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Johnson JR, Martini RN, Yuan YC, Woods-Burnham L, Walker M, Ortiz-Hernandez GL, Kobeissy F, Galloway D, Gaddy A, Oguejiofor C, Allen B, Lewis D, Davis MB, Kimbro KS, Yates CC, Murphy AB, Kittles RA. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 Suppresses Prognostic Survival Biomarkers Associated with Cell Cycle and Actin Organization in a Non-Malignant African American Prostate Cell Line. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:346. [PMID: 38785827 PMCID: PMC11118023 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a steroid hormone that confers anti-tumorigenic properties in prostate cells. Serum vitamin D3 deficiency has been associated with advanced prostate cancer (PCa), particularly affecting African American (AA) men. Therefore, elucidating the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D on signaling pathways, essential to maintaining non-malignancy, may provide additional drug targets to mitigate disparate outcomes for men with PCa, especially AA men. We conducted RNA sequencing on an AA non-malignant prostate cell line, RC-77N/E, comparing untreated cells to those treated with 10 nM of vitamin D3 metabolite, 1α,25(OH)2D3, at 24 h. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 1601 significant genes affected by 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Pathway enrichment analysis predicted 1α,25(OH)2D3- mediated repression of prostate cancer, cell proliferation, actin cytoskeletal, and actin-related signaling pathways (p < 0.05). Prioritizing genes with vitamin D response elements and associating expression levels with overall survival (OS) in The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA PRAD) cohort, we identified ANLN (Anillin) and ECT2 (Epithelial Cell Transforming 2) as potential prognostic PCa biomarkers. Both genes were strongly correlated and significantly downregulated by 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment, where low expression was statistically associated with better overall survival outcomes in the TCGA PRAD public cohort. Increased ANLN and ECT2 mRNA gene expression was significantly associated with PCa, and Gleason scores using both the TCGA cohort (p < 0.05) and an AA non-malignant/tumor-matched cohort. Our findings suggest 1α,25(OH)2D3 regulation of these biomarkers may be significant for PCa prevention. In addition, 1α,25(OH)2D3 could be used as an adjuvant treatment targeting actin cytoskeleton signaling and actin cytoskeleton-related signaling pathways, particularly among AA men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Rachel N. Martini
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Department of Computational Quantitative Medicine, Center for Informatics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Leanne Woods-Burnham
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Mya Walker
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Greisha L. Ortiz-Hernandez
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology, Center for Neurotrauma, Multiomics & Biomarkers (CNMB), Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Dorothy Galloway
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Amani Gaddy
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Chidinma Oguejiofor
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Blake Allen
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Deyana Lewis
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Melissa B. Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Institute of Translational Genomic Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - K. Sean Kimbro
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, & Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Clayton C. Yates
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
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Park SH, Baek SJ, Lee M, Shin HA, Lee HJ, Kim OK, Lee J. Extract mixture of plants (OXYLIA) inhibits fat accumulation by blocking FAS-related factors and promoting lipolysis via cAMP-dependent PKA activation. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10180. [PMID: 38571921 PMCID: PMC10989236 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is characterized by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, leading to the excessive accumulation of triglycerides in adipose tissue. Objective This study investigated the potential of Oxylia to prevent obesity in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Design C57BL/6J mice were fed with one of the following five diets - AIN93G normal diet (normal control), 60% (HFD; control), HFD containing metformin at 40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) (Met; positive control), HFD containing Oxylia at 30 mg/kg b.w. (O30), or HFD containing Oxylia at 60 mg/kg b.w. (O60) - for 15 weeks. Results Mice under an HFD supplemented with Oxylia had decreased body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, and adipose tissue mass. In addition, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, and VLDL/LDL cholesterol levels were lower in the O60 groups than in the HFD-fed control group. Moreover, Oxylia supplementation decreased the expression of adipogenesis-related mRNAs and lipogenesis-related proteins while increasing the expression of lipolysis-related proteins in white adipose tissue and thermogenesis-related proteins in brown adipose tissue. Conclusions These findings suggest that Oxylia has potential as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Hoo Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jung Baek
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Ok-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition and Human Ecology Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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3
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Mostafa EA, Abo Hashish MMA, Ismail NA, Hasanin HM, Hasanin RM, Wahby AA, Ashmawy I, Abd El Aziz SH, Wahed MMA. Assessment of vitamin D status and vitamin D receptor polymorphism in Egyptian children with Type 1 diabetes. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100343. [PMID: 38494252 PMCID: PMC10980865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocrine system of vitamin D regulates about 3 % of the human genome. Vitamin D exerts its actions via a nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR) which in turn regulates insulin secretion from the pancreas. VDR gene polymorphisms could have an impact on how autoimmune illnesses like Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) develop. We aimed to explore the relation between T1DM and VDR gene polymorphisms in Egyptian diabetic children and their siblings. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify 25(OH) vitamin D in the study, which had 179 participants (group 1 = 85 diabetic children, group 2 = 57 siblings of the patients, group 3 = 37 healthy controls). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the genotyping of the VDR gene polymorphisms Apa-I (rs7975232), Fok-I (rs2228570), Taq-I (rs731236) and Bsm-I (rs1544410). RESULTS The mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels was significantly lower in T1DM patients (14.99 ± 9.24 ng/mL) and siblings (16.31 ± 7.96 ng/mL) compared to the controls (19.48 ± 7.42 ng/mL) (p = 0.031). The genotypes distribution of VDR Fok-I (rs2228570) and Bsm-I (rs1544410) polymorphisms showed a significant difference between patients, siblings and controls as P = 0.001 and 0.026 respectively, while the VDR ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms did not. FokI-A allele frequency was significantly lower in T1DM patients and siblings than in controls (p < 0.001). FokI-AA genotype had a statistical significant higher vitamin D levels than other genotypes with p value of 0.024. CONCLUSION Our study found that T1DM children had lower vitamin D levels, and VDR FokI and BsmI gene polymorphisms were linked to T1DM in Egyptian children. Determining the relationship between vitamin D levels and VDR polymorphisms, particularly the FokI and other genetic analyses may aid in the early diagnosis of T1DM in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Mostafa
- Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center, Affiliation ID: 60014618, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha M A Abo Hashish
- Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center, Affiliation ID: 60014618, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa Abdallah Ismail
- Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center, Affiliation ID: 60014618, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hasanin M Hasanin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center, Affiliation ID: 60014618, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Hasanin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Research Center, Affiliation ID: 60014618, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Ahmed Wahby
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Center, Affiliation ID: 60014618, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ingy Ashmawy
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Center, Affiliation ID: 60014618, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Hamdy Abd El Aziz
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Center, Affiliation ID: 60014618, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mai Magdy Abdel Wahed
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Research Center, Affiliation ID: 60014618, Cairo, Egypt
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Lu S, Cao ZB. Interplay between Vitamin D and Adipose Tissue: Implications for Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Function. Nutrients 2023; 15:4832. [PMID: 38004226 PMCID: PMC10675652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue encompasses various types, including White Adipose Tissue (WAT), Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), and beige adipose tissue, each having distinct roles in energy storage and thermogenesis. Vitamin D (VD), a fat-soluble vitamin, maintains a complex interplay with adipose tissue, exerting significant effects through its receptor (VDR) on the normal development and functioning of adipocytes. The VDR and associated metabolic enzymes are widely expressed in the adipocytes of both rodents and humans, and they partake in the regulation of fat metabolism and functionality through various pathways. These encompass adipocyte differentiation, adipogenesis, inflammatory responses, and adipokine synthesis and secretion. This review primarily appraises the role and mechanisms of VD in different adipocyte differentiation, lipid formation, and inflammatory responses, concentrating on the pivotal role of the VD/VDR pathway in adipogenesis. This insight furnishes new perspectives for the development of micronutrient-related intervention strategies in the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhen-Bo Cao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China;
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5
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Heden TD, Franklin MP, Dailey C, Mashek MT, Chen C, Mashek DG. ACOT1 deficiency attenuates high-fat diet-induced fat mass gain by increasing energy expenditure. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e160987. [PMID: 37561578 PMCID: PMC10561717 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyl-CoA thioesterase 1 (ACOT1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of long-chain acyl-CoAs to free fatty acids and CoA and is typically upregulated in obesity. Whether targeting ACOT1 in the setting of high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) obesity would be metabolically beneficial is not known. Here we report that male and female ACOT1KO mice are partially protected from HFD-induced obesity, an effect associated with increased energy expenditure without alterations in physical activity or food intake. In males, ACOT1 deficiency increased mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) protein abundance while reducing 4-hydroxynonenal, a marker of oxidative stress, in white adipose tissue and liver of HFD-fed mice. Moreover, concurrent knockdown (KD) of UCP2 with ACOT1 in hepatocytes prevented increases in oxygen consumption observed with ACOT1 KD during high lipid loading, suggesting that UCP2-induced uncoupling may increase energy expenditure to attenuate weight gain. Together, these data indicate that targeting ACOT1 may be effective for obesity prevention during caloric excess by increasing energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D. Heden
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Christina Dailey
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
| | - Mara T. Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
| | - Douglas G. Mashek
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics and
