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Fioretti D, Ledda M, Iurescia S, Carletti R, Di Gioia C, Lolli MG, Marchese R, Lisi A, Rinaldi M. Severely Damaged Freeze-Injured Skeletal Muscle Reveals Functional Impairment, Inadequate Repair, and Opportunity for Human Stem Cell Application. Biomedicines 2023; 12:30. [PMID: 38275391 PMCID: PMC10813063 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regeneration of severe traumatic muscle injuries is an unsolved medical need that is relevant for civilian and military medicine. In this work, we produced a critically sized nonhealing muscle defect in a mouse model to investigate muscle degeneration/healing phases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We caused a freeze injury (FI) in the biceps femoris of C57BL/6N mice. From day 1 to day 25 post-injury, we conducted histological/morphometric examinations, an analysis of the expression of genes involved in inflammation/regeneration, and an in vivo functional evaluation. RESULTS We found that FI activates cytosolic DNA sensing and inflammatory responses. Persistent macrophage infiltration, the prolonged expression of eMHC, the presence of centrally nucleated myofibers, and the presence of PAX7+ satellite cells at late time points and with chronic physical impairment indicated inadequate repair. By looking at stem-cell-based therapeutic protocols of muscle repair, we investigated the crosstalk between M1-biased macrophages and human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) in vitro. We demonstrated their reciprocal paracrine effects where hAMSCs induced a shift of M1 macrophages into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and M1 macrophages promoted an increase in the expression of hAMSC immunomodulatory factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the rationale for the future use of our injury model to exploit the full potential of in vivo hAMSC transplantation following severe traumatic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fioretti
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Mario Ledda
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Sandra Iurescia
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cira Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Lolli
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Rodolfo Marchese
- Department of Clinical Pathology, FBF S. Peter Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Lisi
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
| | - Monica Rinaldi
- Department Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Area di Ricerca Roma2 Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (S.I.); (M.G.L.); (A.L.)
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2
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Yaghi OK, Hanna BS, Langston PK, Michelson DA, Jayewickreme T, Marin-Rodero M, Benoist C, Mathis D. A discrete 'early-responder' stromal-cell subtype orchestrates immunocyte recruitment to injured tissue. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:2053-2067. [PMID: 37932455 PMCID: PMC10792729 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Following acute injury, stromal cells promote tissue regeneration by a diversity of mechanisms. Time-resolved single-cell RNA sequencing of muscle mesenchymal stromal cells (MmSCs) responding to acute injury identified an 'early-responder' subtype that spiked on day 1 and expressed a notable array of transcripts encoding immunomodulators. IL-1β, TNF-α and oncostatin M each strongly and rapidly induced MmSCs transcribing this immunomodulatory program. Macrophages amplified the program but were not strictly required for its induction. Transfer of the inflammatory MmSC subtype, tagged with a unique surface marker, into healthy hindlimb muscle induced inflammation primarily driven by neutrophils and macrophages. Among the abundant inflammatory transcripts produced by this subtype, Cxcl5 was stroma-specific and highly upregulated with injury. Depletion of this chemokine early after injury revealed a substantial impact on recruitment of neutrophils, a prolongation of inflammation to later times and an effect on tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stromal cell subtypes expressing a comparable inflammatory program were found in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy and in several other tissues and pathologies in both mice and humans. These 'early-responder' mesenchymal stromal cells, already in place, permit rapid and coordinated mobilization and amplification of critical cell collaborators in response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar K Yaghi
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bola S Hanna
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Kent Langston
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel A Michelson
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teshika Jayewickreme
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Marin-Rodero
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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3
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Ortiz-Arrabal O, Irastorza-Lorenzo A, Campos F, Martín-Piedra MÁ, Carriel V, Garzón I, Ávila-Fernández P, de Frutos MJ, Esteban E, Fernández J, Janer A, Campos A, Chato-Astrain J, Alaminos M. Fibrin and Marine-Derived Agaroses for the Generation of Human Bioartificial Tissues: An Ex Vivo and In Vivo Study. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030187. [PMID: 36976236 PMCID: PMC10058299 DOI: 10.3390/md21030187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of an ideal biomaterial for clinical use is one of the main objectives of current research in tissue engineering. Marine-origin polysaccharides, in particular agaroses, have been widely explored as scaffolds for tissue engineering. We previously developed a biomaterial based on a combination of agarose with fibrin, that was successfully translated to clinical practice. However, in search of novel biomaterials with improved physical and biological properties, we have now generated new fibrin-agarose (FA) biomaterials using 5 different types of agaroses at 4 different concentrations. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects and the biomechanical properties of these biomaterials. Then, each bioartificial tissue was grafted in vivo and histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed after 30 days. Ex vivo evaluation showed high biocompatibility and differences in their biomechanical properties. In vivo, FA tissues were biocompatible at the systemic and local levels, and histological analyses showed that biointegration was associated to a pro-regenerative process with M2-type CD206-positive macrophages. These results confirm the biocompatibility of FA biomaterials and support their clinical use for the generation of human tissues by tissue engineering, with the possibility of selecting specific agarose types and concentrations for applications requiring precise biomechanical properties and in vivo reabsorption times.
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Grants
- FIS PI20/0317 FIS PI20/0318 FIS PI21/0980 ICI19/00024 ICI21/00010 Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica (I+D+I) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Instituto de Salud Carlos III),
- PE-0395-2019 PI-0442-2019 Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, Spain
- IDI-20180052 Hispanagar SA, Burgos, Spain, through CDTI, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain, Pro-grama Operativo Plurirregional de Crecimiento Inteligente (CRIN)
- B-CTS-504-UGR20 B-CTS-450-UGR20 marco del Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020, University of Granada and Conseje-ría de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Ortiz-Arrabal
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Granada, E18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Irastorza-Lorenzo
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martín-Piedra
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Víctor Carriel
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Paula Ávila-Fernández
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Campos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Chato-Astrain
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology, University of Granada and Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, E18016 Granada, Spain
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Kwak MK, Ha ES, Lee J, Choi YM, Kim BJ, Hong EG. C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 promotes myogenesis of myoblasts via the AKT-mTOR pathway. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:9860-9876. [PMID: 36575043 PMCID: PMC9831732 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Muscle mass decreases with aging, while the C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) increases with aging; in this context, CCL2 can be considered a potential aging-promoting factor. Thus, CCL2 knockout mice are expected to exhibit anti-aging effects including protection against loss of muscle mass. However, instead, muscle amount and recovery of damaged muscles are decreased in CCL2 knockout mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that increasing CCL2 in the elderly might be related to compensation for loss of muscle mass. To confirm the relationship between muscle and CCL2, we sought to establish the role of CCL2 in C2C12 cells and Human Skeletal Muscle Myoblast (HSMM) cells. The myotube (MT) fusion index increased with CCL2 compared to 5day CCL2 vehicle only (27.0 % increase, P<0.05) in immunocytochemistry staining (ICC) data. CCL2 also restored MTs atrophy caused by dexamethasone (21.8 % increase, P<0.0001). p-mTOR/mTOR and p-AKT/total AKT increased with CCL2 compared to CCL2 vehicle only (18.3 and 30.5% increase respectively, P<0.05) and decreased with CCR2-siRNA compared to CCL2 (38.9 % (P<0.05) and 56.7% (P<0.005) reduction respectively). In conclusion, CCL2 positively affects myogenesis by CCR2 via AKT-mTOR signaling pathways. CCL2 might have potential as a therapeutic target for low muscle mass and muscle recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Kwak
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 18450, Korea
| | - Eun Suk Ha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 18450, Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 18450, Korea
| | - Yun Mi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 18450, Korea
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Songpa-Gu, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Gyoung Hong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hwaseong-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 18450, Korea
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5
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Dubuisson N, Versele R, Planchon C, Selvais CM, Noel L, Abou-Samra M, Davis-López de Carrizosa MA. Histological Methods to Assess Skeletal Muscle Degeneration and Regeneration in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16080. [PMID: 36555721 PMCID: PMC9786356 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive disease caused by the loss of function of the protein dystrophin. This protein contributes to the stabilisation of striated cells during contraction, as it anchors the cytoskeleton with components of the extracellular matrix through the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DAPC). Moreover, absence of the functional protein affects the expression and function of proteins within the DAPC, leading to molecular events responsible for myofibre damage, muscle weakening, disability and, eventually, premature death. Presently, there is no cure for DMD, but different treatments help manage some of the symptoms. Advances in genetic and exon-skipping therapies are the most promising intervention, the safety and efficiency of which are tested in animal models. In addition to in vivo functional tests, ex vivo molecular evaluation aids assess to what extent the therapy has contributed to the regenerative process. In this regard, the later advances in microscopy and image acquisition systems and the current expansion of antibodies for immunohistological evaluation together with the development of different spectrum fluorescent dyes have made histology a crucial tool. Nevertheless, the complexity of the molecular events that take place in dystrophic muscles, together with the rise of a multitude of markers for each of the phases of the process, makes the histological assessment a challenging task. Therefore, here, we summarise and explain the rationale behind different histological techniques used in the literature to assess degeneration and regeneration in the field of dystrophinopathies, focusing especially on those related to DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Dubuisson
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc (CUSL), Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Romain Versele
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chloé Planchon
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille M. Selvais
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Noel
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Abou-Samra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - María A. Davis-López de Carrizosa
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 55, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
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6
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Koike H, Manabe I, Oishi Y. Mechanisms of cooperative cell-cell interactions in skeletal muscle regeneration. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:48. [DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSkeletal muscles have an extraordinary capacity to regenerate themselves when injured. Skeletal muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, play a central role in muscle regeneration via three major steps: activation, proliferation, and differentiation. These steps are affected by multiple types of cells, such as immune cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, and vascular endothelial cells. The widespread use of single-cell sequencing technologies has enabled the identification of novel cell subpopulations associated with muscle regeneration and their regulatory mechanisms. This review summarizes the dynamism of the cellular community that controls and promotes muscle regeneration, with a particular focus on skeletal muscle stem cells.
