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Kim H, Kim EJ, Ngo HV, Nguyen HD, Park C, Choi KH, Park JB, Lee BJ. Cellular Efficacy of Fattigated Nanoparticles and Real-Time ROS Occurrence Using Microfluidic Hepatocarcinoma Chip System: Effect of Anticancer Drug Solubility and Shear Stress. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1330. [PMID: 37765137 PMCID: PMC10536289 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of organ-on-chip system investigating simultaneous cellular efficacy and real-time reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurrence of anticancer drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) using hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) chip system under static and hepatomimicking shear stress conditions (5 dyne/cm2). Then, the role of hepatomimetic shear stress exposed to HepG2 and drug solubility were compared. The highly soluble doxorubicin (DOX) and poorly soluble paclitaxel (PTX) were chosen. Fattigated NPs (AONs) were formed via self-assembly of amphiphilic albumin (HSA)-oleic acid conjugate (AOC). Then, drug-loaded AONs (DOX-AON or PTX-AON) were exposed to a serum-free HepG2 medium at 37 °C and 5% carbon dioxide for 24 h using a real-time ROS sensor chip-based microfluidic system. The cellular efficacy and simultaneous ROS occurrence of free drugs and drug-loaded AONs were compared. The cellular efficacy of drug-loaded AONs varied in a dose-dependent manner and were consistently correlated with real-time of ROS occurrence. Drug-loaded AONs increased the intracellular fluorescence intensity and decreased the cellular efficacy compared to free drugs under dynamic conditions. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of free DOX (13.4 μg/mL) and PTX (54.44 μg/mL) under static conditions decreased to 11.79 and 38.43 μg/mL, respectively, under dynamic conditions. Furthermore, DOX- and PTX-AONs showed highly decreased IC50 values of 5.613 and 21.86 μg/mL, respectively, as compared to free drugs under dynamic conditions. It was evident that cellular efficacy and real-time ROS occurrence were well-correlated and highly dependent on the drug-loaded nanostructure, drug solubility and physiological shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoyoung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
| | - Eun-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
| | - Hai V. Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
| | - Hy D. Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
| | - Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyung Hyun Choi
- Advanced Micro-Mechatronics Lab, Mechatronics Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea;
- BioSpero, Jeju 63309, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Bom Park
- College of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (E.-J.K.); (H.V.N.); (H.D.N.)
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Le Ribeuz H, Masson B, Dutheil M, Boët A, Beauvais A, Sabourin J, De Montpreville VT, Capuano V, Mercier O, Humbert M, Montani D, Antigny F. Involvement of SUR2/Kir6.1 channel in the physiopathology of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1066047. [PMID: 36704469 PMCID: PMC9871631 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1066047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims We hypothesized that the ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) regulatory subunit (ABCC9) contributes to PAH pathogenesis. ABCC9 gene encodes for two regulatory subunits of KATP channels: the SUR2A and SUR2B proteins. In the KATP channel, the SUR2 subunits are associated with the K+ channel Kir6.1. We investigated how the SUR2/Kir6.1 channel contributes to PAH pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target in PAH. Methods and results Using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo approaches, we analyzed the localization and expression of SUR2A, SUR2B, and Kir6.1 in the pulmonary vasculature of controls and patients with PAH as in experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) rat models and its contribution to PAH physiopathology. Finally, we deciphered the consequences of in vivo activation of SUR2/Kir6.1 in the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH model. We found that SUR2A, SUR2B, and Kir6.1 were expressed in the lungs of controls and patients with PAH and MCT-induced PH rat models. Organ bath studies showed that SUR2 activation by pinacidil induced relaxation of pulmonary arterial in rats and humans. In vitro experiments on human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells (hPASMCs and hPAECs) in controls and PAH patients showed decreased cell proliferation and migration after SUR2 activation. We demonstrated that SUR2 activation in rat right ventricular (RV) cardiomyocytes reduced RV action potential duration by patch-clamp. Chronic pinacidil administration in control rats increased heart rate without changes in hemodynamic parameters. Finally, in vivo pharmacological activation of SUR2 on MCT and Chronic-hypoxia (CH)-induced-PH rats showed improved PH. Conclusion We showed that SUR2A, SUR2B, and Kir6.1 are presented in hPASMCs and hPAECs of controls and PAH patients. In vivo SUR2 activation reduced the MCT-induced and CH-induced PH phenotype, suggesting that SUR2 activation should be considered for treating PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Ribeuz
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension Pulmonaire Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Bastien Masson
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension Pulmonaire Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Mary Dutheil
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension Pulmonaire Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Hôptal Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Angèle Boët