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Mohammed AA, El-Matty DMA, Abdel-Azeem R, Raafat K, Hussein MA, El-Ansary AR, Hafez W, Hassan HA, Nassar NA, Selim NM, Ghaith D, Kholy AAE, Abd El Salam SM, Anouti FA, Wahba AS. Allelic Discrimination of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Controlled Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11040485. [PMID: 36833019 PMCID: PMC9956945 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the rapidly growing healthcare problems, and several vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms seem to modulate the risk of T2DM. Our research was designed to investigate the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphisms and T2DM occurrence risk. (2) Methods: This case-control research included 156 patients with T2DM and 145 healthy control subjects. Most of the study population were males 56.6% vs. 62.8% in the case and control groups, respectively. Genotyping for VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs228570 (Fok1), rs7975232 (Apa1), and rs1544410 (Bsm1) was compared between both groups. (3) Results: There was a negative link between vitamin D levels and insulin sensitivity. A significant difference was noted in the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphism rs228570 and rs1544410 between the study groups (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in the allelic discrimination of VDR polymorphism rs7975232 between the groups (p = 0.063). Moreover, T2DM patients had significantly higher levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, 2-h post-prandial blood sugar (PP), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), total cholesterol, and triglycerides (p < 0.001), while High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly decreased (p = 0.006). (4) Conclusions: VDR polymorphisms had a positive association with T2DM risk among the Egyptian population. Further large-scale research using deep sequencing of samples is strongly urged to investigate different vitamin D gene variants and interactions, as well as the influence of vitamin D on T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ahmed Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute (NHTMRI), Cairo 11796, Egypt
| | - Dina M. Abo El-Matty
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Rola Abdel-Azeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Khaled Raafat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo11566, Egypt
| | - Mona A. Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Amira R. El-Ansary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12577, Egypt
| | - Wael Hafez
- Department of Internal Medicine, The National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-9712235000
| | - Hatem Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | | | - Nora Mahmoud Selim
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Doaa Ghaith
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Amal A. El Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Soha M. Abd El Salam
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez University, Suez 43512, Egypt
| | - Fatme Al Anouti
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa S. Wahba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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7
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Kim DH, Kim HJ, Seong JK. UCP2 KO mice exhibit ameliorated obesity and inflammation induced by high-fat diet feeding. BMB Rep 2022. [PMID: 35725013 PMCID: PMC9623237 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2022.55.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 2 (Ucp2) was first introduced as a member of Uncoupling protein family and a regulator of ROS formation; however, its role in adipose tissue is not fully understood. In the present study, we have investigated the role of Ucp2 against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Diet-induced obesity is closely related to macrophage infiltration and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages surround adipocytes and form a crown-like-structure (CLS). Some reports have suggested that CLS formation requires adipocyte apoptosis. After 12 weeks of HFD challenge, Ucp2 knockout (KO) mice maintained relatively lean phenotypes compared to wild-type (WT) mice. In eWAT, macrophage infiltration, CLS formation, and inflammatory cytokines were reduced in HFD KO mice compared to HFD WT mice. Surprisingly, we found that apoptotic signals were also reduced in the Ucp2 KO mice. Our study suggests that Ucp2 deficiency may prevent diet-induced obesity by regulating adipocyte apoptosis. However, Ucp2 deficiency did not affect the browning capacity of iWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Corresponding author. Tel: +82-2-885-8395; Fax: +82-2-885-8397; E-mail:
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8
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Bae JH, Choe HJ, Holick MF, Lim S. Association of vitamin D status with COVID-19 and its severity : Vitamin D and COVID-19: a narrative review. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2022; 23:579-599. [PMID: 34982377 PMCID: PMC8724612 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09705-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is associated with biological activities of the innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as inflammation. In observational studies, an inverse relationship has been found between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and the risk or severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several mechanisms have been proposed for the role of vitamin D in COVID-19, including modulation of immune and inflammatory responses, regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and involvement in glucose metabolism and cardiovascular system. Low 25(OH)D concentrations might predispose patients with COVID-19 to severe outcomes not only via the associated hyperinflammatory syndrome but also by worsening preexisting impaired glucose metabolism and cardiovascular diseases. Some randomized controlled trials have shown that vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA positivity but not for reducing intensive care unit admission or all-cause mortality in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Current evidence suggests that taking a vitamin D supplement to maintain a serum concentration of 25(OH)D of at least 30 ng/mL (preferred range 40-60 ng/mL), can help reduce the risk of COVID-19 and its severe outcomes, including mortality. Although further well designed studies are warranted, it is prudent to recommend vitamin D supplements to people with vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic according to international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Bae
- grid.411134.20000 0004 0474 0479Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hun Jee Choe
- grid.412484.f0000 0001 0302 820XDepartment of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael F. Holick
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management, Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Campus, 715 Albany St #437, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Soo Lim
- grid.412480.b0000 0004 0647 3378Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, 13620 South Korea
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Gao YX, Zhang J, Man Q, Li Y, Jia S. The association between vitamin D levels and metabolic syndrome components among metropolitan adolescent population. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2022; 35:55-63. [PMID: 34757705 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D promotes both lipolysis and lipogenesis, and some pediatric studies showed inconsistent associations between vitamin D and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between vitamin D levels and MetS components among metropolitan adolescents. METHODS A total of 4,149 adolescents aged 10-18 years were recruited from 23 metropolises in China. The MetS conditions were assessed according to the International Diabetes Federation consensus definition, and the serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were analyzed. The association between MetS components and serum 25(OH)D levels was analyzed by the logistic regression model. Restricted cubic spline was applied to the model nonlinear association. RESULTS Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 74.9%, and 41.2% of study participants had at least one MetS component. After adjustment, the significant trend for a lower waist-to-height ratio was not observed in study participants with higher serum 25(OH)D quartile (p=0.57), but a significant nonlinear association between abdominal obesity and serum 25(OH)D levels was found (p=0.04): the highest risk of abdominal obesity occurred at 14.1 ng/mL of serum 25(OH)D. The association of serum 25(OH)D was significantly inverse with MetS (OR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.92-0.98), but not with raised triglycerides (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.96-1.01), raised blood pressure (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97-1.01) and impaired fasting glycemia (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01-1.04). CONCLUSIONS The net effect of vitamin D on lipid metabolism may be concentration-dependent, and the actual effect of vitamin D on MetS process may be complex among metropolitan adolescents, though serum 25(OH)D is inversely associated with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiong Gao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
| | - Qingqing Man
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
| | - Yuqian Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Peking, China
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Szymczak-Pajor I, Miazek K, Selmi A, Balcerczyk A, Śliwińska A. The Action of Vitamin D in Adipose Tissue: Is There the Link between Vitamin D Deficiency and Adipose Tissue-Related Metabolic Disorders? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:956. [PMID: 35055140 PMCID: PMC8779075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in systemic metabolism via the secretion of adipocytokines and storing and releasing energy. In obesity, adipose tissue becomes dysfunctional and characterized by hypertrophied adipocytes, increased inflammation, hypoxia, and decreased angiogenesis. Although adipose tissue is one of the major stores of vitamin D, its deficiency is detective in obese subjects. In the presented review, we show how vitamin D regulates numerous processes in adipose tissue and how their dysregulation leads to metabolic disorders. The molecular response to vitamin D in adipose tissue affects not only energy metabolism and adipokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine production via the regulation of gene expression but also genes participating in antioxidant defense, adipocytes differentiation, and apoptosis. Thus, its deficiency disturbs adipocytokines secretion, metabolism, lipid storage, adipogenesis, thermogenesis, the regulation of inflammation, and oxidative stress balance. Restoring the proper functionality of adipose tissue in overweight or obese subjects is of particular importance in order to reduce the risk of developing obesity-related complications, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Taking into account the results of experimental studies, it seemed that vitamin D may be a remedy for adipose tissue dysfunction, but the results of the clinical trials are not consistent, as some of them show improvement and others no effect of this vitamin on metabolic and insulin resistance parameters. Therefore, further studies are required to evaluate the beneficial effects of vitamin D, especially in overweight and obese subjects, due to the presence of a volumetric dilution of this vitamin among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Krystian Miazek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, 15 Wroblewskiego, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Selmi
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Aneta Balcerczyk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
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11
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An HJ, Seo YG. Differences in Fat-Free Mass According to Serum Vitamin D Level and Calcium Intake: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10225428. [PMID: 34830710 PMCID: PMC8623334 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10225428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the differences in fat-free mass (FFM) according to serum vitamin D level (VitD) and daily calcium intake (Ca) in 14,444 adults aged over 19 years. We used data from the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008–2011). FFM was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VitD was classified as insufficient or sufficient (cutoff: 20 ng/mL). Ca was classified as unsatisfactory or satisfactory (recommended daily intake: 700 mg). In men, the FFM of group 2 (VitD ≥ 20 ng/mL; Ca < 700 mg), group 3 (VitD < 20 ng/mL; Ca ≥ 700 mg) and group 4 (VitD ≥ 20 ng/mL; Ca ≥ 700 mg) was 0.50 kg (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.084–0.92), 0.78 kg (95% CI, 0.26–1.29) and 1.58 kg (95% CI, 0.95–2.21) higher than that of group 1 (VitD < 20 ng/mL; Ca < 700 mg), respectively. In women, a 1 ng/mL increase in VitD was associated with a 0.023 kg increase in FFM (95% CI, 0.003–0.043) and a 1 g increase in Ca was associated with a 0.62 kg increase in FFM (95% CI, 0.067–1.16). High VitD and Ca were associated with a high FFM.
