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Rao P, Keyes MJ, Mi MY, Barber JL, Tahir UA, Deng S, Clish CB, Shen D, Farrell LA, Wilson JG, Gao Y, Yimer WK, Ekunwe L, Hall ME, Muntner PM, Guo X, Taylor KD, Tracy RP, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Xanthakis V, Vasan RS, Bouchard C, Sarzynski MA, Gerszten RE, Robbins JM. Plasma Proteomics of Exercise Blood Pressure and Incident Hypertension. JAMA Cardiol 2024; 9:713-722. [PMID: 38865108 PMCID: PMC11170454 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2024.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Importance Blood pressure response during acute exercise (exercise blood pressure [EBP]) is associated with the future risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Biochemical characterization of EBP could inform disease biology and identify novel biomarkers of future hypertension. Objective To identify protein markers associated with EBP and test their association with incident hypertension. Design, Setting, and Participants This study assayed 4977 plasma proteins in 681 healthy participants (from 763 assessed) of the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics (HERITAGE; data collection from January 1993 to December 1997 and plasma proteomics from January 2019 to January 2020) Family Study at rest who underwent 2 cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Individuals were free of CVD at the time of recruitment. Individuals with resting SBP ≥160 mm Hg or DBP ≥100 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive drug therapy were excluded from the study. The association between resting plasma protein levels to both resting BP and EBP was evaluated. Proteins associated with EBP were analyzed for their association with incident hypertension in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS; n = 1177) and validated in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS; n = 772) and Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA; n = 1367). Proteins associated with incident hypertension were tested for putative causal links in approximately 700 000 individuals using cis-protein quantitative loci mendelian randomization (cis-MR). Data were analyzed from January 2023 to January 2024. Exposures Plasma proteins. Main Outcomes and Measures EBP was defined as the BP response during a fixed workload (50 W) on a cycle ergometer. Hypertension was defined as BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or taking antihypertensive medication. Results Among the 681 participants in the HERITAGE Family Study, the mean (SD) age was 34 (13) years; 366 participants (54%) were female; 238 (35%) were self-reported Black and 443 (65%) were self-reported White. Proteomic profiling of EBP revealed 34 proteins that would not have otherwise been identified through profiling of resting BP alone. Transforming growth factor β receptor 3 (TGFBR3) and prostaglandin D2 synthase (PTGDS) had the strongest association with exercise systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP), respectively (TGFBR3: exercise SBP, β estimate, -3.39; 95% CI, -4.79 to -2.00; P = 2.33 × 10-6; PTGDS: exercise DBP β estimate, -2.50; 95% CI, -3.29 to -1.70; P = 1.18 × 10-9). In fully adjusted models, TGFBR3 was inversely associated with incident hypertension in FHS, JHS, and MESA (hazard ratio [HR]: FHS, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.75-0.97; P = .01; JHS, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.97; P = .02; MESA, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71-0.98; P = .03; pooled cohort, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92; P = 6 × 10-5). Using cis-MR, genetically predicted levels of TGFBR3 were associated with SBP, hypertension, and CVD events (SBP: β, -0.38; 95% CI, -0.64 to -0.11; P = .006; hypertension: odds ratio [OR], 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-0.99; P < .001; heart failure with hypertension: OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.77-0.97; P = .01; CVD: OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.92; P = 8 × 10-5; cerebrovascular events: OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.70-0.85; P = 5 × 10-7). Conclusions and Relevance Plasma proteomic profiling of EBP identified a novel protein, TGFBR3, which may protect against elevated BP and long-term CVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle. J. Keyes
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael Y. Mi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacob L. Barber
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Usman A. Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuliang Deng
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clary B. Clish
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Dongxiao Shen
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurie. A. Farrell
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James G. Wilson
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Data Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Wondwosen K. Yimer
- Department of Data Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Lynette Ekunwe
- Jackson Heart Study Field Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Michael E. Hall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Paul M. Muntner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor–University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor–University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance
| | - Russell P. Tracy
- Department of Pathology Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor–University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance
| | - Vanessa Xanthakis