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension Pulmonaire Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Antoine Beauvais
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension Pulmonaire Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Jessica Sabourin
- Inserm, UMR-S 1180, Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | | | - Véronique Capuano
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension Pulmonaire Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Hôptal Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Olaf Mercier
- Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Vasculaire et Transplantation Cardio-Pulmonaire, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension Pulmonaire Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - David Montani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension Pulmonaire Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de Pneumologie et Soins Intensifs Respiratoires, Centre de Référence de l’Hypertension Pulmonaire, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 « Hypertension Pulmonaire Physiopathologie et Innovation Thérapeutique », Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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Lambert C, Cubedo J, Padró T, Vilahur G, López-Bernal S, Rocha M, Hernández-Mijares A, Badimon L. Effects of a Carob-Pod-Derived Sweetener on Glucose Metabolism. Nutrients 2018; 10:E271. [PMID: 29495516 PMCID: PMC5872689 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a higher incidence of cardiovascular (CV) events. The ingestion of high-glycemic index (GI) diets, specially sweetened beverage consumption, has been associated with the development of T2DM and CV disease. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of the intake of a sweetened beverage, obtained from natural carbohydrates containing pinitol (PEB) compared to a sucrose-enriched beverage (SEB) in the context of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes. METHODS The study was divided in three different phases: (1) a discovery phase where the plasma proteomic profile was investigated by 2-DE (two-dimensional electrophoresis) followed by mass spectrometry (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight-MALDI-TOF/TOF) in healthy and IGT volunteers; (2) a verification phase where the potential mechanisms behind the observed protein changes were investigated in the discovery cohort and in an additional group of T2DM volunteers; and (3) the results were validated in a proof-of-concept interventional study in an animal model of diabetic rats with complementary methodologies. RESULTS Six weeks of pinitol-enriched beverage (PEB) intake induced a significant increase in two proteins involved in the insulin secretion pathway, insulin-like growth factor acid labile subunit (IGF1BP-ALS; 1.3-fold increase; P = 0.200) and complement C4A (1.83-fold increase; P = 0.007) in IGT subjects but not in healthy volunteers. Changes in C4A were also found in the serum samples of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats after four weeks of PEB intake compared to basal levels (P = 0.042). In addition, an increased expression of the glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) gene was observed in the jejunum (P = 0.003) of inositol-supplemented rats when compared to sucrose supplementation. This change was correlated with the observed change in C4A (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the substitution of a common sugar source, such as sucrose, by a naturally-based, pinitol-enriched beverage induces changes in the insulin secretion pathway that could help to reduce blood glucose levels by protecting β-cells and by stimulating the insulin secretion pathway. This mechanism of action could have a relevant role in the prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lambert
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Ciber CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Padró
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Ciber CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Ciber CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sergi López-Bernal
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Milagros Rocha
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Hernández-Mijares
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lina Badimon
- Program ICCC-Cardiovascular Research Center, Institut de Reserca, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Ciber CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
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Liu GJ, Middleton RJ, Kam WWY, Chin DY, Hatty CR, Chan RHY, Banati RB. Functional gains in energy and cell metabolism after TSPO gene insertion. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:436-447. [PMID: 28103132 PMCID: PMC5351937 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1281477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent loss-of-function studies in tissue-specific as well as global Tspo (Translocator Protein 18 kDa) knockout mice have not confirmed its long assumed indispensability for the translocation of cholesterol across the mitochondrial inter-membrane space, a rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis. Instead, recent studies in global Tspo knockout mice indicate that TSPO may play a more fundamental role in cellular bioenergetics, which may include the indirect down-stream regulation of transport or metabolic functions. To examine whether overexpression of the TSPO protein alters the cellular bioenergetic profile, Jurkat cells with low to absent endogenous expression were transfected with a TSPO construct to create a stable cell line with de novo expression of exogenous TSPO protein. Expression of TSPO was confirmed by RT-qPCR, radioligand binding with [3H]PK11195 and immunocytochemistry with a TSPO antibody. We demonstrate that TSPO gene insertion causes increased transcription of genes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Furthermore, TSPO insertion increased mitochondrial ATP production as well as cell excitability, reflected in a decrease in patch clamp recorded rectified K channel currents. These functional changes were accompanied by an increase in cell proliferation and motility, which were inhibited by PK11195, a selective ligand for TSPO. We suggest that TSPO may serve a range of functions that can be viewed as downstream regulatory effects of its primary, evolutionary conserved role in cell metabolism and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Liu
