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Pocock J, Vasilopoulou F, Svensson E, Cosker K. Microglia and TREM2. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110020. [PMID: 38821351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
TREM2 is a membrane receptor solely expressed on microglia in normal brain. In this review we outline recent advances in TREM2 biology and its implications for microglial function, with particular emphasis on findings from iPSC-derived microglia (iMG) expressing TREM2 loss-of-function mutations. Alterations in receptor proximal and distal signalling underlie TREM2 risk variants linked to neurodegenerative disease, principally NH-linked FTD, and late-onset AD, but emerging data suggest roles for TREM2 in PD, MS and ALS. TREM2 downstream functions include phagocytosis of myelin debris, amyloid beta peptides, and phosphatidylserine-expressing cells (resulting from damage or stress). Microglial survival, migration, DAMP signalling, inflammasome activation, and intercellular signalling including tau spreading via exosomes, as well as roles for sTREM2 in protection and as a biomarker are discussed. The role of TREM2 in metabolic homeostasis, and immunometabolic switching are discussed regarding microglial responses to damage and protection. The use of iPSC models to investigate the role of TREM2 in AD, PD, MS, ALS, and other neurodegenerative diseases could prove invaluable due to their ability to recapitulate human pathology, allowing a full understanding of TREM2 and microglial involvement in the underlying disease mechanisms and progression. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microglia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Pocock
- Department of Neuroinflammation, And Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N1PJ, UK.
| | - Foteini Vasilopoulou
- Department of Neuroinflammation, And Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N1PJ, UK
| | - Elina Svensson
- Department of Neuroinflammation, And Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N1PJ, UK
| | - Katharina Cosker
- Department of Neuroinflammation, And Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, 1 Wakefield Street, London, WC1N1PJ, UK
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Matteoli M. The role of microglial TREM2 in development: A path toward neurodegeneration? Glia 2024; 72:1544-1554. [PMID: 38837837 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The nervous and the immune systems undergo a continuous cross talk, starting from early development and continuing throughout adulthood and aging. Defects in this cross talk contribute to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain that are primarily involved in this bidirectional communication. Among the microglial genes, trem2 is a key player, controlling the functional state of microglia and being at the forefront of many processes that require interaction between microglia and other brain components, such as neurons and oligodendrocytes. The present review focuses on the early developmental window, describing the early brain processes in which TREM2 is primarily involved, including the modulation of synapse formation and elimination, the control of neuronal bioenergetic states as well as the contribution to myelination processes and neuronal circuit formation. By causing imbalances during these early maturation phases, dysfunctional TREM2 may have a striking impact on the adult brain, making it a more sensitive target for insults occurring during adulthood and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Matteoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Neuro Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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3
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Salunkhe J, Ugale R. Recent updates on immunotherapy in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain Res 2024; 1845:149205. [PMID: 39197568 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a progressive event leading to specific neuronal loss due to the accumulation of aberrant proteins. These pathologic forms of proteins further worsen and interfere with normal physiologic mechanisms, which can lead to abnormal proliferation of immune cells and subsequent inflammatory cascades and ultimately neuronal loss. Recently, immunotherapies targeting abnormal, pathologic forms of protein have shown a promising approach to modify the progression of neurodegeneration. Recent advances in immunotherapy have led to the development of novel antibodies against the proteinopathies which can eradicate aggregations of protein as evident from preclinical and clinical studies. Nonetheless, only a few of them have successfully received clinical approval, while others have been discontinued due to a lack of clinical efficacy endpoints. The current review discusses the status of investigational antibodies under clinical trials, their targets for therapeutic action, and evidence for failure or success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jotiram Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Rajesh Ugale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India.
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Cui Y, Chen C, Tang Z, Yuan W, Yue K, Cui P, Qiu X, Zhang H, Li T, Zhu X, Luo J, Sun S, Li Y, Feng C, Peng L, Xie X, Guo Y, Xie Y, Jiang X, Qi Z, Thomson AW, Dai H. TREM2 deficiency aggravates renal injury by promoting macrophage apoptosis and polarization via the JAK-STAT pathway in mice. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:401. [PMID: 38849370 PMCID: PMC11161629 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an immune receptor that affects cellular phenotypes by modulating phagocytosis and metabolism, promoting cell survival, and counteracting inflammation. Its role in renal injury, in particular, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI)-induced renal injury remains unclear. In our study, WT and Trem2-/- mice were employed to evaluate the role of TREM2 in renal macrophage infiltration and tissue injury after UUO. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from both mouse genotypes were cultured and polarized for in vitro experiments. Next, the effects of TREM2 on renal injury and macrophage polarization in IRI mice were also explored. We found that TREM2 expression was upregulated in the obstructed kidneys. TREM2 deficiency exacerbated renal inflammation and fibrosis 3 and 7 days after UUO, in association with reduced macrophage infiltration. Trem2-/- BMDM exhibited increased apoptosis and poorer survival compared with WT BMDM. Meanwhile, TREM2 deficiency augmented M1 and M2 polarization after UUO. Consistent with the in vivo observations, TREM2 deficiency led to increased polarization of BMDM towards the M1 proinflammatory phenotype. Mechanistically, TREM2 deficiency promoted M1 and M2 polarization via the JAK-STAT pathway in the presence of TGF-β1, thereby affecting cell survival by regulating mTOR signaling. Furthermore, cyclocreatine supplementation alleviated cell death caused by TREM2 deficiency. Additionally, we found that TREM2 deficiency promoted renal injury, fibrosis, and macrophage polarization in IRI mice. The current data suggest that TREM2 deficiency aggravates renal injury by promoting macrophage apoptosis and polarization via the JAK-STAT pathway. These findings have implications for the role of TREM2 in the regulation of renal injury that justify further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cui
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhouqi Tang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wenjia Yuan
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Kaiye Yue
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Pengcheng Cui
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Hedong Zhang
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Tengfang Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xuejing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jiadi Luo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yaguang Li
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chen Feng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Zhongquan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Angus W Thomson
- Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery and Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Helong Dai
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Yang R, Li DD, Li XX, Yang XX, Gao HM, Zhang F. Dihydroquercetin alleviates dopamine neuron loss via regulating TREM2 activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132179. [PMID: 38723817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, marked by the degeneration of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Current evidence strongly suggests that neuroinflammation, primarily mediated by microglia, contributes to PD pathogenesis. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) might serve as a promising therapeutic target for PD due to its ability to suppress neuroinflammation. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) is an important natural dihydroflavone and confers apparent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-fibrotic effects. Recently, DHQ-mediated neuroprotection was exhibited. However, the specific mechanisms of its neuroprotective effects remain incompletely elucidated. METHODS In this study, rat models were utilized to induce damage to DA neurons using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to assess the impacts of DHQ on the loss of DA neurons. Furthermore, DA neuronal MN9D cells and microglial BV2 cells were employed to investigate the function of TREM2 in DHQ-mediated DA neuroprotection. Finally, TREM2 knockout mice were used to investigate whether the neuroprotective effects mediated by DHQ through a mechanism dependent on TREM2. RESULTS The main findings demonstrated that DHQ effectively protected DA neurons against neurotoxicity induced by LPS and 6-OHDA and inhibited microglia-elicited neuroinflammation. Meanwhile, DHQ promoted microglial TREM2 signaling activation. Notably, DHQ failed to reduce inflammatory cytokines release and further present neuroprotection from DA neurotoxicity upon TREM2 silencing. Similarly, DHQ didn't exert DA neuroprotection in TREM2 knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that DHQ exerted DA neuroprotection by regulating microglia TREM2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Dai-di Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao-Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin-Xing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui-Ming Gao
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Institute for Brain Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, School of medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province and Laboratory Animal Centre, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Shi Q, Gutierrez RA, Bhat MA. Microglia, Trem2, and Neurodegeneration. Neuroscientist 2024:10738584241254118. [PMID: 38769824 DOI: 10.1177/10738584241254118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are a specialized type of neuroimmune cells that undergo morphological and molecular changes through multiple signaling pathways in response to pathological protein aggregates, neuronal death, tissue injury, or infections. Microglia express Trem2, which serves as a receptor for a multitude of ligands enhancing their phagocytic activity. Trem2 has emerged as a critical modulator of microglial activity, especially in many neurodegenerative disorders. Human TREM2 mutations are associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Trem2 plays dual roles in neuroinflammation and more specifically in disease-associated microglia. Most recent developments on the molecular mechanisms of Trem2, emphasizing its role in uptake and clearance of amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates and other tissue debris to help protect and preserve the brain, are encouraging. Although Trem2 normally stimulates defense mechanisms, its dysregulation can intensify inflammation, which poses major therapeutic challenges. Recent therapeutic approaches targeting Trem2 via agonistic antibodies and gene therapy methodologies present possible avenues for reducing the burden of neurodegenerative diseases. This review highlights the promise of Trem2 as a therapeutic target, especially for Aβ-associated AD, and calls for more mechanistic investigations to understand the context-specific role of microglial Trem2 in developing effective therapies against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raul A Gutierrez
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Manzoor A Bhat
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, Joe R. and Teresa Lozano Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Serafini MM, Sepehri S, Midali M, Stinckens M, Biesiekierska M, Wolniakowska A, Gatzios A, Rundén-Pran E, Reszka E, Marinovich M, Vanhaecke T, Roszak J, Viviani B, SenGupta T. Recent advances and current challenges of new approach methodologies in developmental and adult neurotoxicity testing. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1271-1295. [PMID: 38480536 PMCID: PMC10965660 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03703-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Adult neurotoxicity (ANT) and developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) assessments aim to understand the adverse effects and underlying mechanisms of toxicants on the human nervous system. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the so-called new approach methodologies (NAMs). The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), together with European and American regulatory agencies, promote the use of validated alternative test systems, but to date, guidelines for regulatory DNT and ANT assessment rely primarily on classical animal testing. Alternative methods include both non-animal approaches and test systems on non-vertebrates (e.g., nematodes) or non-mammals (e.g., fish). Therefore, this review summarizes the recent advances of NAMs focusing on ANT and DNT and highlights the potential and current critical issues for the full implementation of these methods in the future. The status of the DNT in vitro battery (DNT IVB) is also reviewed as a first step of NAMs for the assessment of neurotoxicity in the regulatory context. Critical issues such as (i) the need for test batteries and method integration (from in silico and in vitro to in vivo alternatives, e.g., zebrafish, C. elegans) requiring interdisciplinarity to manage complexity, (ii) interlaboratory transferability, and (iii) the urgent need for method validation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Maria Serafini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Sepehri
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miriam Midali
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marth Stinckens
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marta Biesiekierska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Wolniakowska
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Alexandra Gatzios
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- The Climate and Environmental Research Institute NILU, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Research on New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in chemical risk assessment (SAFE-MI), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tamara Vanhaecke