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12
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Amiri M, Rostami M, Bidhendi-Yarandi R, Fallahzadeh A, Simbar M, Ramezani Tehrani F. Relationship between vitamin D status in the first trimester of the pregnancy and gestational weight gain: a mediation analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 305:495-504. [PMID: 34333703 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06163-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the total, and direct effects of vitamin D, measured by circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, on GWG after adjustment for confounding variables, and then assess the indirect effects by demonstrating the role of gestational age at birth as a mediator in this association. METHODS Data collected in "Khuzestan Vitamin D Deficiency Screening Program in Pregnancy" were used for the present study; it included the data of 900 pregnant women referred to the health centers of Shushtar (Khuzestan Province, Iran), whose vitamin D status during the third trimester of pregnancy was available. A mediation analysis was applied to detect the causal relationship between serum level of 25(OH)D, covariates (maternal age, parity, education level, and baseline maternal weight), mediator (gestational age), and outcome (GWG). RESULTS Of 900 pregnant women referred to the health centers, a total of 726 eligible participants were analyzed for the study. The adjusted total effect of vitamin D on GWG was estimated 0.07 (95% CI 0.06, 0.09; P = 0.000). This study also revealed adjusted direct effect of vitamin D on GWG was statistically significant 0.02 (95% CI: 0.003, 0.04; P = 0.021). In addition, the adjusted indirect effect of this micronutrient on GWG by considering gestational age as a mediator was found to be significant [0.05 (95% CI 0.04, 0.06; P = 0.000)]. This study revealed an increase in the trend of weight gain during pregnancy trimesters for women with different levels of 25(OH)D; however, women with severe vitamin D deficiency had the lowest speed as compared to moderate and normal levels. CONCLUSION This study shows that maternal vitamin D status directly affects the gestational weight gain independent of gestational age. Therefore, the detection and treatment of women with vitamin D inadequacy can directly improve the trend of their weight gain in addition to its indirect effect on reducing the risk of preterm delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Amiri
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvane Street, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rostami
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Razieh Bidhendi-Yarandi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Fallahzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Simbar
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 24, Parvane Street, Yaman Street, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Endocrine role of bone in the regulation of energy metabolism. Bone Res 2021; 9:25. [PMID: 34016950 PMCID: PMC8137703 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mainly functions as a supportive framework for the whole body and is the major regulator of calcium homeostasis and hematopoietic function. Recently, an increasing number of studies have characterized the significance of bone as an endocrine organ, suggesting that bone-derived factors regulate local bone metabolism and metabolic functions. In addition, these factors can regulate global energy homeostasis by altering insulin sensitivity, feeding behavior, and adipocyte commitment. These findings may provide a new pathological mechanism for related metabolic diseases or be used in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. In this review, we summarize the regulatory effect of bone and bone-derived factors on energy metabolism and discuss directions for future research.
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Salehpour A, Hedayati M, Shidfar F, Neshatbini Tehrani A, Farshad AA, Mohammadi S. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates adipogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells dose-dependently. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18:29. [PMID: 33712053 PMCID: PMC7953614 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-021-00561-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may regulate adipogenesis in adipocytes in-vitro, but little is known about possible molecular mechanisms related to the inhibitory effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on adipogenesis in humans҆ adipose tissue. Methodology In this study, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) were cultured for 14 days in adipogenic differentiation media containing concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (10−10–10−8 M). The extent of adipogenic differentiation in ASCs was assessed by Oil Red O staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine expression levels of key adipogenic markers. Results Our results showed that vitamin D receptor (VDR), as a mediator of most actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, glucose trasporter-4 (GLUT4),and fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) was expressed in vitamin D-treated hASCs. However, the protein level of these markers was lower than the control group. Treatment of human preadipocytes with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 significantly altered expression of adipogenic markers and triglyceride accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 at concentration of 10−8 M enhanced expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ), a mitotic clonal expansion, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ), fatty acid synthase (FASN), a marker of de novo lipogenesis,and lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Conclusion Our findings revealed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 may provoke adipocyte development in critical periods of adipogenesis at concentration of 10−8 M, thereby leading to a greater risk of obesity in adulthood and an augmented risk of obesity-related diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Salehpour
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 2nd Floor, Number 24, Parvaneh Street, Yemen Street, Chamran Exp, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Neshatbini Tehrani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedical, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Farshad
- Occupational Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Department of Biostatics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Garfein J, Flannagan KS, Gahagan S, Burrows R, Lozoff B, Villamor E. Vitamin D status in infancy and cardiometabolic health in adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 113:104-112. [PMID: 33021621 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is associated with obesity-related conditions, but the role of early life vitamin D status on the development of obesity is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES We assessed whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] at age 1 y was related to metabolic health through adolescence. METHODS We quantified serum 25(OH)D in samples obtained at age 1 y from 306 participants in a cohort study in Santiago, Chile. Anthropometry was performed at ages 5, 10, and 16/17 y. At 16/17 y, we determined body composition using DXA and quantified metabolic parameters in a blood sample. We examined the associations of infancy 25(OH)D with BMI-for-age z-score (BMIZ) at ages 5, 10, and 16/17 y; with percentage fat and percentage lean body mass at age 16/17 y; and with a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score and its components at age 16/17 y. RESULTS Infancy 25(OH)D was inversely associated with BMIZ in childhood. Every 25-nmol/L difference in 25(OH)D was related to an adjusted 0.11 units lower BMIZ at age 5 y (95% CI: -0.20, -0.03; P = 0.01) and a 0.09 unit lower BMIZ change from ages 1 to 5 y (95% CI: -0.17, -0.01; P = 0.02). Also, every 25-nmol/L 25(OH)D in infancy was associated with an adjusted 1.3 points lower percentage body fat mass (95% CI: -2.2, -0.4; P = 0.005) and an adjusted 0.03 units lower MetS score (95% CI: -0.05, -0.01; P = 0.01) at age 16/17 y, through inverse associations with waist circumference and the HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Serum 25(OH)D at age 1 y is inversely associated with childhood BMIZ, percentage body fat at age 16/17 y, and a MetS score at age 16/17 y. Intervention studies are warranted to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation in early life on long-term cardiometabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Garfein
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kerry S Flannagan
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Division of Child Development and Community Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Raquel Burrows
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Hong JY, Lee JS, Woo HW, Om AS, Kwock CK, Kim MK. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on calcium supplements and dairy products for changes in body weight and obesity indices. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:615-631. [PMID: 33292017 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1856794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis was performed to investigate whether calcium supplements and dairy products change obesity indices including fat mass. Original articles published in English between July 2009 and August 2019 were identified. Ten and 14 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with ≥ 12 weeks interventions of calcium supplements and dairy products among overweight or obese adults aged ≥18 were critically reviewed. Mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using a random effect meta-analysis. Dairy products significantly changed fat mass (SMD, 95% CI; -0.40 [-0.77, -0.02]) and BMI (MD, 95% CI: -0.46 kg/m2 [-0.67, -0.26]), and calcium supplements also showed changes in fat mass (SMD, 95% CI; -0.15[-0.28, -0.02]). However, in the analysis of RCTs with low risk of bias scores, the significant changes remained only in the dairy-products intervention. Our findings suggest that dairy products without distinction of fat percentage may help reduce fat mass and BMI, but calcium supplements may not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yeon Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Won Woo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae Son Om
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Mi Kyung Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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17
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The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186644. [PMID: 32932777 PMCID: PMC7554927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and related diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it is generally accepted that vitamin D is a regulator of bone homeostasis, its ability to counteract insulin resistance is subject to debate. The goal of this communication is to review the molecular mechanism by which vitamin D reduces insulin resistance and related complications. The university library, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies to be summarized in this review article. Insulin resistance is accompanied by chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exhibits indirect antioxidative properties and participates in the maintenance of normal resting ROS level. Appealingly, vitamin D reduces inflammation and regulates Ca2+ level in many cell types. Therefore, the beneficial actions of vitamin D include diminished insulin resistance which is observed as an improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues.
