1
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Buonfiglio F, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Glaucoma and the ocular renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Update on molecular signalling and treatment perspectives. Cell Signal 2024; 122:111343. [PMID: 39127136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide, encompasses a group of pathological conditions affecting the optic nerve and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell loss, cupping of the optic nerve head, and distinct visual field defects. While elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main risk factor for glaucoma, many patients do not have elevated IOP. Consequently, other risk factors, such as ocular blood flow abnormalities and immunological factors, have been implicated in its pathophysiology. Traditional therapeutic strategies primarily aim to reduce IOP, but there is growing interest in developing novel treatment approaches to improve disease management and reduce the high rates of severe visual impairment. In this context, targeting the ocular renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) has been found as a potential curative strategy. The RAAS contributes to glaucoma development through key effectors such as prorenin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone. Recent evidence has highlighted the potential of using RAAS modulators to combat glaucoma, yielding encouraging results. Our study aims to explore the molecular pathways linking the ocular RAAS and glaucoma, summarizing recent advances that elucidate the role of the RAAS in triggering oxidative stress, inflammation, and remodelling in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Additionally, we will present emerging therapeutic approaches that utilize RAAS modulators and antioxidants to slow the progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Adrian Gericke
- Departments of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg- University, Langenbeckstr.1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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2
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Kanbay M, Guldan M, Ozbek L, Copur S, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. Unveiling the intricacies of chronic kidney disease: From ocular manifestations to therapeutic frontiers. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14324. [PMID: 39327839 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shared anatomical, histological and physiological pathways between the kidney and the eye are well documented, demonstrating that ocular manifestations serve as valuable prognostic indicators in chronic kidney disease (CKD), providing insights into disease severity and progression. Through non-invasive imaging modalities such as retinal fundus photography, early retinal microvascular alterations indicative of CKD progression can be detected, enabling timely intervention and risk stratification. However, the conclusions drawn from the review primarily demonstrate a strong or independent association between glaucoma or retinopathy and CKD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Multiple shared pathophysiological events have been implicated in the pathogenesis in the alterations at eye and kidney including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Patients with CKD are more likely to experience glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, uremic optic neuropathy and retinopathy. To establish the role of ocular manifestations in predicting CKD progression, it is crucial to address the limitations of correlation and explore the underlying causality with further research on common disease pathogenesis. Additionally, specific methods for risk stratification based on retinal changes, the effectiveness of timely interventions, and the development of predictive tools combining ocular and renal data are of utmost importance research topics to enlighten the bidirectional causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Guldan
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lasin Ozbek
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sidar Copur
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy
- CNR-IFC, Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- Renal Research Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics (Biogem), Ariano Irpino, Italy
- Associazione Ipertensione Nefrologia Trapianto Renale (IPNET), Grande Ospedale Metropolitano, Reggio Calabria, Italy
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3
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Feenstra HMA, van Dijk EHC, Cheung CMG, Ohno-Matsui K, Lai TYY, Koizumi H, Larsen M, Querques G, Downes SM, Yzer S, Breazzano MP, Subhi Y, Tadayoni R, Priglinger SG, Pauleikhoff LJB, Lange CAK, Loewenstein A, Diederen RMH, Schlingemann RO, Hoyng CB, Chhablani JK, Holz FG, Sivaprasad S, Lotery AJ, Yannuzzi LA, Freund KB, Boon CJF. Central serous chorioretinopathy: An evidence-based treatment guideline. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 101:101236. [PMID: 38301969 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a relatively common disease that causes vision loss due to macular subretinal fluid leakage and it is often associated with reduced vision-related quality of life. In CSC, the leakage of subretinal fluid through defects in the retinal pigment epithelial layer's outer blood-retina barrier appears to occur secondary to choroidal abnormalities and dysfunction. The treatment of CSC is currently the subject of controversy, although recent data obtained from several large randomized controlled trials provide a wealth of new information that can be used to establish a treatment algorithm. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding regarding the pathogenesis of CSC, current therapeutic strategies, and an evidence-based treatment guideline for CSC. In acute CSC, treatment can often be deferred for up to 3-4 months after diagnosis; however, early treatment with either half-dose or half-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) with the photosensitive dye verteporfin may be beneficial in selected cases. In chronic CSC, half-dose or half-fluence PDT, which targets the abnormal choroid, should be considered the preferred treatment. If PDT is unavailable, chronic CSC with focal, non-central leakage on angiography may be treated using conventional laser photocoagulation. CSC with concurrent macular neovascularization should be treated with half-dose/half-fluence PDT and/or intravitreal injections of an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor compound. Given the current shortage of verteporfin and the paucity of evidence supporting the efficacy of other treatment options, future studies-ideally, well-designed randomized controlled trials-are needed in order to evaluate new treatment options for CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M A Feenstra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elon H C van Dijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institution, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Timothy Y Y Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Hideki Koizumi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Japan
| | - Michael Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Susan M Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suzanne Yzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark P Breazzano
- Retina-Vitreous Surgeons of Central New York, Liverpool, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Yousif Subhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ramin Tadayoni
- Ophthalmology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Siegfried G Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Laurenz J B Pauleikhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Eye Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Clemens A K Lange
- Department of Ophthalmology, St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anat Loewenstein
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roselie M H Diederen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jay K Chhablani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Lawrence A Yannuzzi
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA; LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Li X, Fu YH, Tong XW, Zhang YT, Shan YY, Xu YX, Pu SD, Gao XY. RAAS in diabetic retinopathy: mechanisms and therapies. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2024; 68:e230292. [PMID: 38652701 PMCID: PMC11081058 DOI: 10.20945/2359-4292-2023-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes with a complex pathophysiology and multiple factors involved. Recently, it has been found that the upregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) leads to overexpression of angiotensin II (Ang II), which induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis in the retina. Therefore, RAAS may be a promising therapeutic target in DR. Notably, RAAS inhibitors are often used in the treatment of hypertension. Still, the potential role and mechanism of DR must be further studied. In this review, we discuss and summarize the pathology and potential therapeutic goals of RAAS in DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Hong Fu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Harbin, China
| | - Xue-Wei Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Harbin, China
| | - Yi-Tong Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Harbin, China
| | - Yong-Yan Shan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Xin Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Harbin, China
| | - Sheng-Dan Pu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Department of Endocrinology, Harbin, China,
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5
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Gao S, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Efficacy and Predictive Factors of Oral Spironolactone Treatment in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. J Ophthalmol 2024; 2024:7197249. [PMID: 38529362 PMCID: PMC10963119 DOI: 10.1155/2024/7197249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of spironolactone in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and identify imaging characteristics that can predict the benefit of spironolactone treatment. Methods Patients with chronic CSC were treated with spironolactone (20 mg/tid) and followed for 6 months. The primary outcome measure was complete resolution of the subretinal fluid (SRF), and the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the SRF area, the central macular thickness (CMT), the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and the density of the choriocapillaris vessel and adverse events were secondary outcome measures. Patients who presented complete resolution of SRF were included in the responder group and the other patients who had moderate or no resolution were included in the nonresponder group. Imaging characteristic comparisons between the responder and nonresponder groups were performed with regression analyses to identify factors that are predictive of a good response to treatment. Results Forty-two eyes of 42 patients with a mean age of 46.06 ± 6.66 years were included. A total of 57.1% of the patients achieved a complete resolution of SRF. The mean SRF area, CMT, and SFCT decreased significantly (all P < 0.05) throughout the follow-up period and BCVA improved slightly (P > 0.05). The vascular density of the choriocapillaris of the fellow eyes did not vary significantly during treatment. Logistic regression analysis revealed that SFCT (P=0.002) and the intact ellipsoid zone (P=0.001) were correlated with disease resolution. A relatively higher baseline SFCT was a predictive factor associated with a good response to treatment according to multivariate analysis. Conclusions This study suggested that oral spironolactone could be an effective and safe therapy for chronic CSC patients. Eyes with a higher baseline SFCT and intact ellipsoid zone could have a good response. These parameters are an important prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bordbar DD, Skrehot HC, Weng CY. Update on the Management of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2024; 64:179-193. [PMID: 38146890 DOI: 10.1097/iio.0000000000000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
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7
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Ruan Y, Cheng J, Dai J, Ma Z, Luo S, Yan R, Wang L, Zhou J, Yu B, Tong X, Shen H, Zhou L, Yuan TF, Han Q. Chronic stress hinders sensory axon regeneration via impairing mitochondrial cristae and OXPHOS. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh0183. [PMID: 37801508 PMCID: PMC10558127 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to physical limitations, persistent pain, and major lifestyle shifts, enhancing the likelihood of prolonged psychological stress and associated disorders such as anxiety and depression. The mechanisms linking stress with regeneration remain elusive, despite understanding the detrimental impact of chronic stress on SCI recovery. In this study, we investigated the effect of chronic stress on primary sensory axon regeneration using a preconditioning lesions mouse model. Our data revealed that chronic stress-induced mitochondrial cristae loss and a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) within primary sensory neurons, impeding central axon regrowth. Corticosterone, a stress hormone, emerged as a pivotal player in this process, affecting satellite glial cells by reducing Kir4.1 expression. This led to increased neuronal hyperactivity and reactive oxygen species levels, which, in turn, deformed mitochondrial cristae and impaired OXPHOS, crucial for axonal regeneration. Our study underscores the need to manage psychological stress in patients with SCI for effective sensory-motor rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ruan
