, Mazor T, Hamilton E, Sears RL, Pehrsson EC, Marra MA, Jones SJM, Bilenky M, Hirst M, Wang T, Costello JF, Fisher SJ. Human placental cytotrophoblast epigenome dynamics over gestation and alterations in placental disease. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1238-1252.e5. [PMID: 33891899 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human placenta and its specialized cytotrophoblasts rapidly develop, have a compressed lifespan, govern pregnancy outcomes, and program the offspring's health. Understanding the molecular underpinnings of these behaviors informs development and disease. Profiling the extraembryonic epigenome and transcriptome during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters revealed H3K9 trimethylation overlapping deeply DNA hypomethylated domains with reduced gene expression and compartment-specific patterns that illuminated their functions. Cytotrophoblast DNA methylation increased, and several key histone modifications decreased across the genome as pregnancy advanced. Cytotrophoblasts from severe preeclampsia had substantially increased H3K27 acetylation globally and at genes that are normally downregulated at term but upregulated in this syndrome. In addition, some cases had an immature pattern of H3K27ac peaks, and others showed evidence of accelerated aging, suggesting subtype-specific alterations in severe preeclampsia. Thus, the cytotrophoblast epigenome dramatically reprograms during pregnancy, placental disease is associated with failures in this process, and H3K27 hyperacetylation is a feature of severe preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Genetics Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - M Yvonne Kim
- Ely and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - GiNell Elliot
- Department of Genetics Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- Ely and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Guangfeng Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Daofeng Li
- Department of Genetics Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Rebecca F Lowdon
- Department of Genetics Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Matthew Gormley
- Ely and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Mirhan Kapidzic
- Ely and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Joshua F Robinson
- Ely and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Michael T McMaster
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA
| | - Chibo Hong
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Tali Mazor
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Emily Hamilton
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Renee L Sears
- Department of Genetics Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Erica C Pehrsson
- Department of Genetics Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Marco A Marra
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Aven, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Steven J M Jones
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Aven, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Misha Bilenky
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Aven, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Martin Hirst
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, 2125 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Center, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Aven, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63108, USA.
| | - Joseph F Costello
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA.
| | - Susan J Fisher
- Ely and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94122, USA.
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Bourdon G, Cadoret V, Charpigny G, Couturier-Tarrade A, Dalbies-Tran R, Flores MJ, Froment P, Raliou M, Reynaud K, Saint-Dizier M, Jouneau A. Progress and challenges in developing organoids in farm animal species for the study of reproduction and their applications to reproductive biotechnologies. Vet Res 2021; 52:42. [PMID: 33691745 PMCID: PMC7944619 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the past decades, major progress has been accomplished in isolating germ/stem/pluripotent cells, in refining culture medium and conditions and in establishing 3-dimensional culture systems, towards developing organoids for organs involved in reproduction in mice and to some extent in humans. Haploid male germ cells were generated in vitro from primordial germ cells. So were oocytes, with additional support from ovarian cells and subsequent follicle culture. Going on with the female reproductive tract, spherical oviduct organoids were obtained from adult stem/progenitor cells. Multicellular endometrial structures mimicking functional uterine glands were derived from endometrial cells. Trophoblastic stem cells were induced to form 3-dimensional syncytial-like structures and exhibited invasive properties, a crucial point for placentation. Finally, considering the embryo itself, pluripotent embryonic cells together with additional extra-embryonic cells, could self-organize into a blastoid, and eventually into a post-implantation-like embryo. Most of these accomplishments have yet to be reached in farm animals, but much effort is devoted towards this goal. Here, we review the progress and discuss the specific challenges of developing organoids for the study of reproductive biology in these species. We consider the use of such organoids in basic research to delineate the physiological mechanisms involved at each step of the reproductive process, or to understand how they are altered by environmental factors relevant to animal breeding. We evaluate their potential in reproduction of animals with a high genetic value, from a breeding point of view or in the context of preserving local breeds with limited headcounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bourdon
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Véronique Cadoret
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
- CHU Bretonneau, Médecine et Biologie de la Reproduction-CECOS, 37044, Tours, France
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne Couturier-Tarrade
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Maria-José Flores
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pascal Froment
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mariam Raliou
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Karine Reynaud
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Marie Saint-Dizier
- INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, IFCE, PRC, 37380, Nouzilly, France