- Boston University’s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Boston University’s and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Jeremy M. Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zhang Z. Association between sarcopenia and hearing impairment in middle-aged and elderly people in China: a prospective cohort study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6061. [PMID: 38480872 PMCID: PMC10937624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56850-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study used longitudinal data from CHARLS 2011-2018 for cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses to investigate the relationship between sarcopenia and hearing impairment in middle-aged and elderly adults in China. The study selected 9723 participants aged 45 years and older from CHARLS 2011 and followed up in 2015 and 2018. Binary logistic regression and cox proportional risk regression models were used for testing. The results of the study showed that in the cross-sectional analysis, probable sarcopenia was significantly associated with hearing impairment compared with the group without sarcopenia [OR (95% CI) 0.342 (1.187, 1.669), p < 0.001], but sarcopenia was not significantly associated with hearing impairment. In the longitudinal analysis, middle-aged and elderly adults with sarcopenia [HR (95% CI) 0.354 (1.043, 1.945), p < 0.01] were more likely to have hearing impairment than those with probable sarcopenia and without sarcopenia. Probable sarcopenia was strongly associated with hearing impairment in middle-aged and elderly adults, whereas sarcopenia was a strong predictor of hearing impairment over the next 7 years. The results of this study emphasize the urgent need for measures to address sarcopenia in order to prevent and delay the decline in hearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Zhang
- Management School, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
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Peier F, Mouthon M, De Pretto M, Chabwine JN. Response to experimental cold-induced pain discloses a resistant category among endurance athletes, with a distinct profile of pain-related behavior and GABAergic EEG markers: a case-control preliminary study. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1287233. [PMID: 38287989 PMCID: PMC10822956 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1287233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is a major public health problem worldwide, with a high rate of treatment failure. Among promising non-pharmacological therapies, physical exercise is an attractive, cheap, accessible and innocuous method; beyond other health benefits. However, its highly variable therapeutic effect and incompletely understood underlying mechanisms (plausibly involving the GABAergic neurotransmission) require further research. This case-control study aimed to investigate the impact of long-lasting intensive endurance sport practice (≥7 h/week for the last 6 months at the time of the experiment) on the response to experimental cold-induced pain (as a suitable chronic pain model), assuming that highly trained individual would better resist to pain, develop advantageous pain-copying strategies and enhance their GABAergic signaling. For this purpose, clinical pain-related data, response to a cold-pressor test and high-density EEG high (Hβ) and low beta (Lβ) oscillations were documented. Among 27 athletes and 27 age-adjusted non-trained controls (right-handed males), a category of highly pain-resistant participants (mostly athletes, 48.1%) was identified, displaying lower fear of pain, compared to non-resistant non-athletes. Furthermore, they tolerated longer cold-water immersion and perceived lower maximal sensory pain. However, while having similar Hβ and Lβ powers at baseline, they exhibited a reduction between cold and pain perceptions and between pain threshold and tolerance (respectively -60% and - 6.6%; -179.5% and - 5.9%; normalized differences), in contrast to the increase noticed in non-resistant non-athletes (+21% and + 14%; +23.3% and + 13.6% respectively). Our results suggest a beneficial effect of long-lasting physical exercise on resistance to pain and pain-related behaviors, and a modification in brain GABAergic signaling. In light of the current knowledge, we propose that the GABAergic neurotransmission could display multifaceted changes to be differently interpreted, depending on the training profile and on the homeostatic setting (e.g., in pain-free versus chronic pain conditions). Despite limitations related to the sample size and to absence of direct observations under acute physical exercise, this precursory study brings into light the unique profile of resistant individuals (probably favored by training) allowing highly informative observation on physical exercise-induced analgesia and paving the way for future clinical translation. Further characterizing pain-resistant individuals would open avenues for a targeted and physiologically informed pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Peier
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Mouthon
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael De Pretto
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Nsimire Chabwine
- Laboratory for Neurorehabilitation Science, Medicine Section, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Fribourg-Cantonal Hospital, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Hota M, Barber JL, Ruiz-Ramie JJ, Schwartz CS, Lam DTUH, Rao P, Mi MY, Katz DH, Robbins JM, Clish CB, Gerszten RE, Sarzynski MA, Ghosh S, Bouchard C. Omics-driven investigation of the biology underlying intrinsic submaximal working capacity and its trainability. Physiol Genomics 2023; 55:517-543. [PMID: 37661925 PMCID: PMC11178266 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00163.