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,b Faculty of Health Science and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Ryan J Middleton
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia
| | - Winnie Wai-Ying Kam
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,c Department of Health Technology and Informatics , Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom, Hong Kong , China
| | - David Y Chin
- d NCRIS Biologics Facility, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland , QLD , Australia
| | - Claire R Hatty
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,b Faculty of Health Science and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Ronald H Y Chan
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,b Faculty of Health Science and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Richard B Banati
- a Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Lucas Heights , NSW , Australia.,b Faculty of Health Science and Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney , NSW , Australia
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Ren B, Tao C, Swan MA, Joachim N, Martiniello-Wilks R, Nassif NT, O'Brien BA, Simpson AM. Pancreatic Transdifferentiation and Glucose-Regulated Production of Human Insulin in the H4IIE Rat Liver Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:534. [PMID: 27070593 PMCID: PMC4848990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the limitations of current treatment regimes, gene therapy is a promising strategy being explored to correct blood glucose concentrations in diabetic patients. In the current study, we used a retroviral vector to deliver either the human insulin gene alone, the rat NeuroD1 gene alone, or the human insulin gene and rat NeuroD1 genes together, to the rat liver cell line, H4IIE, to determine if storage of insulin and pancreatic transdifferentiation occurred. Stable clones were selected and expanded into cell lines: H4IIEins (insulin gene alone), H4IIE/ND (NeuroD1 gene alone), and H4IIEins/ND (insulin and NeuroD1 genes). The H4IIEins cells did not store insulin; however, H4IIE/ND and H4IIEins/ND cells stored 65.5 ± 5.6 and 1475.4 ± 171.8 pmol/insulin/5 × 106 cells, respectively. Additionally, several β cell transcription factors and pancreatic hormones were expressed in both H4IIE/ND and H4IIEins/ND cells. Electron microscopy revealed insulin storage vesicles in the H4IIE/ND and H4IIEins/ND cell lines. Regulated secretion of insulin to glucose (0–20 mmol/L) was seen in the H4IIEins/ND cell line. The H4IIEins/ND cells were transplanted into diabetic immunoincompetent mice, resulting in normalization of blood glucose. This data shows that the expression of NeuroD1 and insulin in liver cells may be a useful strategy for inducing islet neogenesis and reversing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhai Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Chang Tao
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Margaret Anne Swan
- School of Medical Sciences (Anatomy & Histology) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Nichole Joachim
- School of Medical Sciences (Anatomy & Histology) and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rosetta Martiniello-Wilks
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Najah T Nassif
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn A O'Brien
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ann M Simpson
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Health Technologies, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, 2007 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Label-free cell phenotypic profiling decodes the composition and signaling of an endogenous ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4934. [PMID: 24816792 PMCID: PMC4017216 DOI: 10.1038/srep04934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current technologies for studying ion channels are fundamentally limited because of their inability to functionally link ion channel activity to cellular pathways. Herein, we report the use of label-free cell phenotypic profiling to decode the composition and signaling of an endogenous ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel (KATP) in HepG2C3A, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. Label-free cell phenotypic agonist profiling showed that pinacidil triggered characteristically similar dynamic mass redistribution (DMR) signals in A431, A549, HT29 and HepG2C3A, but not in HepG2 cells. Reverse transcriptase PCR, RNAi knockdown, and KATP blocker profiling showed that the pinacidil DMR is due to the activation of SUR2/Kir6.2 KATP channels in HepG2C3A cells. Kinase inhibition and RNAi knockdown showed that the pinacidil activated KATP channels trigger signaling through Rho kinase and Janus kinase-3, and cause actin remodeling. The results are the first demonstration of a label-free methodology to characterize the composition and signaling of an endogenous ATP-sensitive potassium ion channel.
