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Juarez-Vignon Whaley JJ, Afkhami M, Onyshchenko M, Massarelli E, Sampath S, Amini A, Bell D, Villaflor VM. Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment from Present to Future: Where Are We and Where Are We Heading? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1138-1166. [PMID: 37318724 PMCID: PMC10477128 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct in its anatomic location and biology from other epithelial head and neck cancer (HNC). There are 3 WHO subtypes, which considers the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and other histopathology features. Despite the survival benefit obtained from modern treatment modalities and techniques specifically in the local and locally advanced setting, a number of patients with this disease will recur and subsequently die of distant metastasis, locoregional relapse, or both. In the recurrent setting, the ideal therapy approach continues to be a topic of discussion and current recommendations are platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Phase III clinical trials which led to the approval of pembrolizumab or nivolumab for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specifically excluded NPC. No immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, to date, has been approved by the FDA to treat NPC although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommendations do include use of these agents. Hence, this remains the major challenge for treatment options. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is challenging as it is really 3 different diseases, and much research is required to determine best options and sequencing of those options. This article is going to address the data to date and discuss ongoing research in EBV + and EBV - inoperable recurrent/metastatic NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Juarez-Vignon Whaley
- Health Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, State of Mexico, Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico
| | - Michelle Afkhami
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mykola Onyshchenko
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sagus Sampath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arya Amini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Victoria M Villaflor
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Yang J, Yang Y, Wei Y, Wei X. A small-molecule pan-HER inhibitor alone or in combination with cisplatin exerts efficacy against nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Front Med 2023; 17:275-289. [PMID: 36645632 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-022-0945-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal activation of HER family kinase activity is closely related to the development of human malignancies. In this study, we used HER kinases as targets for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explored the anti-tumor effects of the novel pan-HER inhibitor HM781-36B, alone or in combination with cisplatin. We found that HER family proteins were positively expressed in tumor tissues of some NPC patients, and the high levels of those proteins were significantly related to poor prognosis. HM781-36B inhibited NPC in vitro and in vivo. HM781-36B exerted synergistic effects with cisplatin on inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of NPC cells. In NPC xenograft models in nude mice, HM781-36B and cisplatin synergistically inhibited tumor growth. Downregulating the activity of HER family proteins and their downstream signaling pathways and regulating tumor microenvironment may explain the synergistic anti-tumor effects of HM781-36B and cisplatin. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for HER family proteins as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for NPC. The pan-HER inhibitor HM781-36B alone or in combination with cisplatin represents promising therapeutic effects for the treatment of NPC patients, which provides a new idea for the comprehensive treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Medical Oncology Unit, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yanfei Yang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Downregulated miR-150-5p in the Tissue of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:2485055. [PMID: 36118276 PMCID: PMC9467814 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2485055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical significance and potential targets of miR-150-5p have not been elucidated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The pooled analysis based on 539 NPC samples and 75 non-NPC nasopharyngeal samples demonstrated that the expression of miR-150-5p was down-regulated in NPC, with the area under the curve being 0.89 and the standardized mean difference being -0.66. Subsequently, we further screened the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 14 datasets, including 312 NPC samples and 70 non-NPC nasopharyngeal samples. After the DEGs were narrowed down with the predicted targets from the miRWalk database, 1316 prospective target genes of miR-150-5p were identified. The enrichment analysis suggested that "pathways in cancer" was the most significant pathway. Finally, six hub genes of "pathways in cancer", including EGFR, TP53, HRAS, CCND1, CDH1, and FGF2, were screened out through the STRING database. In conclusion, the down-regulation of miR-150-5p modulates the tumorigenesis and progression of NPC.
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Takeshita N, Enokida T, Okano S, Fujisawa T, Wada A, Sato M, Tanaka H, Tanaka N, Motegi A, Zenda S, Akimoto T, Tahara M. Induction chemotherapy with paclitaxel, carboplatin and cetuximab for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A single-center, retrospective study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951387. [PMID: 36033502 PMCID: PMC9402945 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The addition of induction chemotherapy (IC) before chemoradiotherapy (CRT) has improved survival over CRT alone in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer (LA-NPC). Nevertheless, this population would benefit from further development of a novel IC regimen with satisfactory efficacy and a more favorable safety profile. Methods We retrospectively assessed 29 LA-NPC patients who received the combination of paclitaxel (PTX), carboplatin (CBDCA), and cetuximab (Cmab) (PCE) as IC (IC-PCE) at the National Cancer Center Hospital East between March 2017 and April 2021. IC-PCE consisted of CBDCA area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) = 1.5, PTX 80 mg/m2, and Cmab with an initial dose of 400 mg/m2 followed by 250 mg/m2 administered weekly for a maximum of eight weeks. Results Patient characteristics were as follows: median age, 59 years (range 24–75); 0, 1 performance status (PS), 25, 4 patients; and clinical stage III/IVA/IVB, 6/10/13. The median number of PCE cycles was 8(1-8). After IC-PCE, 26 patients received concurrent cisplatin and radiotherapy (CDDP-RT), one received concurrent carboplatin/5-fluorouracil and radiotherapy (CBDCA/5-FU-RT), and two received RT alone. The % completion of CDDP-RT was 88.5%. The response rate was 75.9% by IC and 100% at completion of CRT. The 3-year recurrence-free survival, locoregional failure-free survival, distant recurrence-free survival, and overall survival were 75.9%, 79.3%, 84.3%, and 96.3%, respectively. The incidence of adverse events of grade 3/4 was 34.5% during IC and 44.8% during CRT. Conclusion IC-PCE is feasible and effective for LA-NPC and may be a treatment option for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiro Takeshita
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Enokida
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Susumu Okano
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Takao Fujisawa
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Akihisa Wada
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Masanobu Sato
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Tanaka
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Motegi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Sadamoto Zenda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Akimoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Makoto Tahara
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Makoto Tahara,
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Hong X, Wang G, Xu G, Shi W, Wang T, Rong Z, Mo C. Prognostic value of EGFR and p-EGFR in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28507. [PMID: 35060503 PMCID: PMC8772636 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the prognostic effect and clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor and its phosphorlated form (EGFR/p-EGFR) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was designed. We visited PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Database of Chinese sci-tech periodicals, WanFang Database, and China Biology Medicine disc to search for Chinese and English publications of prospective studies and retrospective studies investigating the association of EGFR/p-EGFR and nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis from inception to April 2021. The inclusion criteria were that the samples should be pathologically confirmed as nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the expression of EGFR/p-EGFR should be detected via immunohistochemistry; the study should analyze the prognostic significance of EGFR/p-EGFR in nasopharyngeal carcinoma; hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) should be reported in the study or could be derived from survival curves; and the outcomes of the study should include overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). RESULTS A total of 18 studies evaluating 1451 samples were included. For studies that reported OS as an outcome, EGFR overexpression indicated worse OS of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients. The heterogeneity between studies was high (I2 = 91%, P < .01), and a random-effect model was used to combine the effect size (HR = 1.71, 95% CI [1.21, 2.41], P < .01). Further sensitivity analysis and prespecified subgroup analysis were performed to detect the source of heterogeneity, and the results showed that the heterogeneity could not be eliminated. Publication bias assessed by funnel plots and Begg test and Egger test was low (Begg test: P = .846 and Egger test: P = .074). p-EGFR was not correlated with the OS of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (HR = 1.01, 95% CI [0.88, 1.15], P = .92). For studies that reported DFS, EGFR overexpression was associated with worse DFS in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HR = 2.53, 95% CI [1.84, 3.47], P < .01). For studies that reported PFS, EGFR overexpression was not correlated with the PFS of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients (HR = 1.86, 95% CI [0.90, 3.82], P = .09). For studies that reported DMFS, EGFR overexpression was not correlated with the DMFS of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, and high heterogeneity between studies was detected (I2 = 97%, P < .01). A random-effect model was used to combine the effect size (HR = 1.80, 95% CI [0.56, 5.76], P = .32). A sensitivity analysis was conducted. Publication bias was detected to be low (Begg test: P = .817 and Egger test: P = .954). There was no correlation between p-EGFR overexpression and DMFS in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (HR = 1.20, 95% CI [0.95, 1.52], P = .12). CONCLUSION In nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, EGFR overexpression could be used as a biomarker that predicts poor OS and DFS, but not a prognostic biomarker for PFS and DMFS. The overexpression of p-EGFR was not shown to be associated with the prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and could not be used as a prognostic biomarker. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was registered on the International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (INPLASY), and reported as stated by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Neither ethical approval nor informed consent was required since this study was conducted based on previous publications. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER INPLASY 202150010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Hong
- Guangxi University of Chinese medicine, NanNing Guangxi, China
| | - Guangyao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Guanglan Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Wei Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Tongbiao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning Guangxi, China
| | - Zhen Rong
- Bao’an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong, China
| | - Chunmei Mo
- Bao’an Authentic TCM Therapy Hospital, Shenzhen Guangdong, China
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6
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Chen X, Liang R, Lai L, Chen K, Zhu X. Prognostic Role of EGFR/p-EGFR in Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697369. [PMID: 34490092 PMCID: PMC8417403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/phosphorylated EGFR (p-EGFR) expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remains controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate prognostic significance of EGFR/p-EGFR expression in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Literatures published before November 2020 were systematically searched in relevant databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wan fang databases. STATA 13 statistical software was used to analyze the pooled hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity of the studies was examined by I2. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. The potential publication bias was assessed using both Egger's and Begg's tests. Results A total of 20 literatures with 1545 patients were included for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis results suggested that high expression of EGFR was significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.24-3.15, P = 0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.87-3.56, P = 0.000). However, it was not significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS) (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 0.90-3.82, P = 0.09) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 0.73-2.67, P = 0.319). The subgroup analysis indicated that patients with EGFR high expression in studies of higher TNM stage (III-IV) ratio had significantly poor OS (HR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.09-4.73, P = 0.03), but heterogeneity existed in studies (I2 = 95.1%, P = 0.000). Sensitivity analyses revealed that EGFR expression did not significantly affect OS by an individual study solely, indicating there was inherent heterogeneity in OS cohorts. There was no significant heterogeneity among eight studies in the DFS cohorts (I2 = 0%, P = 0.606). There was significant heterogeneity between EGFR expression and DMFS (I2 = 82.8%, P = 0.000). Sub-group analysis in differentiated carcinoma demonstrated a smaller heterogeneity (I2 = 33.2%). In addition, p-EGFR high expression had no significant correlation with OS (HR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.88-1.14, P = 0.982) and DMFS (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 0.96-1.52, P = 0.112). The heterogeneity among p-EGFR and OS studies was small (I2 = 21%, P = 0.26). There was no significant heterogeneity in the DMFS cohorts (I2 = 0%, P = 0.497). Conclusion EGFR high-expression was significantly associated with poor OS and DFS, which may serve as a prognostic predictor for nasopharyngeal cancer. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO], identifier [number CRD42021258457].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, China
| | - Renba Liang
- Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Lai
- Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kaihua Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Wuming Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangxi Medical University Cancer Hospital, Nanning, China
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Yang JH, Sun XS, Xiao BB, Liu LT, Guo SS, Liang JD, Jia GD, Tang LQ, Chen QY, Mai HQ. Subdivision of de-novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on tumor burden and pretreatment EBV DNA for therapeutic guidance of locoregional radiotherapy. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:534. [PMID: 33975558 PMCID: PMC8111972 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy predominantly associated with infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Approximately 12,900 new cases of NPC occur each year, with more than 70% of cases occurring in the east and southeast Asia. NPC is different from ordinary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma due to its particular biological properties and it is highly sensitive to radiotherapy. With the development of RT technology, the 3-year local control rate and survival rates of non-metastatic NPC reached 80-90% in the intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) era. However, whether distant metastatic NPC (de novo mNPC, dmNPC) should receive locoregional RT (LRRT) needs to be clarified. RESULTS Multivariate analysis identified three independent prognostic factors: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA, number of metastatic lesions, and number of metastatic organs. Through these factors, all patients were successfully divided into 3 subgroups: low-risk (single metastatic organ, EBV DNA ≤ 25,000 copies/ml, and ≤ 5 metastatic lesions), intermediate-risk (single metastatic organ, EBV DNA > 25,000 copies/ml, and ≤ 5 metastatic lesions), and high-risk (multiple metastatic organs or > 5 metastatic lesions or both). By comparing LRRT and non-LRRT groups, statistical differences were found in OS in the low-risk and intermediate-risk subgroups (p = 0.039 and p = 0.010, respectively) but no significant difference was found in OS in the high-risk subgroup (p = 0.076). Further multivariate analysis of different risk stratifications revealed that LRRT can improve OS of low- and intermediate-risk subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The risk stratification of dmNPC may be used as a new prognostic factor to help clinicians organize individualized LRRT treatment to improve the survival outcomes of dmNPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hao Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Song Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Bei Xiao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ting Liu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Dong Liang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Guo-Dong Jia
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Quan Tang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China.
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Ueda Y, Enokida T, Okano S, Fujisawa T, Ito K, Tahara M. Combination Treatment With Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, and Cetuximab (PCE) as First-Line Treatment in Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:571304. [PMID: 33117701 PMCID: PMC7575747 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.571304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Platinum-containing doublet chemotherapy regimens are generally considered the standard first-line systemic therapy for recurrent or metastatic (R/M) nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Gemcitabine (GEM) plus cisplatin (CDDP) has become a standard therapy based on a phase 3 study in several countries, yet this regimen sometimes affects quality of life due to nausea or appetite loss. Here, we present the manageable toxicity and promising activity of paclitaxel + carboplatin + cetuximab (PCE) therapy for R/M NPC. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of patients with R/M NPC who were treated with PCE from 2013 to 2019 at the National Cancer Center East, Kashiwa, Japan. PCE consisted of PTX 100 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8; CBDCA area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) 2.5 on days 1 and 8, repeated every 3 weeks; and cetuximab at an initial dose of 400 mg/m2, followed by 250 mg/m2 weekly, as reported in the paper. Results: Fourteen patients were identified, consisting of 10 males and 4 females with a median age 59.6 years (range, 43-74). Among the 12 of 14 patients assessed for efficacy, overall response rate was 58.3%, with 2 complete responses and 5 partial responses. On median follow-up of 23.8 months, median overall survival was not reached with observed death events of 2. Median PFS was 4.1 months (95% CI, 2.6-5.6 months). Two patients experienced disease progression during cetuximab maintenance and restarted PCE treatment, then achieved partial response again. The most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events were neutropenia (21.4%) and skin reaction (14.3%). No treatment-related death was observed. Conclusion: Although the number of study population was small, our results suggest that PCE is feasible and potentially effective for R/M NPC, with a 58.3% response rate and 4.1-month PFS. Further prospective evaluation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Makoto Tahara
- Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
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Zhu Y, Yang S, Zhou S, Yang J, Qin Y, Gui L, Shi Y, He X. Nimotuzumab plus platinum-based chemotherapy versus platinum-based chemotherapy alone in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920953738. [PMID: 32973932 PMCID: PMC7498835 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920953738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Palliative chemotherapy has been the mainstay treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (R/M-NPC). However, little is known about the efficacy and toxicity of nimotuzumab (NTZ) - a monoclonal antibody drug targeting epidermal growth factor receptor - plus chemotherapy (CT) versus CT alone for these patients. Methods The database at Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences was queried for patients diagnosed with NPC who received CT with or without NTZ between 2004 and 2018. Treatment compliance, survival outcomes, and adverse effects were compared among these groups. Results Records of 70 patients with R/M-NPC were reviewed: 21 (30%) received NTZ plus CT (NTZ+CT) and 49 (70%) received CT. CT regimens included gemcitabine plus platinum, taxane plus platinum (TP), and fluorouracil plus platinum. Comparing the CT group with NTZ+CT group, the median follow up was 62 months (range = 3-133) versus 59 months (range = 9-117); median progression free survival was 7.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 6.552-8.381] months versus 8.5 (95% CI 6.091-10.976) months, p = 0.424; median overall survival (OS) was 25.6 (95% CI 18.888-32.379) months versus 48.6 (95% CI 35.619-61.581) months, p = 0.017, respectively. Multivariable analysis established treatment group (CT versus NTZ+CT) as an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio, 0.5; 95% CI 0.255-0.979; p = 0.043). No significant difference with regard to toxicities was observed between the two groups. Among them, a subgroup analysis was performed in 53 (75.7%) patients who received TP with or without NTZ, which showed similar results. Conclusion Our findings suggested that NTZ+CT provides a novel treatment option and prolongs survival significantly for R/M-NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshu Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Shengyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jianliang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiaohui He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study on Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
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10
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Sun XS, Liang YJ, Li XY, Liu SL, Chen QY, Tang LQ, Mai HQ. Palliative chemotherapy with or without anti-EGFR therapy for de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a propensity score-matching study. Drug Des Devel Ther 2019; 13:3207-3216. [PMID: 31686783 PMCID: PMC6751225 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s215190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab (CTX) or nimotuzumab (NTZ) on the addition of palliative chemotherapy (PCT) in patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and methods From 2007 to 2016, 451 eligible patients with de novo metastatic NPC were enrolled in the study. With propensity score matching technique, we created a well-balanced cohort by matching patients who received CTX/NTZ plus PCT (62 patients) with those receiving PCT alone (248 patients) in a ratio of 1:4. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). All potential prognostic factors were involved in the multivariate analysis with the Cox regression hazards model. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the survival status, and log-rank test to measure the significance. Results The median follow-up time was 27.7 months (range, 1-126 months). No significant difference in survival was observed between the CTX/NTZ plus PCT group and PCT group. (3-year OS: 63.0% vs 58.1%; P=0.485). The administration of CTX/NTZ was not found to be an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis. With regard to toxicity, the development of a G3-4 skin reaction and mucositis was more common in patients receiving CTX plus PCT. Interaction effects analysis did not show any significant interaction effects on OS between the treatment regimen and prognostic factors (P>0.05). Conclusion The efficacy of CTX/NTZ and PCT is comparable to single PCT treatment in terms of survival outcomes among de novo metastatic NPC patients. Moreover, the application of CTX exacerbated skin reactions and mucositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Sun
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jing Liang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yun Li
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai-Lan Liu
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Yan Chen
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Quan Tang
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Lang J, Hu C, Lu T, Pan J, Lin T. Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: evidence from current practice and future perspectives. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6365-6376. [PMID: 31372041 PMCID: PMC6628961 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s197544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare type of head and neck cancer, with a higher incidence reported only in Southeast Asia and Northern Africa. Owing to the rarity of NPC occurrence, no internationally accepted consensus or guideline for its diagnosis and treatment is available. Based on the current evidences and practices, the Chinese experts on multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of NPC were designated to develop a national consensus for the treatment strategy of NPC. In this consensus, we report the development for improving the treatment efficacy and quality of life of NPC patients in China. The consensus also describes and recommends the role of multidisciplinary management approach in the management of NPC. A multidisciplinary team should include experts from different domains who can cater to the individualized needs of patients with NPC in a much more efficient manner. In addition, the team may also play a key role in developing guiding principles for future research, contributing to the improvement in the management of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaosu Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Taixiang Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianji Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyu Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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12
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Wang F, Jiang C, Ye Z, Liu T, Sun Q, Yan F, Qin W, Fu Z, Jiang Y. Treatment Outcomes of 257 Patients with Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated with Nimotuzumab Plus Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy with or without Chemotherapy: A Single-Institution Experience. Transl Oncol 2017; 11:65-73. [PMID: 29202278 PMCID: PMC5723380 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To report the long-term outcome and toxicity of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA NPC) treated with nimotuzumab (h-R3) plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with or without chemotherapy. METHODS: From May 2008 to March 2014, 3022 newly histology-proven, nonmetastatic NPC patients were retrospectively reviewed; among them, 257 patients treated with h-R3 were enrolled in this study. The patients' age range was between 10 and 76 years. The distribution of patients by disease stage was 150 (58.4%) in stage III, 88 (34.2%) in stage IV A, and 19 (7.4%) in stage IV B. All the patients received the treatment of h-R3 plus IMRT, and from them, 239 cases were also treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Acute and late radiation-related toxicities were graded according to the Acute and Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. The accumulated survival was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to compare the survival difference. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox's proportional-hazard model. RESULTS: All 257 patients had completed combined treatment; 231 patients received h-R3 plus IMRT with induction chemotherapy (IC), while 26 patients received only h-R3 plus IMRT. With a median follow-up of 48 months (range, 13-75 months), the estimated 5-year local recurrence-free survival, regional recurrence-free survival, distant metastases-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS) rates were 94.3%, 94.8%, 91.9%, 83.4%, and 86.2%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age, T stage, clinical stage, and IC were related with OS. Multivariate analysis indicated that T stage and IC were independent prognostic factors for OS. The incidence of grade 3 to 4 acute mucositis and leukocytopenia was 10.9% and 19.8%, respectively, with no cases of skin rash and infusion reaction. Xerostomia was the most common late complication, and the degree of dry mouth in most survivors was mild to moderate at the last follow-up time. CONCLUSION: h-R3 plus IMRT with or without chemotherapy showed promising outcomes in terms of locoregional control and survival without increasing the incidence of radiation-related toxicities for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzheng Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022.
| | - Chuner Jiang
- Department of Breast Tumor Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022
| | - Zhimin Ye
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022
| | - Quanquan Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022
| | - Fengqin Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022
| | - Weifeng Qin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022
| | - Zhenfu Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310022
| | - Yangming Jiang
- Department of Digital Earth, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of, China.