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Submaximal exercise capacity is an indicator of cardiorespiratory fitness with clinical and public health implications. Submaximal exercise capacity and its response to exercise programs are characterized by heritability levels of about 40%. Using physical working capacity (power output) at a heart rate of 150 beats/min (PWC150) as an indicator of submaximal exercise capacity in subjects of the HERITAGE Family Study, we have undertaken multi-omics and in silico explorations of the underlying biology of PWC150 and its response to 20 wk of endurance training. Our goal was to illuminate the biological processes and identify panels of genes associated with human variability in intrinsic PWC150 (iPWC150) and its trainability (dPWC150). Our bioinformatics approach was based on a combination of genome-wide association, skeletal muscle gene expression, and plasma proteomics and metabolomics experiments. Genes, proteins, and metabolites showing significant associations with iPWC150 or dPWC150 were further queried for the enrichment of biological pathways. We compared genotype-phenotype associations of emerging candidate genes with reported functional consequences of gene knockouts in mouse models. We investigated the associations between DNA variants and multiple muscle and cardiovascular phenotypes measured in HERITAGE subjects. Two panels of prioritized genes of biological relevance to iPWC150 (13 genes) and dPWC150 (6 genes) were identified, supporting the hypothesis that genes and pathways associated with iPWC150 are different from those underlying dPWC150. Finally, the functions of these genes and pathways suggested that human variation in submaximal exercise capacity is mainly driven by skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism and red blood cell oxygen-carrying capacity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Multi-omics and in silico explorations of the genes and underlying biology of submaximal exercise capacity and its response to 20 wk of endurance training were undertaken. Prioritized genes were identified: 13 genes for variation in submaximal exercise capacity in the sedentary state and 5 genes for the response level to endurance training, with no overlap between them. Genes and pathways associated with submaximal exercise capacity in the sedentary state are different from those underlying trainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Hota
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacob L Barber
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jonathan J Ruiz-Ramie
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Kinesiology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - Charles S Schwartz
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Do Thuy Uyen Ha Lam
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Prashant Rao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michael Y Mi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Daniel H Katz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jeremy M Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Clary B Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Bioinformatics Section, Human Genomics Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
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A Case of Profound Bradycardia in Endurance Athlete with Severe Anorexia Nervosa. Case Rep Cardiol 2022; 2022:6589758. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/6589758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of a 54-year-old woman with asymptomatic bradycardia who was referred for consideration of a pacemaker for profound chronic sinus bradycardia (heart rate is 33 beats per minute). Further, history and physical revealed a self-described endurance athlete with severe anorexia nervosa (AN). Background. Anorexia nervosa and endurance training are known contributors to bradycardia; however, profound asymptomatic sinus bradycardia in the 20-30 beats per minute is underdocumented in the literature and not a common presentation in any setting. The decision to implant a permanent pacemaker could potentially lead to further physical and psychological repercussions in such a frail patient.
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Park CH, Yoon KJ, Lee YT, Jin SM, Lee SH, Kim TH. Impact of Low Skeletal Muscle Mass and Obesity on Hearing Loss in Asymptomatic Individuals: A Population-Based Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10102022. [PMID: 36292469 PMCID: PMC9601859 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10102022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between low muscle mass (LMM) with obesity and hearing loss has been poorly studied. We aimed to investigate the association of LMM and obesity on hearing loss in the general population. A total of 265,792 adults who underwent a hearing test and body composition analyses were included. Pre-sarcopenia was defined as having an appendicular muscle mass index <5.7 kg/m2 for women and <7.0 kg/m2 for men, and obesity as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, while pre-sarcopenic obesity was defined as the co-presence of LMM and obesity. Participants were divided into four groups according to the presence of pre-sarcopenia and/or obesity. The prevalence of hearing loss was 1.8% in the control, 2.5% in the pre-sarcopenia alone, 3.0% in the obesity alone, and 6.2% in the pre-sarcopenic obesity group (p < 0.001). Hearing Thresholds were the highest in the pre-sarcopenic obesity group compared with the other three groups. In multivariable-adjusted models, the risk of hearing loss was the highest in the pre-sarcopenic obesity group (odds ratio: 1.30 [95% confidence interval: 1.10−1.56]), followed by the obesity alone (1.20 [1.12−1.28]) and pre-sarcopenia alone (1.19 [1.06−1.34]) group compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Pre-sarcopenic obesity was independently associated with a higher prevalence of hearing loss, supporting pre-sarcopenic obesity itself as a risk for the decline in hearing function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Kyung Jae Yoon
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Yong-Taek Lee
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Sung Min Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-3410-3579