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Tours, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Alice Jouneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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30
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Cañumil VA, Bogetti E, de la Cruz Borthiry FL, Ribeiro ML, Beltrame JS. Steroid hormones and first trimester vascular remodeling. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:363-387. [PMID: 33752825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Successful implantation and placentation require neoangiogenesis and the remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries. Progesterone and estradiol control various of the placental functions, but their role in vascular remodeling remains controversial. Therefore, this chapter aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of steroid hormones in the uteroplacental vascular remodeling during the first trimester of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Cañumil
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Bogetti
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F L de la Cruz Borthiry
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M L Ribeiro
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J S Beltrame
- Center of Pharmacological and Botanical Studies (CEFyBO), School of Medicine University of Buenos Aires (UBA)-National Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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31
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You J, Wang W, Chang HM, Yi Y, Zhao H, Zhu H, Sun Y, Tang M, Wang C, Sang Y, Feng G, Cheng S, Leung PCK, Zhu YM. The BMP2 Signaling Axis Promotes Invasive Differentiation of Human Trophoblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:607332. [PMID: 33614644 PMCID: PMC7889606 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.607332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryo implantation and trophoblast invasion are principal limiting factors of pregnancy establishment. Aberrant embryo development or improper trophoblast differentiation and invasion may lead to various unfavorable pregnancy-related outcomes, including early pregnancy loss (EPL). Our clinical data show that the serum BMP2 levels were significantly increased during the first trimester of pregnancy and that the serum and BMP2 expression levels were lower in women with EPL than in women with normal early pregnancies. Moreover, we observed that BMP2 was expressed in oocytes and trophoblast cells of cleaved embryos and blastocysts prior to implantation in both humans and mice. Exogenous BMP2 promoted embryonic development by enhancing blastocyst formation and hatching in mice. LncRNA NR026833.1 was upregulated by BMP2 and promoted SNAIL expression by competitively binding to miR-502-5p. SNAIL induced MMP2 expression and promoted cell invasion in primary extravillous trophoblast cells. BMP2 promotes the invasive differentiation of mouse trophoblast stem cells by downregulating the expression of TS cell marker and upregulating the expression of trophoblast giant cell marker and labyrinthine/spongiotrophoblast marker. Our findings provide significant insights into the regulatory roles of BMP2 in the development of the placenta, which may give us a framework to explore new therapeutic strategies to pregnancy-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali You
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuyin Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hongjin Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minyue Tang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimiao Sang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guofang Feng
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaobing Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yi-Min Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kubota K, Iqbal K, Soares MJ. SATB1 promotion of trophoblast stem cell renewal through regulation of threonine dehydrogenase. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2021; 1865:129757. [PMID: 33011339 PMCID: PMC7708522 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trophoblast stem (TS) cell renewal and differentiation are essential processes in placentation. Special AT-rich binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a key regulator of the TS cell stem state. In this study, we identified SATB1 downstream targets and investigated their actions. METHODS RNA-sequencing analysis was performed in Rcho-1 TS cells expressing control or Satb1 short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) to identify candidate SATB1 targets. Differentially regulated transcripts were validated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The role of a target of SATB1, L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase (TDH), in the regulation of trophoblast cell development was investigated using a loss-of-function approach. RESULTS Among the differentially regulated transcripts in SATB1 knockdown TS cells, were downregulated transcripts known to affect the TS cell stem state and upregulated transcripts characteristic of trophoblast cell differentiation. Tdh expression was exquisitely responsive to SATB1 dysregulation. Tdh expression was high in the TS cell stem state and decreased as TS cells differentiated. Treatment of Rcho-1 TS cells with a TDH inhibitor or a TDH specific shRNA inhibited cell proliferation and attenuated the expression of TS cell stem state-associated transcripts and elevated the expression of trophoblast cell differentiation-associated transcripts. TDH disruption decreased TS cell colony size, Cdx2 expression, and blastocyst outgrowth. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the actions of SATB1 on TS cell maintenance are mediated, at least in part, through the regulation and actions of TDH. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Regulatory pathways controlling TS cell dynamics dictate the functionality of the placenta, pregnancy outcomes, and postnatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Kubota
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States of America; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States of America
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States of America; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States of America
| | - Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States of America; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States of America; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States of America; Center for Perinatal Research, Children's Mercy Research Institute, Children's Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States of America.