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13
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Fangzheng W, Chuner J, Zhiming Y, Tongxin L, Fengqin Y, Lei W, Bin L, Fujun H, Ming C, Weifeng Q, Zhenfu F. Long-Term Use of Nimotuzumab in Combination With Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Experience of a Single Institution. Oncol Res 2017; 26:277-287. [PMID: 29046165 PMCID: PMC7844634 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15079846743590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this retrospective review of a single institution's experience, the efficacy and safety of the long-term use of nimotuzumab in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were studied. Between August 2008 and March 2014, 39 newly diagnosed patients with stages III-IV NPC were treated with IMRT, chemotherapy, and nimotuzumab. Twenty patients were diagnosed with stage III (51.3%), 14 with stage IVA (35.9%), and 5 with stage IVB (12.8%) disease. All patients received at least one cycle of cisplatin-based induction chemotherapy followed by IMRT and more than nine cycles of nimotuzumab at 200 mg/week. Acute and late radiation-related toxicities were graded according to the Acute and Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Accumulated survival was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to compare survival differences. With a median follow-up of 46 months (range, 22-86 months), the estimated 3-year local recurrence-free, regional recurrence-free, distant metastasis-free, progression failure-free, and overall survival rates were 92.1%, 89.7%, 82.5%, 77.6%, and 86.8%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that clinical stage and the cycle of induction chemotherapy were related with prognosis. The median cycle for the addition of nimotuzumab was 12 weeks. Grade 3 radiation-induced mucositis was observed in 15.8% of the treated patients. No skin rash or infusion reaction was observed, which is distinctly different from what was reported in patients treated with nimotuzumab. The major toxicities observed were grades I-II mucositis and leukocytopenia. Long-term use of nimotuzumab plus IMRT showed promising outcomes in terms of locoregional control and survival, without increasing the incidence of radiation-related toxicities in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Fangzheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Chuner
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhiming
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liu Tongxin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fengqin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wang Lei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Li Bin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hu Fujun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chen Ming
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qin Weifeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fu Zhenfu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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14
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Ye M, Huang W, Wu WW, Liu Y, Ye SN, Xu JH. FM807, a curcumin analogue, shows potent antitumor effects in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by heat shock protein 90 inhibition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15364-15376. [PMID: 28157708 PMCID: PMC5362491 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial malignancy usually associated with overexpression of both epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and β-catenin. FM807 is a novel curcumin analogue with antitumor activity against both poorly and well-differentiated NPC cell lines as well as good selectivity for tumor cells. FM807 actions were shown to include inhibition of cell growth, induction of necrotic/late apoptotic cell death, and G1 arrest in NPC cells. Crucially, it exhibited potent antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo. Binding of FM807 to the N-terminus of Hsp90 disrupted Hsp90/client complexes, resulting in degradation of the Hsp90 client protein EGFR and inhibition of the downstream Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathway. FM807 also depleted levels of the intranuclear transcription factors β-catenin, Cyclin D1 and c-Myc levels by inhibiting Hsp90 chaperoned nuclear transport. In conjunction with its low toxicity in NPC xenograft mice, these results provide a sound preclinical basis for further development of FM807 as a novel therapeutic agent in the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.,Fuijan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Wen-Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350004, China.,Fuijan Provincial Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fuzhou 350004, China
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15
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Palliative systemic therapy for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma – How far have we achieved? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 114:13-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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16
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Li Z, An L, Li H, Wang S, Zhou Y, Yuan F, Li L. Identifying novel genes and chemicals related to nasopharyngeal cancer in a heterogeneous network. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25515. [PMID: 27149165 PMCID: PMC4857740 DOI: 10.1038/srep25515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal cancer or nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cancer originating in the nasopharynx. The factors that induce nasopharyngeal cancer are still not clear. Additional information about the chemicals or genes related to nasopharyngeal cancer will promote a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this cancer and the factors that induce it. Thus, a computational method NPC-RGCP was proposed in this study to identify the possible relevant chemicals and genes based on the presently known chemicals and genes related to nasopharyngeal cancer. To extensively utilize the functional associations between proteins and chemicals, a heterogeneous network was constructed based on interactions of proteins and chemicals. The NPC-RGCP included two stages: the searching stage and the screening stage. The former stage is for finding new possible genes and chemicals in the heterogeneous network, while the latter stage is for screening and removing false discoveries and selecting the core genes and chemicals. As a result, five putative genes, CXCR3, IRF1, CDK1, GSTP1, and CDH2, and seven putative chemicals, iron, propionic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, isopropanol, erythrose 4-phosphate, β-D-Fructose 6-phosphate, and flavin adenine dinucleotide, were identified by NPC-RGCP. Extensive analyses provided confirmation that the putative genes and chemicals have significant associations with nasopharyngeal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Lifeng An
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head &Neck, China-Japan Union Hospital attached to Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - ShaoPeng Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - You Zhou
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences &Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences &Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head &Neck, China-Japan Union Hospital attached to Jilin University, Changchun, China
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17
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Zhai RP, Ying HM, Kong FF, Du CR, Huang S, Zhou JJ, Hu CS. Experience with combination of nimotuzumab and intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3383-90. [PMID: 26604795 PMCID: PMC4655961 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s93238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using nimotuzumab in combination with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the primary treatment of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Between December 2009 and December 2013, 38 newly diagnosed patients with stage III–IV nasopharyngeal carcinoma were treated with IMRT and nimotuzumab concomitantly. The distribution of disease was stage III in 20 (52.6%), stage IV A in 9 (23.7%), and stage IV B in 9 (23.7%). All the patients received at least two cycles of cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by nimotuzumab 200 mg/week concurrently with IMRT. Acute and late radiation-related toxicities were graded according to the Acute and Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Results With a median follow-up of 39.7 months (range, 13.3–66.5 months), the estimated 3-year local recurrence-free survival, regional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, progression failure-free survival, and overall survival rates were 92.8%, 92.9%, 89.5%, 78.7%, and 87.5%, respectively. The median cycle for nimotuzumab addition was 6 weeks. Grade 3 radiation-induced mucositis accounted for 36.8% of treated people. No skin rash and infusion reaction were observed, distinctly from what is reported in cetuximab-treated patients. Conclusion Nimotuzumab plus IMRT showed promising outcomes in terms of locoregional control and survival, without increasing the incidence of radiation-related toxicities for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ping Zhai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Ying
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fang Kong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Run Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Su Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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18
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Ooft ML, Braunius WW, Heus P, Stegeman I, van Diest PJ, Grolman W, Zuur CI, Willems SM. Prognostic significance of the EGFR pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biomark Med 2015; 9:997-1010. [PMID: 26441207 DOI: 10.2217/bmm.15.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prognostic impact of the EGF receptor (EGFR) pathway molecules and assess their clinical usefulness. METHODS We conducted a systematic review. Pubmed and EMBASE were searched January 2014. The prognostic relevance of EGFR, JAK, PI3K, PIK3CA, STAT3, STAT5, PTEN, AKT, mTOR, GRB2, SOS, RAF, RAS, MAPK, ERK, MEK and CCND1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma was assessed. The outcomes considered were overall survival, disease-free survival and tumor-node-metastasis stage. Twenty-two studies were included. Risk of bias was evaluated. Meta-analysis for which pooled hazard ratios and 95% CIs were calculated. CONCLUSION EGFR overexpression predicts a worse overall survival and disease-free survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but no specific causal pathway molecule could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc L Ooft
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Weibel W Braunius
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paulien Heus
- Dutch Cochrane Center, Julius Center for Health Sciences & Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Stegeman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wilko Grolman
- Department of Otolaryngology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte I Zuur
- Department of Head & Neck Surgery & Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Lung ML, Cheung AKL, Ko JMY, Lung HL, Cheng Y, Dai W. The interplay of host genetic factors and Epstein-Barr virus in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 33:556-68. [PMID: 25367335 PMCID: PMC4244319 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.014.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The interplay between host cell genetics and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection contributes to the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Understanding the host genetic and epigenetic alterations and the influence of EBV on cell signaling and host gene regulation will aid in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of NPC and provide useful biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and therapy. In this review, we provide an update of the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with NPC, as well as genes associated with NPC risk including those involved in carcinogen detoxification and DNA repair. We also describe the importance of host genetics that govern the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex and immune responses, and we describe the impact of EBV infection on host cell signaling changes and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. High-power genomic sequencing approaches are needed to elucidate the genetic basis for inherited susceptibility to NPC and to identify the genes and pathways driving its molecular pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Li Lung
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
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20
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Lalami Y, Garcia C, Flamen P, Ameye L, Paesmans M, Awada A. Phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of sorafenib (BAY 43-9006) and correlating early fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT response to outcome in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck cancer. Head Neck 2015; 38:347-54. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Lalami
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet; Université de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Camillo Garcia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet; Université de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Patrick Flamen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institut Jules Bordet; Université de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Lieveke Ameye