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18
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19
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Sochol KM, Johns TS, Buttar RS, Randhawa L, Sanchez E, Gal M, Lestrade K, Merzkani M, Abramowitz MK, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Melamed ML. The Effects of Dairy Intake on Insulin Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092237. [PMID: 31533272 PMCID: PMC6769921 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased in the US over the last several years. The consumption of low-fat dairy foods has been linked with decreasing the risk of DM but studies have yet to show a clear correlation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of dairy intake on homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), waist circumference, and body weight. In MEDLINE and Embase, we identified and reviewed 49 relevant RCTs: 30 had appropriate data format for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Using the Review Manager 5 software, we calculated the pooled standardized mean differences comparing dairy dietary interventions to control for our outcomes of interest. For HOMA-IR (794 individuals), we found a mean difference of −1.21 (95% CI −1.74 to −0.67; p-value < 0.00001; I2 = 92%). For waist circumference (1348 individuals), the mean difference was −1.09 cm (95% CI 1.68 to −0.58; p-value < 0.00001; I2 = 94%). For body weight (2362 individuals), the dairy intake intervention group weighed 0.42 kg less than control (p-value < 0.00001; I2 = 92%). Our findings suggest that dairy intake, especially low-fat dairy products, has a beneficial effect on HOMA-IR, waist circumference, and body weight. This could impact dietary recommendations to reduce DM risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Sochol
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Tanya S Johns
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Rupinder S Buttar
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Lovepreet Randhawa
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Edeline Sanchez
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Maya Gal
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Katherine Lestrade
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Massini Merzkani
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Matthew K Abramowitz
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Michal L Melamed
- Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Szymczak-Pajor I, Śliwińska A. Analysis of Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients 2019; 11:E794. [PMID: 30959886 PMCID: PMC6520736 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence revealed extra skeleton activity of vitamin D, including prevention from cardiometabolic diseases and cancer development as well as anti-inflammatory properties. It is worth noting that vitamin D deficiency is very common and may be associated with the pathogenesis of insulin-resistance-related diseases, including obesity and diabetes. This review aims to provide molecular mechanisms showing how vitamin D deficiency may be involved in the insulin resistance formation. The PUBMED database and published reference lists were searched to find studies published between 1980 and 2019. It was identified that molecular action of vitamin D is involved in maintaining the normal resting levels of ROS and Ca2+, not only in pancreatic β-cells, but also in insulin responsive tissues. Both genomic and non-genomic action of vitamin D is directed towards insulin signaling. Thereby, vitamin D reduces the extent of pathologies associated with insulin resistance such as oxidative stress and inflammation. More recently, it was also shown that vitamin D prevents epigenetic alterations associated with insulin resistance and diabetes. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is one of the factors accelerating insulin resistance formation. The results of basic and clinical research support beneficial action of vitamin D in the reduction of insulin resistance and related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska, 92-213 Lodz, Poland.
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21
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Chi Y, Li J, Li N, Chen Z, Ma L, Peng W, Pan X, Li M, Yu W, He X, Geng B, Cui Q, Liu Y, Yang J. FAM3A enhances adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes via activation of ATP-P2 receptor-Akt signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 8:45862-45873. [PMID: 28515350 PMCID: PMC5542233 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
FAM3A plays important roles in regulating hepatic glucose/lipid metabolism and the proliferation of VSMCs. This study determined the role and mechanism of FAM3A in the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. During the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, FAM3A expression was significantly increased. FAM3A overexpression enhanced 3T3-L1 preadipocyte adipogenesis with increased phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) level, whereas FAM3A silencing inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte adipogenesis with reduced pAkt level. Moreover, FAM3A silencing reduced the expression and secretion of adipokines in 3T3-L1 cells. FAM3A protein is mainly located in mitochondrial fraction of 3T3-L1 cells and mouse adipose tissue. FAM3A overexpression increased, whereas FAM3A silencing decreased ATP production in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. FAM3A-induced adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was blunted by inhibitor of P2 receptor. In white adipose tissues of db/db and HFD-fed obese mice, FAM3A expression was reduced. One-month rosiglitazone administration upregulated FAM3A expression, and increased cellular ATP content and pAkt level in white adipose tissues of normal and obese mice. In conclusion, FAM3A enhances the adipogenesis of preadipocytes by activating ATP-P2 receptor-Akt pathway. Under obese condition, a decrease in FAM3A expression in adipose tissues plays important roles in the development of adipose dysfunction and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Chi
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liping Ma
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Weikang Peng
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiuying Pan
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Weidong Yu
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiangjun He
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology & Central Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jichun Yang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science of the Ministry of Education, Center for Non-coding RNA Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
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Marwaha RK, Garg MK, Mahalle N, Bhadra K, Tandon N. Role of Parathyroid Hormone in Determination of Fat Mass in Patients with Vitamin D Deficiency. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2017; 21:848-853. [PMID: 29285447 PMCID: PMC5729672 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_42_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a global epidemic and it is rising is Asia. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is widely prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. Studies have linked VDD to obesity and shown correlation between parathyroid hormone (PTH), 25-hydroxy Vitamin D (25(OH)D), and fat mass (FM). However, studies on the role of PTH among subjects with VDD are lacking. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to study the role of PTH in the determination of FM in participants with VDD. SUBJECTS Five hundred and fifty-one adults (m:247, f:304) were included in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total and regional (trunk, arm, and leg) FM was assessed by dual X-ray absorptometry. Biochemical and hormonal parameters such as calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, ionic calcium, 25(OH)D, and PTH were also analyzed. RESULTS The mean age of the study population was 58.8 ± 15.8 years (Male: [63.3 ± 13.1], Female: [55.2 ± 16.9]). FM and body mass index were significantly lower in females with higher levels of serum 25(OH)D. Total FM was negatively correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r = -0.363, P < 0.0001) and positively correlated with serum PTH (r: 0.262, P < 0.0001) in females only. Females with VDD and secondary hyperparathyroidism had higher FM than those with normal PTH. CONCLUSIONS Females with VDD had higher total and regional FM. However, this correlation was evident only in those with high serum PTH levels, suggesting a potential role of PTH in the accumulation of FM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. K. Garg
- Departmemt of Endocrinology, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Namita Mahalle
- Department of Pathology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kuntal Bhadra
- Department of Endocrinology, Thyroid Research Centre, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Xia Z, Hu Y, Han Z, Gao Y, Bai J, He Y, Zhao H, Zhang H. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with diabetic dyslipidemia in the elderly male population in North China. Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1673-1679. [PMID: 29066872 PMCID: PMC5644535 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s145700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of dyslipidemia is rising alarmingly in elderly Han Chinese male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The genetic factors that contribute to the development of diabetic dyslipidemia remain incompletely identified. This study was conducted to assess the association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and development of dyslipidemia in the Han elderly male population with T2DM in North China. Methods A total of 242 T2DM patients with dyslipidemia (DH group, n=108) or without dyslipidemia (DO group, n=134) and 100 controls were genotyped for ApaI, TaqI and FokI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing. The frequency and distribution of the SNPs were compared between cases and controls. Results The distribution of genotypes of VDR-FokI was significantly different between the control and DM group (P=0.033), as well as between the control and DH subgroup (P=0.011) but not DO subgroup (P=0.111). The frequency of C allele and CC genotype of FokI was significantly higher in the DH patients than in the controls (P=0.015 and P=0.003, respectively). Logistic regression analysis in a dominant model homozygous for the C allele of the FokI SNP showed that CC genotype was associated with DH patients (OR =1.797, 95% CI: 1.077–2.999, P=0.025). Significant associations of the ApaI and TaqI SNPs with either DO or DH subjects were not observed. Conclusion These findings suggest that CC genotype of VDR-FokI is a risk factor for T2DM patients with dyslipidemia in elderly males in North China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xia
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Normal Aging and Geriatrics
| | - Yazhuo Hu
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Normal Aging and Geriatrics
| | - Zhitao Han
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Normal Aging and Geriatrics
| | - Ya Gao
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Normal Aging and Geriatrics
| | - Jie Bai
- Cinical Laboratory in South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, China
| | - Yao He
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Normal Aging and Geriatrics
| | - Hua Zhao
- Zhantansi Outpatient Department, Chinese PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Honghong Zhang
- Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Normal Aging and Geriatrics
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Savastano S, Barrea L, Savanelli MC, Nappi F, Di Somma C, Orio F, Colao A. Low vitamin D status and obesity: Role of nutritionist. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2017; 18:215-225. [PMID: 28229265 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Low vitamin D status and obesity have concomitantly reached epidemic levels worldwide. Up to now the direction of the association between low vitamin D status and obesity, the exact mechanisms responsible for this association and the clinical usefulness to increase vitamin D status for reducing adiposity still warrant further evaluation. The aim of the present review was to examine the current evidence linking low vitamin D status and obesity in relation to the role of the nutritionist. On the one side, considering obesity as a causal factor, low sun exposure in obese individuals due to their sedentary lifestyle and less outdoor activity, vitamin D sequestration in adipose tissue, and volumetric dilution of ingested or cutaneously synthesized vitamin D3 in the large fat mass of obese patients, might represent some of the factors playing a major role in the pathogenesis of the low vitamin D status. On the other side, the expression of both vitamin D3 receptors and enzymes responsible for vitamin D3 metabolism in adipocytes depicted a role for the low vitamin D status per se in the development of obesity by modulating adipocyte differentiation and lipid metabolism. Nutritionists need to accurately address the aspects influencing the low vitamin D status in obesity and the vitamin D supplementation in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Savastano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Barrea
- I.O.S. & COLEMAN Srl, 80011 Acerra, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, "Parthenope" University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Vitamin D deficiency and diabetes. Biochem J 2017; 474:1321-1332. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to the onset of diabetes. This review summarizes the role of Vitamin D in maintaining the normal release of insulin by the pancreatic beta cells (β-cells). Diabetes is initiated by the onset of insulin resistance. The β-cells can overcome this resistance by releasing more insulin, thus preventing hyperglycaemia. However, as this hyperactivity increases, the β-cells experience excessive Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling that results in cell death and the onset of diabetes. Vitamin D deficiency contributes to both the initial insulin resistance and the subsequent onset of diabetes caused by β-cell death. Vitamin D acts to reduce inflammation, which is a major process in inducing insulin resistance. Vitamin D maintains the normal resting levels of both Ca2+ and ROS that are elevated in the β-cells during diabetes. Vitamin D also has a very significant role in maintaining the epigenome. Epigenetic alterations are a feature of diabetes by which many diabetes-related genes are inactivated by hypermethylation. Vitamin D acts to prevent such hypermethylation by increasing the expression of the DNA demethylases that prevent hypermethylation of multiple gene promoter regions of many diabetes-related genes. What is remarkable is just how many cellular processes are maintained by Vitamin D. When Vitamin D is deficient, many of these processes begin to decline and this sets the stage for the onset of diseases such as diabetes.