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7
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Bernard C, Zavoriti A, Pucelle Q, Chazaud B, Gondin J. Role of macrophages during skeletal muscle regeneration and hypertrophy-Implications for immunomodulatory strategies. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15480. [PMID: 36200266 PMCID: PMC9535344 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue that regenerates ad integrum after injury and adapts to raise mechanical loading/contractile activity by increasing its mass and/or myofiber size, a phenomenon commonly refers to as skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Both muscle regeneration and hypertrophy rely on the interactions between muscle stem cells and their neighborhood, which include inflammatory cells, and particularly macrophages. This review first summarizes the role of macrophages in muscle regeneration in various animal models of injury and in response to exercise-induced muscle damage in humans. Then, the potential contribution of macrophages to skeletal muscle hypertrophy is discussed on the basis of both animal and human experiments. We also present a brief comparative analysis of the role of macrophages during muscle regeneration versus hypertrophy. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge on the impact of different immunomodulatory strategies, such as heat therapy, cooling, massage, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and resolvins, on skeletal muscle regeneration and their potential impact on muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bernard
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du MuscleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Aliki Zavoriti
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du MuscleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Quentin Pucelle
- Université de Versailles Saint‐Quentin‐En‐YvelinesVersaillesFrance
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du MuscleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université LyonLyonFrance
| | - Julien Gondin
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Unité Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du MuscleUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université LyonLyonFrance
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Pharmacological Inhibition of CCR2 Signaling Exacerbates Exercise-Induced Inflammation Independently of Neutrophil Infiltration and Oxidative Stress. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno2010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although exercise-induced humoral factors known as exerkines benefit systemic health, the role of most exerkines has not been investigated. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a representative chemokine whose circulating concentrations increase after exercise, and it is one of the exerkines. MCP-1 is a ligand for CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), which is expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and muscle cells. However, there is no information on the role of CCR2 signaling in exercise. Therefore, to investigate the research question, we administrated CCR2 antagonist or PBS to mice to inhibit CCR2 signaling before and after exercise. Our results showed that CCR2 signaling inhibition promoted exercise-induced macrophage infiltration and inflammation 24 h after exercise in muscle. CCR2 signaling inhibition also exacerbated exercise-induced inflammation immediately after exercise in muscle. However, neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress had no contribution to exercise-induced inflammation by CCR2 signaling inhibition. CCR2 signaling inhibition also exacerbated exercise-induced inflammation immediately after exercise in kidney, liver, and adipose tissues. To summarize, pharmacological inhibition of CCR2 signaling exacerbated exercise-induced inflammation independently of neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress.
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9
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Petrof BJ. Macrophage plasticity in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a nexus of pathological remodelling with therapeutic implications. J Physiol 2021; 600:3455-3464. [PMID: 34904234 DOI: 10.1113/jp281673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is characterized by chronic skeletal muscle necrosis, leading to muscle regeneration failure and fibrosis. Although macrophages (MPs) are normally essential for muscle regeneration, dysregulated MP function promotes pathological muscle remodelling. Infiltrating MPs can be predominantly pro-inflammatory (M1 biased), anti-inflammatory (M2 biased) or of a mixed phenotype and can originate from the adult bone marrow (monocyte dependent) or embryonic precursors (monocyte independent). In mdx mice (genetic model of DMD) lacking either Toll-like receptor (Tlr) 2 or Tlr4, it is found that MP infiltration of dystrophic muscle is significantly reduced and that the MP phenotype is shifted toward a more anti-inflammatory profile. This is accompanied by significant improvements in muscle histology and force production. Lack of the chemokine receptor CCR2, which impedes monocyte release from the bone marrow, leads to similar beneficial effects in mdx mice. Evidence was also found for Tlr4-regulated induction of trained innate immunity in MPs cultured from the bone marrow of mdx mice before their entry into the muscle. These MPs exhibit epigenetic and metabolic alterations, accompanied by non-specific hyper-responsiveness to multiple stimuli, which is manifested by potentiated upregulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory genes. In summary, exaggerated recruitment of monocyte-derived MPs and signs of trained innate immunity at the level of the bone marrow are features of the immunophenotype associated with dystrophic muscle disease. These phenomena are regulated by Toll-like receptors that bind endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, suggesting that DAMP release from dystrophic muscles modulates MP plasticity at the bone marrow level through Toll-like receptor-driven mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basil J Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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Fei L, Ren X, Yu H, Zhan Y. Targeting the CCL2/CCR2 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy: One Stone, Three Birds? Front Immunol 2021; 12:771210. [PMID: 34804061 PMCID: PMC8596464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.771210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CCR2 is predominantly expressed by monocytes/macrophages with strong proinflammatory functions, prompting the development of CCR2 antagonists to dampen unwanted immune responses in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Paradoxically, CCR2-expressing monocytes/macrophages, particularly in tumor microenvironments, can be strongly immunosuppressive. Thus, targeting the recruitment of immunosuppressive monocytes/macrophages to tumors by CCR2 antagonism has recently been investigated as a strategy to modify the tumor microenvironment and enhance anti-tumor immunity. We present here that beneficial effects of CCR2 antagonism in the tumor setting extend beyond blocking chemotaxis of suppressive myeloid cells. Signaling within the CCL2/CCR2 axis shows underappreciated effects on myeloid cell survival and function polarization. Apart from myeloid cells, T cells are also known to express CCR2. Nevertheless, tissue homing of Treg cells among T cell populations is preferentially affected by CCR2 deficiency. Further, CCR2 signaling also directly enhances Treg functional potency. Thus, although Tregs are not the sole type of T cells expressing CCR2, the net outcome of CCR2 antagonism in T cells favors the anti-tumor arm of immune responses. Finally, the CCL2/CCR2 axis directly contributes to survival/growth and invasion/metastasis of many types of tumors bearing CCR2. Together, CCR2 links to two main types of suppressive immune cells by multiple mechanisms. Such a CCR2-assoicated immunosuppressive network is further entangled with paracrine and autocrine CCR2 signaling of tumor cells. Strategies to target CCL2/CCR2 axis as cancer therapy in the view of three types of CCR2-expessing cells in tumor microenvironment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Fei
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Ren
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijia Yu
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifan Zhan
- Department of Drug Discovery, Shanghai Huaota Biopharm, Shanghai, China
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11
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Fang J, Feng C, Chen W, Hou P, Liu Z, Zuo M, Han Y, Xu C, Melino G, Verkhratsky A, Wang Y, Shao C, Shi Y. Redressing the interactions between stem cells and immune system in tissue regeneration. Biol Direct 2021; 16:18. [PMID: 34670590 PMCID: PMC8527311 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has an extraordinary regenerative capacity reflecting the rapid activation and effective differentiation of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). In the course of muscle regeneration, MuSCs are reprogrammed by immune cells. In turn, MuSCs confer immune cells anti-inflammatory properties to resolve inflammation and facilitate tissue repair. Indeed, MuSCs can exert therapeutic effects on various degenerative and inflammatory disorders based on their immunoregulatory ability, including effects primed by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). At the molecular level, the tryptophan metabolites, kynurenine or kynurenic acid, produced by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), augment the expression of TNF-stimulated gene 6 (TSG6) through the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). In addition, insulin growth factor 2 (IGF2) produced by MuSCs can endow maturing macrophages oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-dependent anti-inflammatory functions. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of the immunomodulatory characteristics of MuSCs and the issues related to their potential applications in pathological conditions, including COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankai Fang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Feng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Wangwang Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengbo Hou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Zhanhong Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Muqiu Zuo
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyi Han
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chenchang Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, TOR, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changshun Shao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yufang Shi
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institutes for Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Scala P, Rehak L, Giudice V, Ciaglia E, Puca AA, Selleri C, Della Porta G, Maffulli N. Stem Cell and Macrophage Roles in Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10867. [PMID: 34639203 PMCID: PMC8509639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In severe muscle injury, skeletal muscle tissue structure and functionality can be repaired through the involvement of several cell types, such as muscle stem cells, and innate immune responses. However, the exact mechanisms behind muscle tissue regeneration, homeostasis, and plasticity are still under investigation, and the discovery of pathways and cell types involved in muscle repair can open the way for novel therapeutic approaches, such as cell-based therapies involving stem cells and peripheral blood mononucleate cells. Indeed, peripheral cell infusions are a new therapy for muscle healing, likely because autologous peripheral blood infusion at the site of injury might enhance innate immune responses, especially those driven by macrophages. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on functions of stem cells and macrophages in skeletal muscle repairs and their roles as components of a promising cell-based therapies for muscle repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Scala
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Laura Rehak
- Athena Biomedical innovations, Viale Europa 139, 50126 Florence, Italy;
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Largo Città d’Ippocrate 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
- Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Largo Città d’Ippocrate 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese 300, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Hematology and Transplant Center, University Hospital “San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona”, Largo Città d’Ippocrate 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Interdepartment Centre BIONAM, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo I, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (P.S.); (V.G.); (E.C.); (A.A.P.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, UK
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13
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Cahill T, Cope H, Bass JJ, Overbey EG, Gilbert R, da Silveira WA, Paul AM, Mishra T, Herranz R, Reinsch SS, Costes SV, Hardiman G, Szewczyk NJ, Tahimic CGT. Mammalian and Invertebrate Models as Complementary Tools for Gaining Mechanistic Insight on Muscle Responses to Spaceflight. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179470. [PMID: 34502375 PMCID: PMC8430797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics approaches have proven useful in understanding biological responses to spaceflight. Spaceflight experiments remain resource intensive and rare. One outstanding issue is how to maximize scientific output from a limited number of omics datasets from traditional animal models including nematodes, fruitfly, and rodents. The utility of omics data from invertebrate models in anticipating mammalian responses to spaceflight has not been fully explored. Hence, we performed comparative analyses of transcriptomes of soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) in mice that underwent 37 days of spaceflight. Results indicate shared stress responses and altered circadian rhythm. EDL showed more robust growth signals and Pde2a downregulation, possibly underlying its resistance to atrophy versus soleus. Spaceflight and hindlimb unloading mice shared differential regulation of proliferation, circadian, and neuronal signaling. Shared gene regulation in muscles of humans on bedrest and space flown rodents suggest targets for mitigating muscle atrophy in space and on Earth. Spaceflight responses of C. elegans were more similar to EDL. Discrete life stages of D. melanogaster have distinct utility in anticipating EDL and soleus responses. In summary, spaceflight leads to shared and discrete molecular responses between muscle types and invertebrate models may augment mechanistic knowledge gained from rodent spaceflight and ground-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cahill
- School of Biological Sciences & Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (T.C.); (W.A.d.S.); (G.H.)