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Olson DE, Thulé PM. Gene transfer to induce insulin production for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2008; 5:967-77. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.9.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darin E Olson
- Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Lipids & Metabolism, USA
| | - Peter M Thulé
- Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Lipids & Metabolism, USA ;
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Hsu PYJ, Kotin RM, Yang YW. Glucose- and Metabolically Regulated Hepatic Insulin Gene Therapy for Diabetes. Pharm Res 2008; 25:1460-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-008-9539-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang R, Qiao H, Zhang H, Wang Y, Yuan H, Liu Q, Liu D, Chen L, Pei X. Generation of insulin-producing cells from PDX-1 gene-modified human mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2007; 211:36-44. [PMID: 17226789 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.20897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Islet cell replacement is considered as the optimal treatment for type I diabetes. However, the availability of human pancreatic islets for transplantation is limited. Here, we show that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) could be induced to differentiate into functional insulin-producing cells by introduction of the pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (PDX-1). Recombinant adenoviral vector was used to deliver PDX-1 gene into hMSCs. After being infected with Ad-PDX-1, hMSCs were successfully induced to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells. The differentiated PDX-1+ hMSCs expressed multiple islet-cell genes including neurogenin3 (Ngn3), insulin, GK, Glut2, and glucagon, produced and released insulin/C-peptide in a weak glucose-regulated manner. After the differentiated PDX-1+ hMSCs were transplanted into STZ-induced diabetic mice, euglycemia can be obtained within 2 weeks and maintained for at least 42 days. These findings validate the hMSCs model system as a potential basis for enrichment of human beta cells or their precursors, and a possible source for cell replacement therapy in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Li
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Beijing, China
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Kaneko T, Yokoyama K, Makita K. Late preconditioning with isoflurane in cultured rat cortical neurones. Br J Anaesth 2005; 95:662-8. [PMID: 16143577 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aei228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane induces late preconditioning in cultured rat cortical neurones and preconditioning elicits changes in expression of Kir6.2 (the ion-conducting subunit of the metabolically responsive ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel) and EAAC1 (neuronal glutamate transporter). METHODS Primary cultures of rat cortical neurones were exposed to non-lethal oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), i.e. ischaemic preconditioning, for 30 min, 100 microM of diazoxide, a potent opener of the mitochondrial K(ATP) (mitoK(ATP)) channels, for 60 min or 1.4% isoflurane for 3 h. Lethal OGD was performed for 120 min 24 h after preconditioning stimuli. Neuronal injury was assessed by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) efflux into the medium 24 h after lethal OGD, and neural viability was determined by proliferation assay. Gene and protein expression was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis 24 h after preconditioning stimuli. RESULTS All preconditioning stimuli resulted in a significant decrease in LDH activity and maintained neuronal viability. These effects were abolished by 5-hydroxydecanoate, a selective inhibitor of the mitoK(ATP) channel. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated that there was no significant difference between Kir6.2 mRNA and protein levels. All preconditioning stimuli resulted in > or =2-fold increases in EAAC1 mRNA and protein compared with control. CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane induced late preconditioning in cultured rat cortical neurones. Ischaemic and pharmacological preconditioning with diazoxide and isoflurane induced ischaemic tolerance in the cultured neurones via mitoK(ATP) channels without an increase in Kir6.2 expression, and induced upregulation of EAAC1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kaneko
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Fuchu Hospital, 2-9-2 Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-0042, Japan.