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Abbas MA. Physiological functions of Vitamin D in adipose tissue. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:369-381. [PMID: 27520301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has long been identified as the major site of vitamin D storage. Recent studies have demonstrated that VDR and vitamin D metabolizing enzymes are expressed in adipocytes. Furthermore, it has been shown that vitamin D regulates adipogenic gene expression as well as adipocyte apoptosis. Vitamin D is active in adipocytes at all levels. It interacts with membrane receptors, adaptor molecules, and nuclear coregulator proteins. Several functions of unliganded nVDR were discovered by studying human samples from patients having hereditary vitamin D resistant rickets, transgenic mice overexpressing the VDR and VDR knockout mice. Through its genomic action, vitamin D participates in the regulation of energy metabolism by controlling the expression of uncoupling proteins. In vitro, vitamin D stimulates lipogenesis and inhibits lipolysis by interacting with mVDR. mVDR is present in caveolae of the plasma membrane and is the same as the classic nVDR. In addition, vitamin D affects directly the expression of the appetite regulating hormone, leptin. Some researchers reported also that vitamin D regulates the expression of the insulin sensitizing hormone, adiponectin. Vitamin D reduced cytokine release and adipose tissue inflammation through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling. Scientific research investigating the role of adipose tissue resident immune cells in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated inflammation is scarce. Obesity is associated with vitamin D deficiency. However there is no scientific evidence to prove that vitamin D deficiency predispose to obesity. Vitamin D supplementation may prevent obesity but it does not lead to weight loss in obese subjects.
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Tabatabaei N, Rodd CJ, Kremer R, Weiler HA. High vitamin D status before conception, but not during pregnancy, is inversely associated with maternal gestational diabetes mellitus in guinea pigs. J Nutr 2014; 144:1994-2001. [PMID: 25342700 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.197814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether there is a dose-dependent effect of maternal dietary cholecalciferol during pregnancy on maternal glucose tolerance is unknown. In addition, circulating osteocalcin is increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and may improve glucose homeostasis. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to test whether dietary cholecalciferol during pregnancy dose-dependently affects maternal glucose tolerance and maternal and neonatal glucose concentrations in relation to plasma osteocalcin and body composition. METHODS Female guinea pigs (n = 45; 4 mo old) were randomly assigned to 5 doses of cholecalciferol (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, or 2 IU/g diet) fed from mating to delivery. Plasma vitamin D metabolites, minerals, and osteocalcin, and blood glucose were measured before mating, at midgestation (day 42), and at day 2 postpartum in sows and in 2-d-old pups. At day 50 of pregnancy (early third trimester), a 3-h oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) (2 g/kg) was conducted. Body composition was measured before mating and at day 2 postpartum in sows and in pups. RESULTS A positive dose-response to dietary cholecalciferol was observed for change in maternal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] through pregnancy (P < 0.0001), with 1,25(OH)2D increasing by 198% in the 1-IU/g group by midgestation vs. a reduction of 43.6% in the 0-IU/g group (P = 0.05). Twenty-four (54.5%) sows had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the basis of nonfed glucose and 39 (88.6%) had GDM on the basis of 2-h OGTT glucose concentrations. There were no group differences in maternal OGTT or changes in glucose, minerals, osteocalcin concentrations, and body composition. Pre-mating 25(OH)D was inversely related to 3-h area under the curve for blood glucose from the OGTT (r = -0.31, P = 0.05). In guinea pig pups, although both 25(OH)D (P < 0.0001) and 1,25(OH)2D (P < 0.0001) followed a dose-response to maternal diet, glucose, osteocalcin, minerals, and body composition were not altered. CONCLUSIONS Dietary vitamin D intake during pregnancy in guinea pigs does not affect the already high rate of GDM, whereas higher prepregnancy vitamin D status appears to be protective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Tabatabaei
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada
| | - Celia J Rodd
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and
| | - Richard Kremer
- Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Calcium Research Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hope A Weiler
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada;
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Dunn TN, Keenan AH, Thomas AP, Newman JW, Adams SH. A diet containing a nonfat dry milk matrix significantly alters systemic oxylipins and the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:24. [PMID: 24963334 PMCID: PMC4068977 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diets rich in dairy and/or calcium (Ca) have been associated with reductions in adiposity and inflammation, but the mechanisms underlying this remain to be fully elucidated. Oxylipins and endocannabinoids are bioactive lipids, which influence energy homeostasis, adipose function, insulin signaling, and inflammation. Our objective was to determine if these metabolites associate with metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes stemming from dietary Ca and dairy in diet induced obese mice. METHODS In one study, C57BL6/J mice were fed high fat diets (45% energy) with varying dietary matrices for 12 weeks: soy protein and Ca adequate (0.5%; CONTROL), soy protein and high Ca (1.5%; HighCa), or nonfat-dry-milk based high Ca (NFDM). In a second study, mice were pre-fattened for 12 weeks on the CONTROL high fat diet, and then fed one of three high fat diets for an additional 8 weeks: CONTROL, HighCa, or NFDM. In both studies, adiposity and associated metabolic and inflammatory outcomes were measured and a targeted lipidomics analysis was performed on plasma collected during the post-absorptive condition. RESULTS As reported previously, mice fed NFDM had less body fat and reduced mRNA markers of adipose inflammation (p < 0.05) than CONTROL mice despite greater cumulative energy intake. Moreover, NFDM fed mice lipid mediator profiles were distinct from CONTROL and HighCa mice. NFDM fed mice showed elevated plasma monoacylglycerols (6 - 46% increase from CONTROL), including 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and reduced fatty acid diols (8-75% decrease from CONTROL). CONCLUSIONS Differences in specific plasma lipid mediator profiles reflect the metabolic and inflammatory phenotypes seen in NFDM feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara N Dunn
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Alison H Keenan
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Current address: Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Anthony P Thomas
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Current Address: Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - John W Newman
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA ; USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 W. Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, University of California, Davis, USA ; Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA ; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, USA ; USDA-ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, 430 W. Health Sciences Dr, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Sergeev IN, Song Q. High vitamin D and calcium intakes reduce diet-induced obesity in mice by increasing adipose tissue apoptosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1342-8. [PMID: 24449427 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Modulation of apoptosis is emerging as a promising antiobesity strategy because removal of adipocytes through this process will result in reducing body fat. Effects of vitamin D on apoptosis are mediated via multiple signaling pathways that involve common regulators and effectors converging on cellular Ca(2+) . We have previously shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces the Ca(2+) signal associated with activation of Ca(2+) -dependent apoptotic proteases in mature adipocytes. In this study, a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model was used to evaluate the role of vitamin D and calcium in adiposity. METHODS AND RESULTS DIO mice fed high vitamin D3 , high Ca, and high D3 plus high Ca diets demonstrated a decreased body and fat weight gain, improved markers of adiposity and vitamin D status (plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, adiponectin, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH)), but an increased plasma Ca(2+) . High D3 and Ca intakes were associated with induction of apoptosis and activation of Ca(2+) -dependent apoptotic proteases, calpain and caspase-12, in adipose tissue of DIO mice. The combination of D3 plus Ca was more effective than D3 or Ca alone in decreasing adiposity. CONCLUSION The results imply that high vitamin D and Ca intakes activate the Ca(2+) -mediated apoptotic pathway in adipose tissue. Targeting this pathway with vitamin D and Ca supplementation could contribute to the prevention and treatment of obesity. However, this potentially effective and affordable approach needs to be evaluated from a safety point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor N Sergeev
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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Effects of grape seed procyanidin extract over low-grade chronic inflammation of obese Zucker fa/fa rats. Food Res Int 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Trigueros L, Peña S, Ugidos AV, Sayas-Barberá E, Pérez-Álvarez JA, Sendra E. Food ingredients as anti-obesity agents: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:929-42. [PMID: 23768185 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.574215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overweight and obesity have a major impact on global health; their prevalence has rapidly increased in all industrialized countries in the past few decades and diabetes and hypertension are their direct consequences. Pharmacotherapy provides reinforcement for obesity treatment, but should be an adjunctive support to diet, exercise, and lifestyle modification. At present, only orlistat and sibutramine have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for long-term use, but sibutramine was withdrawn for sale by the European Medicines Agency. The development of functional foods for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity suppose an opportunity for the food market and involve the knowledge of the mechanisms of appetite and energy expenditure as well as the metabolic sensation of satiety. Strategies for weight control management affect gut hormones as potential targets for the appetite metabolic regulation, stimulation of energy expenditure (thermogenesis), and modifications in the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota. Functional foods for obesity may also include bioactive fatty acids, phenolic compounds, soybean, plant sterols, dietary calcium, and dietary fiber. This review intends to offer an overview of the present situation of the anti-obesity agents currently used in dietary therapy as well as some functional food ingredients with potentially anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Trigueros