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Marini CF, Sisti D, Skinner JS, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C, Amatori S, Rocchi MBL, Piccoli G, Stocchi V, Federici A, Lucertini F. Effect of individual characteristics and aerobic training on the %HRR-% V˙O 2R relationship. Eur J Sport Sci 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35960537 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess if, during incremental exercise, considering individual characteristics can make the relationship between the percentages of heart rate (HRR) and oxygen uptake (VO2R) reserve either 1:1 or more accurate. Cycle ergometer data of the maximal incremental exercise tests performed by 450 healthy and sedentary participants (17-66 years) of the HERITAGE Family Study, grouped for sex, ethnicity, age, body fat, resting HR, and VO2max, were used to calculate the individual linear regressions between %HRR and %VO2R. The mean slope and intercept of the individual linear regressions of each subgroup were compared with 1 and 0 (identity line), respectively, using Hotelling tests followed by post-hoc one-sample t-tests. Two multiple linear regressions were also performed, using either the slopes or intercepts of the individual linear regressions as dependent variables and sex, age, resting HR, and VO2max as independent variables. The mean %HRR-%VO2R relationships of all subgroups differed from the identity line. Moreover, individual linear regression intercepts (8.9±16.0) and slopes (0.971±0.190) changed (p<0.001) after 20 weeks of aerobic training (13.1±11.1 and 0.891±0.122). The multiple linear regressions could explain only 3.8% and 1.3% of the variance in the intercepts and slopes, whose variability remained high (standard error of estimate of 15.8 and 0.189). In conclusion, the %HRR-%VO2R relationship differs from the identity line regardless of individual characteristics and their difference increased after aerobic training. Moreover, due to the high interindividual variability, using a single equation for the whole population seems not suitable for representing the %HRR-%VO2R relationship of a given subject, even when several individual characteristics are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Ferri Marini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Davide Sisti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Unit of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - James S Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington (IN), USA
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia (SC), USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge (LA), USA
| | - Stefano Amatori
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Unit of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco B L Rocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Unit of Biostatistics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccoli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Human Sciences for the Promotion of Quality of Life, University San Raffaele Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Ario Federici
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences - Division of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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SARZYNSKI MARKA, RICE TREVAK, DESPRÉS JEANPIERRE, PÉRUSSE LOUIS, TREMBLAY ANGELO, STANFORTH PHILIPR, TCHERNOF ANDRÉ, BARBER JACOBL, FALCIANI FRANCESCO, CLISH CLARY, ROBBINS JEREMYM, GHOSH SUJOY, GERSZTEN ROBERTE, LEON ARTHURS, SKINNER JAMESS, RAO DC, BOUCHARD CLAUDE. The HERITAGE Family Study: A Review of the Effects of Exercise Training on Cardiometabolic Health, with Insights into Molecular Transducers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:S1-S43. [PMID: 35611651 PMCID: PMC9012529 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and abdominal visceral fat, blood levels of steroids and other hormones, markers of oxidative stress, skeletal muscle morphology and metabolic indicators, and resting metabolic rate. These summaries document the extent of the individual differences in response to a standardized and fully monitored endurance exercise program and document the importance of familial aggregation and heritability level for exercise response traits. Findings from genomic markers, muscle gene expression studies, and proteomic and metabolomics explorations are reviewed, along with lessons learned from a bioinformatics-driven analysis pipeline. The new opportunities being pursued in integrative -omics and physiology have extended considerably the expected life of HERITAGE and are being discussed in relation to the original conceptual model of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARK A. SARZYNSKI
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - TREVA K. RICE
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - JEAN-PIERRE DESPRÉS
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
| | - LOUIS PÉRUSSE
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - ANGELO TREMBLAY
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - PHILIP R. STANFORTH
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX
| | - ANDRÉ TCHERNOF
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute Research Center, Laval University, Québec, QC, CANADA
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, QC, CANADA
| | - JACOB L. BARBER
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - FRANCESCO FALCIANI
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - CLARY CLISH
- Metabolomics Platform, Broad Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - JEREMY M. ROBBINS
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - SUJOY GHOSH
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, SINGAPORE
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - ROBERT E. GERSZTEN
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - ARTHUR S. LEON
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - D. C. RAO
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - CLAUDE BOUCHARD
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
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9