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jiafeng Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhengwen Ma
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shiyu Luo
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Run Yan
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Lizhao Wang
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Jinrui Zhou
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Xiaoping Tong
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Libing Zhou
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qi Han
- Songjiang Research Institute, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Cellular Homeostasis and Human Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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8
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Giannopoulos K, Gazouli M, Chatzistefanou K, Gouliopoulos N, Lavaris A, Bakouli A, Moschos MM. Associations of ARMS2 and NR3C2 genes polymorphisms with central serous chorioretinopathy in a Greek population. Eur J Ophthalmol 2023; 33:1860-1866. [PMID: 36734065 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231155043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is characterized by serous detachment of the central neurosensory retina and it is one of the most common retinal disorders. Various genetic polymorphisms have been associated with CSCR development. METHODS The aim of our study was to investigate the potential association between ARMS2 (rs10490924) and NR3C2 (rs2070951 and rs5522) genes polymorphisms and CSCR development in a well defined Greek cohort for the first time in literature. We enrolled, in our case-control study, 48 CSCR patients and 137 controls. The ARMS2 (rs10490924) and NR3C2 (rs2070951 and rs5522) genes polymorphisms were analyzed using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays. RESULTS In our study, we found significant associations between ARMS2rs10490924 and NR3C2rs2070951 single nucleotide polymorphisms and CSCR development. Specifically, the GTrs10490924 genotype frequency of the ARMS2 gene was found to be significantly associated with risk of CSCR and T allele of rs10490924ARMS2 gene was also found to increase risk for CSCR. The genotype frequency GC and CC of rs2070951NR3C2 gene were observed more frequently in CSCR patients than controls and C allele of rs2070951NR3C2 gene was also observed more frequently in CSCR patients than controls. Rs5522 of NR3C2 gene polymorphism was not found to be significantly associated with CSCR. CONCLUSION Our findings showed, for the first time in a Greek population, that SNPs in the ARMS2 and NR3C2 genes are significantly associated with risk of CSCR. The results of this study support the involvement of extracellular matrix (ARMS2 gene) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in the pathogenesis of CSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Giannopoulos
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Gennimatas General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Klio Chatzistefanou
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Gennimatas General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gouliopoulos
- Second Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Lavaris
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Gennimatas General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anthi Bakouli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Elpis General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Marilita M Moschos
- First Department of Ophthalmology, Gennimatas General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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9
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Johnston JG, Welch AK, Cain BD, Sayeski PP, Gumz ML, Wingo CS. Aldosterone: Renal Action and Physiological Effects. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4409-4491. [PMID: 36994769 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts profound effects on renal and cardiovascular physiology. In the kidney, aldosterone acts to preserve electrolyte and acid-base balance in response to changes in dietary sodium (Na+ ) or potassium (K+ ) intake. These physiological actions, principally through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), have important effects particularly in patients with renal and cardiovascular disease as demonstrated by multiple clinical trials. Multiple factors, be they genetic, humoral, dietary, or otherwise, can play a role in influencing the rate of aldosterone synthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Normally, aldosterone secretion and action respond to dietary Na+ intake. In the kidney, the distal nephron and collecting duct are the main targets of aldosterone and MR action, which stimulates Na+ absorption in part via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), the principal channel responsible for the fine-tuning of Na+ balance. Our understanding of the regulatory factors that allow aldosterone, via multiple signaling pathways, to function properly clearly implicates this hormone as central to many pathophysiological effects that become dysfunctional in disease states. Numerous pathologies that affect blood pressure (BP), electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health are due to abnormal secretion of aldosterone, mutations in MR, ENaC, or effectors and modulators of their action. Study of the mechanisms of these pathologies has allowed researchers and clinicians to create novel dietary and pharmacological targets to improve human health. This article covers the regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, receptors, effector molecules, and signaling pathways that modulate its action in the kidney. We also consider the role of aldosterone in disease and the benefit of mineralocorticoid antagonists. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4409-4491, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda K Welch
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter P Sayeski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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10
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Zhang C, Luo D, Xie H, Yang Q, Liu D, Tang L, Zhang J, Li W, Tian H, Lu L, Sun X, Xu GT, Zhang J. Aquaporin 11 alleviates retinal Müller intracellular edema through water efflux in diabetic retinopathy. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106559. [PMID: 36403720 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Retinal Müller glial dysfunction and intracellular edema are important mechanisms leading to diabetic macular edema (DME). Aquaporin 11 (AQP11) is primarily expressed in Müller glia with unclear functions. This study aims to explore the role of AQP11 in the pathogenesis of intracellular edema of Müller glia in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, we found that AQP11 expression, primarily located at the endfeet of Müller glia, was down-regulated with diabetes progression, accompanied by intracellular edema, which was alleviated by intravitreal injection of lentivirus-mediated AQP11 overexpression. Similarly, intracellular edema of hypoxia-treated rat Müller cell line (rMC-1) was aggravated by AQP11 inhibition, while attenuated by AQP11 overexpression, accompanied by enhanced function in glutamate metabolism and reduced cell death. The down-regulation of AQP11 was also verified in the Müller glia from the epiretinal membranes (ERMs) of proliferative DR (PDR) patients. Mechanistically, down-regulation of AQP11 in DR was mediated by the HIF-1α-dependent and independent miRNA-AQP11 axis. Overall, we deciphered the AQP11 down-regulation, mediated by miRNA-AQP11 axis, resulted in Müller drainage dysfunction and subsequent intracellular edema in DR, which was partially reversed by AQP11 overexpression. Our findings propose a novel mechanism for the pathogenesis of DME, thus targeting AQP11 regulation provides a new therapeutic strategy for DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiye Li
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China; Department of Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Liu K, Zou H, Fan H, Hu H, Cheng Y, Liu J, Wu X, Chen B, You Z. The role of aldosterone in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1163787. [PMID: 37113483 PMCID: PMC10126408 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1163787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone, as a mineralocorticoid of adrenal origin, has effects that are not limited to the urinary tract. As an important regulator in Vasoactive hormone pathways, aldosterone may play an effect in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through the regulation of oxidative stress, vascular regulation, and inflammatory mechanisms. This implies that mineralocorticoids, including aldosterone, have great potential and value for the diagnosis and treatment of DR. Because early studies did not focus on the intrinsic association between mineralocorticoids and DR, targeted research is still in its infancy and there are still many obstacles to its application in the clinical setting. Recent studies have improved the understanding of the effects of aldosterone on DR, and we review them with the aim of exploring possible mechanisms for the treatment and prevention of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangcheng Liu
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Zou
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hanying Hu
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanhua Cheng
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingying Liu
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaojian Wu
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bolin Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Ophthalmic Disease, Jiangxi Research Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng You,
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12
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Higashide T, Hirooka K, Kometani M, Sugiyama K. Aldosterone as a Possible Contributor to Eye Diseases. Endocrinology 2022; 164:6868238. [PMID: 36461718 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone, an effector molecule of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), has been receiving more attention in the field of ophthalmology because of its possible role in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases or abnormalities; it may even become a target for their treatment. Primary aldosteronism, a typical model of a systemic aldosterone excess, may cause vision loss due to various ocular diseases, such as retinal vein occlusion, central serous chorioretinopathy, and, possibly glaucoma. RAAS components are present in various parts and types of cells present in the eye. Investigations of the local RAAS in various animal models of diabetic macular edema, retinal vein occlusion, retinopathy of prematurity, central serous chorioretinopathy, and glaucoma have found evidence that aldosterone or mineralocorticoid receptors may exacerbate the pathology of these disorders. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether the modulation of aldosterone or mineralocorticoid receptors is an effective treatment for preventing vision loss in patients with eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Higashide
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirooka
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kometani
- Department of Health Promotion and Medicine of the Future, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sugiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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Wong A, Zhu D, Li AS, Lee JG, Ferrone PJ. Topical Dexamethasone as an Adjuvant to Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022; 53:659-665. [PMID: 36547963 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20221115-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE A previous report demonstrated efficacy of mineralocorticoid antagonist with adjuvant topical dexamethasone (MRA+DEX) in resolving subretinal fluid (SRF) in a chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patient. This pilot study investigates the use of MRA+DEX to treat recalcitrant, chronic CSCR patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of chronic, recalcitrant CSCR patients unresponsive to MRA alone who were treated with MRA+DEX and followed for up to 3 months. Apical SRF thickness and visual acuity were measured. RESULTS Ten eyes of eight chronic, recalcitrant patients were included with an average follow-up of 109 days. Mean percent reduction in apical fluid thickness at one month and at last follow-up after adding dexamethasone (DEX) was 33% and 52%, respectively. Five eyes (50%) achieved complete resolution of SRF. Three eyes (30%) showed partial response and two (20%) eyes had no response. There was no significant change in visual acuity. CONCLUSIONS MRA+DEX decreased SRF in some recalcitrant, chronic CSCR patients. Large prospective studies are needed to evaluate the utility of MRA+DEX in these chronic CSCR patients. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2022;53:659-665.].