- IPOA Research Group UMH-1 and REVIV_ Generalitat Valenciana, Departamento de Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Ctra. de Beniel km 3.2, 03312, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
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Abstract
Lipophilic micronutrients (LM) constitute a large family of molecules including several vitamins (A, D, E, K) and carotenoids. Their ability to regulate gene expression is becoming increasingly clear and constitutes an important part of nutrigenomics. Interestingly, adipose tissue is not only a main storage site for these molecules within the body, but it is also subjected to the regulatory effects of LM. Indeed, several gene regulations have been described in adipose tissue that could strongly impact its biology with respect to the modulation of adipogenesis, inflammatory status, or energy homeostasis and metabolism, among others. The repercussions in terms of health effects of such regulations in the context of obesity and associated pathologies represent an exciting and emerging field of research. The present review will focus on the regulatory effects of vitamin A, D, E and K as well as carotenoids on adipose tissue biology and physiology, notably in the context of obesity and associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Landrier
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +33-491-294-117; Fax: +33-491-078-2101
| | - Julie Marcotorchino
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Tourniaire
- Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 1260, F-13385, Marseille, France; (J.M.); (F.T.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, Obésité et Risque Thrombotique, UMR 1062, F-13385, Marseille, France
- School of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, F-13385, Marseille, France
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Zemel MB, Richards J, Milstead A, Campbell P. Effects of Calcium and Dairy on Body Composition and Weight Loss in African-American Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:1218-25. [PMID: 16076991 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our objective was to determine the effects of dairy consumption on adiposity and body composition in obese African Americans. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We performed two randomized trials in obese African-American adults. In the first (weight maintenance), 34 subjects were maintained on a low calcium (500 mg/d)/low dairy (<1 serving/d) or high dairy (1200 mg Ca/d diet including 3 servings of dairy) diet with no change in energy or macronutrient intake for 24 weeks. In the second trial (weight loss), 29 subjects were similarly randomized to the low or high dairy diets and placed on a caloric restriction regimen (-500 kcal/d). RESULTS In the first trial, body weight remained stable for both groups throughout the maintenance study. The high dairy diet resulted in decreases in total body fat (2.16 kg, p < 0.01), trunk fat (1.03 kg, p < 0.01), insulin (18.7 pM, p < 0.04), and blood pressure (6.8 mm Hg systolic, p < 0.01; 4.25 mm Hg diastolic, p < 0.01) and an increase in lean mass (1.08 kg, p < 0.04), whereas there were no significant changes in the low dairy group. In the second trial, although both diets produced significant weight and fat loss, weight and fat loss on the high dairy diet were approximately 2-fold higher (p < 0.01), and loss of lean body mass was markedly reduced (p < 0.001) compared with the low dairy diet. DISCUSSION Substitution of calcium-rich foods in isocaloric diets reduced adiposity and improved metabolic profiles in obese African Americans without energy restriction or weight loss and augmented weight and fat loss secondary to energy restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Zemel
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, 1215 W. Cumberland Avenue, Room 229, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920, USA.
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Yu SJ, Liu HC, Ling-Ling E, Wang DS, Zhu GX. Proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts from the mandible of osteoporotic rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2012; 237:395-406. [PMID: 22550338 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2011.011217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify the differences between osteoblasts derived from normal adult rat mandibles and osteoporotic adult rats. An osteoporotic animal model was established by performing a bilateral ovariectomy (ovx group). The proliferation and differentiation abilities of osteoblasts were determined by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin release (OC) assays. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to assess differences in the ultrastructure. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) protein concentrations were analyzed by Western blot. In addition, UCP2 protein in osteoblasts was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were analyzed separately with ATP and ROS quantification kits. At four and 12 weeks after the operation, osteoblasts of the ovx group showed earlier attachment, fewer dead cells and faster growth compared with cells in the sham group. TEM showed that osteoblasts of the ovx group had fewer folds, lysosomes, peroxisomes and less rough endoplasmic reticulum. The results of the MTT, ALP activity and OC assays were all higher in osteoblasts from the ovx group at four or 12 weeks postsurgery than osteoblasts from the sham group. PCNA protein concentrations in the ovx group increased significantly compared with those of the sham group at four or 12 weeks after the operation, but UCP2 concentrations decreased over the same time period. UCP2 immunohistochemical staining of osteoblasts showed that the protein was concentrated in the cytoplasm and that the osteoblasts from the sham group had higher expression than those from the ovx group. The ATP and ROS concentrations of the ovx groups were significantly higher than the sham groups at four or 12 weeks postsurgery. Therefore, we concluded that there are differences in cell ultrastructure, proliferation, differentiation, ATP and ROS concentrations, and PCNA and UCP2 protein expression levels in osteoblasts from the mandibles of rats of the ovx group compared with those from the sham group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Juan Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Region of PLA, Jinan 250031, China
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Abstract
New and more effective nutritional measures are urgently needed for the prevention of obesity. The role of Ca and vitamin D in obesity has been recently implicated. Low Ca intake and low vitamin D status have been linked with an increased risk of obesity in epidemiological studies; however, clinical intervention trials designed to test this association have produced controversial results. The suggested anti-obesity mechanisms of Ca and vitamin D include the regulation of adipocyte death (apoptosis), adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. Dietary Ca has been also shown to increase faecal fat excretion. The potential role of Ca and vitamin D in shifting energy balance towards a more negative state is an area of considerable interest. Ultimately, a review of recent research findings does not allow the reaching of a definitive conclusion that increasing Ca intake and rising vitamin D status will influence fat mass and body weight or decrease the risk of obesity and overweight.
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Bruckbauer A, Zemel MB. Effects of dairy consumption on SIRT1 and mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes and muscle cells. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2011; 8:91. [PMID: 22185590 PMCID: PMC3264668 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-8-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data from this laboratory suggest that components of dairy foods may serve as activators of SIRT1 (Silent Information Regulator Transcript 1), and thereby participate in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, an ex-vivo/in-vitro approach was used to examine the integrated effects of dairy diets on SIRT1 activation in two key target tissues (adipose and muscle tissue). METHODS Serum from overweight and obese subjects fed low or high dairy diets for 28 days was added to culture medium (similar to conditioned media) to treat cultured adipocytes and muscle cells for 48 hours. RESULTS Treatment with high dairy group conditioned media resulted in 40% increased SIRT1 gene expression in both tissues (p < 0.01) and 13% increased enzyme activity in adipose tissue compared to baseline. This was associated with increased gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), cytochrome oxidase c subunit 7 (Cox 7), NADH dehydrogenase and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) in adipocytes as well as uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), NRF1 and Cox 7 in muscle cells (p < 0.05). Further, direct incubation of physiological concentrations of leucine and its metabolites α-Ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) and β-hydroxy-methylbuteric acid (HMB) with recombinant human SIRT1 enzyme resulted in 30 to 50% increase of SIRT1 activity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that dairy consumption leads to systemic effects, which may promote mitochondrial biogenesis in key target tissues such as muscle and adipose tissue both by direct activation of SIRT1 as well as by SIRT1-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Bruckbauer
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
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Targeting adipocyte apoptosis: a novel strategy for obesity therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:1-4. [PMID: 22172945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing world problem that may cause several metabolic complications including insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Development of therapeutic drugs for obesity has been proven difficult. Current strategies for weight reduction are inhibition of food intake through the central nervous system or blocking the absorption of lipids in the gut. These therapies have many side effects, so new treatments are urgently needed. Fat loss could also be achieved through a decrease in the size and number of adipocytes through apoptosis. Apoptosis is a normal phenomenon of cell death for the purpose of maintaining homeostasis. Induction of apoptosis is a reasonable way to remove adipocytes in obese patients. It is reported that several adipokines and natural products play roles in induction of adipocyte apoptosis. Here we review the recent progress of the roles and mechanisms of adipocyte apoptosis induced by leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and natural compounds.