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joanna Roszak
- Department of Translational Research, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Barbara Viviani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, "Rodolfo Paoletti", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Center of Research on New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) in chemical risk assessment (SAFE-MI), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tanima SenGupta
- The Climate and Environmental Research Institute NILU, Kjeller, Norway
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Huang P, Zhang Z, Zhang P, Feng J, Xie J, Zheng Y, Liang X, Zhu B, Chen Z, Feng S, Wang L, Lu J, Liu Y, Zhang Y. TREM2 Deficiency Aggravates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptosis in MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Mice and LPS-Induced BV2 Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2590-2605. [PMID: 37917301 PMCID: PMC11043123 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) confers strong neuroprotective effects in PD by regulating the phenotype of microglia. Recent studies suggest that TREM2 regulates high glucose-induced microglial inflammation through the NLRP3 signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TREM2 on NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuroinflammation in PD. Mice were injected with AAV-TREM2-shRNA into both sides of the substantia nigra using a stereotactic injection method, followed by intraperitoneal injection of MPTP to establish chronic PD mouse model. Behavioral assessments including the pole test and rotarod test were conducted to evaluate the effects of TREM2 deficiency on MPTP-induced motor dysfunction. Immunohistochemistry of TREM2 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence Iba1, Western blot of NLRP3 inflammasome and its downstream inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18, and the key pyroptosis factors GSDMD and GSDMD-N were performed to explore the effect of TREM2 on NLRP3 inflammasome and neuroinflammation. In an in vitro experiment, lentivirus was used to interfere with the expression of TREM2 in BV2 microglia, and then lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenopterin nucleoside triphosphate (ATP) were used to stimulate inflammation to construct a cellular inflammation model. The expression differences of NLRP3 inflammasome and its components were detected by qPCR and Western blot. In vivo, TREM2 knockdown aggravated the loss of dopaminergic neuron and the decline of motor function. After TREM2 knockdown, the number of activated microglia was significantly increased, and the expression of cleaved caspase-1, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, GSDMD, and GSDMD-N was increased. In vitro, TREM2 knockdown aggravated the inflammatory response of BV2 cells stimulated by LPS and promoted the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome through the NF-κB pathway. In addition, TREM2 knockdown also promoted the expression of TLR4/MyD88, an upstream factor of the NF-κB pathway. Our vivo and vitro data showed that TREM2 knockdown promoted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and downstream inflammatory response, promoted pyroptosis, and aggravated dopaminergic neuron loss. TREM2 acts as an anti-inflammatory in PD through the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway, which extends previous findings and supports the notion that TREM2 ameliorates neuroinflammation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiting Huang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhanyu Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Piao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiezhu Feng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yinjuan Zheng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Baoyu Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shujun Feng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiahong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yuhu Zhang
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong Province, China.
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong Province, China.
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Li Z, Yu S, Li L, Zhou C, Wang L, Tang S, Gu N, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Chen H, Tang W, Wang Y, Yang X, Sun X, Yan J. TREM2 alleviates white matter injury after traumatic brain injury in mice might be mediated by regulation of DHCR24/LXR pathway in microglia. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1665. [PMID: 38649789 PMCID: PMC11035381 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND White matter injury (WMI) is an important pathological process after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The correlation between white matter functions and the myeloid cells expressing triggering receptor-2 (TREM2) has been convincingly demonstrated. Moreover, a recent study revealed that microglial sterol metabolism is crucial for early remyelination after demyelinating diseases. However, the potential roles of TREM2 expression and microglial sterol metabolism in WMI after TBI have not yet been explored. METHODS Controlled cortical injury was induced in both wild-type (WT) and TREM2 depletion (TREM2 KO) mice to simulate clinical TBI. COG1410 was used to upregulate TREM2, while PLX5622 and GSK2033 were used to deplete microglia and inhibit the liver X receptor (LXR), respectively. Immunofluorescence, Luxol fast blue staining, magnetic resonance imaging, transmission electron microscopy, and oil red O staining were employed to assess WMI after TBI. Neurological behaviour tests and electrophysiological recordings were utilized to evaluate cognitive functions following TBI. Microglial cell sorting and transcriptomic sequencing were utilized to identify alterations in microglial sterol metabolism-related genes, while western blot was conducted to validate the findings. RESULTS TREM2 expressed highest at 3 days post-TBI and was predominantly localized to microglial cells within the white matter. Depletion of TREM2 worsened aberrant neurological behaviours, and this phenomenon was mediated by the exacerbation of WMI, reduced renewal of oligodendrocytes, and impaired phagocytosis ability of microglia after TBI. Subsequently, the upregulation of TREM2 alleviated WMI, promoted oligodendrocyte regeneration, and ultimately facilitated the recovery of neurological behaviours after TBI. Finally, the expression of DHCR24 increased in TREM2 KO mice after TBI. Interestingly, TREM2 inhibited DHCR24 and upregulated members of the LXR pathway. Moreover, LXR inhibition could partially reverse the effects of TREM2 upregulation on electrophysiological activities. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that TREM2 has the potential to alleviate WMI following TBI, possibly through the DHCR24/LXR pathway in microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Emergency DepartmentChengdu First People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Shenghui Yu
- Emergency DepartmentChengdu First People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Lin Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryChongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqingChina
| | - Chao Zhou
- Emergency DepartmentChengdu First People's HospitalChengduChina
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of NeurosurgeryNanchong Central HospitalThe Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of NeurosurgerySuining Central HospitalSuiningChina
| | - Nina Gu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhaosi Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yingwen Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaomin Yang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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10
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Rao Y, Peng B. Allogenic microglia replacement: A novel therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:237-245. [PMID: 38933508 PMCID: PMC11197774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play vital roles in CNS development, homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Genetic defects in microglia lead to microglial dysfunction, which in turn leads to neurological disorders. The correction of the specific genetic defects in microglia in these disorders can lead to therapeutic effects. Traditional genetic defect correction approaches are dependent on viral vector-based genetic defect corrections. However, the viruses used in these approaches, including adeno-associated viruses, lentiviruses and retroviruses, do not primarily target microglia; therefore, viral vector-based genetic defect corrections are ineffective in microglia. Microglia replacement is a novel approach to correct microglial genetic defects via replacing microglia of genetic defects with allogenic healthy microglia. In this paper, we systematically review the history, rationale and therapeutic perspectives of microglia replacement, which would be a novel strategy for treating CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Rao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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11
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Liang H, Liu P, Wang Z, Xiong H, Yin C, Zhao D, Wu C, Chen L. TREM2 gene induces differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into dopaminergic neurons and promotes neuronal repair via TGF-β activation in 6-OHDA-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14630. [PMID: 38348765 PMCID: PMC10862187 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold a promising potential for rescuing dopaminergic neurons in therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). This study clarifies a TREM2-dependent mechanism explaining the function of iPSC differentiation in neuronal repair of PD. METHODS PD-related differentially expressed genes were screened by bioinformatics analyses and their expression was verified using RT-qPCR in nigral tissues of 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. Following ectopic expression and depletion experiments in iPSCs, cell differentiation into dopaminergic neurons as well as the expression of dopaminergic neuronal markers TH and DAT was measured. Stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA was used to develop a mouse model of PD, which was injected with iPSC suspension overexpressing TREM2 to verify the effect of TREM2 on neuronal repair. RESULTS TREM2 was poorly expressed in the nigral tissues of 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. In the presence of TREM2 overexpression, the iPSCs showed increased expression of dopaminergic neuronal markers TH and DAT, which facilitated the differentiation of iPSCs into dopaminergic neurons. Mechanistic investigations indicated that TREM2 activated the TGF-β pathway and induced iPSC differentiation into dopaminergic neurons. In vivo data showed that iPSCs overexpressing TREM2 enhanced neuronal repair in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. CONCLUSION This work identifies a mechanistic insight for TREM2-mediated TGF-β activation in the regulation of neuronal repair in PD and suggests novel strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbai Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Zijing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huan Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Cheng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Chunhui Wu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Longyi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
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12
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Miao Y, Meng H. The involvement of α-synucleinopathy in the disruption of microglial homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:31. [PMID: 38216911 PMCID: PMC10785555 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The intracellular deposition and intercellular transmission of α-synuclein (α-syn) are shared pathological characteristics among neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Although the precise triggers of α-synucleinopathies remain unclear, recent findings indicate that disruption of microglial homeostasis contributes to the pathogenesis of PD. Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining optimal neuronal function by ensuring a homeostatic environment, but this function is disrupted during the progression of α-syn pathology. The involvement of microglia in the accumulation, uptake, and clearance of aggregated proteins is critical for managing disease spread and progression caused by α-syn pathology. This review summarizes current knowledge on the interrelationships between microglia and α-synucleinopathies, focusing on the remarkable ability of microglia to recognize and internalize extracellular α-syn through diverse pathways. Microglia process α-syn intracellularly and intercellularly to facilitate the α-syn neuronal aggregation and cell-to-cell propagation. The conformational state of α-synuclein distinctly influences microglial inflammation, which can affect peripheral immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes and may regulate the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathies. We also discuss ongoing research efforts to identify potential therapeutic approaches targeting both α-syn accumulation and inflammation in PD. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Miao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongrui Meng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Hu K, Zhu S, Wu F, Zhang Y, Li M, Yuan L, Huang W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Ren J, Yang H. Aureusidin ameliorates 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and preventing mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway in SH-SY5Y cells and Caenorhabditis elegans. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 387:110824. [PMID: 38056806 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world after Alzheimer's disease, which severely affects the quality of patients' lives and imposes an increasingly heavy socioeconomic burden. Aureusidin is a kind of natural flavonoid compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, while its pharmacological action and mechanism are rarely reported in PD. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects and potential mechanisms of Aureusidin in PD. The present study demonstrated that Aureusidin protected SH-SY5Y cells from cell damage induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) via inhibiting the mitochondria-dependent apoptosis and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling pathway. Additionally, Aureusidin diminished dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration induced by 6-OHDA and reduced the aggregation toxicity of α-synuclein (α-Syn) in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans.) In conclusion, Aureusidin showed a neuroprotective effect in the 6-OHDA-induced PD model via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and prevented mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway, and these findings suggested that Aureusidin may be an effective drug for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Susu Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fanyu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Minyue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.