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Park JB, Kim K, Kang MS, Kim ES, Yu SY. Central serous chorioretinopathy: Treatment. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2022; 12:394-408. [PMID: 36660123 PMCID: PMC9843567 DOI: 10.4103/2211-5056.362040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a pachychoroid spectrum disease characterized by serous detachment of the neurosensory retina with subretinal fluid in young and middle-aged adults. The pathogenesis of CSC is not yet fully understood. However, it is considered a multifactorial disease that is strongly associated with choroidal dysfunction or vascular engorgement. Although there is no consensus on the treatment of CSC, photodynamic therapy has been effectively used to manage serous retinal detachment (SRD) in CSC. Moreover, micropulse diode laser photocoagulation and focal laser treatment have also been used. Recently, oral medications, including mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, have been proposed for the management of CSC. Multimodal imaging plays a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of CSC. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has the advantage of detecting vascular flow in the retina and choroid layer, allowing for a better understanding of the pathology, severity, prognosis, and chronicity of CSC. In addition, early detection of choroidal neovascularization in CSC is possible using OCTA. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive and updated understanding of CSC, focusing on treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Beom Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiyoung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seok Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eung Suk Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Young Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea,Address for correspondence: Prof. Seung-Young Yu, Department of Ophthalmology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 23, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Korea. E-mail:
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15
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Diabetic Macular Edema: Current Understanding, Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213362. [PMID: 36359761 PMCID: PMC9655436 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), with increasing incidence, is the major cause of vision loss and blindness worldwide in working-age adults. Diabetic macular edema (DME) remains the main cause of vision impairment in diabetic patients, with its pathogenesis still not completely elucidated. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of DR and DME. Currently, intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF agents remains as the first-line therapy in DME treatment due to the superior anatomic and functional outcomes. However, some patients do not respond satisfactorily to anti-VEGF injections. More than 30% patients still exist with persistent DME even after regular intravitreal injection for at least 4 injections within 24 weeks, suggesting other pathogenic factors, beyond VEGF, might contribute to the pathogenesis of DME. Recent advances showed nearly all the retinal cells are involved in DR and DME, including breakdown of blood-retinal barrier (BRB), drainage dysfunction of Müller glia and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), involvement of inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, all complicating the pathogenesis of DME. The profound understanding of the changes in proteomics and metabolomics helps improve the elucidation of the pathogenesis of DR and DME and leads to the identification of novel targets, biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies for DME treatment. The present review aimed to summarize the current understanding of DME, the involved molecular mechanisms, and the changes in proteomics and metabolomics, thus to propose the potential therapeutic recommendations for personalized treatment of DME.
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16
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Galindez SM, Keightley A, Koulen P. Differential distribution of steroid hormone signaling networks in the human choroid-retinal pigment epithelial complex. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:406. [PMID: 36266625 PMCID: PMC9583547 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a layer of pigmented cells that lies between the neurosensory retina and the underlying choroid, plays a critical role in maintaining the functional integrity of photoreceptor cells and in mediating communication between the neurosensory retina and choroid. Prior studies have demonstrated neurotrophic effects of select steroids that mitigate the development and progression of retinal degenerative diseases via an array of distinct mechanisms of action. Methods Here, we identified major steroid hormone signaling pathways and their key functional protein constituents controlling steroid hormone signaling, which are potentially involved in the mitigation or propagation of retinal degenerative processes, from human proteome datasets with respect to their relative abundances in the retinal periphery, macula, and fovea. Results Androgen, glucocorticoid, and progesterone signaling networks were identified and displayed differential distribution patterns within these three anatomically distinct regions of the choroid-retinal pigment epithelial complex. Classical and non-classical estrogen and mineralocorticoid receptors were not identified. Conclusion Identified differential distribution patterns suggest both selective susceptibility to chronic neurodegenerative disease processes, as well as potential substrates for drug target discovery and novel drug development focused on steroid signaling pathways in the choroid-RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney M Galindez
- School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Andrew Keightley
- School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA
| | - Peter Koulen
- School of Medicine, Vision Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, 2411 Holmes St, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
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17
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Kolkhof P, Lawatscheck R, Filippatos G, Bakris GL. Nonsteroidal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism by Finerenone-Translational Aspects and Clinical Perspectives across Multiple Organ Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9243. [PMID: 36012508 PMCID: PMC9408839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perception of the role of the aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) ensemble has been extended from a previously renal epithelial-centered focus on sodium and volume homeostasis to an understanding of their role as systemic modulators of reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and fibrosis. Steroidal MR antagonists (MRAs) are included in treatment paradigms for resistant hypertension and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, while more recently, the nonsteroidal MRA finerenone was shown to reduce renal and cardiovascular outcomes in two large phase III trials (FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD) in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, respectively. Here, we provide an overview of the pathophysiologic role of MR overactivation and preclinical evidence with the nonsteroidal MRA finerenone in a range of different disease models with respect to major components of the aggregate mode of action, including interfering with reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. We describe a time-dependent effect of these mechanistic components and the potential modification of major clinical parameters, as well as the impact on clinical renal and cardiovascular outcomes as observed in FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD. Finally, we provide an outlook on potential future clinical indications and ongoing clinical studies with finerenone, including a combination study with a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kolkhof
- Cardiology Precision Medicines, Research & Early Development, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Robert Lawatscheck
- Clinical Development, Bayer AG, Müller Straße 178, Building P300, 13342 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Mikras Asias 75, 115 27 Athina, Greece
| | - George L. Bakris
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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18
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Yu S, Cui K, Wu P, Wu B, Lu X, Huang R, Tang X, Lin J, Yang B, Zhao J, He Q, Liang X, Xu Y. Melatonin prevents experimental central serous chorioretinopathy in rats. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12802. [PMID: 35436360 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a vision-threatening disease with no validated treatment and unclear pathogenesis. It is characterized by dilation and leakage of choroidal vasculature, resulting in the accumulation of subretinal fluid, and serous detachment of the neurosensory retina. Numerous studies have demonstrated that melatonin had multiple protective effects against endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown. However, the effect of melatonin on CSC, and its exact pathogenesis, is not well understood thus far. In this study, an experimental model was established by intravitreal injection of aldosterone in rats, which mimicked the features of CSC. Our results found that melatonin administration in advance significantly inhibited aldosterone-induced choroidal thickening and vasodilation by reducing the expression of calcium-activated potassium channel KCa2.3, and attenuated tortuosity of choroid vessels. Moreover, melatonin protected the BRB integrity and prevented the decrease in tight junction protein (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1) levels in the rat model induced by aldosterone. Additionally, the data also showed that intraperitoneal injection of melatonin in advance inhibited aldosterone-induced macrophage/microglia infiltration, and remarkably diminished the levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], IL-1β, and cyclooxygenase-2), chemokines (chemokine C-C motif ligand 3, and C-X-C motif ligand 1), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). Luzindole, as the nonselective MT1 and MT2 antagonist, and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetraline, as the selective MT2 antagonist, neutralized the melatonin-induced inhibition of choroidal thickening and choroidal vasodilation, indicating that melatonin might exert the effects via binding to its receptors. Furthermore, the IL-17A/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway was activated by intravitreal administration of aldosterone, while it was suppressed in melatonin-treated in advance rat eyes. This study indicates that melatonin could serve as a promising safe therapeutic strategy for CSC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benjuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, China
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Kanda P, Gupta A, Gottlieb C, Karanjia R, Coupland SG, Bal MS. Pathophysiology of central serous chorioretinopathy: a literature review with quality assessment. Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:941-962. [PMID: 34654892 PMCID: PMC9046392 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), a pachychoroid disease, is poorly understood. While choroid hyperpermeability and retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction are cornerstones for developing CSCR, the mechanisms at the retinal, vascular, retinal pigment epithelium, and cellular level continue to be an enigma. A few preclinical studies and the development of small-sized, poorly controlled clinical trials have resulted in limited insight into the disease mechanism. Effective treatments for CSCR are still lacking as current trials have produced inconsistent results for functional and structural gains. Thus, critically evaluating the literature to explore disease mechanisms and provide an up-to-date understanding of pathophysiology can provide valuable information and avenues to new treatments. In this study, a comprehensive summary of the mechanistic insight into CSCR is presented while highlighting the shortcomings of current literature. The mechanism was divided into seven sub-categories including mechanical obstruction, inflammation, oxidative stress, paracrine factors, autonomic dysfunction, mineralocorticoid receptors activation, and medications. We implemented validated tools like the JBI and CAMARADES to objectively analyze the quality of both clinical and preclinical studies, respectively. Overall, our analysis of the literature showed that no single mechanism was populated with a large number of sufficiently sized and good-quality studies. However, compiling these studies gave hints not only to CSCR pathogenesis but also pachychoroid disease in general while providing suggestions for future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpinder Kanda
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.412687.e0000 0000 9606 5108University of Ottawa Eye Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Arnav Gupta
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Chloe Gottlieb
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.412687.e0000 0000 9606 5108University of Ottawa Eye Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.412687.e0000 0000 9606 5108Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Rustum Karanjia
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.412687.e0000 0000 9606 5108University of Ottawa Eye Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.412687.e0000 0000 9606 5108Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.280881.b0000 0001 0097 5623Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Doheny Eye Centers UCLA, Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 91105 USA
| | - Stuart G. Coupland
- grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.412687.e0000 0000 9606 5108University of Ottawa Eye Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON Canada ,grid.28046.380000 0001 2182 2255Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Manpartap Singh Bal
- grid.511274.4Queen’s University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kingston Health Science Centre, Kingston, ON Canada