| | - Henry Cope
- Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK;
| | - Joseph J. Bass
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK; (J.J.B.); (N.J.S.)
| | - Eliah G. Overbey
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Rachel Gilbert
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (R.G.); (A.M.P.); (S.S.R.); (S.V.C.)
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046, USA
| | - Willian Abraham da Silveira
- School of Biological Sciences & Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (T.C.); (W.A.d.S.); (G.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Education, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK
| | - Amber M. Paul
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (R.G.); (A.M.P.); (S.S.R.); (S.V.C.)
- Department of Human Factors and Behavioral Neurobiology, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA
- Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Tejaswini Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Raúl Herranz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas–CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sigrid S. Reinsch
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (R.G.); (A.M.P.); (S.S.R.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Sylvain V. Costes
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (R.G.); (A.M.P.); (S.S.R.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences & Institute for Global Food Security, Queens University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK; (T.C.); (W.A.d.S.); (G.H.)
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Nathaniel J. Szewczyk
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2QL, UK; (J.J.B.); (N.J.S.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Candice G. T. Tahimic
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; (R.G.); (A.M.P.); (S.S.R.); (S.V.C.)
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Correspondence:
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Panci G, Chazaud B. Inflammation during post-injury skeletal muscle regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:32-38. [PMID: 34140216 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The adult skeletal muscle fully regenerates after injury thanks to the properties of muscle stem cells that follow the adult myogenic program to replace damaged myofibers. Muscle regeneration also relies upon the coordinated actions of several other cell types, among which immune cells. Leukocytes infiltrate the damaged muscle soon after injury and support the regeneration process in a variety of ways, from the activation of muscle stem cells to the maturation of newly formed myofibers. Leukocytes also interact with other cell types such as fibroadipogenic precursors and endothelial cells. This review presents the interactions that leukocytes develop with the cells present in their vicinity and the impact they have on skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Panci
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, F-69008 Lyon, France.
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université Lyon, Faculté de Médecine, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, F-69008 Lyon, France.
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15
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Patsalos A, Tzerpos P, Wei X, Nagy L. Myeloid cell diversification during regenerative inflammation: Lessons from skeletal muscle. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:89-100. [PMID: 34016524 PMCID: PMC8530826 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of tissue and organ regeneration in adult animals and humans is of great interest from a basic biology as well as a medical, therapeutical point of view. It is increasingly clear that the relatively limited ability to regenerate tissues and organs in mammals as oppose to lower vertebrates is the consequence of evolutionary trade-offs and changes during development and aging. Thus, the coordinated interaction of the immune system, particularly the innate part of it, and the injured, degenerated parenchymal tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, lung, or kidney shape physiological and also pathological processes. In this review, we provide an overview of how morphologically and functionally complete (ad integrum) regeneration is achieved using skeletal muscle as a model. We will review recent advances about the differentiation, activation, and subtype specification of circulating monocyte to resolution or repair-type macrophages during the process we term regenerative inflammation, resulting in complete restoration of skeletal muscle in murine models of toxin-induced injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Patsalos
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Petros Tzerpos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA
| | - Laszlo Nagy
- Departments of Medicine and Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nuclear Receptor Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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16
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Ziemkiewicz N, Hilliard G, Pullen NA, Garg K. The Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3265. [PMID: 33806895 PMCID: PMC8005179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration is highly dependent on the inflammatory response. A wide variety of innate and adaptive immune cells orchestrate the complex process of muscle repair. This review provides information about the various types of immune cells and biomolecules that have been shown to mediate muscle regeneration following injury and degenerative diseases. Recently developed cell and drug-based immunomodulatory strategies are highlighted. An improved understanding of the immune response to injured and diseased skeletal muscle will be essential for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ziemkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Genevieve Hilliard
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
| | - Nicholas A. Pullen
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado, CO 80639, USA;
| | - Koyal Garg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, 3507 Lindell Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA;
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17
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The linkage between inflammation and fibrosis in muscular dystrophies: The axis autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid as a new therapeutic target? J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:317-334. [PMID: 33689121 PMCID: PMC8222483 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00610-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a diverse group of severe disorders characterized by increased skeletal muscle feebleness. In many cases, respiratory and cardiac muscles are also compromised. Skeletal muscle inflammation and fibrosis are hallmarks of several skeletal muscle diseases, including MDs. Until now, several keys signaling pathways and factors that regulate inflammation and fibrosis have been identified. However, no curative treatments are available. Therefore, it is necessary to find new therapeutic targets to fight these diseases and improve muscle performance. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an active glycerophospholipid mainly synthesized by the secreted enzyme autotaxin (ATX), which activates six different G protein-coupled receptors named LPA1 to LPA6 (LPARs). In conjunction, they are part of the ATX/LPA/LPARs axis, involved in the inflammatory and fibrotic response in several organs-tissues. This review recapitulates the most relevant aspects of inflammation and fibrosis in MDs. It analyzes experimental evidence of the effects of the ATX/LPA/LPARs axis on inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Finally, we speculate about its potential role as a new therapeutic pharmacological target to treat these diseases.
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18
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Howard ZM, Lowe J, Blatnik AJ, Roberts D, Burghes AHM, Bansal SS, Rafael-Fortney JA. Early Inflammation in Muscular Dystrophy Differs between Limb and Respiratory Muscles and Increases with Dystrophic Severity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:730-747. [PMID: 33497702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic, degenerative, striated muscle disease exacerbated by chronic inflammation. Mdx mice in the genotypic DMD model poorly represent immune-mediated pathology observed in patients. Improved understanding of innate immunity in dystrophic muscles is required to develop specific anti-inflammatory treatments. Here, inflammation in mdx mice and the more fibrotic utrn+/-;mdx Het model was comprehensively investigated. Unbiased analysis showed that mdx and Het mice contain increased levels of numerous chemokines and cytokines, with further increased in Het mice. Chemokine and chemokine receptor gene expression levels were dramatically increased in 4-week-old dystrophic quadriceps muscles, and to a lesser extent in diaphragm during the early injury phase, and had a small but consistent increase at 8 and 20 weeks. An optimized direct immune cell isolation method prevented loss of up to 90% of macrophages with density-dependent centrifugation previously used for mdx flow cytometry. Het quadriceps contain higher proportions of neutrophils and infiltrating monocytes than mdx, and higher percentages of F4/80Hi, but lower percentages of F4/80Lo cells and patrolling monocytes compared with Het diaphragms. These differences may restrict regenerative potential of dystrophic diaphragms, increasing pathologic severity. Fibrotic and inflammatory gene expression levels are higher in myeloid cells isolated from Het compared with mdx quadriceps, supporting Het mice may represent an improved model for testing therapeutic manipulation of inflammation in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Howard
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeovanna Lowe
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Anton J Blatnik
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Deztani Roberts
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Arthur H M Burghes
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Shyam S Bansal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
| | - Jill A Rafael-Fortney
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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19
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Wang L, Li H, Lin J, He R, Chen M, Zhang Y, Liao Z, Zhang C. CCR2 improves homing and engraftment of adipose-derived stem cells in dystrophic mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 33413615 PMCID: PMC7791736 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dystrophinopathy, a common neuromuscular disorder caused by the absence of dystrophin, currently lacks effective treatments. Systemic transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) is a promising treatment approach, but its low efficacy remains a challenge. Chemokine system-mediated stem cell homing plays a critical role in systemic transplantation. Here, we investigated whether overexpression of a specific chemokine receptor could improve muscle homing and therapeutic effects of ADSC systemic transplantation in dystrophic mice. Methods We analysed multiple microarray datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus to identify a candidate chemokine receptor and then evaluated the protein expression of target ligands in different tissues and organs of dystrophic mice. The candidate chemokine receptor was overexpressed using the lentiviral system in mouse ADSCs, which were used for systemic transplantation into the dystrophic mice, followed by evaluation of motor function, stem cell muscle homing, dystrophin expression, and muscle pathology. Results Chemokine-profile analysis identified C–C chemokine receptor (CCR)2 as the potential target for improving ADSC homing. We found that the levels of its ligands C–C chemokine ligand (CCL)2 and CCL7 were higher in muscles than in other tissues and organs of dystrophic mice. Additionally, CCR2 overexpression improved ADSC migration ability and maintained their multilineage-differentiation potentials. Compared with control ADSCs, transplantation of those overexpressing CCR2 displayed better muscle homing and further improved motor function, dystrophin expression, and muscle pathology in dystrophic mice. Conclusions These results demonstrated that CCR2 improved ADSC muscle homing and therapeutic effects following systemic transplantation in dystrophic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, GD, China.,National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, GD, 510080, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, GD, China.,National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, GD, 510080, China
| | - Jinfu Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, GD, China.,National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, GD, 510080, China
| | - Ruojie He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, GD, China.,National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, GD, 510080, China
| | - Menglong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, No. 613 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, GD, 510630, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital, No. 613 Huangpu Road, Guangzhou, GD, 510630, China
| | - Ziyu Liao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, GD, China.,National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, GD, 510080, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, GD, China. .,National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, GD, 510080, China.