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Ni J, Liu Y, Kang L, Wang L, Han Z, Wang K, Xu B, Gu R. Human trophoblast-derived exosomes attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury by regulating miR-200b and downstream Zeb1. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:171. [PMID: 33218341 PMCID: PMC7678329 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) have been confirmed to play a cardioprotective role in heart failure. However, whether trophoblast stem cell-derived exosomes (TSC-Exos) can protect cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin (Dox)-induced injury remains unclear. In the present study, TSC-Exos were isolated from the supernatants of human trophoblasts using the ultracentrifugation method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and western blotting. In vitro, primary cardiomyocytes were subjected to Dox and treated with TSC-Exos, miR-200b mimic or miR-200b inhibitor. Cellular apoptosis was observed by flow cytometry and immunoblotting. In vivo, mice were intraperitoneally injected into Dox to establish a heart failure model. Then, different groups of mice were administered either PBS, adeno-associated virus (AAV)-vector, AAV-miR-200b-inhibitor or TSC-Exos via tail vein injection. Then, the cardiac function, cardiac fibrosis and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in each group were evaluated, and the downstream molecular mechanism was explored. TSC-Exos and miR-200b inhibitor both decreased primary cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Similarly, mice receiving TSC-Exos and AAV-miR-200b inhibitor exhibited improved cardiac function, accompanied by reduced apoptosis and inflammation. The bioinformatic prediction and luciferase reporter results confirmed that Zeb1 was a downstream target of miR-200b and had an antiapoptotic effect. TSC-Exos attenuated doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury by playing antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory roles. The underlying mechanism could be an increase in Zeb1 expression by the inhibition of miR-200b expression. In summary, this study sheds new light on the application of TSC-Exos as a potential therapeutic tool for heart failure.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Kang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Ullah R, Naz A, Akram HS, Ullah Z, Tariq M, Mithani A, Faisal A. Transcriptomic analysis reveals differential gene expression, alternative splicing, and novel exons during mouse trophoblast stem cell differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:342. [PMID: 32762732 PMCID: PMC7409654 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differentiation of mouse trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) to trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) has been widely used as a model system to study placental development and function. While several differentially expressed genes, including regulators of TSC differentiation, have been identified, a comprehensive analysis of the global expression of genes and splice variants in the two cell types has not been reported. RESULTS Here, we report ~ 7800 differentially expressed genes in TGCs compared to TSCs which include regulators of the cell cycle, apoptosis, cytoskeleton, cell mobility, embryo implantation, metabolism, and various signaling pathways. We show that several mitotic proteins, including Aurora A kinase, were downregulated in TGCs and that the activity of Aurora A kinase is required for the maintenance of TSCs. We also identify hitherto undiscovered, cell-type specific alternative splicing events in 31 genes in the two cell types. Finally, we also report 19 novel exons in 12 genes which are expressed in both TSCs and TGCs. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results uncover several potential regulators of TSC differentiation and TGC function, thereby providing a valuable resource for developmental and molecular biologists interested in the study of stem cell differentiation and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ullah
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Sara Akram
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zakir Ullah
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Mithani
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Amir Faisal
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Amaral MS, Goulart E, Caires-Júnior LC, Morales-Vicente DA, Soares-Schanoski A, Gomes RP, Olberg GGDO, Astray RM, Kalil JE, Zatz M, Verjovski-Almeida S. Differential gene expression elicited by ZIKV infection in trophoblasts from congenital Zika syndrome discordant twins. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008424. [PMID: 32745093 PMCID: PMC7425990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which is characterized by fetal demise, microcephaly and other abnormalities. ZIKV in the pregnant woman circulation must cross the placental barrier that includes fetal endothelial cells and trophoblasts, in order to reach the fetus. CZS occurs in ~1-40% of cases of pregnant women infected by ZIKV, suggesting that mothers' infection by ZIKV during pregnancy is not deterministic for CZS phenotype in the fetus. Therefore, other susceptibility factors might be involved, including the host genetic background. We have previously shown that in three pairs of dizygotic twins discordant for CZS, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from the CZS-affected twins presented differential in vitro ZIKV susceptibility compared with NPCs from the non-affected. Here, we analyzed human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived (hiPSC-derived) trophoblasts from these twins and compared by RNA-Seq the trophoblasts from CZS-affected and non-affected twins. Following in vitro exposure to a Brazilian ZIKV strain (ZIKVBR), trophoblasts from CZS-affected twins were significantly more susceptible to ZIKVBR infection when compared with trophoblasts from the non-affected. Transcriptome profiling revealed no differences in gene expression levels of ZIKV candidate attachment factors, IFN receptors and IFN in the trophoblasts, either before or after ZIKVBR infection. Most importantly, ZIKVBR infection caused, only in the trophoblasts from CZS-affected twins, the downregulation of genes related to extracellular matrix organization and to leukocyte activation, which are important for trophoblast adhesion and immune response activation. In addition, only trophoblasts from non-affected twins secreted significantly increased amounts of chemokines RANTES/CCL5 and IP10 after infection with ZIKVBR. Overall, our results showed that trophoblasts from non-affected twins have the ability to more efficiently activate genes that are known to play important roles in cell adhesion and in triggering the immune response to ZIKV infection in the placenta, and this may contribute to predict protection from ZIKV dissemination into fetuses' tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Caires-Júnior
- Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Abraham Morales-Vicente
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge E. Kalil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina e Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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36
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Saha B, Ganguly A, Home P, Bhattacharya B, Ray S, Ghosh A, Rumi MAK, Marsh C, French VA, Gunewardena S, Paul S. TEAD4 ensures postimplantation development by promoting trophoblast self-renewal: An implication in early human pregnancy loss. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:17864-17875. [PMID: 32669432 PMCID: PMC7395512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002449117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Early pregnancy loss affects ∼15% of all implantation-confirmed human conceptions. However, evolutionarily conserved molecular mechanisms that regulate self-renewal of trophoblast progenitors and their association with early pregnancy loss are poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that transcription factor TEAD4 ensures survival of postimplantation mouse and human embryos by controlling self-renewal and stemness of trophoblast progenitors within the placenta primordium. In an early postimplantation mouse embryo, TEAD4 is selectively expressed in trophoblast stem cell-like progenitor cells (TSPCs), and loss of Tead4 in postimplantation mouse TSPCs impairs their self-renewal, leading to embryonic lethality before embryonic day 9.0, a developmental stage equivalent to the first trimester of human gestation. Both TEAD4 and its cofactor, yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), are specifically expressed in cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitors of a first-trimester human placenta. We also show that a subset of unexplained recurrent pregnancy losses (idiopathic RPLs) is associated with impaired TEAD4 expression in CTB progenitors. Furthermore, by establishing idiopathic RPL patient-specific human trophoblast stem cells (RPL-TSCs), we show that loss of TEAD4 is associated with defective self-renewal in RPL-TSCs and rescue of TEAD4 expression restores their self-renewal ability. Unbiased genomics studies revealed that TEAD4 directly regulates expression of key cell cycle genes in both mouse and human TSCs and establishes a conserved transcriptional program. Our findings show that TEAD4, an effector of the Hippo signaling pathway, is essential for the establishment of pregnancy in a postimplantation mammalian embryo and indicate that impairment of the Hippo signaling pathway could be a molecular cause for early human pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswarup Saha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Avishek Ganguly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Pratik Home
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Bhaswati Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Soma Ray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Ananya Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - M A Karim Rumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Courtney Marsh
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Valerie A French
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Soumen Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160;
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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37
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Gao H, Gao R, Zhang L, Xiu W, Zang R, Wang H, Zhang Y, Chen J, Gao Y, Gao S. Esrrb plays important roles in maintaining self-renewal of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) and reprogramming somatic cells to induced TSCs. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:463-473. [PMID: 30299501 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), which can be derived from the trophoectoderm of a blastocyst, have the ability to sustain self-renewal and differentiate into various placental trophoblast cell types. Meanwhile, essential insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling the placental development can be gained by using TSCs as the cell model. Esrrb is a transcription factor that has been shown to play pivotal roles in both embryonic stem cell (ESC) and TSC, but the precise mechanism whereby Esrrb regulates TSC-specific transcriptome during differentiation and reprogramming is still largely unknown. In the present study, we elucidate the function of Esrrb in self-renewal and differentiation of TSCs, as well as during the induced TSC (iTSC) reprogramming. We demonstrate that the precise level of Esrrb is critical for stem state maintenance and further trophoblast differentiation of TSCs, as ectopically expressed Esrrb can partially block the rapid differentiation of TSCs in the absence of fibroblast growth factor 4. However, Esrrb depletion results in downregulation of certain key TSC-specific transcription factors, consequently causing a rapid differentiation of TSCs and these Esrrb-deficient TSCs lose the ability of hemorrhagic lesion formation in vivo. This function of Esrrb is exerted by directly binding and activating a core set of TSC-specific target genes including Cdx2, Eomes, Sox2, Fgfr4, and Bmp4. Furthermore, we show that Esrrb overexpression can facilitate the MEF-to-iTSC conversion. Moreover, Esrrb can substitute for Eomes to generate GEsTM-iTSCs. Thus, our findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of Esrrb in maintaining TSC self-renewal and during iTSC reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Gao
- Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchao Xiu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruge Zang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaorong Gao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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38
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Three types of HLA-G+ extravillous trophoblasts that have distinct immune regulatory properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15772-15777. [PMID: 32581122 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000484117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, invading HLA-G+ extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) play a key role in placental development, uterine spiral artery remodeling, and prevention of detrimental maternal immune responses to placental and fetal antigens. Failures of these processes are suggested to play a role in the development of pregnancy complications, but very little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here we present validated methods to purify and culture primary HLA-G+ EVT from the placental disk and chorionic membrane from healthy term pregnancy. Characterization of HLA-G+ EVT from term pregnancy compared to first trimester revealed their unique phenotypes, gene expression profiles, and differing capacities to increase regulatory T cells (Treg) during coculture assays, features that cannot be captured by using surrogate cell lines or animal models. Furthermore, clinical variables including gestational age and fetal sex significantly influenced EVT biology and function. These methods and approaches form a solid basis for further investigation of the role of HLA-G+ EVT in the development of detrimental placental inflammatory responses associated with pregnancy complications, including spontaneous preterm delivery and preeclampsia.
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Bhattacharya B, Home P, Ganguly A, Ray S, Ghosh A, Islam MR, French V, Marsh C, Gunewardena S, Okae H, Arima T, Paul S. Atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCλ/ι) ensures mammalian development by establishing the maternal-fetal exchange interface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:14280-14291. [PMID: 32513715 PMCID: PMC7322033 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1920201117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In utero mammalian development relies on the establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange interface, which ensures transportation of nutrients and gases between the mother and the fetus. This exchange interface is established via development of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast cells (SynTs) during placentation. In mice, SynTs develop via differentiation of the trophoblast stem cell-like progenitor cells (TSPCs) of the placenta primordium, and in humans, SynTs are developed via differentiation of villous cytotrophoblast (CTB) progenitors. Despite the critical need in pregnancy progression, conserved signaling mechanisms that ensure SynT development are poorly understood. Herein, we show that atypical protein kinase C iota (PKCλ/ι) plays an essential role in establishing the SynT differentiation program in trophoblast progenitors. Loss of PKCλ/ι in the mouse TSPCs abrogates SynT development, leading to embryonic death at approximately embryonic day 9.0 (E9.0). We also show that PKCλ/ι-mediated priming of trophoblast progenitors for SynT differentiation is a conserved event during human placentation. PKCλ/ι is selectively expressed in the first-trimester CTBs of a developing human placenta. Furthermore, loss of PKCλ/ι in CTB-derived human trophoblast stem cells (human TSCs) impairs their SynT differentiation potential both in vitro and after transplantation in immunocompromised mice. Our mechanistic analyses indicate that PKCλ/ι signaling maintains expression of GCM1, GATA2, and PPARγ, which are key transcription factors to instigate SynT differentiation programs in both mouse and human trophoblast progenitors. Our study uncovers a conserved molecular mechanism, in which PKCλ/ι signaling regulates establishment of the maternal-fetal exchange surface by promoting trophoblast progenitor-to-SynT transition during placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Bhattacharya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Pratik Home
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Avishek Ganguly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Soma Ray
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Ananya Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Md Rashedul Islam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Valerie French
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Courtney Marsh
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Soumen Paul
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160;
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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40
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Yamauchi Y, Nita A, Nishiyama M, Muto Y, Shimizu H, Nakatsumi H, Nakayama KI. Skp2 contributes to cell cycle progression in trophoblast stem cells and to placental development. Genes Cells 2020; 25:427-438. [PMID: 32267063 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
All trophoblast subtypes of the placenta are derived from trophoblast stem cells (TSCs). TSCs have the capacity to self-renew, but how the proliferation of these cells is regulated in the undifferentiated state has been largely unclear. We now show that the F-box protein Skp2 regulates the proliferation of TSCs and thereby plays a pivotal role in placental development in mice on the C57BL/6 background. The placenta of Skp2-/- mouse embryos on the C57BL/6 background was smaller than that of their Skp2+/+ littermates, with the mutant embryos also manifesting intrauterine growth retardation. Although the Skp2-/- mice were born alive, most of them died before postnatal day 21, presumably as a result of placental defects. Depletion of Skp2 in TSCs cultured in the undifferentiated state resulted in a reduced rate of proliferation and arrest of the cell cycle in G1 phase, indicative of a defect in self-renewal capacity. The cell cycle arrest apparent in Skp2-deficient TSCs was reversed by additional ablation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p57 but not by that of the CKI p27. Our results thus suggest that Skp2-mediated degradation of p57 is an important determinant of the self-renewal capacity of TSCs during placental development, at least in mice of certain genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Yamauchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishiyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Muto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nakatsumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