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Ohashi K, Hayashi T, Utsunomiya K, Nishimura R. The Mineralocorticoid receptor signal could be a new molecular target for the treatment of diabetic retinal complication. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:479-486. [PMID: 35487592 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2072730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetic vascular complications. In recent years, it has been indicated that the MR expressed in retinal Müller cells plays an important role in regulating the potassium and water balance in the retina. Therefore, it has also been speculated that abnormal MR signaling contributes to edematous diseases of the retina. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the effect of high-glucose conditions on MR protein and mRNA levels in human retinal Müller cells and changes in cell size in vitro. We also investigated MR transcriptional activity and signaling in high-glucose conditions. RESULTS The MR protein increased by 2.2-fold with high-glucose treatment. Additionally, high-glucose treatment induced Müller cell swelling. Aldosterone-induced MR transcriptional activity was enhanced in high-glucose conditions, resulting in the upregulation of αENaC, AQP4 and Kir4.1 mRNA. Treatment with an MR antagonist led to the suppression of aldosterone-induced cell swelling, MR transcriptional activity and upregulation of the target genes in high-glucose conditions. CONCLUSIONS High glucose induces Müller cell swelling through activation of MR signaling, which could be associated with aggravation of macular edema. Thus, Müller cell swelling and diabetic macular edema may represent a target for treatment with MR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennosuke Ohashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine
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21
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Wada Y, Higashide T, Sakaguchi K, Nagata A, Hirooka K, Sugiyama K. Compromised blood flow in the optic nerve head after systemic administration of 2 aldosterone in rats: A possible rat model of retinal ganglion cell loss. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:777-785. [PMID: 35179420 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2022.2029907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow, retinal vessel diameters, and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss after systemic administration of aldosterone in rats. METHODS Aldosterone (80 μg/kg/day) or vehicle was administered using an osmotic minipump in Brown Norway rats. The mean blur rate in the vessel (MV) and tissue (MT) regions and retinal vessel diameters in the ONH were measured by laser speckle flowgraphy before and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after administration of aldosterone or vehicle. Intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded. The retrogradely labeled RGCs were counted in the retinal flatmounts prepared 5 weeks after treatment. RESULTS The MV and MT in the aldosterone group significantly decreased at 2 and 4 weeks (MV: 2 weeks, P = 0.001, 4 weeks, P < 0.001; MT: 2 weeks, P = 0.02, 4 weeks, P = 0.03). The artery and vein diameters significantly decreased at 1, 2, and 4 weeks in the aldosterone group (all P < 0.001). The MV, MT, and vessel diameters remained unchanged in the vehicle group. Other parameters did not change over time in either group. RGC counts were significantly lower in the aldosterone group than in the vehicle group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS ONH blood flow decreased following retinal vessel constriction without changes in IOP or blood pressure in a possible rat model of RGC loss by systemic administration of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Wada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.,Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomomi Higashide
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kimikazu Sakaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nagata
- Ophthalmology, National Hospital Organization Kanazawa Medical Center, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirooka
- Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sugiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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22
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Zola M, Mejlachowicz D, Gregorio R, Naud MC, Jaisser F, Zhao M, Behar-Cohen F. Chronic Systemic Dexamethasone Regulates the Mineralocorticoid/Glucocorticoid Pathways Balance in Rat Ocular Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031278. [PMID: 35163201 PMCID: PMC8836134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a retinal disease affecting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the choroid. This is a recognized side-effect of glucocorticoids (GCs), administered through nasal, articular, oral and dermal routes. However, CSCR does not occur after intraocular GCs administration, suggesting that a hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) brake could play a role in the mechanistic link between CSCR and GS. The aim of this study was to explore this hypothesis. To induce HPA brake, Lewis rats received a systemic injection of dexamethasone daily for five days. Control rats received saline injections. Baseline levels of corticosterone were measured by Elisa at baseline and at 5 days in the serum and the ocular media and dexamethasone levels were measured at 5 days in the serum and ocular media. The expression of genes encoding glucocorticoid receptor (GR), mineralocorticoid receptors (MR), and the 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) enzymes 1 and 2 were quantified in the neural retina and in RPE/ choroid. The expression of MR target genes was quantified in the retina (Scnn1A (encoding ENac-α, Kir4.1 and Aqp4) and in the RPE/choroid (Shroom 2, Ngal, Mmp9 and Omg, Ptx3, Plaur and Fosl-1). Only 10% of the corticosterone serum concentration was measured in the ocular media. Corticosterone levels in the serum and in the ocular media dropped after 5 days of dexamethasone systemic treatment, reflecting HPA axis brake. Whilst both GR and MR were downregulated in the retina without MR/GR imbalance, in the RPE/choroid, both MR/GR and 11β-hsd2/11β-hsd1 ratio increased, indicating MR pathway activation. MR-target genes were upregulated in the RPE/ choroid but not in the retina. The psychological stress induced by the repeated injection of saline also induced HPA axis brake with a trend towards MR pathway activation in RPE/ choroid. HPA axis brake causes an imbalance of corticoid receptors expression in the RPE/choroid towards overactivation of MR pathway, which could favor the occurrence of CSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zola
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (M.-C.N.); (F.J.); (M.Z.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Ophthalmology, Ophtalmopôle, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Dan Mejlachowicz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (M.-C.N.); (F.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Raquel Gregorio
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (M.-C.N.); (F.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marie-Christine Naud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (M.-C.N.); (F.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (M.-C.N.); (F.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Min Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (M.-C.N.); (F.J.); (M.Z.)
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (M.Z.); (D.M.); (R.G.); (M.-C.N.); (F.J.); (M.Z.)
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Ophthalmology, Ophtalmopôle, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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23
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Abdelhakeem E, El-Nabarawi M, Shamma R. Eplerenone repurposing in management of chorioretinopathy: Mechanism, nanomedicine-based delivery applications and future trends. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 88:2665-2672. [PMID: 34983084 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is an ocular threatening disease, a common cause of central vision loss, affecting the posterior pole of the eye. Eplerenone (EPL) is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that used primarily to treat hypertension. Recently, it has shown many benefits in modifying the physio-pathological processes occurring upon stimulation of renin-angiotensin aldosterone system at the ocular level. In CSCR treatment, several clinical studies and case reports prove the efficacy and safety of EPL. However, some setbacks for such studies as a relatively small number of participants and short follow-up periods. This review article is intended to describe theories about the nature and classification of CSCR and recapitulate EPL therapeutic benefits as selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist in the treatment of CSCR. Furthermore, a literature survey on clinical studies discussing the results of use of EPL in treatment of CSCR. In addition, EPL therapeutic formulations that were developed up to date, and the future potential delivery systems will be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelhakeem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Behar-Cohen F, Zhao M. Mineralocorticoid pathway in retinal health and diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:3190-3204. [PMID: 34877649 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the retina, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is expressed in retinal and choroidal vessels and in cells from neural and glial origins. Like in the brain, the major ligand of the MR is cortisol and the MR/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) balance regulates the activation of the MR pathway. Experimental MR pathway activation using either pharmacological agents or transgenic manipulation favors retinal and choroidal pathology. In various models of retinal diseases, such as glaucomatous neuropathy, retinopathy of prematurity, ischemic retinopathies, diabetic retinopathy and choroidal neovascularization, MR antagonism exerts beneficial effects, demonstrating its potential in the treatment of major blinding retinal diseases. But specific formulations are required to optimize the bioavailability of MR antagonists in various compartments of the eye and molecular biomarkers of MR pathway activation remain to be identify in humans to select patients amenable to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Behar-Cohen
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin Ophtalmopole, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Paris, France
| | - Min Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From physiopathology of retinal diseases to clinical advances, Paris, France
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25
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Abdelhakeem E, El-Nabarawi M, Shamma R. Lipid-based nano-formulation platform for eplerenone oral delivery as a potential treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: in-vitro optimization and ex-vivo assessment. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:642-654. [PMID: 33787445 PMCID: PMC8023249 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1902023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Eplerenone (EPL) is a selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist used for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy which characterized by accumulation of subretinal fluid causing a localized area of retinal detachment. unfortunately, EPL suffers from poor oral bioavailability due to poor aqueous solubility in addition to high hepatic first pass metabolism. METHOD Aiming to improve its oral bioavailability, EPL-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared by the emulsification solvent evaporation method and in-vitro evaluated for particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency (EE%). A D-optimal design was used for study the effect of liquid lipid to solid lipid ratio, surfactant type and percentage on PS, PDI, EE%, and for data optimization. The optimized EPL-loaded NLCs system was further evaluated using in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo permeation studies through rabbit intestine in comparison to EPL aqueous suspension. The physicochemical properties of the drug in the optimized system were further examined using FT-IR and X-ray diffraction studies. RESULTS The resultant NLCs showed small PS (100.85-346.60 nm), homogenous distribution (0.173-0.624), negatively charged particles (ZP -20.20 to -36.75 mV), in addition to EE% (34.31-70.64%). The optimized EPL-loaded NLCs system with a desirability value of 0.905 was suggested through the Design expert® software, containing liquid to solid lipid ratio (2:1) in presence of 0.43%w/v Pluronic® F127 as a surfactant. The optimized EPL-loaded NLCs system showed a PS of 134 nm and PDI of 0.31, in addition to high EE% (76 ± 6.56%w/w), and ZP (-32.37 mV). The ex-vivo permeation study showed two-fold higher drug permeation through rabbit intestine compared to that from the aqueous drug suspension after 24 h, confirming the ability of optimized EPL-loaded NLCs system as successful oral targeting delivery carrier. CONCLUSION Our results pave the way for a new oral nanotherapeutic approach toward CSCR treatment. In-vivo study is currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelhakeem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Zhao M, Gelize E, Levy R, Moulin A, Azan F, Berdugo M, Naud MC, Guegan J, Delaunay K, Pussard E, Lassiaz P, Bravo-Osuna I, Herrero-Vanrell R, Behar-Cohen F. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Pathway and Its Antagonism in a Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes 2021; 70:2668-2682. [PMID: 34426510 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy remains a major cause of vision loss worldwide. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) pathway activation contributes to diabetic nephropathy, but its role in retinopathy is unknown. In this study, we show that MR is overexpressed in the retina of type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and humans and that cortisol is the MR ligand in human eyes. Lipocalin 2 and galectin 3, two biomarkers of diabetes complications regulated by MR, are increased in GK and human retina. The sustained intraocular delivery of spironolactone, a steroidal mineralocorticoid antagonist, decreased the early and late pathogenic features of retinopathy in GK rats, such as retinal inflammation, vascular leakage, and retinal edema, through the upregulation of genes encoding proteins known to intervene in vascular permeability such as Hey1, Vldlr, Pten, Slc7a1, Tjp1, Dlg1, and Sesn2 but did not decrease VEGF. Spironolactone also normalized the distribution of ion and water channels in macroglial cells. These results indicate that MR is activated in GK and human diabetic retina and that local MR antagonism could be a novel therapeutic option for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gelize