- Data Center, Institut Jules Bordet; Université de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Marianne Paesmans
- Data Center, Institut Jules Bordet; Université de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet; Université de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
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21
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Liu MT, Chen MK, Huang CC, Huang CY. Prognostic Value of Molecular Markers and Implication for Molecular Targeted Therapies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: An Update in an Era of New Targeted Molecules Development. World J Oncol 2015; 6:243-261. [PMID: 29147412 PMCID: PMC5649942 DOI: 10.14740/wjon610w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of molecular biomarkers which could provide information for more accurate prognostication and development of novel therapeutic strategies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). NPC is a unique malignant epithelial carcinoma of head and neck region, with an intimate association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Currently, the prediction of NPC prognosis is mainly based on the clinical TNM staging; however, NPC patients with the same clinical stage often present different clinical outcomes, suggesting that the TNM stage is insufficient to precisely predict the prognosis of this disease. In this review, we give an overview of the prognostic value of molecular markers in NPC and discuss potential strategies of targeted therapies for treatment of NPC. Molecular biomarkers, which play roles in abnormal proliferation signaling pathways (such as Wnt/β-catenin pathway), intracellular mitogenic signal aberration (such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α), receptor-mediated aberrations (such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)), tumor suppressors (such as p16 and p27 activity), cell cycle aberrations (such as cyclin D1 and cyclin E), cell adhesion aberrations (such as E-cadherin), apoptosis dysregualtion (such as survivin) and centromere aberration (centromere protein H), are prognostic markers for NPC. Plasma EBV DNA concentrations and EBV-encoded latent membrane proteins are also prognostic markers for NPC. Implication of molecular targeted therapies in NPC was discussed. Such therapies could have potential in combination with different cytotoxic agents to combat and eradicate tumor cells. In order to further improve overall survival for patients with loco-regionally advanced NPC, the development of innovative strategies, including prognostic molecular markers and molecular targeted agents is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Tai Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100, ROC.,Department of Medicine, Chang Shan Medical University, 110 Section 1, Chien- Kuo N. Road, Taichung, Taiwan 402, ROC.,Department of Radiology, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, Yuanpei University of Science and Technology, 306 Yuanpei Street, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC
| | - Chia-Chun Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nan Shiau Street, Changhua, Taiwan 500, ROC
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung San South Road, Taipei, Taiwan 100, ROC
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22
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23
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Xu T, Wu S, Yuan Y, Yan G, Xiao D. Knockdown of phosphodiesterase 4D inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation via the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2110-2116. [PMID: 25289091 PMCID: PMC4186529 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) is a subtype of metallohydrolases, and it has been reported that PDE4D functions as a proliferation promoting factor in certain types of cancer, including head and neck cancer. The present study first investigated the function of PDE4D in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Western blot analysis was applied to detect PDE4D expression in NPC samples and cells. A lentiviral infection technique was used to stabilize the knockdown of PDE4D, which was subsequently examined in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that PDE4D was overexpressed in the NPC tissues and cells. Knockdown of PDE4D inhibited the growth of CNE2 and 5–8F, inducing cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase in CNE2. These effects could be reversed by epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. Furthermore, knockdown of PDE4D significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT. The results were further validated in an NPC xenograft in nude mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that PDE4D may function as a proliferation promoting factor in NPC, by affecting the EGFR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Therefore, the targeting of PDE4D may be a rational strategy in the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Sihai Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Guoxin Yan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
| | - Dajiang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuxi, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214002, P.R. China
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24
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Lang J, Gao L, Guo Y, Zhao C, Zhang C. Comprehensive treatment of squamous cell cancer of head and neck: Chinese expert consensus 2013. Future Oncol 2014; 10:1635-48. [PMID: 24635574 DOI: 10.2217/fon.14.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common malignant tumor worldwide, and squamous cell cancer of the head and neck accounts for more than 90% of head and neck cancers. In China, the incidence of oral cavity and pharyngolaryngeal cancer is 3.28 per 100,000 with a mortality of 1.37 per 100,000, and the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer is 3.61 per 100,000 with a mortality was 1.99 per 100,000. In 2013, an expert consensus conference was held in China with the aim of establishing the optimum multimodality treatments that are applied in Chinese patients with squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. The experts, who met to review the literature and discuss and modify treatment strategies used in clinical practice in China, reached a consensus on the optimum therapy approaches, which, in general, combine surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. The experts strongly recommended that healthcare providers should integrate proper medical resources into a collaborative group involving specialists in several disciplines to agree upon and provide the most effective therapy for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyi Lang
- Radiotherapy Department, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, South Road of Renmin Street, 4th District, No. 55, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- Cancer Institute & Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ye Guo
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 20003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhao
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, No. 651 Dongfeng Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, ZhiZaoju Road, No. 639, Shanghai, 200011, People’s Republic of China
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25
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Arango BA, Castrellon AB, Perez CA, Raez LE, Santos ES. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: alternative treatment options after disease progression. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 10:377-86. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Sun W, Long G, Wang J, Mei Q, Liu D, Hu G. Prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a meta-analysis. Head Neck 2013; 36:1508-16. [PMID: 23996630 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies have assessed the prognostic value of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but their results remain controversial. METHODS Studies published up to January 2013 were collected. A total of 16 studies involving 1179 patients were reviewed. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of EGFR in patients with NPC. The combined hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using fixed-effects or random-effects models. RESULTS EGFR overexpression had significantly poor effect on overall survival (OS; HR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.25-2.77), disease-free survival (DFS; HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.66-3.04) and locoregional control (HR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.71-5.02). However, the association between EGFR overexpression and distant metastasis-free survival was not statistically significant (HR, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.72-2.67). CONCLUSION EGFR overexpression can be a prognostic factor for patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
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27
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Zhu X, Zhang F, Zhang W, He J, Zhao Y, Chen X. Prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor in head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis. J Surg Oncol 2013; 108:387-97. [PMID: 24038070 DOI: 10.1002/jso.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing PR China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
- School of Life Science; Wenzhou Medical College; Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province PR China
| | - Jing He
- Institutes for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Yulan Zhao
- School of Life Science; East China Normal University; Shanghai PR China
| | - Xingming Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Peking Union Medical College Hospital; Beijing PR China
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28
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Zhang HH, Yuan TZ, Li J, Liang Y, Huang LJ, Ye JC, Zheng RH, Xie GF, Zhang XP. Erlotinib: An enhancer of radiation therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2013; 6:1062-1066. [PMID: 24137317 PMCID: PMC3797307 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effects of erlotinib combined with radiation on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) radiosensitivity using the CNE1 and CNE2 cell lines. Human NPC cells were treated with erlotinib and/or radiation. The effect of erlotinib on the radiosensitivity of the cells was detected using a clonogenic cell survival assay. The rate of apoptosis and the cell cycle were evaluated using flow cytometry. An NPC xenograft model in NOD-SCID mice was used to evaluate the efficacy of the combination therapy of erlotinib with radiation. Erlotinib enhanced the sensitivity of the CNE1 and CNE2 cells to radiation, with sensitization enhancement ratios (SERs) of 1.076 and 1.109, respectively. Erlotinib combined with radiation induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in the two cell lines. The mouse tumor model demonstrated a significant reduction in NPC tumor volume in mice treated with erlotinib in combination with radiation when compared with that in mice treated with radiation alone. Erlotinib combined with radiation provoked G2-M phase cell cycle arrest, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of the NPC cells to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Huan Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tumor Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
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29
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Over-expression of BCAT1, a c-Myc target gene, induces cell proliferation, migration and invasion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:53. [PMID: 23758864 PMCID: PMC3698204 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common malignant tumor in southern China and Southeast Asia, but its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis are poorly understood. Our previous work has demonstrated that BCAT1 mRNA is over expressed in NPC and knocking down its expression in 5-8F NPC cell line can potently inhibit cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. However, the mechanism of BCAT1 up-regulation and its functional role in NPC development remain to be elucidated yet. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) method was utilized to detect the expression of BCAT1 protein in NPC at different pathological stages. The roles of gene mutation, DNA amplification and transcription factor c-Myc in regulating BCAT1 expression were analyzed using PCR-sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), IHC, ChIP and luciferase reporter system, respectively. The functions of BCAT1 in colony formation, cell migration and invasion properties were evaluated by RNA interference (RNAi). RESULTS The positive rates of BCAT1 protein expression in normal epithelia, low-to-moderate grade atypical hyperplasia tissues, high-grade atypical hyperplasia tissues and NPC tissues were 23.6% (17/72), 75% (18/24), 88.9% (8/9) and 88.8% (71/80), respectively. Only one SNP site in exon1 was detected, and 42.4% (12/28) of the NPC tissues displayed the amplification of microsatellite loci in BCAT1. C-Myc could directly bind to the c-Myc binding site in promoter region of BCAT1 and up-regulate its expression. The mRNA and protein of c-Myc and BCAT1 were co-expressed in 53.6% (15/28) and 59.1% (13/22) of NPC tissues, respectively, and BCAT1 mRNA expression was also down-regulated in c-Myc knockdown cell lines. In addition, BCAT1 knockdown cells demonstrated reduced proliferation and decreased cell migration and invasion abilities. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that gene amplification and c-Myc up-regulation are responsible for BCAT1 overexpression in primary NPC, and overexpression of BCAT1 induces cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The results suggest that BCAT1 may be a novel molecular target for the diagnosis and treatment of NPC.