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41
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Kiyozumi D, Nakano I, Sato-Nishiuchi R, Tanaka S, Sekiguchi K. Laminin is the ECM niche for trophoblast stem cells. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/2/e201900515. [PMID: 31937556 PMCID: PMC6977391 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin functions as an ECM niche factor for trophoblast stem cells and secures trophoblast stem cell expansion through its interactions with integrin. The niche is a specialized microenvironment for tissue stem cells in vivo. It has long been emphasized that niche ECM molecules act on tissue stem cells to regulate their behavior, but the molecular entities of these interactions remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we report that laminin forms the in vivo ECM niche for trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), the tissue stem cells of the placenta. TSCs expressed fibronectin-binding, vitronectin-binding, and laminin-binding integrins, whereas the integrin ligands present in the TSC niche were collagen and laminin. Therefore, the only niche integrin ligand available for TSCs in vivo was laminin. Laminin promoted TSC adhesion and proliferation in vitro in an integrin binding–dependent manner. Importantly, when the integrin-binding ability of laminin was genetically ablated in mice, the size of the TSC population was significantly reduced compared with that in control mice. The present findings underscore an ECM niche function of laminin to support tissue stem cell maintenance in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Itsuko Nakano
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Sato-Nishiuchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Extracellular Matrix Biochemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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42
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Kelleher AM, DeMayo FJ, Spencer TE. Uterine Glands: Developmental Biology and Functional Roles in Pregnancy. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1424-1445. [PMID: 31074826 PMCID: PMC6749889 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
All mammalian uteri contain glands in the endometrium that develop only or primarily after birth. Gland development or adenogenesis in the postnatal uterus is intrinsically regulated by proliferation, cell-cell interactions, growth factors and their inhibitors, as well as transcription factors, including forkhead box A2 (FOXA2) and estrogen receptor α (ESR1). Extrinsic factors regulating adenogenesis originate from other organs, including the ovary, pituitary, and mammary gland. The infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss observed in uterine gland knockout sheep and mouse models support a primary role for secretions and products of the glands in pregnancy success. Recent studies in mice revealed that uterine glandular epithelia govern postimplantation pregnancy establishment through effects on stromal cell decidualization and placental development. In humans, uterine glands and, by inference, their secretions and products are hypothesized to be critical for blastocyst survival and implantation as well as embryo and placental development during the first trimester before the onset of fetal-maternal circulation. A variety of hormones and other factors from the ovary, placenta, and stromal cells impact secretory function of the uterine glands during pregnancy. This review summarizes new information related to the developmental biology of uterine glands and discusses novel perspectives on their functional roles in pregnancy establishment and success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Kelleher
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Francesco J DeMayo
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute on Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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43
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Tang P, Miri K, Varmuza S. Unique trophoblast chromatin environment mediated by the PcG protein SFMBT2. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio043638. [PMID: 31391163 PMCID: PMC6737984 DOI: 10.1242/bio.043638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells are maintained by a chromatin environment, mediated in part by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which depress differentiation. The trophoblast-specific PcG protein SFMBT2 is known to be required for maintenance of trophoblast progenitors. Rather than binding to trophoblast-specific genes repressed in TSC, SFMBT2 is concentrated at chromocentres and regions rich in repetitive elements, specifically LINE sequences and major satellites, suggesting that it is involved in higher-order organization of the trophoblast genome. It is also found enriched at a subset of ncRNAs. Comparison of ChIP-seq datasets for other chromatin proteins reveals several stereotypical distribution patterns, suggesting that SFMBT2 interacts with several different types of chromatin complexes specific to the trophoblast lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Tang
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Kamelia Miri
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Susannah Varmuza
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G5, Canada
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44