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Kim YD, Park KG, Morishita R, Kaneda Y, Kim SY, Song DK, Kim HS, Nam CW, Lee HC, Lee KU, Park JY, Kim BW, Kim JG, Lee IK. Liver-directed gene therapy of diabetic rats using an HVJ-E vector containing EBV plasmids expressing insulin and GLUT 2 transporter. Gene Ther 2005; 13:216-24. [PMID: 16177820 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Insulin gene therapy in clinical medicine is currently hampered by the inability to regulate insulin secretion in a physiological manner, the inefficiency with which the gene is delivered, and the short duration of gene expression. To address these issues, we injected the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with hemagglutinating virus of Japan-envelope (HVJ-E) vectors containing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plasmids encoding the genes for insulin and the GLUT 2 transporter. Efficient delivery of the genes was achieved with the HVJ-E vector, and the use of the EBV replicon vector led to prolonged hepatic gene expression. Blood glucose levels were normalized for at least 3 weeks as a result of the gene therapy. Cotransfection of GLUT 2 with insulin permitted the diabetic rats to regulate their blood glucose levels upon exogenous glucose loading in a physiologically appropriate manner and improved postprandial glucose levels. Moreover, cotransfection with insulin and GLUT 2 genes led to in vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that involved the closure of K(ATP) channels. The present study represents a new way to efficiently deliver insulin gene in vivo that is regulated by ambient glucose level with prolonged gene expression. This may provide a basis to overcome limitations of insulin gene therapy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine & Institute for Medical Sciences, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Porter MH, Paveglio SA, Zhang JA, Olson DE, Campbell AG, Thulé PM. Host Cells Reduce Glucose Uptake and Glycogen Deposition in Response to Hepatic Insulin Gene Therapy. J Investig Med 2005; 53:201-12. [PMID: 15974246 DOI: 10.2310/6650.2005.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic insulin gene therapy (HIGT) restores weight gain and near-normal glycemia in rodent models of insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus. However, the effect of transgenic insulin on endogenous genes and recipient cell function is relatively unexplored. To investigate hepatocellular effects of transgenic insulin expression, we evaluated intermediary glucose metabolism in primary cultured hepatocytes treated with HIGT. METHODS Rat hepatocytes were transduced with adenovirus expressing a glucose-responsive human insulin transgene and cultured in high-glucose and high-insulin conditions. We determined glycogen content in cell cultures and intact liver directly. Glycogenolysis was compared using glucose production of cultured cells. Glucose uptake, oxidative, and glycolytic processing were determined by radiotracer analysis or direct end-product assessment. Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to determine expression of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and glucokinase genes. GLUT2 protein abundance was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS HIGT-treated hepatocytes contained significantly less glycogen than either untreated hepatocytes or those treated with an empty virus. Glucose release owing to glycogenolysis remained normal. However, HIGT treatment significantly impaired glucose uptake and processing. Metabolic synthetic processes were not generally inhibited, as indicated by enhanced beta-hydroxybutyrate secretion. While preserving cell viability, HIGT treatment diminished expression of both glucokinase and GLUT2. In HIGT-treated streptozocin-treated diabetic rats, total liver glycogen was intermediate between diabetic animals and normal controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest gene-specific effects in recipient hepatocytes following HIGT treatment and underscore the need for expanded studies examining host cell responses to the transfer of metabolically active transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marty H Porter
- Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolism Section, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
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