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Paris, France
| | - Rinath Levy
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Azan
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin Ophthalmopole, Paris, France
| | - Marianne Berdugo
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Naud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Paris, France
| | - Justine Guegan
- Institut du Cerveau, ICM, iCONICS, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Kimberley Delaunay
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Paris, France
| | - Eric Pussard
- Assitance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Inserm U1185, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patricia Lassiaz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Paris, France
| | - Irene Bravo-Osuna
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Herrero-Vanrell
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Instituto Universitario de Farmacia Industrial, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Inserm, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Cochin Ophthalmopole, Paris, France
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27
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Mazzeo TJMM, Leber HM, da Silva AG, Freire RCM, Barbosa GCS, Criado GG, Jacob GAV, Machado CG, Gomes AMV. Pachychoroid disease spectrum: review article. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:723-735. [PMID: 34648069 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this article is to do a comprehensive literature review about the current understandings of the pachychoroid disease spectrum, describing its multimodal imaging analysis, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and current types of management. METHODS This comprehensive literature review was performed based on a search on the PubMed database, of relevant pachychoroid published papers according to our current knowledge. DISCUSSION The pachychoroid disease spectrum, according to some authors, includes the following: pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE), central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV), polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV)/aneurysmal type 1 neovascularization (AT1), and more recently focal choroidal excavation (FCE) and peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS). Each one of these entities will be described and discussed in this article. CONCLUSION Significant advances in multimodal imaging have enabled a better understanding of the typical choroidal changes in pachychoroid disease spectrum. The clinical knowledge and managing options about this disease significantly increased in the last years. However, it is still unclear why some eyes with typical pachychoroid disease phenotype show no evidence of RPE damage and subretinal fluid (uncomplicated pachychoroid) while others present progressive tissue damage, neovascularization, and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cleide Guimarães Machado
- Retina and Vitreous Department, Suel Abujamra Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.,Retina and Vitreous Department, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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28
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Rodrigo MJ, Martinez-Rincon T, Subias M, Mendez-Martinez S, Pablo LE, Polo V, Aragon-Navas A, Garcia-Herranz D, Feijoo JG, Osuna IB, Herrero-Vanrell R, Garcia-Martin E. Influence of Sex on Neuroretinal Degeneration: Six-Month Follow-Up in Rats With Chronic Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:9. [PMID: 34643665 PMCID: PMC8525827 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate differences by sex in the neuroretina of rats with chronic glaucoma over 24 weeks of follow-up, and to assess by sex the influence on neurodegeneration of different methods of inducing ocular hypertension. Methods Forty-six Long-Evans rats-18 males and 28 females-with induced chronic glaucoma were analyzed. Glaucoma was achieved via 2 models: repeatedly sclerosing the episcleral veins (9 male/14 female) or by injecting poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres measuring 20 to 10 µm (Ms20/10) into the anterior chamber (9 male/14 female). The IOP was measured weekly by tonometer; neuroretinal function was recorded by dark/light-adapted electroretinography at baseline and weeks 12 and 24; and structure was analyzed by optical coherence tomography using the retina posterior pole, retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer protocols at baseline and weeks 8, 12, 18, and 24. Results Males showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher IOP in both chronic glaucoma models, and greater differences were found in the episcleral model at earlier stages. Males with episclerally induced glaucoma showed a statistically higher increase in retinal thickness in optical coherence tomography recordings than females and also when comparing Ms20/10 at 12 weeks. Males showed a higher percentage of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness loss in both models. Ganglion cell layer thickness loss was only detected in the Ms20/10 model. Males exhibited worse dark/light-adapted functionality in chronic glaucoma models, which worsened in the episcleral sclerosis model at 12 weeks, than females. Conclusions Female rats with chronic glaucoma experienced lower IOP and structural loss and better neuroretinal functionality than males. Sex and the ocular hypertension-inducing method influenced neuroretinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Rodrigo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, Spain.,National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Martinez-Rincon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Manuel Subias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Mendez-Martinez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis E Pablo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, Spain.,National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Polo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Aragon-Navas
- Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Garcia-Herranz
- Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian García Feijoo
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Bravo Osuna
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,University Institute for Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocio Herrero-Vanrell
- National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Ophthalmology Innovation, Therapy and Pharmaceutical Development (InnOftal) Research Group, UCM 920415, Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Health Research Institute, San Carlos Clinical Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,University Institute for Industrial Pharmacy (IUFI), School of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Garcia-Martin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.,Miguel Servet Ophthalmology Research Group (GIMSO), Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragon), University of Zaragoza, Spain.,National Ocular Pathology Network (OFTARED), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6258-2489
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29
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Pathogenic Effects of Mineralocorticoid Pathway Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179618. [PMID: 34502527 PMCID: PMC8431771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are amongst the most used drugs to treat retinal diseases of various origins. Yet, the transcriptional regulations induced by glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation in retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) that form the outer blood-retina barrier are unknown. Levels of endogenous corticoids, ligands for MR and GR, were measured in human ocular media. Human RPE cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iRPE) were used to analyze the pan-transcriptional regulations induced by aldosterone-an MR-specific agonist, or cortisol or cortisol + RU486-a GR antagonist. The retinal phenotype of transgenic mice that overexpress the human MR (P1.hMR) was analyzed. In the human eye, the main ligand for GR and MR is cortisol. The iRPE cells express functional GR and MR. The subset of genes regulated by aldosterone and by cortisol + RU-486, and not by cortisol alone, mimics an imbalance toward MR activation. They are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling (CNN1, MGP, AMTN), epithelial-mesenchymal transition, RPE cell proliferation and migration (ITGB3, PLAUR and FOSL1) and immune balance (TNFSF18 and PTX3). The P1.hMR mice showed choroidal vasodilation, focal alteration of the RPE/choroid interface and migration of RPE cells together with RPE barrier function alteration, similar to human retinal diseases within the pachychoroid spectrum. RPE is a corticosteroid-sensitive epithelium. MR pathway activation in the RPE regulates genes involved in barrier function, extracellular matrix, neural regulation and epithelial differentiation, which could contribute to retinal pathology.
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Abdelhakeem E, El-Nabarawi M, Shamma R. Effective Ocular Delivery of Eplerenone Using Nanoengineered Lipid Carriers in Rabbit Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4985-5002. [PMID: 34335024 PMCID: PMC8318821 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s319814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eplerenone (Epl) is a selective mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonist used for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy treatment. Our goal was to enhance the corneal performance of Epl-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) through surface modification using different coating polymers. Methods Epl-loaded modified NLCs (Epl-loaded MNLCs) were prepared by coating the surface of Epl-loaded NLCs using different polymers, namely hyaluronic acid, chitosan oligosaccharide lactate, and hydrogenated collagen. A 31×41 full factorial design was used to evaluate the effect of the surface modification on the properties of the prepared systems. Selected optimal Epl-loaded MNLCs were further evaluated for in vitro drug release, morphology, pH, rheological properties, corneal mucoadhesion, irritation, and penetration. Results Epl-loaded MNLCs were successfully prepared with high drug-entrapment efficiency and nanosized particles with low size distribution. Transmission electron microscopy revealed nanosized spherical particles surrounded by a coating layer of the surface modifier. The pH, refractive index, and viscosity results of the Epl-loaded MNLCs confirmed the ocular compatibility of the systems with no blurring of vision. The safety and ocular tolerance of the optimal MNLCs were confirmed using the hen’s egg test on chorioallantoic membrane and by histopathological evaluation of rabbit eyes treated with the optimal systems. Confocal laser-scanning microscopy of corneal surfaces confirmed successful transcorneal permeation of the Epl-loaded MNLCs compared to the unmodified Epl-loaded NLCs, revealed by higher corneal fluorescence intensity at all time intervals. Conclusion Overall, the results confirmed the potential of Epl-loaded MNLCs as a direct approach for Epl ocular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abdelhakeem
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Nabarawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Shamma
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Delaunay K, Sellam A, Dinet V, Moulin A, Zhao M, Gelizé E, Canonica J, Naud MC, Crisanti-Lassiaz P, Behar-Cohen F. Meteorin Is a Novel Therapeutic Target for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132973. [PMID: 34279457 PMCID: PMC8268911 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-angiogenic effect of MTRN (meteorin) in the laser-induced CNV rat model and explore its mechanisms of action. MTRN, thrompospondin-1, glial cell markers (GFAP, vimentin), and phalloidin were immuno-stained in non-human primate flat-mounted retinas and human retina cross sections. The effect of MTRN at different doses and time points was evaluated on laser-induced CNV at 14 days using in vivo fluorescein angiography and ex vivo quantification of CNV. A pan transcriptomic analysis of the retina and the RPE/choroid complex was used to explore MTRN effects mechanisms. In human retina, MTRN is enriched in the macula, expressed in and secreted by glial cells, and located in photoreceptor cells, including in nuclear bodies. Intravitreal MTRN administered preventively reduced CNV angiographic scores and CNV size in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose, administered at day 7, also reduced CNV. MTRN, which is regulated by mineralocorticoid receptor modulators in the rat retina, regulates pathways associated with angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and neuroprotection. MTRN is a potential novel therapeutic candidate protein for wet AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Delaunay
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Alexandre Sellam
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Virginie Dinet
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
- Biology of Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM U1034, Pessac, Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandre Moulin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Min Zhao
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Emmanuelle Gelizé
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Jérémie Canonica
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1000 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Marie-Christine Naud
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Patricia Crisanti-Lassiaz
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, INSERM, From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, 75006 Paris, France; (K.D.); (A.S.); (V.D.); (M.Z.); (E.G.); (J.C.); (M.-C.N.); (P.C.-L.)