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14
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Wei W, Zhang L, Xin W, Pan Y, Tatenhorst L, Hao Z, Gerner ST, Huber S, Juenemann M, Butz M, Huttner HB, Bähr M, Fitzner D, Jia F, Doeppner TR. TREM2 regulates microglial lipid droplet formation and represses post-ischemic brain injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115962. [PMID: 38042110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a transmembrane receptor protein predominantly expressed in microglia within the central nervous system (CNS). TREM2 regulates multiple microglial functions, including lipid metabolism, immune reaction, inflammation, and microglial phagocytosis. Recent studies have found that TREM2 is highly expressed in activated microglia after ischemic stroke. However, the role of TREM2 in the pathologic response after stroke remains unclear. Herein, TREM2-deficient microglia exhibit an impaired phagocytosis rate and cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation, leading to lipid droplet formation and upregulation of Perilipin-2 (PLIN2) expression after hypoxia. Knockdown of TREM2 results in increased lipid synthesis (PLIN2, SOAT1) and decreased cholesterol clearance and lipid hydrolysis (LIPA, ApoE, ABCA1, NECH1, and NPC2), further impacting microglial phenotypes. In these lipid droplet-rich microglia, the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway is downregulated, driving microglia towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Meanwhile, in a neuron-microglia co-culture system under hypoxic conditions, we found that microglia lost their protective effect against neuronal injury and apoptosis when TREM2 was knocked down. Under in vivo conditions, TREM2 knockdown mice express lower TGF-β1 expression levels and a lower number of anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype microglia, resulting in increased cerebral infarct size, exacerbated neuronal apoptosis, and aggravated neuronal impairment. Our work suggests that TREM2 attenuates stroke-induced neuroinflammation by modulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway. TREM2 may play a direct role in the regulation of inflammation and also exert an influence on the post-ischemic inflammation and the stroke pathology progression via regulation of lipid metabolism processes. Thus, underscoring the therapeutic potential of TREM2 agonists in ischemic stroke and making TREM2 an attractive new clinical target for the treatment of ischemic stroke and other inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqiang Xin
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yongli Pan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars Tatenhorst
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhongnan Hao
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan T Gerner
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Huber
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin Juenemann
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marius Butz
- Heart and Brain Research Group, Kerckhoff Heart and Thorax Center, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Hagen B Huttner
- Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Fitzner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Feng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, Giessen, Germany; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria; Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Wang Y, Cui L, Zhao H, He H, Chen L, Song X, Liu D, Qiu J, Sun Y. Exploring the Connectivity of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Microglia as the Center. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6107-6121. [PMID: 38107384 PMCID: PMC10725686 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s440377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative diseases affect people's life and health and cause a severe social burden. Relevant mechanisms of microglia have been studied, aiming to control and reduce degenerative disease occurrence effectively. This review discussed the specific mechanisms underlying microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, age-related hearing loss, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and peripheral nervous system (PNS) degenerative diseases. It also reviewed the studies of microglia inhibitors (PLX3397/PLX5622) and activators (lipopolysaccharide), and suggested that reducing microglia can effectively curb the genesis and progression of degenerative diseases. Finally, microglial cells' anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory dual role was considered the critical communication point in central and peripheral degenerative diseases. Although it is difficult to describe the complex morphological structure of microglia in a unified manner, this does not prevent them from being a target for future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Limei Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Zhao
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huhuifen He
- The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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16
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Gui J, Liu J, Wang L, Luo H, Huang D, Yang X, Song H, Han Z, Ding R, Yang J, Jiang L. TREM2 mitigates NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation through the NF-κB and PI3k/Akt signaling pathways in juvenile rats exposed to ambient particulate matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:119863-119878. [PMID: 37930574 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) is a global public and environmental problem. PM is closely associated with several neurological disorders that typically involve neuroinflammation. There have been few studies on the effect of PM on neuroinflammation to date. In this study, we used a juvenile rat model (PM exposure was conducted at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight per day for 4 weeks) and a BV-2 cell model (PM exposure was conducted at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/ml for 24 h) to investigate PM-induced neuroinflammation mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the role of TREM2 in this process. Our findings revealed that PM exposure reduced TREM2 protein and mRNA levels in the rat hippocampus and BV-2 cells. TREM2 overexpression attenuated PM-induced spatial learning and memory deficits in rats. Moreover, we observed that TREM2 overexpression in vivo and in vitro effectively mitigated the increase in NLRP3 and pro-Caspase1 protein expression, as well as the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Exposure to PM increased the expression of NF-κB and decreased the phosphorylation of PI3k/Akt in vivo and in vitro, and this process was effectively reversed by overexpressing TREM2. Our results indicated that PM exposure could reduce TREM2 expression and induce NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation and that TREM2 could mitigate NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-κB and PI3k/Akt signaling pathways. These findings shed light on PM-induced neuroinflammation mechanisms and potential intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Gui
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lingman Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Hanyu Luo
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Dishu Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Honghong Song
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ziyao Han
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ran Ding
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan Er Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Zhang W, Xiao D, Mao Q, Xia H. Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:267. [PMID: 37433768 PMCID: PMC10336149 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that inflammation is not only a result of neurodegeneration but also a crucial player in this process. Protein aggregates which are very common pathological phenomenon in neurodegeneration can induce neuroinflammation which further aggravates protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Actually, inflammation even happens earlier than protein aggregation. Neuroinflammation induced by genetic variations in CNS cells or by peripheral immune cells may induce protein deposition in some susceptible population. Numerous signaling pathways and a range of CNS cells have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, although they are still far from being completely understood. Due to the limited success of traditional treatment methods, blocking or enhancing inflammatory signaling pathways involved in neurodegeneration are considered to be promising strategies for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, and many of them have got exciting results in animal models or clinical trials. Some of them, although very few, have been approved by FDA for clinical usage. Here we comprehensively review the factors affecting neuroinflammation and the major inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the pathogenicity of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also summarize the current strategies, both in animal models and in the clinic, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.