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Roberts RM, Ezashi T, Sheridan MA, Yang Y. Specification of trophoblast from embryonic stem cells exposed to BMP4. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:212-224. [PMID: 29579154 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast (TB) comprises the outer cell layers of the mammalian placenta that make direct contact with the maternal uterus and, in species with a highly invasive placenta, maternal blood. It has its origin as trophectoderm, a single epithelial layer of extra-embryonic ectoderm that surrounds the embryo proper at the blastocyst stage of development. Here, we briefly compare the features of TB specification and determination in the mouse and the human. We then review research on a model system that has been increasingly employed to study TB emergence, namely the BMP4 (bone morphogenetic protein-4)-directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCd), and discuss why outcomes using it have proved so uneven. We also examine the controversial aspects of this model, particularly the issue of whether or not the ESCd represents TB at all. Our focus here has been to explore similarities and potential differences between the phenotypes of ESCd, trophectoderm, placental villous TB, and human TB stem cells. We then explore the role of BMP4 in the differentiation of human pluripotent cells to TB and suggest that it converts the ESC into a totipotent state that is primed for TB differentiation when self-renewal is blocked. Finally we speculate that the TB formed from ESC is homologous to the trophectoderm-derived, invasive TB that envelopes the implanting conceptus during the second week of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Michael Roberts
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Toshihiko Ezashi
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Megan A Sheridan
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
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45
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High Proliferative Placenta-Derived Multipotent Cells Express Cytokeratin 7 at Low Level. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2098749. [PMID: 31392209 PMCID: PMC6662495 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2098749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunophenotypes and gene expression profile of high proliferative placenta-derived multipotent cells (PDMCs) population at different stages of culture. We demonstrated that the colonies resulting from single cells were either positive or negative for CK7, whereas only PDMC clones with weak CK7 expression (CK7low-clones) were highly proliferative. Interestingly, vimentin positive (Vim+) placental stromal mesenchymal cells did not express CK7 in situ, but double CK7+Vim+ cells detection in tissue explants and explants outgrowth indicated CK7 inducible expression in vitro. PCNA presence in CK7+Vim+ cells during placental explants culturing confirmed belonging of these cells to proliferative subpopulation. Transcription factors CDX2 and EOMES were expressed in both CK7low-clones and subset of stromal mesenchymal cells of first-trimester placental tissue in situ. Meanwhile, CK7low -clones and stromal mesenchymal cells of full-term placental tissue in situ expressed ERG heterogeneously. SPP1, COL2A1, and PPARG2 mesodermal-related genes expression by CK7low-clones additionally confirms their mesenchymal origin. Inherent stem cell-related gene expression (IFTM3, POU5F1, and VASA) in CK7low-clones might indicate their enrichment for progenitors. Finally, in CK7low-clones we observed expression of such trophoblast-associated genes as CGB types I and II, fusogenic ERVW-1, GCM1, and GATA3. Thus, our results indicate that PDMCs acquired the representative immunophenotype signature under culture conditions.
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46
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Pillai VV, Siqueira LG, Das M, Kei TG, Tu LN, Herren AW, Phinney BS, Cheong SH, Hansen PJ, Selvaraj V. Physiological profile of undifferentiated bovine blastocyst-derived trophoblasts. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio037937. [PMID: 30952696 PMCID: PMC6550082 DOI: 10.1242/bio.037937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophectoderm of blastocysts mediate early events in fetal-maternal communication, enabling implantation and establishment of a functional placenta. Inadequate or impaired developmental events linked to trophoblasts directly impact early embryo survival and successful implantation during a crucial period that corresponds with high incidence of pregnancy losses in dairy cows. As yet, the molecular basis of bovine trophectoderm development and signaling towards initiation of implantation remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed methods for culturing undifferentiated bovine blastocyst-derived trophoblasts and used both transcriptomics and proteomics in early colonies to categorize and elucidate their functional characteristics. A total of 9270 transcripts and 1418 proteins were identified and analyzed based on absolute abundance. We profiled an extensive list of growth factors, cytokines and other relevant factors that can effectively influence paracrine communication in the uterine microenvironment. Functional categorization and analysis revealed novel information on structural organization, extracellular matrix composition, cell junction and adhesion components, transcription networks, and metabolic preferences. Our data showcase the fundamental physiology of bovine trophectoderm and indicate hallmarks of the self-renewing undifferentiated state akin to trophoblast stem cells described in other species. Functional features uncovered are essential for understanding early events in bovine pregnancy towards initiation of implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viju Vijayan Pillai
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Luiz G Siqueira
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais 36038-330, Brazil
| | - Moubani Das
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Tiffany G Kei
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Lan N Tu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anthony W Herren
- Genome Center, Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brett S Phinney
- Genome Center, Proteomics Core Facility, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Soon Hon Cheong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Vimal Selvaraj
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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47