- Hôpital Cochin Ophthalmopole, Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, 75014 Paris, France
- INSERM UMR_S 1138, Team 17: From Physiopathology of Retinal Diseases to Clinical Advances, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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Wang T, Zhang C, Xie H, Jiang M, Tian H, Lu L, Xu GT, Liu L, Zhang J. Anti-VEGF therapy prevents Müller intracellular edema by decreasing VEGF-A in diabetic retinopathy. EYE AND VISION 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 33865457 PMCID: PMC8053282 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-021-00237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Although vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is known to play a key role in causing retinal edema, whether and how VEGF-A induces intracellular edema in the retina still remains unclear. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered diabetic with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was performed 8 weeks after diabetes onset. rMC-1 cells (rat Müller cell line) were treated with glyoxal for 24 h with or without ranibizumab. The expression levels of inwardly rectifying K+ channel 4.1 (Kir4.1), aquaporin 4 (AQP4), Dystrophin 71 (Dp71), VEGF-A, glutamine synthetase (GS) and sodium-potassium-ATPase (Na+-K+-ATPase) were examined using Western blot. VEGF-A in the supernatant of the cell culture was detected with ELISA. The intracellular potassium and sodium levels were detected with specific indicators. Results Compared with normal control, protein expressions of Kir4.1 and AQP4 were down-regulated significantly in diabetic rat retinas, which were prevented by ranibizumab. The above changes were recapitulated in vitro. Similarly, the intracellular potassium level in glyoxal-treated rMC-1 cells was increased, while the intracellular sodium level and Na+-K+-ATPase protein level remained unchanged, compared with control. However, ranibizumab treatment decreased intracellular sodium, but not potassium. Conclusion Ranibizumab protected Müller cells from diabetic intracellular edema through the up-regulation of Kir4.1 and AQP4 by directly binding VEGF-A. It also caused a reduction in intracellular osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Xie
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Medical School Building, Room 623, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mengmeng Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Medical School Building, Room 623, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Medical School Building, Room 623, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Tongji Eye Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1239 Siping Road, Medical School Building, Room 623, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 160 Pujian Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Pauleikhoff L, Agostini H, Lange C. [Central serous chorioretinopathy]. Ophthalmologe 2021; 118:967-980. [PMID: 33861376 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is the fourth most common disease of the macula after age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion and a cause of irreversible visual loss. This article gives an overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, multimodal imaging and discusses current therapeutic options for CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurenz Pauleikhoff
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Hansjürgen Agostini
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Clemens Lange
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg, Deutschland.
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Karska‐Basta I, Pociej‐Marciak W, Chrząszcz M, Kubicka‐Trząska A, Romanowska‐Dixon B, Sanak M. Altered plasma cytokine levels in acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:e222-e231. [PMID: 32701204 PMCID: PMC7984262 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate plasma levels of selected cytokines and investigate their correlation with choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). METHODS We enrolled 30 patients with acute CSC, 30 patients with chronic CSC and 20 controls. Plasma concentrations of 12 cytokines, interleukins IL-8, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 p70, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), were measured using multiplex immunoassays. Differences in cytokine levels between groups were assessed. We also investigated correlations between cytokine levels and CT using swept-source optical coherence tomography, as well as an association between plasma cytokine profile and systemic hypertension. RESULTS We noted differences in IL-6 (p = 0.005), IL-10 (p = 0.03), IL-12 p70 (p = 0.028) and VEGF (p = 0.029) levels between groups. Pro-inflammatory IL-12 p70 and multidirectional IL-10 cytokines were upregulated, while pro-angiogenic VEGF was downregulated in chronic CSC as compared with controls (p = 0.005, p = 0.025 and p = 0.027, respectively). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was upregulated in acute and chronic CSC (p = 0.030 and p = 0.005, respectively). Interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-6 and IL-12 levels correlated with mean CT in acute CSC (p = 0.008, p = 0.003 and p = 0.044, respectively), while IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α plasma levels correlated with hypertension in chronic CSC (p = 0.005, p = 0.033 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION We provided new evidence for the possible role of plasma cytokines in the pathogenesis of CSC. Our results suggest that IL-6 may be important in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic CSC. The association between inflammatory response and hypertension in patients with CSC was also confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Karska‐Basta
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Weronika Pociej‐Marciak
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Michał Chrząszcz
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Agnieszka Kubicka‐Trząska
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Bożena Romanowska‐Dixon
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of OphthalmologyClinic of Ophthalmology and Ocular OncologyJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
| | - Marek Sanak
- Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Internal MedicineMolecular Biology and Clinical Genetics UnitJagiellonian University Medical CollegeKrakówPoland
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CHANGES OF AQUEOUS HUMOR MÜLLER CELLS' BIOMARKERS IN HUMAN PATIENTS AFFECTED BY DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA AFTER SUBTHRESHOLD MICROPULSE LASER TREATMENT. Retina 2021; 40:126-134. [PMID: 30300267 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the changes in activity of biomarkers of Mu[Combining Diaeresis]ller cells (MC) in aqueous humor of patients with diabetic macular edema after subthreshold micropulse laser, over 1 year. METHODS Patients with untreated diabetic macular edema and central retinal thickness ≤ 400 μm were enrolled. Best-corrected visual acuity, full ophthalmic examination, and optical coherence tomography were performed. Subthreshold micropulse laser was applied every 3 months. Glial fibrillary acidic protein and inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir 4.1), MC activity markers, and vascular endothelial growth factor were quantified in the aqueous humor collected at baseline and at 1, 3, and 12 months after laser. Changes in the macular thickness and inner nuclear layer thickness, where MC bodies are located, were measured. RESULTS Ten eyes of 10 patients were included. Best-corrected visual acuity improved at 3 months (P = 0.047) and remained stable. Inner nuclear layer thickness significantly reduced at 12 months (P = 0.012). Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Kir 4.1, and vascular endothelial growth factor decreased at 1 and/or 3 and/or 12 months compared with baseline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Subthreshold micropulse laser improves visual function in diabetic macular edema. Kir 4.1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein decrease and inner nuclear layer thickness reduction demonstrate that subthreshold micropulse laser may restore MC function. Subthreshold micropulse laser also reduces vascular endothelial growth factor concentration. The effect of subthreshold micropulse laser in diabetic macular edema may in part be due to changes of MC metabolic activity.
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Alam K, Akhter Y. The Impacts of Unfolded Protein Response in the Retinal Cells During Diabetes: Possible Implications on Diabetic Retinopathy Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 14:615125. [PMID: 33613197 PMCID: PMC7886690 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.615125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vision-threatening, chronic, and challenging eye disease in the diabetic population. Despite recent advancements in the clinical management of diabetes, DR remains the major cause of blindness in working-age adults. A better understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of DR development will aid in identifying therapeutic targets. Emerging pieces of evidence from recent research in the field of ER stress have demonstrated a close association between unfolded protein response (UPR)-associated cellular activities and DR development. In this minireview article, we shall provide an emerging understating of how UPR influences DR pathogenesis at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
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Yavuz S, Balsak S, Karahan M, Dursun B. Investigating the efficacy and safety of oral spironolactone in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy. J Fr Ophtalmol 2020; 44:13-23. [PMID: 33279285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTıVE: The goal of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of oral spironolactone in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). MATERıALS AND METHODS: In our study, acute CSC patients were divided into two groups: those who received spironolactone 25mg twice a day as the study group, and those who were not treated as the control group. Fundus fluorescein angiography was performed in all patients. Subretinal fluid (SRF) height and central macular thickness (CMT) spectral area were measured by optical coherence tomography as well as subfoveal choroid thickness (CT) in enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode. The best-corrected visual acuity (BVCA) was measured with the Snellen chart. Side effects of spironolactone were evaluated. RESULTS: There were 31 eyes in the study group and 28 eyes in the control group. The mean follow-up was 2.4±0.5 months. The average SRF height of 240.26±92.89μm in the study group decreased to 26.77±39.52μm (P<0.05) at the last follow-up. SRF height was completely improved in 18 eyes (58.06%). On the first evaluation, the mean CMT of 453.26±147.73 was reduced to 276.19±109.29μm at the last follow-up. (P<0.05). While the initial mean subfoveal CT was 482.10±86.36μm, it decreased to 427.10±83.32μm at the last follow-up (P<0.01). The mean baseline BCVA of 0.5±0.23 was increased to 0.9±0.16 (P<0.01) at the last follow-up. At the last follow-up, BCVA was 10/10 (1.0) in 21 eyes (67.74%). In the control group, the mean SRF height of 277.71±108.83μm was 172.96±93.88μm (P<0.05) at the last follow-up. The mean CMT in the control group was 464.5±131.14μm at the first evaluation and 349.82±111.45μm (P<0.05) at the last follow-up. The initial mean subfoveal CT was 487.93±88.9μm; at the last follow-up, it was 447.71±71.32μm (P<0.01). While the mean BCVA of the control group was initially 0.53±0.19, it was found to be 0.64±0.19 (P<0.01) at the final control. The decrease in SRF height in the 3rd month was significantly greater in the study group compared to the control group (P<0.01). However, the decrease in CMT at 3 months and an increase in BCVA were also significant in the study group compared to the control group (P<0.01). CT decreased significantly in the third month in both groups compared to the first month, but there was no difference between the two groups. In a patient who developed palpitations and nausea, treatment was discontinued because he could not tolerate oral spironolactone. CONCLUSıON: In our series, effective visual improvement and subretinal fluid resorption were achieved in acute CSC patients who were given spironolactone. Side effects are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yavuz
- Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Turkey.