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Zhang X, Zhong X, Wang L, Li H, Yang L, Li X, Yu X, Xie A. Effects of soluble TREM2 on motor progression in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 807:137277. [PMID: 37105353 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether sTREM2 is changed during the pathogenesis of PD and reflect motor decline in PD individuals METHODS: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from PD and healthy individuals were obtained to measure the expression of sTREM2 and further to evaluate the motor function at baseline and after four years of follow-up using the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. The relationship between motor disease progression at baseline and longitudinal CSF sTREM2 was evaluated by linear mixed-effects (LME) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models. The change rates of the motor symptoms and sTREM2 level in CSF were further rigorously analyzed using the LME model. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to evaluate the predictive values of sTREM2 in CSF for motor progression. The regulatory role of CSF α-syn and Tau between sTREM2 and motor assessments was evaluated by Mediating effect analysis. RESULTS We found no significant difference in CSF sTREM2 levels between the PD and HC groups (p = 0.155). However, late-onset PD patients had higher CSF sTREM2 levels than early-onset PD patients (p = 0.044). The basal levels of sTREM2 could predict motor progression over the four years of follow-up. The change rate of CSF sTREM2 was correlated with the progressive deterioration of motor function in PD individuals. Our observations also showed that CSF Tau was a significant mediator of the association between CSF sTREM2 and total UPDRS scores and UPDRS III and tremor at baseline with 26.5% and 33.5%, and 28.7% mediation, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that CSF sTREM2 was associated with the prognosis of PD motor symptoms. Besides, CSF Tau could effectively mediate the association of sTREM2 with motor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Hospital
| | - Xiaoling Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Hospital
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Hospital
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Hospital
| | - Liying Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Xiaoyuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University
| | - Xiaolong Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Hospital
| | - Anmu Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.
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19
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Luo L, Chen J, Wu Q, Yuan B, Hu C, Yang T, Wei H, Li T. Prenatally VPA exposure is likely to cause autistic-like behavior in the rats offspring via TREM2 down-regulation to affect the microglial activation and synapse alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104090. [PMID: 36870407 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microglial dysfunction has been reported in the valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism spectrum disorder (ASD) rat models. However, how does prenatal VPA exposure affect microglia remains to be elucidated. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is revealed to be implicated in a range of microglia functions. However, reports on the association between TREM2 and VPA-induced ASD rat models are scarce. Our results showed that prenatal VPA exposure induced autistic-like behaviors, downregulated the levels of TREM2, up-regulated microglial activation, dysregulated microglial polarization, and altered synapse in offspring. TREM2 overexpression partly ameliorated microglia dysfunction and autistic-like behaviors in prenatal VPA-exposed rats. Our findings demonstrated that prenatally VPA exposure is likely to cause autistic-like behavior in the rat offspring via TREM2 down-regulation to affect the microglial activation, microglial polarization and synaptic pruning of microglia for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Luo
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Qionghui Wu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Binlin Yuan
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Wei
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China; Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Nutrition and Health, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China; Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Mamais A, Wallings R, Rocha EM. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Lysosomal dysfunction in the endolysosomal Parkinson's disease subtype. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:33-51. [PMID: 36803821 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) remains one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. It has become increasingly recognized that PD is not one disease but a constellation of many, with distinct cellular mechanisms driving pathology and neuronal loss in each given subtype. Endolysosomal trafficking and lysosomal degradation are crucial to maintain neuronal homeostasis and vesicular trafficking. It is clear that deficits in endolysosomal signaling data support the existence of an endolysosomal PD subtype. This chapter describes how cellular pathways involved in endolysosomal vesicular trafficking and lysosomal degradation in neurons and immune cells can contribute to PD. Last, as inflammatory processes including phagocytosis and cytokine release are central in glia-neuron interactions, a spotlight on the role of neuroinflammation plays in the pathogenesis of this PD subtype is also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adamantios Mamais
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Rebecca Wallings
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Emily M Rocha
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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21
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Contaldi E, Magistrelli L, Comi C. Disease mechanisms as subtypes: Immune dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 193:67-93. [PMID: 36803824 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-85555-6.00008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the contraposition between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes has been increasingly challenged. Inflammation has been emphasized as a key player in the onset and progression of Parkinson disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. The strongest indicators of the involvement of the immune system derived from evidence of microglial activation, profound imbalance in phenotype and composition of peripheral immune cells, and impaired humoral immune responses. Moreover, peripheral inflammatory mechanisms (e.g., involving the gut-brain axis) and immunogenetic factors are likely to be implicated. Even though several lines of preclinical and clinical studies are supporting and defining the complex relationship between the immune system and PD, the exact mechanisms are currently unknown. Similarly, the temporal and causal connections between innate and adaptive immune responses and neurodegeneration are unsettled, challenging our ambition to define an integrated and holistic model of the disease. Despite these difficulties, current evidence is providing the unique opportunity to develop immune-targeted approaches for PD, thus enriching our therapeutic armamentarium. This chapter aims to provide an extensive overview of past and present studies that explored the implication of the immune system in neurodegeneration, thus paving the road for the concept of disease modification in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Contaldi
- Movement Disorders Centre, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Magistrelli
- Movement Disorders Centre, "Maggiore della Carità" University Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, S.Andrea Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy.
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22
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Wang Q, Zheng J, Pettersson S, Reynolds R, Tan EK. The link between neuroinflammation and the neurovascular unit in synucleinopathies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq1141. [PMID: 36791205 PMCID: PMC9931221 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. As a fundamental functional module in the central nervous system, the NVU maintains homeostasis in the microenvironment and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Disruption of the NVU and interactions among its components are involved in the pathophysiology of synucleinopathies, which are characterized by the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein. Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. This review aims to summarize the neuroinflammatory response of glial cells and vascular cells in the NVU. We also review neuroinflammation in the context of the cross-talk between glial cells and vascular cells, between glial cells and pericytes, and between microglia and astroglia. Last, we discuss how α-synuclein affects neuroinflammation and how neuroinflammation influences the aggregation and spread of α-synuclein and analyze different properties of α-synuclein in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Jialing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China
| | - Sven Pettersson
- ASEAN Microbiome Nutrition Centre, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Odontology, 171 77 Solna, Sweden
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Richard Reynolds
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Burlington Danes Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Centre for Molecular Neuropathology, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Haider A, Elghazawy NH, Dawood A, Gebhard C, Wichmann T, Sippl W, Hoener M, Arenas E, Liang SH. Translational molecular imaging and drug development in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:11. [PMID: 36759912 PMCID: PMC9912681 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects elderly people and constitutes a major source of disability worldwide. Notably, the neuropathological hallmarks of PD include nigrostriatal loss and the formation of intracellular inclusion bodies containing misfolded α-synuclein protein aggregates. Cardinal motor symptoms, which include tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, can effectively be managed with dopaminergic therapy for years following symptom onset. Nonetheless, patients ultimately develop symptoms that no longer fully respond to dopaminergic treatment. Attempts to discover disease-modifying agents have increasingly been supported by translational molecular imaging concepts, targeting the most prominent pathological hallmark of PD, α-synuclein accumulation, as well as other molecular pathways that contribute to the pathophysiology of PD. Indeed, molecular imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be leveraged to study parkinsonism not only in animal models but also in living patients. For instance, mitochondrial dysfunction can be assessed with probes that target the mitochondrial complex I (MC-I), while nigrostriatal degeneration is typically evaluated with probes designed to non-invasively quantify dopaminergic nerve loss. In addition to dopaminergic imaging, serotonin transporter and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor probes are increasingly used as research tools to better understand the complexity of neurotransmitter dysregulation in PD. Non-invasive quantification of neuroinflammatory processes is mainly conducted by targeting the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) on activated microglia using established imaging agents. Despite the overwhelming involvement of the brain and brainstem, the pathophysiology of PD is not restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, PD also affects various peripheral organs such as the heart and gastrointestinal tract - primarily via autonomic dysfunction. As such, research into peripheral biomarkers has taken advantage of cardiac autonomic denervation in PD, allowing the differential diagnosis between PD and multiple system atrophy with probes that visualize sympathetic nerve terminals in the myocardium. Further, α-synuclein has recently gained attention as a potential peripheral biomarker in PD. This review discusses breakthrough discoveries that have led to the contemporary molecular concepts of PD pathophysiology and how they can be harnessed to develop effective imaging probes and therapeutic agents. Further, we will shed light on potential future trends, thereby focusing on potential novel diagnostic tracers and disease-modifying therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Nehal H. Elghazawy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al-Tagamoa Al-Khames, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al-Tagamoa Al-Khames, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
| | - Alyaa Dawood
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al-Tagamoa Al-Khames, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Main Entrance of Al-Tagamoa Al-Khames, Cairo, 11835 Egypt
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wichmann
- Department of Neurology/School of Medicine, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, W.-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marius Hoener
- Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Karolinska Institutet, MBB, Molecular Neurobiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
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The Interplay between α-Synuclein and Microglia in α-Synucleinopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032477. [PMID: 36768798 PMCID: PMC9916729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a set of devastating neurodegenerative diseases that share a pathologic accumulation of the protein α-synuclein (α-syn). This accumulation causes neuronal death resulting in irreversible dementia, deteriorating motor symptoms, and devastating cognitive decline. While the etiology of these conditions remains largely unknown, microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have been consistently implicated in the pathogenesis of synucleinopathies. Microglia are generally believed to be neuroprotective in the early stages of α-syn accumulation and contribute to further neurodegeneration in chronic disease states. While the molecular mechanisms by which microglia achieve this role are still being investigated, here we highlight the major findings to date. In this review, we describe how structural varieties of inherently disordered α-syn result in varied microglial receptor-mediated interactions. We also summarize which microglial receptors enable cellular recognition and uptake of α-syn. Lastly, we review the downstream effects of α-syn processing within microglia, including spread to other brain regions resulting in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in chronic disease states. Understanding the mechanism of microglial interactions with α-syn is vital to conceptualizing molecular targets for novel therapeutic interventions. In addition, given the significant diversity in the pathophysiology of synucleinopathies, such molecular interactions are vital in gauging all potential pathways of neurodegeneration in the disease state.