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Van Loan MD, Keim NL, Adams SH, Souza E, Woodhouse LR, Thomas A, Witbracht M, Gertz ER, Piccolo B, Bremer AA, Spurlock M. Dairy Foods in a Moderate Energy Restricted Diet Do Not Enhance Central Fat, Weight, and Intra-Abdominal Adipose Tissue Losses nor Reduce Adipocyte Size or Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Controlled Feeding Study. J Obes 2011; 2011:989657. [PMID: 21941636 PMCID: PMC3173723 DOI: 10.1155/2011/989657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Research on dairy foods to enhance weight and fat loss when incorporated into a modest weight loss diet has had mixed results. Objective. A 15-week controlled feeding study to determine if dairy foods enhance central fat and weight loss when incorporated in a modest energy restricted diet of overweight and obese adults. Design. A 3-week run-in to establish energy needs; a 12-week 500 kcal/d energy reduction with 71 low-dairy-consuming overweight and obese adults randomly assigned to diets: ≤1 serving dairy/d (low dairy, LD) or ≤4 servings dairy/d (adequate dairy, AD). All foods were weighed and provided by the metabolic kitchen. Weight, fat, intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) macrophage number, SAT inflammatory gene expression, and circulating cytokines were measured. Results. No diet differences were observed in weight, fat, or IAAT loss; nor SAT mRNA expression of inflammation, circulating cytokines, fasting lipids, glucose, or insulin. There was a significant increase (P = 0.02) in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the AD group. Conclusion. Whether increased dairy intake during weight loss results in greater weight and fat loss for individuals with metabolic syndrome deserves investigation. Assessment of appetite, hunger, and satiety with followup on weight regain should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta D. Van Loan
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, ARS, 430 West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nancy L. Keim
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, ARS, 430 West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sean H. Adams
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, ARS, 430 West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Elaine Souza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Leslie R. Woodhouse
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, ARS, 430 West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Anthony Thomas
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Megan Witbracht
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Erik R. Gertz
- Obesity & Metabolism Research Unit, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, USDA, ARS, 430 West Health Science Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian Piccolo
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew A. Bremer
- Pediatric Division, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, TN 37232-9170, USA
| | - Michael Spurlock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1120, USA
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Lorente-Cebrián S, Eriksson A, Dunlop T, Mejhert N, Dahlman I, Aström G, Sjölin E, Wåhlén K, Carlberg C, Laurencikiene J, Hedén P, Arner P, Rydén M. Differential effects of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on MCP-1 and adiponectin production in human white adipocytes. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:335-42. [PMID: 21701898 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0218-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Obesity is characterized by a low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT), which promotes insulin resistance. Low serum levels of 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (DHCC) associate with insulin resistance and higher body mass index although it is unclear whether vitamin D supplementation improves insulin sensitivity. We investigated the effects of DHCC on adipokine gene expression and secretion in adipocytes focusing on two key factors with pro-inflammatory [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2)] and anti-inflammatory [adiponectin (ADIPOQ)] effects. METHODS Pre-adipocytes were isolated from human subcutaneous WAT and cultured until full differentiation. Differentiated adipocytes were either pre-treated with DHCC (10(-7) M) and subsequently incubated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα, 100 ng/mL) or concomitantly incubated with TNFα/DHCC. MCP1 and adiponectin mRNA expression was measured by RT-PCR and protein release by ELISA. RESULTS DHCC was not toxic and did not affect adipocyte morphology or the mRNA levels of adipocyte-specific genes. TNFα induced a significant increase in CCL2 mRNA and protein secretion, while DHCC alone reduced CCL2 mRNA expression (~25%, p < 0.05). DHCC attenuated TNFα-induced CCL2 mRNA expression in both pre-incubation (~15%, p < 0.05) and concomitant (~60%, p < 0.01) treatments. TNFα reduced ADIPOQ mRNA (~80%) and secretion (~35%). DHCC alone decreased adiponectin secretion to a similar degree (~35%, p < 0.05). Concomitant treatment with DHCC/TNFα for 48 h had an additive effect, resulting in a pronounced reduction in adiponectin secretion (~70%). CONCLUSIONS DHCC attenuates MCP-1 and adiponectin production in human adipocytes, thereby reducing the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. These effects may explain the difficulties so far in determining the role of DHCC in insulin sensitivity and obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lorente-Cebrián
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Lipid Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, NVS, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lai CY, Yang JY, Rayalam S, Della-Fera MA, Ambati S, Lewis RD, Hamrick MW, Hartzell DL, Baile CA. Preventing bone loss and weight gain with combinations of vitamin D and phytochemicals. J Med Food 2011; 14:1352-62. [PMID: 21663481 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and certain natural compounds have been shown to regulate both lipid metabolism and bone formation. Treatments that prevent or reverse age-related increase in bone marrow adiposity could both increase new bone formation and inhibit bone destruction. We tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with combinations of vitamin D and phytochemicals inhibits bone loss and decreases adiposity to a greater extent than control or vitamin D-alone diets. Aged ovariectomized female rats (12 months old, n=50, initial body weight=240 g) were given control (AIN-93M diet), vitamin D (2,400 IU/kg), or vitamin D plus resveratrol (16, 80, or 400 mg/kg of diet [low, medium, and high dose, respectively]), quercetin (80, 400, or 2,000 mg/kg of diet), and genistein (64, 256, or 1,040 mg/kg of diet) for 8 weeks. The high-dose treatment (vitamin D+400 mg/kg resveratrol+2,000 mg/kg quercetin+1,040 mg/kg genistein) reduced body weight gain (P<.05) and the fat pad weights (P<.05). This treatment also increased the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (P<.05) and the bone mineral content of the femur. Micro-computed tomography and histomorphometric analyses indicated that the high-dose treatment prevented loss of trabecular bone (P<.05) and reduced marrow adipocytes (P<.001) and osteoclasts (P<.05) compared with the control and vitamin D alone (P<.05). We conclude that aged ovariectomized female rats supplemented with vitamin D combined with genistein, quercetin, and resveratrol had improved bone mineral density and reduced body weight gain and a significant decrease in bone marrow adipocytes. The synergistic effects of a combination of phytochemicals with vitamin D may be effective in reducing bone loss and weight gain after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Lai
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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42
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Associations between dairy consumption and body weight: a review of the evidence and underlying mechanisms. Nutr Res Rev 2011; 24:72-95. [PMID: 21320381 DOI: 10.1017/s095442241000034x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the incidence of obesity is reaching 'epidemic' proportions, there is currently widespread interest in the impact of dietary components on body-weight and food intake regulation. The majority of data available from both epidemiological and intervention studies provide evidence of a negative but modest association between milk and dairy product consumption and BMI and other measures of adiposity, with indications that higher intakes result in increased weight loss and lean tissue maintenance during energy restriction. The purported physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of dairy constituents on adiposity are incompletely understood but may include effects on lipolysis, lipogeneis and fatty acid absorption. Furthermore, accumulating evidence indicates an impact of dairy constituents, in particular whey protein derivatives, on appetite regulation and food intake. The present review summarises available data and provides an insight into the likely contribution of dairy foods to strategies aimed at appetite regulation, weight loss or the prevention of weight gain.
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Torres MRSG, Ferreira TDS, Carvalho DC, Sanjuliani AF. Dietary calcium intake and its relationship with adiposity and metabolic profile in hypertensive patients. Nutrition 2010; 27:666-71. [PMID: 20934855 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2010.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An inverse relation between dietary calcium and adiposity has been found in several epidemiologic studies. Recent evidence has also suggested that a calcium-rich diet may have beneficial effects on insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the association of dietary calcium intake with global adiposity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic profile in hypertensive patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 85 hypertensive patients 25 to 70 y old underwent clinical, dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical evaluations. Participants were stratified into the following two groups according to their usual dietary calcium intake: low calcium group (<800 mg/d) and high calcium group (≥800 mg/d). RESULTS Fifty-seven participants (11 men and 46 women) were included in the final analyses. Subjects in the low calcium group compared with those in the high calcium group exhibited significantly higher levels of body mass index and percentage of body fat after adjustments for variables that could interfere with those adiposity parameters (P = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Patients in the high calcium group had a lower odds ratio for prevalent obesity than those in the low calcium group, even after controlling for potential confounders (P = 0.01). No significant differences were found in abdominal adiposity and metabolic profile between the two groups. Using data from all patients, an inverse and significant association was observed between dietary calcium intake and percentage of body fat, and it remained after controlling for confounders (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study suggest that, in hypertensive patients, higher dietary calcium intake could be associated with lower global adiposity.