| | - S Balsak
- Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Turkey
| | - M Karahan
- Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Turkey
| | - B Dursun
- Diyarbakir Gazi Yasargil Egitim ve Arastirma Hastanesi, Turkey
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Predictive factors of selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16621. [PMID: 33024222 PMCID: PMC7538998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractTo compare the macular morphology of good and poor responders to eplerenone treatment in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) patients. Thirty eyes of 29 patients with chronic CSCR were treated with 50 mg/day oral eplerenone and followed up for 1 year. The integrity of outer retinal layers at baseline was assessed using optical coherence tomography. Patients who showed complete resolution of subretinal fluid at 1 year were assigned to the good responder group (Group 1), whilst those who showed moderate or no resolution were classified as poor responders (Group 2). Ellipsoid zone interruption, ELM interruption and hyperreflective foci in outer segment (OS) and outer nuclear layer (ON layer) was significantly more frequent in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p < 0.05 for all parameteres). Outer segment elongation was significantly more frequently seen in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p < 0.05) Multivariable regression analysis showed that intact ellipsoid zone at baseline is an independent predictor of good therapeutic response, with an odds ratio of 26.00 (95% CI 3.69–183.45; p = 0.001) after controlling for the effect of hyperreflective foci and ELM integrity. There is higher chance of the resolution of subretinal fluid after eplerenone treatment in CSCR patients with intact outer retinal layers at baseline. Baseline morphologic evaluation of the outer retinal layers on OCT scans can be useful in predicting the response to mineralocorticoid antagonist therapy in these patients.
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Behar-Cohen F, Zhao M, Gelize E, Bousquet E, Daruich A, Alexandre M, Delaunay K, Torriglia A, Berdugo-Polak M, Jaisser F, de Kozak Y, Lassiaz P. Les œdèmes maculaires. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:753-762. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
L’œdème maculaire est une augmentation de volume de la macula, zone centrale de la rétine, responsable de l’acuité visuelle. Des symptômes visuels handicapent la vie de millions de patients atteints d’œdème maculaire secondaire à une maladie chronique et parfois aiguë de la rétine. Les protéines qui neutralisent la voie du facteur de croissance de l’endothélium vasculaire (VEGF) ou les glucocorticoïdes, au prix d’injections intraoculaires répétées pendant des années, limitent les symptômes visuels. Mieux comprendre pourquoi et comment l’œdème se forme et comment les molécules thérapeutiques exercent un effet anti-œdémateux permettra de mieux prévenir la survenue de cette complication rétinienne handicapante et cécitante.
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Dahmana N, Kowalczuk L, Gabriel D, Behar-Cohen F, Gurny R, Kalia YN. Ocular Biodistribution of Spironolactone after a Single Intravitreal Injection of a Biodegradable Sustained-Release Polymer in Rats. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:59-69. [PMID: 31751144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sustained-release formulations for ocular delivery are of increasing interest given their potential to significantly improve treatment efficacy and patient adherence. The objectives of this study were (i) to develop a sustained-release formulation of spironolactone (SPL) using a biodegradable and injectable polymer, hexyl-substituted poly-lactic acid (hexPLA) and (ii) to investigate the ocular biodistribution and tolerability of SPL and its metabolites in rats in vivo over 1 month following a single intravitreal injection (IVT inj). The concentrations of SPL and its two principal active metabolites, 7α-thiomethylspironolactone and canrenone (CAN), in the different ocular compartments were determined at different time points (3, 7, and 31 days after IVT inj) using a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. Systemic exposure following a single IVT inj of 5% SPL-hexPLA formulation was evaluated by quantifying SPL and its metabolites in the plasma. Ocular tolerability of the formulation was evaluated using in vivo retinal imaging and histology. In vitro release studies revealed a sustained release of SPL from 5% SPL-hexPLA for up to 65 days. In vivo studies showed that SPL and its metabolites were detected in all ocular tissues at 3 and 7 days post-IVT inj. At 31 days post-IVT inj, SPL and CAN were mainly detected in the retina. These results also highlighted the clearance pathway of SPL and its metabolite involving the anterior and posterior routes in the first week (days 3 and 7), then mainly the posterior segment in the last week (day 31). This study showed that a single IVT inj of 5% SPL-hexPLA in rats enabled sustained delivery of therapeutic amounts of SPL for up to 1 month to the retina without systemic exposure. This formulation may be of interest for the local treatment of diseases involving overactivation of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the chorioretina such as chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoual Dahmana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - Laura Kowalczuk
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine , University of Lausanne , Rue du Bugnon 21 , 1011 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles , Avenue de France 15 , 1004 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Doris Gabriel
- Apidel SA , Quai du Mont Blanc 29 , 1201 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine , University of Lausanne , Rue du Bugnon 21 , 1011 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université de Paris , INSERM U1138, Team Physiopathology of Ocular Diseases: Therapeutic Innovations, Paris , France.,Hôpital Cochin - Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris , Ophtalmopole , Paris , France
| | - Robert Gurny
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland.,Apidel SA , Quai du Mont Blanc 29 , 1201 Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , CMU-Rue Michel Servet 1 , 1211 Geneva 4 , Switzerland
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Chung SR, Jeong JG, Lee TE, You IC, Ahn M, Cho NC. Oral Spironolactone Treatment in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2020.61.3.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sae Rom Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jin Gu Jeong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Tae Eun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - In Cheon You
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Min Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Nam Chun Cho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Rana I, Suphapimol V, Jerome JR, Talia DM, Deliyanti D, Wilkinson-Berka JL. Angiotensin II and aldosterone activate retinal microglia. Exp Eye Res 2019; 191:107902. [PMID: 31884019 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Microglial cells are important contributors to the neuroinflammation and blood vessel damage that occurs in ischemic retinopathies. We hypothesized that key effectors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system, angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone, increase the density of microglia in the retina and stimulate their production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory factors. Two animal models were studied that featured up-regulation of Ang II or aldosterone and included transgenic Ren-2 rats which overexpress renin and Ang II in tissues including the retina, and Sprague Dawley rats with ischemic retinopathy and infused with aldosterone. Complementary studies were performed in primary cultures of retinal microglia from neonatal Sprague Dawley rats exposed to hypoxia (0.5% O2) and inhibitors of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (valsartan), the mineralocorticoid receptor (spironolactone) or aldosterone synthase (FAD286). In both in vivo models, the density of ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 labelled microglia/macrophages was increased in retina compared to genetic or vehicle controls. In primary cultures of retinal microglia, hypoxia increased ROS (superoxide) levels as well as the expression of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms, NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4. The elevated levels of ROS as well as NOX2 and NOX4 were reduced by all of the treatments, and valsartan and FAD286 also reduced NOX1 mRNA levels. A protein cytokine array of retinal microglia revealed that valsartan, spironolactone and FAD286 reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in the potent pro-angiogenic and pro-inflammatory agent, vascular endothelial growth factor as well as the inflammatory factors, CCL5 and interferon γ. Valsartan also reduced the hypoxia-induced increase in IL-6 and TIMP-1 as well as the chemoattractants, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5 and CXCL10. Spironolactone and FAD286 reduced the levels of CXCL2 and CXCL10, respectively. In conclusion, our findings that both Ang II and aldosterone influence the activation of retinal microglia implicates the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajeetsinh Rana
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Victoria University, Ballarat Road, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
| | - Varaporn Suphapimol
- Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack R Jerome
- Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean M Talia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Devy Deliyanti
- Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Wilkinson-Berka
- Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Huang KH, Chen YH, Lee LC, Tai MC, Chung CH, Chen JT, Liang CM, Chien WC, Chen CL. Relationship between heart failure and central serous chorioretinopathy: A cohort study in Taiwan. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:941-947. [PMID: 31805017 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and heart failure (HF) are disorders with a complex pathogenesis, whereas the two diseases might share similar pathogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate whether patients with HF are exposed to potential risk of CSCR by using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). METHODS Data were collected from the NHIRD over a 14-year period. Variables were analyzed with the Pearson chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. The risk factors for disease development were examined by adjusted hazard ratio (aHR). Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to compare the cumulative incidence of CSCR. RESULTS A total of 24 426 patients with HF were enrolled in the study cohort, and there were 24 426 patients without HF in the control cohort. The incidence rate of CSCR was higher in the study cohort than in the control cohort (aHR = 4.572, p < 0.001). CSCR occurred more commonly in males than in females. The overall incidence of CSCR was 30.07 per 100 000 person-years in the study cohort and 23.06 per 100 000 person-years in the control cohort. Besides, subgroup analysis revealed that no matter in gender or age group, HF patients were in an increased risk of CSCR diagnosis (male/female, aHR = 3.268/7.701; 20-59 years/≥60 years, aHR = 3.405/5.501, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION HF is a significant indicator for CSCR. Patients with HF should stay alert for potential disorder of visual impairment. Further prospective studies to investigate the relationship between HF and CSCR could provide more information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Hao Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Ophthalmology, Song-Shan Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lung-Chi Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Cheng Tai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Min Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Farooq O, Habib A, Shah MA, Ahmed N. Effect of oral eplerenone in anatomical and functional improvement in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35:1544-1547. [PMID: 31777490 PMCID: PMC6861486 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.35.6.896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the efficacy of oral eplerenone in anatomical and functional improvement in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). Methods: This quasi experimental study was performed at PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi from September 2018 to February 2019. Study included 23 patients. Patients were included using consecutive sampling technique and informed consent was taken from all patients before staring treatment. 50 mg of oral eplerenone per day was given for three months. Subretinal fluid (SRF) height and visual acuity (VA) were noted at baseline, one month and three month follow-up. Structured Study performa was used for data collection. Data was analysed and assessed with SPSS version 23. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age of patients was 40.7±7 years and mean duration of disease before treatment was 3.7±0.76 months. Mean baseline BCVA and SRF height was 0.39±0.02 logMAR and 123±12.5 µm respectively. Sixty-five percent patients responded at one month and 80% at three months with reduction in SRF height. Improvement in visual acuity was also statistically significant at 3 months (p<0.05). Conclusion: Use of eplerenone in chronic CSCR resulted in significant improvement in vision and decrease in mean SRF height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Farooq