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Consecutive Injection of High-Dose Lipopolysaccharide Modulates Microglia Polarization via TREM2 to Alter Status of Septic Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010126. [PMID: 36672106 PMCID: PMC9856382 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroinflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) is a prevalent syndrome of brain dysfunction secondary to severe sepsis and is regulated by microglia. Triggering the receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is known to have protective functions that modulate the microglial polarization of M2 type to reduce inflammatory responses, thereby improving cognition. METHODS We examined the effect of TREM2 on the polarization state of microglia during the progression of neuroinflammation. After consecutive intraperitoneal injections of lipopolysaccharide for 7 days, we evaluated the inflammation of a septic mice model by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and electron microscopy, and we used immunofluorescence (IF) assays and Western blotting to visualize hippocampal sections in C57BL/6 mice to assess TREM2 expression. In addition, we analyzed the state of microglia polarization with quantitative RT-PCR. RESULT The consecutive injection of LPS for 4 days elevated systemic inflammation and caused behavioral cognitive dysfunction in the septic model. However, on Day 7, the neuroinflammation was considerably attenuated. Meanwhile, TREM2 decreased on Day 4 and increased on Day 7 in vivo. Consistently, LPS could reduce the expression of TREM2 while IFN-β enhanced TREM2 expression in vitro. TREM2 regulated the microglial M1 phenotype's conversion to the M2 phenotype. CONCLUSION Our aim in this study was to investigate the interconnection between microglia polarization and TREM2 in neuroinflammation. Our results suggested that IFN-β could modulate TREM2 expression to alter the polarization state of microglia, thereby reducing LPS-induced neuroinflammation. Therefore, TREM2 is a novel potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammation.
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Mills WA, Eyo UB. TREMble Before TREM2: The Mighty Microglial Receptor Conferring Neuroprotective Properties in TDP-43 Mediated Neurodegeneration. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:163-166. [PMID: 35978262 PMCID: PMC9849511 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William A Mills
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Brain Immunology and Glia Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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27
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Yan J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Li Z, Tang S, Wang Y, Gu N, Sun X, Li L. TREM2 activation alleviates neural damage via Akt/CREB/BDNF signalling after traumatic brain injury in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:289. [PMID: 36463233 PMCID: PMC9719652 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is one of the most important processes in secondary injury after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been proven to exert neuroprotective effects in neurodegenerative diseases and stroke by modulating neuroinflammation, and promoting phagocytosis and cell survival. However, the role of TREM2 in TBI has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we are the first to use COG1410, an agonist of TREM2, to assess the effects of TREM2 activation in a murine TBI model. METHODS Adult male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and adult male TREM2 KO mice were subjected to different treatments. TBI was established by the controlled cortical impact (CCI) method. COG1410 was delivered 1 h after CCI via tail vein injection. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), neurological behaviour tests, brain electrophysiological monitoring, Evans blue assays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and brain water content measurement were performed in this study. RESULTS The expression of endogenous TREM2 peaked at 3 d after CCI, and it was mainly expressed on microglia and neurons. We found that COG1410 improved neurological functions within 3 d, as well as neurological functions and brain electrophysiological activity at 2 weeks after CCI. COG1410 exerted neuroprotective effects by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration and microglial activation, and suppressing neuroinflammation after CCI. In addition, COG1410 treatment alleviated blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and brain oedema; furthermore, COG1410 promoted cerebral blood flow (CBF) recovery at traumatic injury sites after CCI. In addition, COG1410 suppressed neural apoptosis at 3 d after CCI. TREM2 activation upregulated p-Akt, p-CREB, BDNF, and Bcl-2 and suppressed TNF-α, IL-1β, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 at 3 d after CCI. Moreover, TREM2 knockout abolished the effects of COG1410 on vascular phenotypes and microglial states. Finally, the neuroprotective effects of COG1410 were suppressed by TREM2 depletion. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we are the first to demonstrate that TREM2 activation by COG1410 alleviated neural damage through activation of Akt/CREB/BDNF signalling axis in microglia after CCI. Finally, COG1410 treatment improved neurological behaviour and brain electrophysiological activity after CCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chengdu Integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China
| | - Yingwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Nina Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaochuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Rd, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Neuro-oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.
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De Chirico F, Poeta E, Babini G, Piccolino I, Monti B, Massenzio F. New models of Parkinson's like neuroinflammation in human microglia clone 3: Activation profiles induced by INF-γ plus high glucose and mitochondrial inhibitors. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1038721. [PMID: 36523814 PMCID: PMC9744797 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1038721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation and neuroinflammation have been extensively studied in murine models of neurodegenerative diseases; however, to overcome the genetic differences between species, a human cell model of microglia able to recapitulate the activation profiles described in patients is needed. Here we developed human models of Parkinson's like neuroinflammation by using the human microglia clone 3 (HMC3) cells, whose activation profile in response to classic inflammatory stimuli has been controversial and reported only at mRNA levels so far. In fact, we showed the increased expression of the pro-inflammatory markers iNOS, Caspase 1, IL-1β, in response to IFN-γ plus high glucose, a non-specific disease stimulus that emphasized the dynamic polarization and heterogenicity of the microglial population. More specifically, we demonstrated the polarization of HMC3 cells through the upregulation of iNOS expression and nitrite production in response to the Parkinson's like stimuli, 6-hydroxidopamine (6-OHDA) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the latter depending on the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, we identified inflammatory mediators that promote the pro-inflammatory activation of human microglia as function of different pathways that can simulate the phenotypic transition according to the stage of the pathology. In conclusion, we established and characterized different systems of HMC3 cells activation as in vitro models of Parkinson's like neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesca Massenzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Quach TT, Stratton HJ, Khanna R, Mackey-Alfonso S, Deems N, Honnorat J, Meyer K, Duchemin AM. Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Dysproteostasis, Altered Calcium Signalosome to Selective Neuronal Vulnerability to AAV-Mediated Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214188. [PMID: 36430666 PMCID: PMC9694178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intense research into the multifaceted etiology of neurodegenerative diseases (ND), they remain incurable. Here we provide a brief overview of several major ND and explore novel therapeutic approaches. Although the cause (s) of ND are not fully understood, the accumulation of misfolded/aggregated proteins in the brain is a common pathological feature. This aggregation may initiate disruption of Ca++ signaling, which is an early pathological event leading to altered dendritic structure, neuronal dysfunction, and cell death. Presently, ND gene therapies remain unidimensional, elusive, and limited to modifying one pathological feature while ignoring others. Considering the complexity of signaling cascades in ND, we discuss emerging therapeutic concepts and suggest that deciphering the molecular mechanisms involved in dendritic pathology may broaden the phenotypic spectrum of ND treatment. An innovative multiplexed gene transfer strategy that employs silencing and/or over-expressing multiple effectors could preserve vulnerable neurons before they are lost. Such therapeutic approaches may extend brain health span and ameliorate burdensome chronic disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tam T. Quach
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69677 Lyon, France
| | | | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Sabrina Mackey-Alfonso
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nicolas Deems
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jérome Honnorat
- INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR5310, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69677 Lyon, France
- French Reference Center on Paraneoplastic Neurological Syndromes and Autoimmune Encephalitis, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Lyon, France
- SynatAc Team, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 69677 Lyon, France
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute of Nationwide Children Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatric, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anne-Marie Duchemin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-614-293-5517; Fax: +1-614-293-7599
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García-Revilla J, Herrera AJ, de Pablos RM, Venero JL. Inflammatory Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:S165-S182. [PMID: 35662128 PMCID: PMC9535574 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that microglia and peripheral immune cells may play determinant roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Consequently, there is a need to take advantage of immune-related models of PD to study the potential contribution of microglia and peripheral immune cells to the degeneration of the nigrostriatal system and help develop potential therapies for PD. In this review, we have summarised the main PD immune models. From a historical perspective, we highlight first the main features of intranigral injections of different pro-inflammogens, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thrombin, neuromelanin, etc. The use of adenoviral vectors to promote microglia-specific overexpression of different molecules in the ventral mesencephalon, including α-synuclein, IL-1β, and TNF, are also presented and briefly discussed. Finally, we summarise different models associated with peripheral inflammation whose contribution to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is now an outstanding question. Illustrative examples included systemic LPS administration and dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Revilla
- Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Herrera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío M. de Pablos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luis Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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The role of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Behav Brain Res 2022; 433:113977. [PMID: 35752274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder marked by cardinal clinical symptoms such as rigor, tremor, and akinesia. Albeit a loss of dopaminergic neurons from the substantia nigra pars compacta is causative for the movement impairments found in patients, molecular reasoning for this loss is still incomplete. In recent years, triggering factor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM2) gained attention in the field of neurodegeneration as it could be associated with different neurodegenerative disorders. Primarily identified as a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease, variants in TREM2 were linked to PD and multiple sclerosis, too. Expressed on phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and microglia, TREM2 puts the focus on inflammation associated conditions in PD and provides a molecular target that could at least partly explain the role of immune cells in PD. Here, we summarize expression patterns and molecular functions of TREM2, recapitulate on its role in inflammation, phagocytosis and cell survival, before turning to neurodegenerative disorders with an emphasis on PD.