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Wang C, Han X, Zhou Z, Uyunbilig B, Huang X, Li R, Li X. Wnt3a Activates the WNT-YAP/TAZ Pathway to Sustain CDX2 Expression in Bovine Trophoblast Stem Cells. DNA Cell Biol 2019; 38:410-422. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2018.4458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestocks, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xuejie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestocks, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestocks, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Borjigin Uyunbilig
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestocks, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xianghua Huang
- Department of Urology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Rongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratories of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestocks, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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48
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Guo YL. The underdeveloped innate immunity in embryonic stem cells: The molecular basis and biological perspectives from early embryogenesis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2019; 81:e13089. [PMID: 30614149 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have been intensively studied as a promising cell source for regenerative medicine. The rapid advancements in the field have not only proven the feasibility of ESC-based cell therapy, but also led to a better understanding of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as a unique cell population at an early stage of embryogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that both human and mouse ESCs have attenuated innate immune responses to infectious agents and inflammatory cytokines. These findings raise interesting questions about the rationale for ESCs, the PSCs experimentally derived from preimplantation stage embryos, to not have an innate defense mechanism that has been adapted so well in somatic cells. All somatic cells have innate immune systems that can be activated by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or cellular damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), leading to production of cytokines. The underdeveloped innate immunity represents a unique property of PSCs that may have important implications. This review discusses the immunological properties of PSCs, the molecular basis underlying their diminished innate immune responses, and the hypothesis that the attenuated innate immune responses could be an adaptive mechanism that allows PSCs to avoid cytotoxicity associated with inflammation and immune responses during early embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lin Guo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi
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Molbay M, Kipmen-Korgun D, Korkmaz G, Ozekinci M, Turkay Korgun E. Human Trophoblast Progenitor Cells Express and Release Angiogenic Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2019; 7:203-211. [PMID: 31516879 PMCID: PMC6709936 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.4.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast stem cells develop from polar trophectoderm and give rise to the cells that generate the placenta. Trophoblast cells are responsible for the uterine invasion and vascular remodeling during the implantation of the embryo. However this knowledge is not yet to be confirmed for trophoblast progenitor cells (TPCs). In this study, we aimed to demonstrate that human TPCs (hTPCs) express and release angiogenic factors for the first time. TPCs were isolated from the term placenta. Then immunophenotyping was performed by FACS method by analyzing caudal type homeobox 2 (CDX2) and eomesodermin (EOMES). Immunofluorescence staining of CDX2 and EOMES was performed on these cells. Lastly, angiogenesis-related proteins were detected by western blot and ELISA assays. The isolated cells were positive for trophoblast stem cell markers CDX2 and EOMES in 92.5% and 92.7% of cells, respectively showing the characteristics of TPCs. The investigation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) at protein and mRNA level in comparison with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), revealed that human TPCs (hTPCs) have higher levels of VEGF and VEGFR1 transcripts. Additionally soluble forms of VEGF and VEGFR1 were detected in supernatants of hTPCs. With this information, TPCs seem to be promising for regenerative cell therapies by increasing angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Molbay
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Dijle Kipmen-Korgun
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gizem Korkmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Murat Ozekinci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Emin Turkay Korgun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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De Paepe C, Aberkane A, Dewandre D, Essahib W, Sermon K, Geens M, Verheyen G, Tournaye H, Van de Velde H. BMP4 plays a role in apoptosis during human preimplantation development. Mol Reprod Dev 2018; 86:53-62. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. De Paepe
- Research Group of Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - A. Aberkane
- Research Group of Reproduction and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - D. Dewandre
- Research Group of Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - W. Essahib
- Research Group of Reproduction and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - K. Sermon
- Research Group of Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Geens
- Research Group of Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - G. Verheyen
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine (CRG), UZ Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - H. Tournaye
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine (CRG), UZ Brussel; Brussels Belgium
| | - H. Van de Velde
- Research Group of Reproduction and Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
- Research Group of Reproduction and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine (CRG), UZ Brussel; Brussels Belgium
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