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Eller LK, Reimer RA. Attenuation in Weight Gain with High Calcium- and Dairy-Enriched Diets Is Not Associated with Taste Aversion in Rats: A Comparison with Casein, Whey, and Soy. J Med Food 2010; 13:1182-8. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2009.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K. Eller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raylene A. Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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45
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Valiña-Tóth ALB, Lai Z, Yoo W, Abou-Samra A, Gadegbeku CA, Flack JM. Relationship of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone with obesity and body composition in African Americans. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 72:595-603. [PMID: 19656160 PMCID: PMC2866059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03676.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity disproportionately affects African Americans (AA) (especially women), and is linked to depressed 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH D) and elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH). The relationship of 25-OH D and PTH with body composition and size in AA is not well known. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship of 25-OH D and PTH levels with body composition and anthropometric measures. DESIGN A cross-sectional study was conducted in 98 healthy, overweight, adult AA enrolled in an NIH/NIEHS-sponsored weight loss/salt-sensitivity trial. MEASUREMENTS Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationship of 25-OH D and PTH with body composition, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and anthropometric measures. Body composition and size were contrasted across vitamin D/PTH groups using general linear models: (i) normal (25-OH D >50 nmol/l, PTH <or=65 pg/ml), (ii) low 25-OH D and normal PTH and (iii) low 25-OH D and high PTH. RESULTS Age, gender and season-adjusted regression analyses showed that PTH was directly correlated with total (P = 0.02), truncal (P = 0.03) and extremity (P = 0.03) fat mass, while 25-OH D was inversely related to truncal fat mass (P = 0.02). Total fat mass in groups 1-3, respectively, was 30.0, 34.0 and 37.4 kg (P = 0.008); truncal fat mass was 13.4, 15.9 and 17.6 kg (P = 0.006) and extremity fat mass was 15.8, 16.9 and 19.7 kg (P = 0.02). Lean mass did not differ across the three groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that lower 25-OH D and raised PTH are both correlated, though in opposite directions, with fat mass, fat distribution and anthropometric measures in adult AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Liza B Valiña-Tóth
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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46
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Dairy-rich diets augment fat loss on an energy-restricted diet: a multicenter trial. Nutrients 2009; 1:83-100. [PMID: 22253969 PMCID: PMC3257590 DOI: 10.3390/nu1010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 08/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 12-week randomized controlled multi-center clinical trial was conducted in 106 overweight and obese adults. Diets were designed to produce a 2,093 kJ/day energy deficit with either low calcium (LC; ~600 mg/day), high calcium (HC; ~1,400 mg/day), or high dairy (HD; three dairy servings, diet totaling ~1,400 mg/day). Ninety-three subjects completed the trial, and 68 met all a priori weekly compliance criteria. Both HC and HD contained comparable levels of calcium, but HC was only ~30% as effective as HD in suppressing 1,25-(OH)(2)D and exerted no significant effects on weight loss or body composition compared to LC. In the group that met compliance criteria, HD resulted in ~two-fold augmentation of fat loss compared to LC and HC (HD: -4.43 ± 0.53 kg; LC: -2.69 ± 0.0.53 kg; HC: -2.23 ± 0.73 kg, p < 0.025); assessment of all completers and an intent-to-treat analysis produced similar trends. HD augmentated central (trunk) fat loss (HD: -2.38 ± 0.30 kg; HC: -1.42 ± 0.30 kg; LC: -1.36 ± 0.42 kg, p < 0.05) and waist circumference (HD: -7.65 ± 0.75 cm; LC: -4.92 ± 0.74 cm; LC: -4.95 ± 1.05 cm, p < 0.025). Similar effects were noted among all subjects completing the study and in an intent-to-treat analysis. These data indicate that dairy-rich diets augment weight loss by targeting the fat compartment during energy restriction.
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Sakurai R, Shin E, Fonseca S, Sakurai T, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, Torday JS, Rehan VK. 1alpha,25(OH)2D3 and its 3-epimer promote rat lung alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and inhibit lipofibroblast apoptosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 297:L496-505. [PMID: 19574420 PMCID: PMC2739775 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90539.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although alveolar wall thinning has been attributed to apoptosis of interstitial lung lipofibroblasts (LFs), the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remains unknown. Although the physiological vitamin D steroid hormone 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) (1,25D) has been suggested as a local paracrine/autocrine effector of fetal lung maturation and is known to affect fibroblast apoptosis, its effects on LF apoptosis are unknown. We determined the role of 1,25D and its metabolite, C-3-epimer (3-epi-1,25D), on LF and alveolar type II (ATII) cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Embryonic day 19 Sprague-Dawley fetal rat lung LFs and ATII cells were treated with 1,25D or 3-epi-1,25D (1 x 10(-10) to 1 x 10(-8) M) for 24 h, and cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation were assessed. Both 1,25D and 3-epi-1,25D exhibited dose-dependent increases in expression of the key homeostatic epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation markers, increased LF and ATII cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. Furthermore, rat pups administered 1,25D from postnatal days 0 to 14 showed increased expressions of key LF and ATII cell differentiation markers, increased Bcl-2-to-Bax ratio as an index of decreased spontaneous alveolar LF and ATII cell apoptosis, increased alveolar count, and a paradoxical increase in septal thickness. We conclude that spatial- and temporal-specific actions of vitamin D play a critical role in perinatal lung maturation by stimulating key alveolar epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and by modulating LF proliferation/apoptosis. These data not only provide the biological rationale for the presence of an alveolar vitamin D paracrine system, but also provide the first integrated molecular mechanism for increased surfactant synthesis and alveolar septal thinning during perinatal lung maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sakurai
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
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Zhang X, Li L, Zhang L, Borowitz JL, Isom GE. Cyanide-induced death of dopaminergic cells is mediated by uncoupling protein-2 up-regulation and reduced Bcl-2 expression. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 238:11-9. [PMID: 19361538 PMCID: PMC2696033 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cyanide is a potent inhibitor of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and produces mitochondria-mediated death of dopaminergic neurons and sublethal intoxications that are associated with a Parkinson-like syndrome. Cyanide toxicity is enhanced when mitochondrial uncoupling is stimulated following up-regulation of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2). In this study, the role of a pro-survival protein, Bcl-2, in cyanide-mediated cell death was determined in a rat dopaminergic immortalized mesencephalic cell line (N27 cells). Following pharmacological up-regulation of UCP-2 by treatment with Wy14,643, cyanide reduced cellular Bcl-2 expression by increasing proteasomal degradation of the protein. The increased turnover of Bcl-2 was mediated by an increase of oxidative stress following UCP-2 up-regulation. The oxidative stress involved depletion of mitochondrial glutathione (mtGSH) and increased H2O2 generation. Repletion of mtGSH by loading cells with glutathione ethyl ester reduced H2O2 generation and in turn blocked the cyanide-induced decrease of Bcl-2. To determine if UCP-2 mediated the response, RNAi knock down was conducted. The RNAi decreased cyanide-induced depletion of mtGSH, reduced H2O2 accumulation, and inhibited down-regulation of Bcl-2, thus blocking cell death. To confirm the role of Bcl-2 down-regulation in the cell death, it was shown that over-expression of Bcl-2 by cDNA transfection attenuated the enhancement of cyanide toxicity after UCP-2 up-regulation. It was concluded that UCP-2 up-regulation sensitizes cells to cyanide by increasing cellular oxidative stress, leading to an increase of Bcl-2 degradation. Then the reduced Bcl-2 levels sensitize the cells to cyanide-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1333, USA
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Zemel MB. Proposed role of calcium and dairy food components in weight management and metabolic health. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2009; 37:29-39. [PMID: 20048507 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2009.06.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary calcium and dairy foods have demonstrated an antiobesity effect in animal studies, observational and population studies, and randomized clinical trials. Moreover, there is a strong theoretical framework to explain the effects of dietary calcium on energy metabolism. The supporting mechanisms include dietary calcium-correcting suboptimal calcium intakes, thereby preventing the endocrine response (parathyroid hormone [PTH] and calcitriol), which favors adipocyte energy storage and inhibits adipocyte loss via apoptosis. Dietary calcium appears to further promote energy loss via formation of calcium soaps in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby modestly reduces net energy absorption. Dietary calcium appears to be responsible for approximately 50% of the antiobesity bioactivity of dairy foods. The additional dairy bioactivity has not been fully identified, but is primarily localized in whey protein. The major components are the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity of whey proteins and the high concentration of leucine in whey. This high leucine content appears to be primarily responsible for the repartitioning of dietary energy from adipose tissue to skeletal muscle during weight loss, resulting in greater preservation of skeletal muscle and accelerated loss of adipose tissue during negative energy balance. Finally, high-calcium diets suppress obesity-induced oxidative and inflammatory stress independently from its role in modulating adiposity; these effects are similarly augmented by other dairy food components. However, the number of randomized clinical trials conducted is still modest, and a small number have not confirmed significant effects in weight management. Thus, the protective effects of dairy foods against obesity and its comorbidities are promising, but warrant further large-scale studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Zemel
- The Nutrition Institute, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1920, USA.
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50
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Dietary intervention with vitamin D, calcium, and whey protein reduced fat mass and increased lean mass in rats. Nutr Res 2009; 28:783-90. [PMID: 19083488 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine the effects and the mechanisms of inclusion of dietary whey protein, high calcium, and high vitamin D intake with either a high-sucrose or high-fat base diets on body composition of rodents. Male Wistar rats were assigned to either no whey protein, suboptimal calcium (0.25%), and vitamin D (400 IU/kg) diet (LD), or a diet containing whey protein, high calcium (1.5%), and vitamin D (10 000 IU/kg) diet (HD), and either high-fat (40% of energy) or high-sucrose (60%) base diets for 13 weeks. Liver tissue homogenates were used to determine [(14)C]glucose and [(14)C]palmitate oxidation. mRNA expression of enzymes related to energy metabolism in liver, adipose, and muscle, as well as regulators of muscle mass and insulin receptor was assessed. The results demonstrated that there was reduced accumulation of body fat mass (P = .01) and greater lean mass (P = .03) for the HD- compared to LD-fed group regardless of the background diet. There were no consistent differences between the LD and HD groups across background diets in substrate oxidation and mRNA expression for enzymes measured that regulate energy metabolism, myostatin, or muscle vascular endothelial growth factor. However, there was an increase in insulin receptor mRNA expression in muscle in the HD compared to the LD groups. In conclusion, elevated whey protein, calcium, and vitamin D intake resulted in reduced accumulation of body fat mass and increased lean mass, with a commensurate increase in insulin receptor expression, regardless of the level of calories from fat or sucrose.
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