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Wong YY, Wu CY, Yu D, Kim E, Wong M, Elez R, Zebarth J, Ouk M, Tan J, Liao J, Haydarian E, Li S, Fang Y, Li P, Pakosh M, Tartaglia MC, Masellis M, Swardfager W. Biofluid markers of blood-brain barrier disruption and neurodegeneration in Lewy body spectrum diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 101:119-128. [PMID: 35760718 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed evidence supports blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in Lewy body spectrum diseases. METHODS We compare biofluid markers in people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and people with PD dementia (PDD) and/or dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), compared with healthy controls (HC). Seven databases were searched up to May 10, 2021. Outcomes included cerebrospinal fluid to blood albumin ratio (Qalb), and concentrations of 7 blood protein markers that also reflect BBB disruption and/or neurodegenerative co-pathology. We further explore differences between PD patients with and without evidence of dementia. Random-effects models were used to obtain standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Of 13,949 unique records, 51 studies were meta-analyzed. Compared to HC, Qalb was higher in PD (NPD/NHC = 224/563; SMD = 0.960 [0.227-1.694], p = 0.010; I2 = 92.2%) and in PDD/DLB (NPDD/DLB/NHC = 265/670; SMD = 1.126 [0.358-1.893], p < 0.001; I2 = 78.2%). Blood neurofilament light chain (NfL) was higher in PD (NPD/NHC = 1848/1130; SMD = 0.747 [0.442-1.052], p < 0.001; I2 = 91.9%) and PDD/DLB (NPDD/DLB/NHC = 183/469; SMD = 1.051 [0.678-1.423], p = 0.004; I2 = 92.7%) than in HC. p-tau 181 (NPD/NHC = 276/164; SMD = 0.698 [0.149-1.247], p = 0.013; I2 = 82.7%) was also higher in PD compared to HC. In exploratory analyses, blood NfL was higher in PD without dementia (NPDND/NHC = 1005/740; SMD = 0.252 [0.042-0.462], p = 0.018; I2 = 71.8%) and higher in PDD (NPDD/NHC = 100/111; SMD = 0.780 [0.347-1.214], p < 0.001; I2 = 46.7%) compared to HC. Qalb (NPDD/NPDND = 63/191; SMD = 0.482 [0.189-0.774], p = 0.010; I2<0.001%) and NfL (NPDD/NPDND = 100/223; SMD = 0.595 [0.346-0.844], p < 0.001; I2 = 3.4%) were higher in PDD than in PD without dementia. CONCLUSIONS Biofluid markers suggest BBB disruption and neurodegenerative co-pathology involvement in common Lewy body diseases. Greater evidence of BBB breakdown was seen in Lewy body disease with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Che-Yuan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Esther Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Wong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Renata Elez
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Zebarth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ouk
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Tan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jiamin Liao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eileen Haydarian
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siming Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yaolu Fang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peihao Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen Pakosh
- Library & Information Services, UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine (Neurology), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Walter Swardfager
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dr. Sandra Black Centre for Brain Resilience and Recovery, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; KITE UHN Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Qin Q, Wan H, Wang D, Li J, Qu Y, Zhao J, Li J, Xue Z. The Association of CSF sTREM2 With Cognitive Decline and Its Dynamic Change in Parkinson's Disease: Analysis of the PPMI Cohort. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:892493. [PMID: 35783125 PMCID: PMC9245456 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.892493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Soluble fragment of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biomarker of microglial activation and increased in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of sTREM2 in Parkinson's diseases (PDs) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether CSF sTREM2 is changed during the pathology of PD and its association with cognitive decline. Methods We recruited 219 de novo patients with PD and 100 healthy controls from Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between cognition and CSF sTREM2 were evaluated using multivariable-adjusted models. To assess the changes in CSF sTREM2 during the pathology of PD, patients were classified through the A/T classification framework with addition of α-synuclein (α-syn), which we implemented based on the CSF amyloid β-peptide 1-42 (A) and phosphorylated tau (T) and α-syn (S). Results The CSF sTREM2 did not differ between healthy controls and patients with PD or between PD clinical subgroups (p > 0.05). However, higher baseline CSF sTREM2 predicted greater global cognitive decline in patients with PD (β = -0.585, p = 0.039). Moreover, after a mean follow-up of 5.51 ± 1.31 years, baseline CSF sTREM2 that elevated in the middle tertile (HR = 2.426, 95% CI: 1.023-5.754, p = 0.044) and highest tertile (HR = 2.833, 95% CI: 1.226-6.547, p = 0.015) were associated with a future high risk of cognitive decline. Additionally, CSF sTREM2 decreased in abnormal Aβ pathology (A+) and α-syn pathology (S+) but normal tau pathology, while increased in abnormal phosphorylated tau (T+) (p < 0.05). Conclusion CSF sTREM2 may be a promising predictor for the cognitive decline in PD rather than a diagnostic biomarker. The dynamic change in CSF sTREM2 in PD may help to the monitor of neuronal injury and microglial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiong Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hengming Wan
- Department of General Family Medicine, Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Danlei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangting Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Xue
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Sengupta U, Kayed R. Amyloid β, Tau, and α-Synuclein aggregates in the pathogenesis, prognosis, and therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases. Prog Neurobiol 2022; 214:102270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dang T, Cao WJ, Zhao R, Lu M, Hu G, Qiao C. ATP13A2 protects dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease: from biology to pathology. J Biomed Res 2022; 36:98-108. [PMID: 35387901 PMCID: PMC9002154 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.36.20220001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a late endosomal/lysosomal transport protein of the P5-type, ATP13A2 is capable of removing the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein, which maintains the homeostasis of metal ions and polyamines in the central nervous system. Furthermore, ATP13A2 regulates the normal function of several organelles such as lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, and maintains the normal physiological activity of neural cells. Especially, ATP13A2 protects dopaminergic (DA) neurons against environmental or genetically induced Parkinson's disease (PD). As we all know, PD is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of DA neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. An increasing number of studies have reported that the loss-of-function of ATP13A2 affects normal physiological processes of various organelles, leading to abnormalities and the death of DA neurons. Previous studies in our laboratory have also shown that ATP13A2 deletion intensifies the neuroinflammatory response induced by astrocytes, thus inducing DA neuronal injury. In addition to elucidating the normal structure and function of ATP13A2, this review summarized the pathological mechanisms of ATP13A2 mutations leading to PD in existing literature studies, deepening the understanding of ATP13A2 in the pathological process of PD and other related neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides inspiration for investigators to explore the essential regulatory role of ATP13A2 in PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Wen-Jing Cao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, Hunan 411100, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Chen Qiao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212001, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Taheri F, Taghizadeh E, Navashenaq JG, Rezaee M, Gheibihayat SM. The role of efferocytosis in neuro-degenerative diseases. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:1593-1603. [PMID: 35059903 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05835-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Efferocytosis has a critical role in maintaining tissues and organs' homeostasis by removing apoptotic cells. It is essential for human health, and disturbances in efferocytosis may result indifferent illnesses. In case of inadequate clearance of the dead cells, the content in the cells would be released. In fact, it induces some damages to the tissue and leads to the prolonged inflammation, so unsuitable phagocytosis of the apoptotic cells is involved in occurrence as well as expansion of numerous human chronic inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown age dependence of the neuro-degenerative diseases, which are largely due to the neuro-inflammation and the loss of neurons and thus cause the brain's functional disorders. Efferocytosis is coupled to anti-inflammatory responses that contribute to the elimination of the dying neurons in neuro-degenerative diseases, so its disruption may make a risk factor in numerous human chronic inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, glioblastoma, and Rett syndrome. This study is a review of the efferocytosis molecular pathways and their role in neuro-degenerative diseases in order to discover a new treatment option to cure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Taheri
- Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Rezaee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibihayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 8915173143, Yazd, Iran.
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Rajendran R, Ragavan RP, Al-Sehemi AG, Uddin MS, Aleya L, Mathew B. Current understandings and perspectives of petroleum hydrocarbons in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: a global concern. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:10928-10949. [PMID: 35000177 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the global prevalence of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative illnesses has risen rapidly. Although the aetiology remains unclear, evidence is mounting that exposure to persistent hydrocarbon pollutants is a substantial risk factor, predisposing a person to neurological diseases later in life. Epidemiological studies correlate environmental hydrocarbon exposure to brain disorders including neuropathies, cognitive, motor and sensory impairments; neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorder (ASD); and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Particulate matter, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and endocrine-disrupting chemicals have all been linked to neurodevelopmental problems in all class of people. There is mounting evidence that supports the prevalence of petroleum hydrocarbon becoming neurotoxic and being involved in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. More study is needed to fully comprehend the scope of these problems in the context of unconventional oil and natural gas. This review summarises in vitro, animal and epidemiological research on the genesis of neurodegenerative disorders, highlighting evidence that supports inexorable role of hazardous hydrocarbon exposure in the pathophysiology of AD and PD. In this review, we offer a summary of the existing evidence gathered through a Medline literature search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the most important epidemiological studies published so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajalakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, Kerala, India
| | - Roshni Pushpa Ragavan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environment, CNRS6249, Universite de Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besancon, France
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, 682 041, India.