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30
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Pan J, Tang T, Xu L, Lu JJ, Lin S, Qiu S, Chen G, K Tham IW. Prognostic significance of expression of cyclooxygenase-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and epidermal growth factor receptor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2012; 35:1238-47. [PMID: 22972415 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and the long-term outcomes in treated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was studied. METHODS Expression of COX-2, VEGF, and EGFR by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was assessed in 128 patients with NPC. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional control, and distant metastasis-free survival rates were compared for different expression levels of each marker. Multivariate analysis was by the Cox regression model. RESULTS Median follow-up after radiation therapy ± chemotherapy was 116 months. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that COX-2, VEGF, EGFR, and clinical stage were all independent predictors for OS, DFS, locoregional control, and distant metastasis-free survival rates. CONCLUSIONS High expression of COX-2, VEGF, and EGFR were independent adverse prognostic factors for long-term outcomes in nonmetastatic NPC independent of clinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianji Pan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Paiar F, Di Cataldo V, Zei G, Pasquetti EM, Cecchini S, Meattini I, Mangoni M, Agresti B, Iermano C, Bonomo P, Biti G. Role of chemotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncol Rev 2012; 6:e1. [PMID: 25992199 PMCID: PMC4419643 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2012.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique malignant head and neck cancer with clinical, demographic, and geographic features distinct from other head and neck epithelial malignancies. Non-keratinizing, poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated WHO types 2 and 3 is the most common subtypes of NPC. NPC is also characterized by its relatively high sensitivity to radiation, so that in the last decades radiotherapy (RT) has been the cornerstone of treatment. However, in the majority of cases NPC is discovered at locally advanced stage. The results are disappointing when RT alone is offered. The 5-year survival rates have been reported to be about 34-52%. The poor prognosis for advanced NPC led to increasing interests in exploring the use of chemotherapy (CT). NPC has been considered to be not only radiosensitive but also chemo-sensitive and has shown high response rate to various chemotherapeutic agents. Certainly, the treatment strategies for NPC will continue to change and evolve as a better understanding is gained of the molecular and immune mechanisms that drive this disease. We reviewed the current literature focusing on the role of CT and new-targeted agents.
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Park E, Liu B, Xia X, Zhu F, Jami WB, Hu Y. Role of IKKα in skin squamous cell carcinomas. Future Oncol 2011; 7:123-34. [PMID: 21174543 DOI: 10.2217/fon.10.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are two major types of skin cancer derived from keratinocytes. SCC is a more aggressive type of cancer than BCC in humans. One significant difference between SCC and BCC is that SCC development is generally associated with cell dedifferentiation and morphological changes. When SCC is converted to spindle cell carcinoma, the latest stage of cancer, the tumor cells change to a fibroblastic cell morphology (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) and lose their differentiation markers. Recently, several laboratories have reported altered IκB kinase α (IKKα) protein localization, downregulated IKKα, and IKKα gene deletions and mutations in human SCCs of the skin, lung, esophagus, and neck and head. In addition, IKKα reduction promotes chemical carcinogen- and ultraviolet B-induced skin carcinogenesis, and IKKα deletion in keratinocytes causes spontaneous skin SCCs, but not BCCs, in mice. Thus, IKKα emerges as a bona fide skin tumor suppressor. In this article, we will discuss the role of IKKα in skin SCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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He ML, Luo MXM, Lin MC, Kung HF. MicroRNAs: potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1825:1-10. [PMID: 21958739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly malignant cancer with local invasion and early distant metastasis. NPC is highly prevalent in the Southern China and South-eastern Asia. The genetic susceptibility, endemic environment factors, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection are believed to be the major etiologic factors of NPC. Once metastasis occurs, the prognosis is very poor. It is urgently needed to develop biomarkers for early clinical diagnosis/prognosis, and novel effective therapies for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In this paper, we systematically reviewed the current progress of miRNA studies in NPC. It has been shown that both host encoded miRNAs and EBV encoded miRNAs play key roles in almost all the steps of epithelia cell carcinogenesis, including epithelial-mesenchymal to stem-like transition, cell growth, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis. More importantly, some miRNAs could be secreted out and play a role in the microenvironments. The level of sera miRNAs is correlated with the copy numbers of host miRNAs in tumor biopsies. Promising results of gene therapy have been also achieved by lentiviral delivered miRNAs. Taken together, cell free miRNAs would be potential biomarkers of early clinical diagnosis/prognosis; while some miRNAs could be further developed into therapeutic agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Liang He
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Ruan L, Li XH, Wan XX, Yi H, Li C, Li MY, Zhang PF, Zeng GQ, Qu JQ, He QY, Li JH, Chen Y, Chen ZC, Xiao ZQ. Analysis of EGFR signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by quantitative phosphoproteomics. Proteome Sci 2011; 9:35. [PMID: 21711528 PMCID: PMC3141626 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-9-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is usually overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and is associated with pathogenesis of NPC. However, the downstream signaling proteins of EGFR in NPC have not yet been completely understood at the system level. The aim of this study was identify novel downstream proteins of EGFR signaling pathway in NPC cells. Results We analyzed EGFR-regulated phosphoproteome in NPC CNE2 cells using 2D-DIGE and mass spectrometry analysis after phosphoprotein enrichment. As a result, 33 nonredundant phosphoproteins including five known EGFR-regulated proteins and twenty-eight novel EGFR-regulated proteins in CNE2 were identified, three differential phosphoproteins were selectively validated, and two differential phosphoproteins (GSTP1 and GRB2) were showed interacted with phospho-EGFR. Bioinformatics analysis showed that 32 of 33 identified proteins contain phosphorylation modification sites, and 17 identified proteins are signaling proteins. GSTP1, one of the EGFR-regulated proteins, associated with chemoresistance was analyzed. The results showed that GSTP1 could contribute to paclitaxel resistance in EGF-stimulated CNE2 cells. Furthermore, an EGFR signaling network based on the identified EGFR-regulated phosphoproteins were constructed using Pathway Studio 5.0 software, which includes canonical and novel EGFR-regulated proteins and implicates the possible biological roles for those proteins. Conclusion The data not only can extend our knowledge of canonical EGFR signaling, but also will be useful to understand the molecular mechanisms of EGFR in NPC pathogenesis and search therapeutic targets for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Allergy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Xin-Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xun-Xun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410006, China
| | - Hong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Cui Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Mao-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Gu-Qing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jia-Quan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Qiu-Yan He
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jian-Huang Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhu-Chu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Liu D, Chen C, Hu G, Mei Q, Qiu H, Long G, Hu G. Specific targeting of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE1 by C225-conjugated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles with magnetic resonance imaging. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:301-6. [PMID: 21345916 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate definition of clinical target volume (CTV) is essential for the application of radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treatment. A novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeting contrast agent (C225-USPIO) was designed by conjugating ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles with cetuximab (C225), to non-invasively define the CTV of tumor. The immunobinding activity of C225-USPIO to NPC cell line CNE1 was confirmed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The time-dependent accumulation of C225-USPIO in CNE1 cells was evaluated using Prussian blue staining. Targeted internalization and subcellular localization of C225-USPIO was confirmed by transmission electron microscope. The results indicated that C225-USPIO specifically bound to EGFR on the surface of CNE1 cells and was taken up into the cell. The uptake of C225-USPIO by CNE1 cells increased significantly with time, when compared with human IgG-USPIO. In addition, 4.7 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that C225-USPIO had a capacity to accumulate in the CNE1 cells, with a resultant marked decrease in MRI T2-weighted signal intensity over time. These findings imply that C225-USPIO has the potential as an MRI contrast agent and can be employed to non-invasively detect early-stage NPC with EGFR overexpression. This provides sufficient theoretical basis for commencing in vivo experiments with the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbo Liu