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20
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Bonomo AC, Pinto-Mariz F, Riederer I, Benjamim CF, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V, Savino W. Crosstalk Between Innate and T Cell Adaptive Immunity With(in) the Muscle. Front Physiol 2020; 11:573347. [PMID: 33071827 PMCID: PMC7531250 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.573347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates a continuous interaction between the immune system and the skeletal muscle in inflammatory diseases of different pathogenetic origins, in dystrophic conditions such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy as well as during normal muscle regeneration. Although one component of the innate immunity, the macrophage, has been extensively studied both in disease conditions and during cell or gene therapy strategies aiming at restoring muscular functions, much less is known about dendritic cells and their primary immunological targets, the T lymphocytes. This review will focus on the dendritic cells and T lymphocytes (including effector and regulatory T-cells), emphasizing the potential cross talk between these cell types and their influence on the structure and function of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana C Bonomo
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pinto-Mariz
- Marzagão Gesteira Institute of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ingo Riederer
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia F Benjamim
- Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program of Immunobiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, U974, Center for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut de Myologie, U974, Center for Research in Myology, Paris, France
| | - Wilson Savino
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (RENEURIN), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Calcaterra V, Regalbuto C, Porri D, Pelizzo G, Mazzon E, Vinci F, Zuccotti G, Fabiano V, Cena H. Inflammation in Obesity-Related Complications in Children: The Protective Effect of Diet and Its Potential Role as a Therapeutic Agent. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1324. [PMID: 32947869 PMCID: PMC7564478 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem in both children and adults, impairing physical and mental state and impacting health care system costs in both developed and developing countries. It is well-known that individuals with excessive weight gain frequently develop obesity-related complications, which are mainly known as Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and many other risk factors proven to be associated with chronic inflammation, causing disability and reduced life expectancy. This review aims to present and discuss complications related to inflammation in pediatric obesity, the critical role of nutrition and diet in obesity-comorbidity prevention and treatment, and the impact of lifestyle. Appropriate early dietary intervention for the management of pediatric overweight and obesity is recommended for overall healthy growth and prevention of comorbidities in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy; (G.Z.); (V.F.)
| | - Corrado Regalbuto
- Pediatric Unit, Fond. IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Debora Porri
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.P.); (H.C.)
| | - Gloria Pelizzo
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20153 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Surgery Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, 98124 Messina, Italy;
| | - Federica Vinci
- Pediatric Unit, Fond. IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo and University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.R.); (F.V.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy; (G.Z.); (V.F.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20153 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valentina Fabiano
- Pediatric Unit, “V. Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20153 Milan, Italy; (G.Z.); (V.F.)
- “L. Sacco” Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, 20153 Milan, Italy;
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.P.); (H.C.)
- Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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22
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Welc SS, Wehling-Henricks M, Antoun J, Ha TT, Tous I, Tidball JG. Differential Effects of Myeloid Cell PPARδ and IL-10 in Regulating Macrophage Recruitment, Phenotype, and Regeneration following Acute Muscle Injury. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:1664-1677. [PMID: 32817369 PMCID: PMC7484367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Changes in macrophage phenotype in injured muscle profoundly influence regeneration. In particular, the shift of macrophages from a proinflammatory (M1 biased) phenotype to a proregenerative (M2 biased) phenotype characterized by expression of CD206 and CD163 is essential for normal repair. According to the current canonical mechanism regulating for M1/M2 phenotype transition, signaling through PPARδ is necessary for obtaining the M2-biased phenotype. Our findings confirm that the murine myeloid cell-targeted deletion of Ppard reduces expression in vitro of genes that are activated in M2-biased macrophages; however, the mutation in mice in vivo increased numbers of CD206+ M2-biased macrophages and did not reduce the expression of phenotypic markers of M2-biased macrophages in regenerating muscle. Nevertheless, the mutation impaired CCL2-mediated chemotaxis of macrophages and slowed revascularization of injured muscle. In contrast, null mutation of IL-10 diminished M2-biased macrophages but produced no defects in muscle revascularization. Our results provide two significant findings. First, they illustrate that mechanisms that regulate macrophage phenotype transitions in vitro are not always predictive of mechanisms that are most important in vivo. Second, they show that mechanisms that regulate macrophage phenotype transitions differ in different in vivo environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S Welc
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Michelle Wehling-Henricks
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Jacqueline Antoun
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Tracey T Ha
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Isabella Tous
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - James G Tidball
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095;
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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23
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Blanc RS, Kallenbach JG, Bachman JF, Mitchell A, Paris ND, Chakkalakal JV. Inhibition of inflammatory CCR2 signaling promotes aged muscle regeneration and strength recovery after injury. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4167. [PMID: 32820177 PMCID: PMC7441393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle regeneration depends on a robust albeit transient inflammatory response. Persistent inflammation is a feature of age-related regenerative deficits, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we find inflammatory-related CC-chemokine-receptor 2 (Ccr2) expression in non-hematopoietic myogenic progenitors (MPs) during regeneration. After injury, the expression of Ccr2 in MPs corresponds to the levels of its ligands, the chemokines Ccl2, 7, and 8. We find stimulation of Ccr2-activity inhibits MP fusion and contribution to myofibers. This occurs in association with increases in MAPKp38δ/γ signaling, MyoD phosphorylation, and repression of the terminal myogenic commitment factor Myogenin. High levels of Ccr2-chemokines are a feature of regenerating aged muscle. Correspondingly, deletion of Ccr2 in MPs is necessary for proper fusion into regenerating aged muscle. Finally, opportune Ccr2 inhibition after injury enhances aged regeneration and functional recovery. These results demonstrate that inflammatory-induced activation of Ccr2 signaling in myogenic cells contributes to aged muscle regenerative decline. Chronic inflammation is a feature of age-related regenerative decline in skeletal muscles, but how it directly affects resident muscle stem cell fate and function is unclear. Here, the authors show that Ccr2 signaling in muscle stem cell derived progenitors represses terminal myogenic differentiation, and that targeting Ccr2 on aged myogenic progenitors rejuvenates aged skeletal muscle healing and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roméo S Blanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacob G Kallenbach
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John F Bachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Mitchell
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nicole D Paris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Wilmot Cancer Institute, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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24
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Forcina L, Cosentino M, Musarò A. Mechanisms Regulating Muscle Regeneration: Insights into the Interrelated and Time-Dependent Phases of Tissue Healing. Cells 2020; 9:E1297. [PMID: 32456017 PMCID: PMC7290814 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a massive body of knowledge which has been produced related to the mechanisms guiding muscle regeneration, great interest still moves the scientific community toward the study of different aspects of skeletal muscle homeostasis, plasticity, and regeneration. Indeed, the lack of effective therapies for several physiopathologic conditions suggests that a comprehensive knowledge of the different aspects of cellular behavior and molecular pathways, regulating each regenerative stage, has to be still devised. Hence, it is important to perform even more focused studies, taking the advantage of robust markers, reliable techniques, and reproducible protocols. Here, we provide an overview about the general aspects of muscle regeneration and discuss the different approaches to study the interrelated and time-dependent phases of muscle healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonio Musarò
- Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.F.); (M.C.)
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25
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Prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 reduction enhances skeletal muscle tissue regeneration after soft tissue trauma in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233261. [PMID: 32413092 PMCID: PMC7228053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) plays a pivotal role in tissue regeneration. HIF-1 is negatively controlled by O2-dependent prolyl hydroxylases with a predominant role of prolyl hydroxylase 2 isoform (Phd2). Transgenic mice, hypomorphic for this isoform, accumulate more HIF-1 under normoxic conditions. Using these mice, we investigated the influence of Phd2 and HIF-1 on the regenerative capability of skeletal muscle tissue after myotrauma. Phd2-hypomorphic and wild type mice (on C57Bl/6 background) were grouped with regeneration times from 6 to 168 hours after closed mechanic muscle trauma to the hind limb. Tissue samples were analysed by immuno-staining and real-time PCR. Bone marrow derived macrophages of wild type and Phd2-hypomorphic mice were isolated and analysed via flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. Phd2 reduction led to a higher regenerative capability due to enhanced activation of myogenic factors accompanied by induction of genes responsible for glucose and lactate metabolism in Phd2-hypomorphic mice. Macrophage infiltration into the trauma areas in hypomorphic mice started earlier and was more pronounced compared to wild type mice. Phd2-hypomorphic mice also showed higher numbers of macrophages in areas with sustained trauma 72 hours after myotrauma application. In conclusion, we postulate that the HIF-1 pathway is activated secondary to a Phd2 reduction which may lead to i) higher activation of myogenic factors, ii) increased number of positive stem cell proliferation markers, and iii) accelerated macrophage recruitment to areas of trauma, resulting in faster muscle tissue regeneration after myotrauma. With the current development of prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors, our findings point towards a potential clinical benefit after myotrauma.