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Li XX, Zhang F. Targeting TREM2 for Parkinson's Disease: Where to Go? Front Immunol 2022; 12:795036. [PMID: 35003116 PMCID: PMC8740229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of most common neurodegenerative disorders caused by a combination of environmental and genetic risk factors. Currently, numerous population genetic studies have shown that polymorphisms in myeloid cell-triggered receptor II (TREM2) are associated with a variety of neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, TREM2 has been verified to represent a promising candidate gene for PD susceptibility and progression. For example, the expression of TREM2 was apparently increased in the prefrontal cortex of PD patients. Moreover, the rare missense mutations in TREM2 (rs75932628, p.R47H) was confirmed to be a risk factor of PD. In addition, overexpression of TREM2 reduced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of PD. Due to the complex pathogenesis of PD, there is still no effective drug treatment. Thus, TREM2 has received increasing widespread attention as a potential therapeutic target. This review focused on the variation of TREM2 in PD and roles of TREM2 in PD pathogenesis, such as excessive-immune inflammatory response, α-Synuclein aggregation and oxidative stress, to further provide evidence for new immune-related biomarkers and therapies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xian Li
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Mo M, Tang Y, Wei L, Qiu J, Peng G, Lin Y, Zhou M, Dai W, Zhang Z, Chen X, Liu H, Ding L, Ye P, Wu Y, Zhu X, Wu Z, Guo W, Xu P. Soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 From Cerebrospinal Fluid in Sleep Disorders Related to Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:753210. [PMID: 34658845 PMCID: PMC8511683 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.753210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial receptor exclusively expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). It contributes to abnormal protein aggregation in neurodegenerative disorders, but its role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still unclear. Methods: In this case-control study, we measured the concentration of the soluble fragment of TREM2 (sTREM2) in PD patients, evaluated their sleep conditions by the PD sleep scale (PDSS), and analyzed the relationship between sTREM2 and PD symptoms. Results: We recruited 80 sporadic PD patients and 65 healthy controls without disease-related variants in TREM2. The concentration of sTREM2 in the CSF was significantly higher in PD patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.01). In the PD group, the concentration of sTREM2 had a positive correlation with α-syn in the CSF (Pearson r = 0.248, p = 0.027). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses showed that sTREM2 in the CSF had a significant diagnostic value for PD (AUC, 0.791; 95% CI, 0.711–0.871, p < 0.05). The subgroup analysis showed that PD patients with sleep disorders had a significantly higher concentration of sTREM2 in their CSF (p < 0.01). The concentration of sTREM2 in the CSF had a negative correlation with the PDSS score in PD patients (Pearson r = −0.555, p < 0.01). The ROC analyses showed that sTREM2 in the CSF had a significant diagnostic value for sleep disorders in PD (AUC, 0.733; 95% CI, 0.619–0.846, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CSF sTREM2 may be a potential biomarker for PD and it could help predict sleep disorders in PD patients, but multicenter prospective studies with more participants are still needed to confirm its diagnostic value in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijian Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoyou Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuwan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Dai
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiling Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liuyan Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panghai Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuohua Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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40
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Lun P, Ji T, Wan DH, Liu X, Chen XD, Yu S, Sun P. HOTTIP downregulation reduces neuronal damage and microglial activation in Parkinson's disease cell and mouse models. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:887-897. [PMID: 34472490 PMCID: PMC8530116 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.322475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
HOXA transcript at the distal tip (HOTTIP), a newly identified long noncoding RNA, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal apoptosis. However, its role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear. 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridium (MPP+) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were used to establish PD models in SH-SY5Y and BV2 cells and in C57BL/6 male mice, respectively. In vitro, after HOTTIP knockdown by sh-HOTTIP transfection, HOTTIP and FOXO1 overexpression promoted SH-SY5Y apoptosis, BV2 microglial activation, proinflammatory cytokine expression, and nuclear factor kappa-B and NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 inflammasome activation. Overexpression of miR-615-3p inhibited MPP+-induced neuronal apoptosis and microglial inflammation and ameliorated HOTTIP- and FOXO1-mediated nerve injury and inflammation. In vivo, HOTTIP knockdown alleviated motor dysfunction in PD mice and reduced neuronal apoptosis and microglial activation in the substantia nigra. These findings suggest that inhibition of HOTTIP mitigates neuronal apoptosis and microglial activation in PD models by modulating miR-615-3p/FOXO1. This study was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, China (approval No. UDX-2018-042) in June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tao Ji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Laiyang People's Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, China
| | - De-Hong Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- Emergency Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- Emergency Department, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
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Brendza R, Lin H, Stark K, Foreman O, Tao J, Pierce A, Ngu H, Shen K, Easton AE, Bhangale T, Chang D, Bingol B, Friedman BA. Genetic ablation of Gpnmb does not alter synuclein-related pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105494. [PMID: 34464706 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene GPNMB is known to play roles in phagocytosis and tissue repair, and is upregulated in microglia in many mouse models of neurodegenerative disease as well as in human patients. Nearby genomic variants are associated with both elevated Parkinson's disease (PD) risk and higher expression of this gene, suggesting that inhibiting GPNMB activity might be protective in Parkinson's disease. We tested this hypothesis in three different mouse models of neurological diseases: a remyelination model and two models of alpha-synuclein pathology. We found that Gpnmb deletion had no effect on histological, cellular, behavioral, neurochemical or gene expression phenotypes in any of these models. These data suggest that Gpnmb does not play a major role in the development of pathology or functional defects in these models and that further work is necessary to study its role in the development or progression of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Brendza
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly Stark
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oded Foreman
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet Tao
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Pierce
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hai Ngu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kimberle Shen
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amy E Easton
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tushar Bhangale
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Diana Chang
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Baris Bingol
- Department of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Brad A Friedman
- Department of OMNI Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA.
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42
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Zhu X, Zhang Y, Yang X, Hao C, Duan H. Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disease: Clinical Potential and Directions. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:618171. [PMID: 34194298 PMCID: PMC8236824 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.618171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is complex and diverse. Over the decades, our understanding of NDD has been limited to pathological features. However, recent advances in gene sequencing have facilitated elucidation of NDD at a deeper level. Gene editing techniques have uncovered new genetic links to phenotypes, promoted the development of novel treatment strategies and equipped researchers with further means to construct effective cell and animal models. The current review describes the history of evolution of gene editing tools, with the aim of improving overall understanding of this technology, and focuses on the four most common NDD disorders to demonstrate the potential future applications and research directions of gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Department of Geriatrics, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hubin Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Lvliang People's Hospital, Lvliang, China
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43
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Bigham M, Mohammadipour A, Hosseini M, Malvandi AM, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A. Neuroprotective effects of garlic extract on dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra in a rat model of Parkinson's disease: motor and non-motor outcomes. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:927-937. [PMID: 33656625 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and severe neurodegenerative disorder associated with a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta. The crucial role of oxidative stress and inflammation in PD onset and progression is evident. It has been proven that garlic extract (GE) protects the cells from oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. That is, we aimed to investigate if GE reveals protective features on the preclinical model of PD. The study has been designed to evaluate both preventive (GE administered before 6-OHDA injection) and therapeutic (GE administered after 6-OHDA injection) effects of GE on the animal model. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups including control, lesion, treatment I (received GE before 6-OHDA injection) and treatment II (received GE both before and after 6-OHDA injection). At the end of treatment, hanging, rotarod, open field and passive avoidance tests as well as immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of garlic against PD. Our immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the tyrosine hydroxylase positive cells (TH+) in GE treated groups were significantly higher (p˂0.001) than the lesion group. The motor deficiency significantly improved in hanging, rotarod, open-field and apomorphine-induced rotational tests. We observed an attenuation in memory impairment induced by PD on GE treated group. Therefore, we found that GE protects dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and ameliorates movement disorders and behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bigham
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91779-48564, Azadi Sq, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Mohammadipour
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91779-48564, Azadi Sq, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran.
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 91779-48564, Azadi Sq, Vakilabad Blvd, Mashhad, Iran
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44
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Peng Y, Chu S, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Pang Z, Chen N. Neuroinflammatory In Vitro Cell Culture Models and the Potential Applications for Neurological Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:671734. [PMID: 33967814 PMCID: PMC8103160 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.671734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures are used in pharmaceutical, medical and biological sciences. Due to the ethical and cost limitations of in vivo models, the replaceable cell model that is more closely related to the characteristics of organisms, which has broad prospects and can be used for high-throughput drug screening is urgent. Neuronal and glial cell models have been widely used in the researches of neurological disorders. And the current researches on neuroinflammation contributes to blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage. In this review, we describe the features of healthy and inflamed BBB and summarize the main immortalized cell lines of the central nervous system (PC12, SH-SY5Y, BV2, HA, and HBMEC et al.) and their use in the anti-inflammatory potential of neurological disorders. Especially, different co-culture models of neuroinflammatory, in association with immune cells in both 2D and 3D models are discussed in this review. In summary, 2D co-culture is easily practicable and economical but cannot fully reproduce the microenvironment in vivo. While 3D models called organs-on-chips or biochips are the most recent and very promising approach, which made possible by bioengineering and biotechnological improvements and more accurately mimic the BBB microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yantao Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zongran Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Naihong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Wang XL, Feng ST, Wang YT, Yuan YH, Li ZP, Chen NH, Wang ZZ, Zhang Y. Mitophagy, a Form of Selective Autophagy, Plays an Essential Role in Mitochondrial Dynamics of Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 42:1321-1339. [PMID: 33528716 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and affects millions of people. Currently, mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a central role in the pathogenesis of both sporadic and familial forms of PD. Mitophagy, a process that selectively targets damaged or redundant mitochondria to the lysosome for elimination via the autophagy devices, is crucial in preserving mitochondrial health. So far, aberrant mitophagy has been observed in the postmortem of PD patients and genetic or toxin-induced models of PD. Except for mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy is involved in regulating several other PD-related pathological mechanisms as well, e.g., oxidative stress and calcium imbalance. So far, the mitophagy mechanisms induced by PD-related proteins, PINK1 and Parkin, have been studied widely, and several other PD-associated genes, e.g., DJ-1, LRRK2, and alpha-synuclein, have been discovered to participate in the regulation of mitophagy as well, which further strengthens the link between mitophagy and PD. Thus, in this view, we reviewed mitophagy pathways in belief and discussed the interactions between mitophagy and several PD's pathological mechanisms and how PD-related genes modulate the mitophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Le Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Si-Tong Feng
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Yu-He Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Nai-Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica and Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian-Nong-Tan Street, Xi-Cheng District, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Sunshine Southern Avenue, Fang-Shan District, Beijing, 102488, China.