- Cancer Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kim YJ, Go H, Wu HG, Jeon YK, Park SW, Lee SH. Immunohistochemical study identifying prognostic biomolecular markers in nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated by radiotherapy. Head Neck 2010; 33:1458-66. [PMID: 21928418 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the predictive significance of 14 reported markers using immunohistochemical study in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS Immunohistochemical stainings were done in 38 patients for Met, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nm23-H1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p63, early growth response factor 1 (Egr1), chromosome segregation 1-like (CSE1L), cathepsin-D (aspartyl protease), C-erbB2, p53, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3/STAT5), CD138 (Syndecan-1), and LIN28 with the usual methods. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 30 months (11-83 months). High Met and CD138 expression were statistically significant negative prognostic factors on survival. The expression of Egr1 had a positive prognostic effect on survival. The combined score of these 3 markers, Met plus CD138 minus Egr1, was a strong prognostic factor. The median survival curve was distinctly separated in accord with this combined score. No prognostic value was revealed in COX-2, nm23-H1, EGFR, p63, CSE1L, cathepsin-D, C-erbB2, p53, STAT3, STAT5, and LIN28. CONCLUSIONS The combined score of these markers could be used to stratify biomolecular risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Joo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Tang CE, Guan YJ, Yi B, Li XH, Liang K, Zou HY, Yi H, Li MY, Zhang PF, Li C, Peng F, Chen ZC, Yao KT, Xiao ZQ. Identification of the amyloid β-protein precursor and cystatin C as novel epidermal growth factor receptor regulated secretory proteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by proteomics. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:6101-11. [PMID: 20882990 DOI: 10.1021/pr100663p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is usually overexpressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and is associated with pathogenesis of NPC. However, while EGFR-modulated intracellular proteins have been extensively studied, little is known concerning their extracellular counterparts. To identify EGFR-regulated secreted proteins in NPC, we compared the secretome profiles of TGF-α-stimulated and unstimulated NPC cell line CNE-2. CNE-2 cells were cultured in the absence or presence of TGF-α for 24 h, and secreted proteins were obtained from conditioned serum-free media and enriched by ultrafiltration centrifugation. Using 2-DE and subsequent mass spectrometry, we identified 16 differential secreted proteins, among which the amyloid β-protein precursor (APP) was up-regulated and cystatin C was down-regulated after TGF-α stimulation. We further showed that the secretory changes of APP and cystatin C in CNE-2 after TGF-α stimulation could be abrogated by pretreatment of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor PD153035 and PI3 kinase inhibitor Wortmannin, validating that APP and cystatin C are EGFR-regulated secreted proteins in NPC cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression level of EGFR was positively correlated with the expression level of APP and negatively correlated with the expression level of cystatin C in NPC tissues, indicating that EGFR also regulates expression of APP and cystatin C in clinical NPC tissues. Furthermore, functional analysis showed that the growth and migration of CNE-2 cells decreased after neutralization of secretory APP in the medium using the anti-APP antibody. Our data provide substantial evidence that APP and cystatin C are target secreted proteins of EGFR in NPC, and upregulation of secretory APP by EGFR may be involved in the pathogenesis of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can-E Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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Lan MY, Chen CL, Lin KT, Lee SA, Yang WLR, Hsu CN, Wu JC, Ho CY, Lin JC, Huang CYF. From NPC therapeutic target identification to potential treatment strategy. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2511-23. [PMID: 20716640 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is relatively rare in Western countries but is a common cancer in southern Asia. Many differentially expressed genes have been linked to NPC; however, how to prioritize therapeutic targets and potential drugs from unsorted gene lists remains largely unknown. We first collected 558 upregulated and 993 downregulated NPC genes from published microarray data and the primary literatures. We then postulated that conversion of gene signatures into the protein-protein interaction network and analyzing the network topologically could provide insight into key regulators involved in tumorigenesis of NPC. Of particular interest was the presence of cliques, called fully connected subgraphs, in the inferred NPC networks. These clique-based hubs, connecting with more than three queries and ranked higher than other nodes in the NPC protein-protein interaction network, were further narrowed down by pathway analysis to retrieve 24 upregulated and 6 downregulated bottleneck genes for predicting NPC carcinogenesis. Moreover, additional oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in protein complexes, and genes obtained after functional profiling were merged with the bottleneck genes to form the final gene signature of 38 upregulated and 10 downregulated genes. We used the initial and final NPC gene signatures to query the Connectivity Map, respectively, and found that target reduction through our pipeline could efficiently uncover potential drugs with cytotoxicity to NPC cancer cells. An integrative Web site (http://140.109.23.188:8080/NPC) was established to facilitate future NPC research. This in silico approach, from target prioritization to potential drugs identification, might be an effective method for various cancer researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ying Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Anti-invasion, anti-proliferation and anoikis-sensitization activities of lapatinib in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1241-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Razak ARA, Siu LL, Liu FF, Ito E, O'Sullivan B, Chan K. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the next challenges. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46:1967-78. [PMID: 20451372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) differs from other head and neck cancers in its aetiology, epidemiology and potential therapeutic options. Despite cure for the majority of the patients, challenges still exist in the prevention of disease relapse, treatment of patients with refractory or metastatic NPC and the management of long-term toxicities. This article discusses the specific challenges in pushing the boundaries of NPC treatments further, with an emphasis on prognostic/predictive markers, molecularly targeted therapies, immunotherapies and the areas of interest with regard to long-term toxicities arising from therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albiruni R A Razak
- Division of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Molecular targeted therapies in all histologies of head and neck cancers: an update. Curr Opin Oncol 2010; 22:212-20. [DOI: 10.1097/cco.0b013e328338001f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim YJ, Lee SH, Wu HG, Go H, Jeon YK. Immunohistochemical Study to Evaluate the Prognostic Significance of Four Biomolecular Markers in Radiotherapy of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3857/jkstro.2010.28.2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon-Joo Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Gyun Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heounjeong Go
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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GONDHOWIARDJO S, MUTHALIB A, KHOTIMAH S, RACHMAN A. Nimotuzumab combined with radiotherapy reduces primary tumor and nodal volume in advanced undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-7563.2009.01227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Taheri-Kadkhoda Z, Magnusson B, Svensson M, Mercke C, Björk-Eriksson T. Expression modes and clinical manifestations of latent membrane protein 1, Ki-67, cyclin-B1, and epidermal growth factor receptor in nonendemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Head Neck 2009; 31:482-92. [PMID: 19132724 DOI: 10.1002/hed.21002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify clinical significance of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), Ki-67, cyclin-B1, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), in nonendemic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS The relation between expression of the markers in 45 NPC specimens and clinicopathological and survival variables was statistically analyzed. RESULTS LMP1 was present in 33% of the tumors, and its presence was associated with advanced nodal and disease stages. Overexpression was defined as labeling index > or = median value for Ki-67, > or = 15% for cyclin-B1, and > or =50% for EGFR, and it was displayed in 50%, 55%, and 80% of the specimens, respectively. Strong EGFR staining intensity and not overexpression of the 3 markers was the variable with statistically significant impact on treatment outcomes in terms of worse local and locoregional tumor control rates. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the evaluation of EGFR staining intensity in patients with NPC may identify a subgroup of patients with poor prognosis.