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26
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Greising SM, Corona BT, McGann C, Frankum JK, Warren GL. Therapeutic Approaches for Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 25:510-525. [PMID: 31578930 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our goal was to understand the impact of regenerative therapies on the functional capacity of skeletal muscle following volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. An extensive database search (e.g., PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov) was conducted up through January 2019 to evaluate the following: "In humans or animals with VML injury, is treatment better than no treatment at recovering functional capacity?" Study eligibility criteria required studies to have both an untreated and at least one treated VML injury group. From 2312 study reports, 44 studies met the inclusion criteria. Quantitative functional capacity data (absolute and/or normalized strength) or proportional measures (histological analysis quantifying viable muscle tissue, mitochondrial function, and/or exhaustive treadmill running) were extracted for use. While both human and animal studies were included in the searches, only animal studies met the eligibility criteria. Using a random-effects model, Hedges' g was used as the effect size (ES) and calculated such that a positive ES indicated treatment efficacy. The overall ES was 0.75 (95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.96; p < 0.0000001), indicating that the treatments, on average, resulted in a significant improvement in functional capacity. From network meta-analyses, it was determined that an acellular biomaterial combined with stem and/or progenitor cells had the greatest treatment effectiveness. The findings indicate that various treatments in animal models of VML improve the functional capacity of muscle compared to leaving the injury untreated; however, the ∼16% beneficial effect is small. Our results suggest that current regenerative therapy paradigms require further maturation to achieve clinically meaningful improvements in the functional capacity of the muscle. Impact Statement Our most salient findings are that (1) various treatment approaches used in animal models of volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury improve functional capacity compared to leaving the injury untreated and (2) an acellular biomaterial in combination with cellular components was the most effective treatment to improve functional capacity following VML injury to date. The nature of our findings has substantial implications for regenerative medicine, biomedical engineering, and rehabilitative techniques currently being evaluated and developed for VML injury repair, and are pivotal to the progression of the regenerative medicine effort aimed at restoring maximal function to traumatized and disabled limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Greising
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Benjamin T Corona
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Christopher McGann
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jeremy K Frankum
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gordon L Warren
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
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27
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Glycine administration attenuates progression of dystrophic pathology in prednisolone-treated dystrophin/utrophin null mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12982. [PMID: 31506484 PMCID: PMC6736947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked genetic disease characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness and premature death. Glucocorticoids (e.g. prednisolone) remain the only drugs with a favorable impact on DMD patients, but not without side effects. We have demonstrated that glycine preserves muscle in various wasting models. Since glycine effectively suppresses the activity of pro-inflammatory macrophages, we investigated the potential of glycine treatment to ameliorate the dystrophic pathology. Dystrophic mdx and dystrophin-utrophin null (dko) mice were treated with glycine or L-alanine (amino acid control) for up to 15 weeks and voluntary running distance (a quality of life marker and strong correlate of lifespan in dko mice) and muscle morphology were assessed. Glycine increased voluntary running distance in mdx mice by 90% (P < 0.05) after 2 weeks and by 60% (P < 0.01) in dko mice co-treated with prednisolone over an 8 week treatment period. Glycine treatment attenuated fibrotic deposition in the diaphragm by 28% (P < 0.05) after 10 weeks in mdx mice and by 22% (P < 0.02) after 14 weeks in dko mice. Glycine treatment augmented the prednisolone-induced reduction in fibrosis in diaphragm muscles of dko mice (23%, P < 0.05) after 8 weeks. Our findings provide strong evidence that glycine supplementation may be a safe, simple and effective adjuvant for improving the efficacy of prednisolone treatment and improving the quality of life for DMD patients.
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28
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Song T, Sadayappan S. Featured characteristics and pivotal roles of satellite cells in skeletal muscle regeneration. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 41:341-353. [PMID: 31494813 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, the essential organ for locomotion, as well as energy reservoir and expenditure, has robust regenerative capacity in response to mechanical stress and injury. As muscle-specific stem cells, satellite cells are responsible for providing new myoblasts during the process of muscle growth and regeneration. Self-renewal capacity and the fate of satellite cells are highly regulated and influenced by their surrounding factors, such as extracellular matrix and soluble proteins. The strong myogenic potential of satellite cells makes them a potential resource for stem cell therapy to cure genetic muscle disease and repair injured muscle. Here, we both review key features of satellite cells during skeletal muscle development and regeneration and summarize recent outcomes of satellite cell transplantation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejeong Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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29
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Biferali B, Proietti D, Mozzetta C, Madaro L. Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors Cross-Talk in Skeletal Muscle: The Social Network. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1074. [PMID: 31496956 PMCID: PMC6713247 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is composed of a large and heterogeneous assortment of cell populations that interact with each other to maintain muscle homeostasis and orchestrate regeneration. Although satellite cells (SCs) – which are muscle stem cells – are the protagonists of functional muscle repair following damage, several other cells such as inflammatory, vascular, and mesenchymal cells coordinate muscle regeneration in a finely tuned process. Fibro–adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are a muscle interstitial mesenchymal cell population, which supports SCs differentiation during tissue regeneration. During the first days following muscle injury FAPs undergo massive expansion, which is followed by their macrophage-mediated clearance and the re-establishment of their steady-state pool. It is during this critical time window that FAPs, together with the other cellular components of the muscle stem cell niche, establish a dynamic network of interactions that culminate in muscle repair. A number of different molecules have been recently identified as important mediators of this cross-talk, and its alteration has been associated with different muscle pathologies. In this review, we will focus on the soluble factors that regulate FAPs activity, highlighting their roles in orchestrating the inter-cellular interactions between FAPs and the other cell populations that participate in muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Biferali
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daisy Proietti
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mozzetta
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology (IBPM), CNR National Research Council of Italy, c/o Department of Biology and Biotechnology "C. Darwin," Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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30
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Fibroadipogenic progenitors are responsible for muscle loss in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2430. [PMID: 31160583 PMCID: PMC6547715 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle loss due to fibrotic or adipogenic replacement of myofibers is common in muscle diseases and muscle-resident fibro/adipogenic precursors (FAPs) are implicated in this process. While FAP-mediated muscle fibrosis is widely studied in muscle diseases, the role of FAPs in adipogenic muscle loss is not well understood. Adipogenic muscle loss is a feature of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B (LGMD2B) - a disease caused by mutations in dysferlin. Here we show that FAPs cause the adipogenic loss of dysferlin deficient muscle. Progressive accumulation of Annexin A2 (AnxA2) in the myofiber matrix causes FAP differentiation into adipocytes. Lack of AnxA2 prevents FAP adipogenesis, protecting against adipogenic loss of dysferlinopathic muscle while exogenous AnxA2 enhances muscle loss. Pharmacological inhibition of FAP adipogenesis arrests adipogenic replacement and degeneration of dysferlin-deficient muscle. These results demonstrate the pathogenic role of FAPs in LGMD2B and establish these cells as therapeutic targets to ameliorate muscle loss in patients.