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46
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Han D, Li Z, Liu T, Yang N, Li Y, He J, Qian M, Kuang Z, Zhang W, Ni C, Guo X. Prebiotics Regulation of Intestinal Microbiota Attenuates Cognitive Dysfunction Induced by Surgery Stimulation in APP/PS1 Mice. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1029-1045. [PMID: 33014520 PMCID: PMC7505279 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the intestinal microbiota could interact with the central nervous system and modulate multiple pathophysiological changes, including the integrity of intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier, as well as neuroinflammatory response. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiological process of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Six-month-old APP/PS1 mice were subjected to partial hepatectomy to establish surgery model and exhibited cognitive dysfunction. The expressions of inflammatory mediators increased and tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) levels decreased in the intestine and hippocampus. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing showed altered β diversity and intestinal microbiota richness after surgery, including genus Rodentibacter, Bacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_014 and Faecalibaculum, as well as family Eggerthellaceae and Muribaculaceae. Furthermore, prebiotics (Xylooligosaccharides, XOS) intervention effectively attenuated surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction and intestinal microbiota alteration, reduced inflammatory responses, and improved the integrity of tight junction barrier in the intestine and hippocampus. In summary, the present study indicates that intestinal microbiota alteration, the related intestinal barrier and blood-brain barrier damage, and inflammatory responses participate the pathophysiological process of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Prebiotics intervention could be a potential preventative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyang Han
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqian Li
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Liu
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jindan He
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Qian
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongshen Kuang
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- 2National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Guo
- 1Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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47
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Donnelly KM, DeLorenzo OR, Zaya ADA, Pisano GE, Thu WM, Luo L, Kopito RR, Panning Pearce MM. Phagocytic glia are obligatory intermediates in transmission of mutant huntingtin aggregates across neuronal synapses. eLife 2020; 9:e58499. [PMID: 32463364 PMCID: PMC7297539 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that pathogenic protein aggregates associated with neurodegenerative diseases spread from cell to cell through the brain in a manner akin to infectious prions. Here, we show that mutant huntingtin (mHtt) aggregates associated with Huntington disease transfer anterogradely from presynaptic to postsynaptic neurons in the adult Drosophila olfactory system. Trans-synaptic transmission of mHtt aggregates is inversely correlated with neuronal activity and blocked by inhibiting caspases in presynaptic neurons, implicating synaptic dysfunction and cell death in aggregate spreading. Remarkably, mHtt aggregate transmission across synapses requires the glial scavenger receptor Draper and involves a transient visit to the glial cytoplasm, indicating that phagocytic glia act as obligatory intermediates in aggregate spreading between synaptically-connected neurons. These findings expand our understanding of phagocytic glia as double-edged players in neurodegeneration-by clearing neurotoxic protein aggregates, but also providing an opportunity for prion-like seeds to evade phagolysosomal degradation and propagate further in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby M Donnelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the SciencesPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Olivia R DeLorenzo
- Program in Neuroscience, University of the SciencesPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Aprem DA Zaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the SciencesPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Gabrielle E Pisano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the SciencesPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Wint M Thu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the SciencesPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Ron R Kopito
- Department of Biology, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Margaret M Panning Pearce
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the SciencesPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Program in Neuroscience, University of the SciencesPhiladelphiaUnited States
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Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa J, Erro ME, Vicuña-Urriza J, Zelaya MV, Tellechea P, Acha B, Zueco S, Urdánoz-Casado A, Roldán M, Blanco-Luquin I, Mendioroz M. Microglia-Related Gene Triggering Receptor Expressed in Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2) Is Upregulated in the Substantia Nigra of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Mov Disord 2020; 35:885-890. [PMID: 32031293 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the microglia-related gene triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in primary tauopathies, such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), still remains unclear. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to profile overall and transcript-specific TREM2 expression levels in the substantia nigra (SN) of PSP patients and controls. METHODS SN samples from neuropathologically confirmed PSP cases (n = 24) and controls (n = 14) were used to measure TREM2 and TREM2-modulating gene Membrane-spanning 4-domains subfamily A member 4A (MS4A4A) mRNA levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Correlation with hyperphosphorylated tau protein burden was assessed. RESULTS Overall TREM2 and each of the 3 TREM2 transcripts mRNA levels were significantly increased in the SN of PSP cases versus controls. TREM2 mRNA levels positively correlated with hyperphosphorylated tau burden in SN, specifically in neurons. The MS4A4A gene was also upregulated in PSP patients versus controls. CONCLUSIONS These results add evidence to the involvement of microglia in the disease process of PSP. These findings support the idea that different tauopathies may share common patterns of deregulation in innate immune molecular pathways. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Sánchez-Ruiz de Gordoa
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - María Elena Erro
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Janire Vicuña-Urriza
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Paula Tellechea
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Blanca Acha
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Sara Zueco
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Amaya Urdánoz-Casado
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Miren Roldán
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Idoia Blanco-Luquin
- Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Maite Mendioroz
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.,Neuroepigenetics Laboratory-Navarrabiomed, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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49
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Peng G, Qiu J, Liu H, Zhou M, Huang S, Guo W, Lin Y, Chen X, Li Z, Li G, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li X, Wu Z, Wei L, Yang X, Zhu X, Mo M, Xu P. Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Soluble TREM2 and Polymorphisms in Sporadic Parkinson's Disease in a Chinese Population. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:294-301. [PMID: 31833018 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a microglial surface receptor that mediates the degradation disorder of amyloid β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease. However, the role of TREM2 in Parkinson's disease (PD) and α-Synclein (α-Syn) degradation is largely unknown. METHODS In this case-control study on Chinese population, we sequenced for polymorphisms in exon 2 of the TREM2 gene in 1,292 individuals, PD cases (n = 612), healthy controls (n = 680) by Sanger sequence, and compared the distribution of allelic frequencies between the two groups by the Fisher's exact test. Additionally, we developed and used the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluated soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and plasma in partial of sequenced groups (55 PD and 40 healthy controls) analyzed their relationship with total a-syn (t-a-Syn). RESULTS Two novel variants were detected in exon 2 of the TREM2 gene, namely, p.S81 N, p.G58D; however, these were not significantly associated with PD (612 PD and 680 healthy controls). sTREM2 in CSF was significantly upregulated in PD patients compared to healthy controls (433.1 ± 24.7 pg/mL vs. 275.2 ± 17.9 pg/mL, p < 0.0001), but not in plasma (281.7 ± 29.3 pg/mL vs. 257.8 ± 16.5 pg/mL, p = 0.805). In PD patients, sTREM2 was positively correlated with t-α-syn (r = 0.62, p = 0.0001) in CSF, but not in plasma (r = 0.02, p = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS Although it may not indicate that exon 2 polymorphisms of TREM2 play a role in the pathogenesis of PD in the Chinese population, our findings described above highlight the relevance of CSF sTREM2 as a promising biomarker and are extremely possible to the therapeutic target for PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jiewen Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Hanqun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Shuxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yuwan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.,Neuroscience Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xingjian Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhuohua Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xinling Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China. .,Neuroscience Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Mingshu Mo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China. .,Neuroscience Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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50
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Angelova DM, Brown DR. Microglia and the aging brain: are senescent microglia the key to neurodegeneration? J Neurochem 2019; 151:676-688. [PMID: 31478208 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single largest risk factor for etiology of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease is increased age. Therefore, understanding the changes that occur as a result of aging is central to any possible prevention or cure for such conditions. Microglia, the resident brain glial population most associated with both protection of neurons in health and their destruction is disease, could be a significant player in age related changes. Microglia can adopt an aberrant phenotype sometimes referred to either as dystrophic or senescent. While aged microglia have been frequently identified in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, there is no conclusive evidence that proves a causal role. This has been hampered by a lack of models of aged microglia. We have recently generated a model of senescent microglia based on the observation that all dystrophic microglia show iron overload. Iron-overloading cultured microglia causes them to take on a senescent phenotype and can cause changes in models of neurodegeneration similar to those observed in patients. This review considers how this model could be used to determine the role of senescent microglia in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafina M Angelova
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - David R Brown
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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