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Liu B, Zhu F, Xia X, Park E, Hu Y. A tale of terminal differentiation: IKKalpha, the master keratinocyte regulator. Cell Cycle 2009; 8:527-31. [PMID: 19197157 DOI: 10.4161/cc.8.4.7598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratinocyte differentiation is the process of cellular maturation from a mitotic state to a terminally differentiated state during which skin builds up a tough yet soft skin barrier to protect the body. Its irreversibility also allows the shedding of excessive keratinocytes, thereby maintaining skin homeostasis and preventing skin diseases. Although the entire journey of keratinocyte differentiation is intricate and not well understood, it is known that Ras is able to block keratinocyte terminal differentiation and instead induce keratinocyte proliferation and transformation. It appears that uncontrolled proliferation actually interrupts differentiation. However, it has been unclear whether there are any innate surveillants that would be able to induce terminal differentiation by antagonizing excessive mitotic activities. Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappaB kinase-alpha (IKKalpha, previously known as Chuk) emerges as a master regulator in the coordinative control of keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation and as a major tumor suppressor in human and mouse skin squamous cell carcinomas. IKKalpha does so largely by integrating into the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)/EGFR ligand pathways during mitosis and differentiation. We discuss these findings herein to extend our understanding of how IKKalpha-mediated terminal differentiation serves as an innate surveillant in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigang Liu
- Science Park Research Division, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, Texas, USA
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Liu B, Xia X, Zhu F, Park E, Carbajal S, Kiguchi K, DiGiovanni J, Fischer S, Hu Y. IKKalpha is required to maintain skin homeostasis and prevent skin cancer. Cancer Cell 2008; 14:212-25. [PMID: 18772111 PMCID: PMC7263012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2008] [Revised: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 08/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that excessive mitotic activity due to H-Ras can block keratinocyte differentiation and cause skin cancer. It is not clear whether there are any innate surveillants that are able to ensure that keratinocytes undergo terminal differentiation, preventing the disease. IKKalpha induces keratinocyte terminal differentiation, and its downregulation promotes skin tumor development. However, its intrinsic function in skin cancer is unknown. Here, we found that mice with IKKalpha deletion in keratinocytes develop a thickened epidermis and spontaneous squamous cell-like carcinomas. Inactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or reintroduction of IKKalpha inhibits excessive mitosis, induces terminal differentiation, and prevents skin cancer through repressing an EGFR-driven autocrine loop. Thus, IKKalpha serves as an innate surveillant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yinling Hu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. ., Phone: 512-237-9338, Fax: 512-237-2475
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Agulnik M, Epstein JB. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: current management, future directions and dental implications. Oral Oncol 2007; 44:617-27. [PMID: 18061518 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a distinct cancer of the head and neck. Approximately 70% of patients with NPC present with locally advanced disease. Phase III clinical trials support combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the initial treatment of these patients. Current treatment approaches for metastatic disease are variable. Oral complications of therapy for NPC are very common. In order to support cancer therapy the dental provider must be aware of the diagnosis, prognosis and approach to treatment. Dental care requires that radiation fields be understood as well as the permanent changes that occur with high dose radiation therapy. Radiation causes changes in bone and soft tissue that may result in acute and chronic oral complications. The most common acute complications are mucositis, infection, xerostomia and taste changes. Mucositis is of increased severity and duration when chemotherapy is combined with radiation therapy. Chronic complications are due to late effects of radiation therapy including hyposalivation, infection, taste change, dysphagia and trismus. Treatment innovations with molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapy are being assessed to improve treatment outcomes in NPC and will impact oral complications and oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agulnik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Kourelis K, Papadas T, Vandoros G, Goumas P, Sotiropoulou-Bonikou G. Glottic versus supraglottic tumors: differential molecular profile. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 265:79-84. [PMID: 17909831 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-007-0441-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Glottis and supraglottis, although anatomically interconnected, are embryologically distinct. Moreover, squamous cell carcinomas arising from these subsites, differ in terms of epidemiology, risk factors, clinical behaviour and prognosis. This study aims to explore any possible differences between their molecular profiles. We investigated in the two tumor types, the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), principal signal transducers associated with cancer, as well as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme induced in malignant neoplasms. The clinical material includes tumor specimens from 61 patients with laryngeal cancer of glottic or supraglottic origin. Subsite groups were matched for gender, age and histological grade. Paraffin-section immunohistochemistry was performed, to detect the aforementioned molecules. Staining patterns were membranic and cytoplasmic for EGFR, purely cytoplasmic for COX-2, nuclear for RXRalpha and cytoplasmic, as well as nuclear, for NF-kappaB. Intense EGFR and RXRalpha expression was significantly associated with glottic tumor descent (P = 0.011 and 0.001, respectively). No significant relationship was established between neoplasm location and expressions of NF-kappaB, COX-2. Our results show that tumors emerging from the two laryngeal regions, are different with regard to their molecular constitution. Upregulation of EGFR and RXRalpha in carcinomas of the glottis, might be important in the design of subsite-specific chemotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Kourelis
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Patras, Rio, Patras, Greece
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Elser C, Siu LL, Winquist E, Agulnik M, Pond GR, Chin SF, Francis P, Cheiken R, Elting J, McNabola A, Wilkie D, Petrenciuc O, Chen EX. Phase II Trial of Sorafenib in Patients With Recurrent or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck or Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:3766-73. [PMID: 17704426 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.10.2871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo determine the efficacy and safety of single-agent sorafenib in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Patients and MethodsIn this single-arm phase II trial, oral continuous sorafenib was administered in 28-day cycles. Patients had ≤ one line of chemotherapy for recurrent and/or metastatic disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≤ 2, and adequate organ function. At the end of stage 1, efficacy criteria for further accrual were not met, but the study was amended to enroll an additional five patients for paired tumor biopsies.ResultsTwenty-seven and 26 patients were eligible for toxicity and efficacy evaluations, respectively. One patient (3.7%; 95% CI, 0.1% to 19.0%) achieved a partial response. Disease stabilization was maintained in 10 patients (37.0%; 95% CI, 22.4% to 61.2%). The median time to progression was 1.8 months (95% CI, 1.6 to 3.4 months), and median overall survival time was 4.2 months (95% CI, 3.6 to 8.7 months). Sorafenib was well tolerated with few grade 3 and no grade 4 toxicities. Biomarker analysis of paired tumor samples before and after treatment with sorafenib revealed a decrease of pERK in all five patients, with a decrease in Ki67 in four patients, consistent with a disruption of ERK signaling. The antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 was downregulated in four patients, and there was also evidence of antiangiogenic activity.ConclusionSorafenib was well tolerated and had modest anticancer activity comparable to monotherapy with other targeted agents in this group of patients. Further development in combination with radiation or other agents may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Elser
- Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent tumour in southern China and southeast Asia, particularly in the Cantonese population, where its incidence has remained high for decades. Recent studies have demonstrated that the aetiology of NPC is complex, involving multiple factors including genetic susceptibility, infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and exposure to chemical carcinogens. During development of the disease, viral infection and multiple somatic genetic and epigenetic changes synergistically disrupt normal cell function, thus contributing to NPC pathogenesis. NPC is highly radiosensitive and chemosensitive, but treatment of patients with locoregionally advanced disease remains problematic. New biomarkers for NPC, including EBV DNA copy number or methylation of multiple tumour suppressor genes, which can be detected in serum and nasopharyngeal brushings, have been developed for the molecular diagnosis of this tumour. Meanwhile, new therapeutic strategies such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy and immuno- and epigenetic therapies might lead to more specific and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tao
- Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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