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31
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Theret M, Mounier R, Rossi F. The origins and non-canonical functions of macrophages in development and regeneration. Development 2019; 146:146/9/dev156000. [PMID: 31048317 DOI: 10.1242/dev.156000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new non-canonical (i.e. non-innate immune) functions of macrophages has been a recurring theme over the past 20 years. Indeed, it has emerged that macrophages can influence the development, homeostasis, maintenance and regeneration of many tissues and organs, including skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, the brain and the liver, in part by acting directly on tissue-resident stem cells. In addition, macrophages play crucial roles in diseases such as obesity-associated diabetes or cancers. Increased knowledge of their regulatory roles within each tissue will therefore help us to better understand the full extent of their functions and could highlight new mechanisms modulating disease pathogenesis. In this Review, we discuss recent studies that have elucidated the developmental origins of various macrophage populations and summarize our knowledge of the non-canonical functions of macrophages in development, regeneration and tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Theret
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institut Neuromyogène, CNRS UMR 5310, INSERM U1217, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Fabio Rossi
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, 317-2194 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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32
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De Santa F, Vitiello L, Torcinaro A, Ferraro E. The Role of Metabolic Remodeling in Macrophage Polarization and Its Effect on Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1553-1598. [PMID: 30070144 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Macrophages are crucial for tissue homeostasis. Based on their activation, they might display classical/M1 or alternative/M2 phenotypes. M1 macrophages produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO). M2 macrophages upregulate arginase-1 and reduce NO and ROS levels; they also release anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and polyamines, thus promoting angiogenesis and tissue healing. Moreover, M1 and M2 display key metabolic differences; M1 polarization is characterized by an enhancement in glycolysis and in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) along with a decreased oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), whereas M2 are characterized by an efficient OxPhos and reduced PPP. Recent Advances: The glutamine-related metabolism has been discovered as crucial for M2 polarization. Vice versa, flux discontinuities in the Krebs cycle are considered additional M1 features; they lead to increased levels of immunoresponsive gene 1 and itaconic acid, to isocitrate dehydrogenase 1-downregulation and to succinate, citrate, and isocitrate over-expression. Critical Issues: A macrophage classification problem, particularly in vivo, originating from a gap in the knowledge of the several intermediate polarization statuses between the M1 and M2 extremes, characterizes this field. Moreover, the detailed features of metabolic reprogramming crucial for macrophage polarization are largely unknown; in particular, the role of β-oxidation is highly controversial. Future Directions: Manipulating the metabolism to redirect macrophage polarization might be useful in various pathologies, including an efficient skeletal muscle regeneration. Unraveling the complexity pertaining to metabolic signatures that are specific for the different macrophage subsets is crucial for identifying new compounds that are able to trigger macrophage polarization and that might be used for therapeutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Santa
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Vitiello
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Cachexia and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Torcinaro
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin," Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Cachexia and Metabolism of Skeletal Muscle, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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Ether-Oxygen Containing Electrospun Microfibrous and Sub-Microfibrous Scaffolds Based on Poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103212. [PMID: 30336625 PMCID: PMC6214009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the study of novel biodegradable electrospun scaffolds from poly(butylene 1,4-cyclohexandicarboxylate-co-triethylene cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (P(BCE-co-TECE)) as support for in vitro and in vivo muscle tissue regeneration. We demonstrate that chemical composition, i.e., the amount of TECE co-units (constituted of polyethylene glycol-like moieties), and fibre morphology, i.e., aligned microfibrous or sub-microfibrous scaffolds, are crucial in determining the material biocompatibility. Indeed, the presence of ether linkages influences surface wettability, mechanical properties, hydrolytic degradation rate, and density of cell anchoring points of the studied materials. On the other hand, electrospun scaffolds improve cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation by favouring cell alignment along fibre direction (fibre morphology), also allowing for better cell infiltration and oxygen and nutrient diffusion (fibre size). Overall, C2C12 myogenic cells highly differentiated into mature myotubes when cultured on microfibres realised with the copolymer richest in TECE co-units (micro-P73 mat). Lastly, when transplanted in the tibialis anterior muscles of healthy, injured, or dystrophic mice, micro-P73 mat appeared highly vascularised, colonised by murine cells and perfectly integrated with host muscles, thus confirming the suitability of P(BCE-co-TECE) scaffolds as substrates for skeletal muscle tissue engineering.
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Le G, Novotny SA, Mader TL, Greising SM, Chan SSK, Kyba M, Lowe DA, Warren GL. A moderate oestradiol level enhances neutrophil number and activity in muscle after traumatic injury but strength recovery is accelerated. J Physiol 2018; 596:4665-4680. [PMID: 30035314 PMCID: PMC6166067 DOI: 10.1113/jp276432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS The female hormone oestrogen may protect muscle from injury by reducing inflammation but this is debatable. In this study, the inflammatory response of injured muscle from oestrogen-replete mice was comprehensively compared to that from oestrogen-deficient mice. We show that oestrogen markedly promotes movement of neutrophils, an inflammatory white blood cell type, into muscle over the first few days after injury but has only a minor effect on the movement of macrophages, another inflammatory cell type. Despite the enhancement of inflammation by oestrogen in injured muscle, we found strength in oestrogen-replete mice to recover faster and to a greater extent than it does in oestrogen-deficient mice. Our study and others indicate that lower doses of oestrogen, such as that used in our study, may affect muscle inflammation and injury differently from higher doses. ABSTRACT Oestrogen has been shown to protect against skeletal muscle injury and a reduced inflammatory response has been suggested as a possible protective mechanism. There are, however, dissenting reports. Our objective was to conduct an unbiased, comprehensive study of the effect of oestradiol on the inflammatory response following muscle injury. Female C57BL6/J mice were ovariectomized and supplemented with and without oestradiol. Tibialis anterior muscles were freeze injured and studied primarily at 1-4 days post-injury. Oestradiol supplementation increased injured muscle gene expression of neutrophil chemoattractants (Cxcl1 and Cxcl5) and to a lesser extent that of monocyte/macrophage chemoattractants (Ccl2 and Spp1). Oestradiol markedly increased gene expression of the neutrophil cell surface marker (Ly6g) but had less consistent effects on the monocyte/macrophage cell surface markers (Cd68, Cd163 and Cd206). These results were confirmed at the protein level by immunoblot with oestradiol increasing LY6G/C content and having no significant effect on CD163 content. These findings were confirmed with fluorescence-activated cell sorting counts of neutrophils and macrophages in injured muscles; oestradiol increased the proportion of CD45+ cells that were neutrophils (LY6G+ ) but not the proportion that were macrophages (CD68+ or CD206+ ). Physiological impact of the oestradiol-enhanced neutrophil response was assessed by strength measurements. There was no significant difference in strength between oestradiol-supplemented and -unsupplemented mice until 2 weeks post-injury; strength was 13-24% greater in supplemented mice at 2-6 weeks post-injury. In conclusion, a moderate level of oestradiol supplementation enhances neutrophil infiltration in injured muscle and this is associated with a beneficial effect on strength recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengyun Le
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Susan A. Novotny
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Tara L. Mader
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Sarah M. Greising
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Sunny S. K. Chan
- Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Dawn A. Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation MedicineUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMNUSA
| | - Gordon L. Warren
- Department of Physical TherapyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
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Virgilio KM, Martin KS, Peirce SM, Blemker SS. Agent-based model illustrates the role of the microenvironment in regeneration in healthy and mdx skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1424-1439. [PMID: 30070607 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00379.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disease with no effective treatment. Multiple mechanisms are thought to contribute to muscle wasting, including increased susceptibility to contraction-induced damage, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, altered satellite stem cell (SSC) dynamics, and impaired regenerative capacity. The goals of this project were to 1) develop an agent-based model of skeletal muscle that predicts the dynamic regenerative response of muscle cells, fibroblasts, SSCs, and inflammatory cells as a result of contraction-induced injury, 2) calibrate and validate the model parameters based on comparisons with published experimental measurements, and 3) use the model to investigate how changing isolated and combined factors known to be associated with DMD (e.g., altered fibroblast or SSC behaviors) influence muscle regeneration. Our predictions revealed that the percent of injured muscle that recovered 28 days after injury was dependent on the peak SSC counts following injury. In simulations with near-full cross-sectional area recovery (healthy, 4-wk mdx, 3-mo mdx), the SSC counts correlated with the extent of initial injury; however, in simulations with impaired regeneration (9-mo mdx), the peak SSC counts were suppressed relative to initial injury. The differences in SSC counts between these groups were emergent predictions dependent on altered microenvironment factors known to be associated with DMD. Multiple cell types influenced the peak number of SSCs, but no individual parameter predicted the differences in SSC counts. This finding suggests that interventions to target the microenvironment rather than SSCs directly could be an effective method for improving regeneration in impaired muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A computational model predicted that satellite stem cell (SSC) counts are correlated with muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) recovery following injury. In simulations with impaired CSA recovery, SSC counts are suppressed relative to healthy muscle. The suppressed SSC counts were an emergent model prediction, because all simulations had equal initial SSC counts. Fibroblast and anti-inflammatory macrophage counts influenced SSC counts, but no single factor was able to predict the pathological differences in SSC counts that lead to impaired regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley M Virgilio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kyle S Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Shayn M Peirce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Silvia S Blemker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Xu P, Werner JU, Milerski S, Hamp CM, Kuzenko T, Jähnert M, Gottmann P, de Roy L, Warnecke D, Abaei A, Palmer A, Huber-Lang M, Dürselen L, Rasche V, Schürmann A, Wabitsch M, Knippschild U. Diet-Induced Obesity Affects Muscle Regeneration After Murine Blunt Muscle Trauma-A Broad Spectrum Analysis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:674. [PMID: 