- Dr. Omer Farooq, MBBS, FCPS, FRCS. Department of Ophthalmology, PNS Shifa Hospital, BUMDC, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Habib
- Dr. Asad Habib, MBBS. Department of Ophthalmology, PNS Shifa Hospital, BUMDC, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Masood Alam Shah
- Dr. Masood Alam Shah, FCPS. Department of Ophthalmology, PAF Hospital Faisal, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najia Ahmed
- Dr. Najia Ahmed, MBBS, FCPS. Department of Dermatology, PNS Shifa Hospital, BUMDC, Karachi, Pakistan
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Iacono P, Toto L, Costanzo E, Varano M, Parravano MC. Pharmacotherapy of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Review of the Current Treatments. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:4864-4873. [PMID: 30674250 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190123165914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is the fourth most frequent retinal disorder in terms of prevalence. It typically occurs in young subjects and affects men more often than women. CSC is characterized by serous retinal detachment (SRD) involving mainly the macular area. The clinical course is usually selflimited, with spontaneous resolution within 3 months. The persistence of SRD or multiple relapse may result in a chronic form of CSC distinguished by permanent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor damage. As the pathogenetic mechanism of CSC primarily involves RPE and choroidal vascularization, the current therapeutic approaches aim to restore the normal functions of RPE and normal choroidal vascular permeability. In this review, the authors aim to summarize the current therapeutic approach to CSC. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted in PubMed by searching for relevant studies on the current therapeutic options for CSC, including simple observation, conventional laser treatment, subthreshold laser treatment (SLT), photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin, treatment with mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists and treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs. RESULTS Since most cases resolve spontaneously, the most common initial CSC treatment is observation. Current evidence suggests that PDT and SLT are valuable in improving visual acuity, reducing subretinal fluid and maintaining long-term effectiveness. No clear evidence of efficacy has been achieved for anti-VEGF. MR antagonists might be a viable choice for the treatment of chronic CSC. CONCLUSION The pathophysiology of CSC remains poorly understood and as a consequence, the gold standard of care for CSC is yet to be defined. To date, PDT and SLT continue to offer good clinical outcomes. Positive preliminary results seem to emerge from the studies of MR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa Toto
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Ophthalmology Clinic, University G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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van Rijssen TJ, van Dijk EHC, Yzer S, Ohno-Matsui K, Keunen JEE, Schlingemann RO, Sivaprasad S, Querques G, Downes SM, Fauser S, Hoyng CB, Piccolino FC, Chhablani JK, Lai TYY, Lotery AJ, Larsen M, Holz FG, Freund KB, Yannuzzi LA, Boon CJF. Central serous chorioretinopathy: Towards an evidence-based treatment guideline. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 73:100770. [PMID: 31319157 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a common cause of central vision loss, primarily affecting men 20-60 years of age. To date, no consensus has been reached regarding the classification of CSC, and a wide variety of interventions have been proposed, reflecting the controversy associated with treating this disease. The recent publication of appropriately powered randomised controlled trials such as the PLACE trial, as well as large retrospective, non-randomised treatment studies regarding the treatment of CSC suggest the feasibility of a more evidence-based approach when considering treatment options. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current rationale and evidence with respect to the variety of interventions available for treating CSC, including pharmacology, laser treatment, and photodynamic therapy. In addition, we describe the complexity of CSC, the challenges associated with treating CSC, and currently ongoing studies. Many treatment strategies such as photodynamic therapy using verteporfin, oral mineralocorticoid antagonists, and micropulse laser treatment have been reported as being effective. Currently, however, the available evidence suggests that half-dose (or half-fluence) photodynamic therapy should be the treatment of choice in chronic CSC, whereas observation may be the preferred approach in acute CSC. Nevertheless, exceptions can be considered based upon patient-specific characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J van Rijssen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elon H C van Dijk
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Yzer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rotterdam Eye Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan E E Keunen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre 162, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Susan M Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, West Wing, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sascha Fauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carel B Hoyng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jay K Chhablani
- Smt. Kanuri Santhamma Retina Vitreous Centre, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India
| | - Timothy Y Y Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; 2010 Retina & Macula Centre, Tsim Sha Tsui, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Andrew J Lotery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Larsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Bailey Freund
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA; LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence A Yannuzzi
- Vitreous Retina Macula Consultants of New York, New York, NY, USA; LuEsther T. Mertz Retinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear, and Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camiel J F Boon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Allingham MJ, Mettu PS, Cousins SW. Aldosterone as a mediator of severity in retinal vascular disease: Evidence and potential mechanisms. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107788. [PMID: 31479654 PMCID: PMC6802292 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are the two most common retinal vascular diseases and are major causes of vision loss and blindness worldwide. Recent and ongoing development of medical therapies including anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and corticosteroid drugs for treatment of these diseases have greatly improved the care of afflicted patients. However, severe manifestations of retinal vascular disease result in persistent macular edema, progressive retinal ischemia and incomplete visual recovery. Additionally, choroidal vascular diseases including neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) cause vision loss for which current treatments are incompletely effective in some cases and highly burdensome in others. In recent years, aldosterone has gained attention as a contributor to the various deleterious effects of retinal and choroidal vascular diseases via a variety of mechanisms in several retinal cell types. The following is a review of the role of aldosterone in retinal and choroidal vascular diseases as well as our current understanding of the mechanisms by which aldosterone mediates these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Allingham
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.
| | - Priyatham S Mettu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Scott W Cousins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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48
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Bousquet E, Zhao M, Daruich A, Behar-Cohen F. Mineralocorticoid antagonists in the treatment of central serous chorioetinopathy: Review of the pre-clinical and clinical evidence. Exp Eye Res 2019; 187:107754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wilkinson-Berka JL, Suphapimol V, Jerome JR, Deliyanti D, Allingham MJ. Angiotensin II and aldosterone in retinal vasculopathy and inflammation. Exp Eye Res 2019; 187:107766. [PMID: 31425690 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II and aldosterone are the main effectors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and have a central role in hypertension as well as cardiovascular and renal disease. The localization of RAAS components within the retina has led to studies investigating the roles of angiotensin II, aldosterone and the counter regulatory arm of the pathway in vision-threatening retinopathies. This review will provide a brief overview of RAAS components as well as the vascular pathology that develops in the retinal diseases, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The review will discuss pre-clinical and clinical evidence that modulation of the RAAS alters the development of vasculopathy and inflammation in the aforementioned retinopathies, as well as the emerging role of aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor in central serous chorioretinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Wilkinson-Berka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Varaporn Suphapimol
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack R Jerome
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Devy Deliyanti
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Diabetes, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Abstract
Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is the second most common maculopathy after diabetic maculopathy between the third and fifth decades of life. CSCR is characterized by serous neurosensory retinal detachment occasionally coexisting with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment. CSCR usually has good clinical prognosis, often resolving spontaneously within the first three months. However, some patients may have recurrent episodes and chronic disease. CSCR can cause permanent visual loss due to persistent neurosensory retinal detachment and RPE atrophy, especially in chronic cases. In recent years, verteporfin-photodynamic therapy applied with standard and low-dose/low-fluence protocols, anti-vascular endothelial growth factors, glucocorticoid antagonists, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and subthreshold micropulse laser with varying parameters have been investigated as treatment options. In this review, we evaluated randomized and non-randomized case series conducted after 2000 that included at least 3 patients with chronic CSCR over 3 months in duration who were treated with current treatment options for chronic CSCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Gülkaş
- Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital, Ophthalmology Clinic, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Özlem Şahin
- Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, İstanbul, Turkey
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