29922174 PMCID: PMC5996306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to skeletal muscle affects millions of people worldwide. The underlying regenerative process however, is a very complex mechanism, time-wise highly coordinated, and subdivided in an initial inflammatory, a regenerative and a remodeling phase. Muscle regeneration can be impaired by several factors, among them diet-induced obesity (DIO). In order to evaluate if obesity negatively affects healing processes after trauma, we utilized a blunt injury approach to damage the extensor iliotibialis anticus muscle on the left hind limb of obese and normal weight C57BL/6J without showing any significant differences in force input between normal weight and obese mice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the injury and regeneration process revealed edema formation and hemorrhage exudate in muscle tissue of normal weight and obese mice. In addition, morphological analysis of physiological changes revealed tissue necrosis, immune cell infiltration, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and fibrosis formation in the damaged muscle tissue. Regeneration was delayed in muscles of obese mice, with a higher incidence of fibrosis formation due to hampered expression levels of genes involved in ECM organization. Furthermore, a detailed molecular fingerprint in different stages of muscle regeneration underlined a delay or even lack of a regenerative response to injury in obese mice. A time-lapse heatmap determined 81 differentially expressed genes (DEG) with at least three hits in our model at all-time points, suggesting key candidates with a high impact on muscle regeneration. Pathway analysis of the DEG revealed five pathways with a high confidence level: myeloid leukocyte migration, regulation of tumor necrosis factor production, CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell differentiation, ECM organization, and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Moreover, changes in complement-, Wnt-, and satellite cell-related genes were found to be impaired in obese animals after trauma. Furthermore, histological satellite cell evaluation showed lower satellite cell numbers in the obese model upon injury. Ankrd1, C3ar1, Ccl8, Mpeg1, and Myog expression levels were also verified by qPCR. In summary, increased fibrosis formation, the reduction of Pax7+ satellite cells as well as specific changes in gene expression and signaling pathways could explain the delay of tissue regeneration in obese mice post trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Werner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Milerski
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carmen M Hamp
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kuzenko
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Jähnert
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Pascal Gottmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Luisa de Roy
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Warnecke
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Core facility "Small Animal Imaging", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Center for Trauma Research, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Core facility "Small Animal Imaging", Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Ulm University Hospital for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
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Sharma A, Rudra D. Emerging Functions of Regulatory T Cells in Tissue Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:883. [PMID: 29887862 PMCID: PMC5989423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are a unique subset of helper T-cells, which regulate immune response and establish peripheral tolerance. Tregs not only maintain the tone and tenor of an immune response by dominant tolerance but, in recent years, have also been identified as key players in resolving tissue inflammation and as mediators of tissue healing. Apart from being diverse in their origin (thymic and peripheral) and location (lymphoid and tissue resident), Tregs are also phenotypically heterogeneous as per the orientation of ongoing immune response. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in the field of Treg biology in general, and non-lymphoid and tissue-resident Tregs in particular. We elaborate upon well-known visceral adipose tissue, colon, skin, and tumor-infiltrating Tregs and newly identified tissue Treg populations as in lungs, skeletal muscle, placenta, and other tissues. Our attempt is to differentiate Tregs based on distinctive properties of their location, origin, ligand specificity, chemotaxis, and specific suppressive mechanisms. Despite ever expanding roles in maintaining systemic homeostasis, Tregs are employed by large varieties of tumors to dampen antitumor immunity. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of Treg biology in the context of inflammation can be instrumental in effectively managing tissue transplantation, autoimmunity, and antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Sharma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
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Morelli KM, Brown LB, Warren GL. Effect of NSAIDs on Recovery From Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:224-233. [PMID: 28355084 DOI: 10.1177/0363546517697957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is debate as to whether the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is beneficial after acute skeletal muscle injury. Some studies have suggested that NSAID use may be detrimental to injured muscle. PURPOSE To determine whether NSAID use affects recovery from skeletal muscle injury as assessed by strength loss, soreness, and/or blood creatine kinase level. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS An extensive systematic review was completed searching 16 databases (eg, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE). Inclusion criteria were (1) acute injury to skeletal muscle, (2) use of a control condition, (3) certainty of the NSAID dose administered, and (4) use of 1 or more of the 3 desired outcome measures. A total of 5343 study reports were screened, of which 41 studies were deemed suitable for inclusion. The standardized mean difference was used as the effect size (ES) and was calculated such that a positive ES indicated NSAID efficacy. Meta-analyses were run using a random-effects model. RESULTS For all studies, time points after injury, and injury markers combined, NSAID use was found to elicit a small to medium, significant decrease in the markers of injury (overall ES = +0.34; P = .0001). Because heterogeneity in study ES was apparent (ie, Q- df = 52.4, P = .000005; I2 = 57%), subgroup meta-analyses and meta-regressions were run in an attempt to explain the heterogeneity. In human studies, study ESs were higher when lower body muscles were injured ( P = .045). In animal studies, study ESs were lower with longer NSAID administration durations ( P = .023) and at longer follow-up times after injury ( P = .010). CONCLUSION Overall, our analysis supports NSAID use for reducing strength loss, soreness, and blood creatine kinase level after an acute muscle injury, at least for humans and in the short term. Additional research is required to determine why NSAID use appears to be more effective when lower-body muscles in humans are injured. It would also be important to determine why NSAID use appears detrimental at later times after injury in animals but not humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Morelli
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Laura B Brown
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gordon L Warren
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Corona BT, Rivera JC, Greising SM. Inflammatory and Physiological Consequences of Debridement of Fibrous Tissue after Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury. Clin Transl Sci 2017; 11:208-217. [PMID: 29193769 PMCID: PMC5867018 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries present chronic loss of muscle fibers followed by expansive fibrotic tissue deposition. Regenerative medicine therapies are under development to promote regeneration. However, mitigation of the expansive fibrous tissue is required for integration with the remaining muscle. Using a porcine VML model, delayed debridement of injury fibrosis was performed 3 months post‐VML and observed for an additional 4 weeks. A second group underwent the initial VML and was observed for 4 weeks, allowing comparison of initial fibrosis formation and debrided groups. The following salient observations were made: (i) debridement neither exacerbated nor ameliorated strength deficits; (ii) debridement results in recurrent fibrotic tissue deposition of a similar magnitude and composition as acute VML injury; and (iii) similarly upregulated transcriptional fibrotic and transcriptional pathways persist 4 weeks after initial VML or delayed debridement. This highlights the need for future studies to investigate adjunctive antifibrotic treatments for the fibrosed musculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Corona
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica C Rivera
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah M Greising
- Extremity Trauma and Regenerative Medicine Task Area, United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, USA
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Fernández-Verdejo R, Vanwynsberghe AM, Hai T, Deldicque L, Francaux M. Activating transcription factor 3 regulates chemokine expression in contracting C 2C 12 myotubes and in mouse skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 492:249-254. [PMID: 28822763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor (ATF) 3 regulates chemokine expression in various cell types and tissues. Herein, we studied this regulation in contracting muscle cells in vitro, and in skeletal muscle after muscle-damaging exercise in vivo. C2C12 myotubes with normal or low ATF3 levels (atf3_siRNA) were electrically stimulated (EPS). Also, ATF3-knockout (ATF3-KO) and control mice ran downhill until exhaustion, and muscles were analyzed post-exercise. EPS increased ATF3 levels in myotubes (P < 0.01). Chemokine C-C motif ligand (ccl) 2 mRNA increased post-EPS, but atf3_siRNA attenuated the response (P < 0.05). Atf3_siRNA up-regulated ccl6 basal mRNA, and down-regulated ccl9 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (cxcl) 1 basal mRNAs. Post-exercise, ATF3-KO mice showed exacerbated mRNA levels of ccl6 and ccl9 in soleus (P < 0.05), and similar trends were observed for ccl2 and interleukin (il) 1β (P < 0.09). In quadriceps, il6 mRNA level increased only in ATF3-KO (P < 0.05), and cxcl1 mRNA showed a similar trend (P = 0.082). Cluster of differentiation-68 (cd68) mRNA, a macrophage marker, increased in quadriceps and soleus independently of genotype (P < 0.001). Our data demonstrate that ATF3 regulates chemokine expression in muscle cells in vitro and skeletal muscle in vivo, but the regulation differs in each model. Cells other than myofibers may thus participate in the response observed in skeletal muscle. Our results also indicate that ATF3-independent mechanisms would regulate macrophage infiltration upon muscle-damaging exercise. The implications of chemokine regulation in skeletal muscle remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fernández-Verdejo
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - A M Vanwynsberghe
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - T Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - L Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article updates on the concept that muscle-derived cytokines (myokines) play important roles in muscle health and disease. RECENT FINDINGS Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is released from normal skeletal muscle in response to exercise, mediating both anti-inflammatory responses and metabolic adaptations, actions contradictory to the prevailing view that IL-6 is a proinflammatory cytokine that is inducing and propagating disease. The anti-inflammatory effects of IL-6 result from its trans-membrane signalling capability, via membrane-bound receptors, whereas its proinflammatory effects result instead from signalling via the soluble IL-6 receptor and gp130. IL-15 is elevated following exercise, promoting muscle fibre hypertrophy in some circumstances, while inducing fibre apoptosis in others. This functional divergence appears because of variations in expression of IL-15 receptor isoforms. Decorin, a recently described myokine, is also elevated following exercise in normal muscle, and promotes muscle fibre hypertrophy by competitively binding to, and thus inhibiting, myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle protein synthesis. Exercise-induced myostatin downregulation thus promotes muscle fibre growth, prompting recent trials of a biological myostatin inhibitor in inclusion body myositis. SUMMARY Myokines appear to exert diverse beneficial effects, though their mechanistic roles in myositis and other myopathologies remain poorly understood.
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Wright CR, Allsopp GL, Addinsall AB, McRae NL, Andrikopoulos S, Stupka N. A Reduction in Selenoprotein S Amplifies the Inflammatory Profile of Fast-Twitch Skeletal Muscle in the mdx Dystrophic Mouse. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:7043429. [PMID: 28592916 PMCID: PMC5448157 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7043429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive inflammation is a hallmark of muscle myopathies, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). There is interest in characterising novel genes that regulate inflammation due to their potential to modify disease progression. Gene polymorphisms in Selenoprotein S (Seps1) are associated with elevated proinflammatory cytokines, and in vitro SEPS1 is protective against inflammatory stress. Given that SEPS1 is highly expressed in skeletal muscle, we investigated whether the genetic reduction of Seps1 exacerbated inflammation in the mdx mouse. F1 male mdx mice with a heterozygous Seps1 deletion (mdx:Seps1-/+) were generated. The mdx:Seps1-/+ mice had a 50% reduction in SEPS1 protein expression in hindlimb muscles. In the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp-1) (P = 0.034), macrophage marker F4/80 (P = 0.030), and transforming growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1) (P = 0.056) were increased in mdx:Seps1-/+ mice. This was associated with a reduction in muscle fibre size; however, ex vivo EDL muscle strength and endurance were unaltered. In dystrophic slow twitch soleus muscles, SEPS1 reduction had no effect on the inflammatory profile nor function. In conclusion, the genetic reduction of Seps1 appears to specifically exacerbate the inflammatory profile of fast-twitch muscle fibres, which are typically more vulnerable to degeneration in dystrophy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Body Composition/genetics
- Body Composition/physiology
- Female
- Immunohistochemistry
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred mdx
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne/metabolism
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Selenoproteins/genetics
- Selenoproteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Robert Wright
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Giselle Larissa Allsopp
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Bernard Addinsall
- Molecular Medical Research SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Lee McRae
- Molecular Medical Research SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Nicole Stupka
- Molecular Medical Research SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Diseases of muscle that are caused by pathological interactions between muscle and the immune system are devastating, but rare. However, muscle injuries that involve trauma and regeneration are fairly common, and inflammation is a clear feature of the regenerative process. Investigations of the inflammatory response to muscle injury have now revealed that the apparently nonspecific inflammatory response to trauma is actually a complex and coordinated interaction between muscle and the immune system that determines the success or failure of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Tidball
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1606, USA
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Matheny RW, Carrigan CT, Abdalla MN, Geddis AV, Leandry LA, Aguilar CA, Hobbs SS, Urso ML. RNA transcript expression of IGF-I/PI3K pathway components in regenerating skeletal muscle is sensitive to initial injury intensity. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 32:14-21. [PMID: 27647425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the coordinated input from multiple stimuli. Of these processes, actions of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are vital; however, whether IGF-I or PI3K expression is modified during regeneration relative to initial damage intensity is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether mRNA expression of IGF-I/PI3K pathway components was differentially regulated during muscle regeneration in mice in response to traumatic injury induced by freezing of two different durations. DESIGN Traumatic injury was imposed by applying a 6-mm diameter cylindrical steel probe, cooled to the temperature of dry ice (-79°C), to the belly of the left tibialis anterior muscle of 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice for either 5s (5s) or 10s (10s). The right leg served as the uninjured control. RNA was obtained from injured and control muscles following 3, 7, and 21days recovery and examined by real-time PCR. Expression of transcripts within the IGF, PI3K, and Akt families, as well as for myogenic regulatory factors and micro-RNAs were studied. RESULTS Three days following injury, there was significantly increased expression of Igf1, Igf2, Igf1r, Igf2r, Pik3cb, Pik3cd, Pik3cg, Pik3r1, Pik3r5, Akt1, and Akt3 in response to either 5s or 10s injury compared to uninjured control muscle. There was a significantly greater expression of Pik3cb, Pik3cd, Pik3cg, Pik3r5, Akt1, and Akt3 in 10s injured muscle compared to 5s injured muscle. Seven days following injury, we observed significantly increased expression of Igf1, Igf2, Pik3cd, and Pik3cg in injured muscle compared to control muscle in response to 10s freeze injury. We also observed significantly reduced expression of Igf1r and miR-133a in response to 5s freeze injury compared to control muscle, and significantly reduced expression of Ckm, miR-1 and miR-133a in response to 10s freeze injury as compared to control. Twenty-one days following injury, 5s freeze-injured muscle exhibited significantly increased expression of Igf2, Igf2r, Pik3cg, Akt3, Myod1, Myog, Myf5, and miR-206 compared to control muscle, while 10s freeze-injured muscles showed significantly increased expression of Igf2, Igf2r, Pik3cb, Pik3cd, Pik3r5, Akt1, Akt3, and Myog compared to control. Expression of miR-1 was significantly reduced in 10s freeze-injured muscle compared to control muscle at this time. There were no significant differences in RNA expression between 5s and 10s injury at either 7d or 21d recovery in any transcript examined. CONCLUSIONS During early skeletal muscle regeneration in mice, transcript expressions for some components of the IGF-I/PI3K pathway are sensitive to initial injury intensity induced by freeze damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Matheny
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Christopher T Carrigan
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Mary N Abdalla
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Alyssa V Geddis
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Luis A Leandry
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Carlos A Aguilar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood St., Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - Stuart S Hobbs
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Maria L Urso
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
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You H, Gao T, Raup-Konsavage WM, Cooper TK, Bronson SK, Reeves WB, Awad AS. Podocyte-specific chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 overexpression mediates diabetic renal injury in mice. Kidney Int 2016; 91:671-682. [PMID: 27914709 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a central pathophysiologic mechanism that contributes to diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. Recently, we showed that macrophages directly contribute to diabetic renal injury and that pharmacological blockade or genetic deficiency of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) confers kidney protection in diabetic nephropathy. However, the direct role of CCR2 in kidney-derived cells such as podocytes in diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. To study this, we developed a transgenic mouse model expressing CCR2 specifically in podocytes (Tg[NPHS2-Ccr2]) on a nephropathy-prone (DBA/2J) and CCR2-deficient (Ccr2-/-) background with heterozygous Ccr2+/- littermate controls. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. As expected, absence of CCR2 conferred kidney protection after nine weeks of diabetes. In contrast, transgenic CCR2 overexpression in the podocytes of Ccr2-/- mice resulted in significantly increased albuminuria, blood urea nitrogen, histopathologic changes, kidney fibronectin and type 1 collagen expression, podocyte loss, and glomerular apoptosis after nine weeks of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Interestingly, there was no concurrent increase in kidney macrophage recruitment or inflammatory cytokine levels in the mice. These findings support a direct role for CCR2 expression in podocytes to mediate diabetic renal injury, independent of monocyte/macrophage recruitment. Thus, targeting the CCR2 signaling cascade in podocytes could be a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanning You
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ting Gao
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wesley M Raup-Konsavage
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Timothy K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarah K Bronson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - W Brian Reeves
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alaa S Awad
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Fernández-Verdejo R, Vanwynsberghe AM, Essaghir A, Demoulin JB, Hai T, Deldicque L, Francaux M. Activating transcription factor 3 attenuates chemokine and cytokine expression in mouse skeletal muscle after exercise and facilitates molecular adaptation to endurance training. FASEB J 2016; 31:840-851. [PMID: 27856557 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600987r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor (ATF)3 regulates the expression of inflammation-related genes in several tissues under pathological contexts. In skeletal muscle, atf3 expression increases after exercise, but its target genes remain unknown. We aimed to identify those genes and to determine the influence of ATF3 on muscle adaptation to training. Skeletal muscles of ATF3-knockout (ATF3-KO) and control mice were analyzed at rest, after exercise, and after training. In resting muscles, there was no difference between genotypes in enzymatic activities or fiber type. After exercise, a microarray analysis in quadriceps revealed ATF3 affects genes modulating chemotaxis and chemokine/cytokine activity. Quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA levels of chemokine C-C motif ligand (ccl)8 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (cxcl)13 were higher in quadriceps of ATF3-KO mice than in control mice. The same was observed for ccl9 and cxcl13 in soleus. Also in soleus, ccl2, interleukin (il)6, il1β, and cluster of differentiation (cd)68 mRNA levels increased after exercise only in ATF3-KO mice. Endurance training increased the basal mRNA level of hexokinase-2, hormone sensitive lipase, glutathione peroxidase-1, and myosin heavy chain IIa in quadriceps of control mice but not in ATF3-KO mice. In summary, ATF3 attenuates the expression of inflammation-related genes after exercise and thus facilitates molecular adaptation to training.-Fernández-Verdejo, R., Vanwynsberghe, A. M., Essaghir, A., Demoulin, J.-B., Hai, T., Deldicque, L., Francaux, M. Activating transcription factor 3 attenuates chemokine and cytokine expression in mouse skeletal muscle after exercise and facilitates molecular adaptation to endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aline M Vanwynsberghe
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Essaghir
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; and
| | | | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Francaux
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
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Corona BT, Wenke JC, Ward CL. Pathophysiology of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 202:180-188. [PMID: 27825160 DOI: 10.1159/000443925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric muscle loss (VML) injuries are prevalent in civilian and military trauma patients and are known to impart chronic functional deficits. The frank loss of muscle tissue that defines VML injuries is beyond the robust reparative and regenerative capacities of mammalian skeletal muscle. Given the nature of VML injuries, there is a clear need to develop therapies that promote de novo regeneration of skeletal muscle fibers, which can integrate with the remaining musculature and restore muscle strength. However, the pathophysiology of VML injuries is not completely defined, and, therefore, there may be other opportunities to improve functional outcomes other than de novo regeneration. Herein, clinical and preclinical studies of VML were reviewed to ascertain salient manifestations of VML injury that can impair limb function and muscle strength. The limited clinical data available highlighted proliferative fibrosis secondary to VML injury as a viable target to improve limb range of motion. Selected preclinical studies that used standardized neuromuscular functional assessments broadly identified that the muscle mass remaining after VML injury is performing suboptimally, and, therefore, percent VML strength deficits are significantly worse than can be explained by the initial frank loss of contractile machinery. Potential mechanisms of suboptimal strength of the remaining muscle mass suggested within the literature include intramuscular nerve damage, muscle architectural perturbations, and diminished transmission of force. Collectively, both clinical and preclinical data indicate a complex pathophysiology after VML that presents multiple therapeutic targets. This is a work of the US Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the USA. Foreign copyrights may apply. Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Corona BT, Greising SM. Challenges to acellular biological scaffold mediated skeletal muscle tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 104:238-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zhu H, Xiao F, Wang G, Wei X, Jiang L, Chen Y, Zhu L, Wang H, Diao Y, Wang H, Ip N, Cheung T, Wu Z. STAT3 Regulates Self-Renewal of Adult Muscle Satellite Cells during Injury-Induced Muscle Regeneration. Cell Rep 2016; 16:2102-2115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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