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Songsorn P, Somnarin K, Jaitan S, Kupradit A. The effect of whole-body high-intensity interval training on heart rate variability in insufficiently active adults. J Exerc Sci Fit 2022; 20:48-53. [PMID: 34987590 PMCID: PMC8689198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective Low physical activity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause morbidity and mortality. CVD alters heart rate variability (HRV). Interestingly, HRV can improve after exercise training. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of whole-body high-intensity interval training (whole-body HIIT) on HRV in low physical activity adults. Methods Twenty-one low physical activity young adults were randomly assigned into two groups: whole-body HIIT (n = 10, females = 2/males = 8, age 22 ± 0.8 years, BMI 19.5 ± 1.0 kg/m2) and control (n = 11, females = 4/males = 7, age 21.7 ± 0.8 years, BMI 19.8 ± 0.9 kg/m2). A 6-week exercise program (3 days per week) consisting of 10 min of whole-body HIIT (burpees, mountain climbers, jumping jacks, and squats) at their maximal effort was administered. Baseline and post-training HRV (time domain: SDNN and RMSSD, frequency domain: LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio) and resting heart rate (HRrest) were recorded. Results The time domain parameter increased significantly in the whole-body HIIT group (SDNN; 50.95 ± 37.17 vs. 73.40 ± 40.70 ms, p < 0.05, RMSSD; 54.45 ± 56.04 vs. 81.26 ± 60.14 ms, p < 0.05). HRrest decreased significantly following training (73.94 ± 13.2 vs. 66.1 ± 10.8 bpm, p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in all frequency-domain parameters. Conclusion Six weeks of whole-body HIIT improved cardiovascular autonomic function in insufficiently active adults. Thus, whole-body HIIT might be considered an alternative exercise for reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaphorn Songsorn
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Kawinpop Somnarin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Supakij Jaitan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand
| | - Atcharaphan Kupradit
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Thailand
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10
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Barber JL, Ruiz-Ramie JJ, Robbins JM, Gerszten RE, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, Bouchard C, Sarzynski MA. Regular exercise and patterns of response across multiple cardiometabolic traits: the HERITAGE family study. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:95-100. [PMID: 33619128 PMCID: PMC8380259 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated whether high responsiveness or low responsiveness to exercise training aggregates in the same individuals across seven cardiometabolic traits. METHODS A total of 564 adults (29.2% black, 53.7% female) from the HERITAGE family study completed a 20-week endurance training programme (at 55%-75% of participants' maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)) with VO2max, per cent body fat, visceral adipose tissue, fasting levels of insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, small low-density lipoprotein particles and inflammatory marker GlycA measured before and after training. For each exercise response trait, we created ethnicity-specific, sex-specific and generation-specific quintiles. High responses were defined as those within the 20th percentile representing the favourable end of the response trait distribution, low responses were defined as the 20th percentile from the least favourable end, and the remaining were labelled as average responses. RESULTS Only one individual had universally high or low responses for all seven cardiometabolic traits. Almost half (49%) of the cohort had at least one high response and one low response across the seven traits. About 24% had at least one high response but no low responses, 24% had one or more low responses but no high responses, and 2.5% had average responses across all traits. CONCLUSIONS Interindividual variation in exercise responses was evident in all the traits we investigated, and responsiveness did not aggregate consistently in the same individuals. While adherence to an exercise prescription is known to produce health benefits, targeted risk factors may not improve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Barber
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan J Ruiz-Ramie
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy M Robbins
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Arthur S Leon
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - DC Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - James S Skinner
- Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mark A Sarzynski
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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11
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Abstract
Human physiology is likely to have been selected for endurance physical activity. However, modern humans have become largely sedentary, with physical activity becoming a leisure-time pursuit for most. Whereas inactivity is a strong risk factor for disease, regular physical activity reduces the risk of chronic disease and mortality. Although substantial epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of exercise, comparatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms through which these effects operate. Genetic and genomic analyses have identified genetic variation associated with human performance and, together with recent proteomic, metabolomic and multi-omic analyses, are beginning to elucidate the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of physical activity on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Seung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew T Wheeler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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12
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Kiflom S, Enyew D, Ayalew A, Hailu A, Gebretensay M, Gebrehawerya G. Effect of aerobic exercise on physiological and left ventricular echocardiographic characteristics of non-athletic adult males in Northern Ethiopia. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:288-295. [PMID: 34275258 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.11951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular aerobic exercise can induce alterations in structural and hemodynamic physiology of the heart in both athletic and nonathletic populations. This is because due to cardiac adaptation to exercise improves cardiac workout capacity by increasing left ventricular function. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on blood pressure and left ventricular structural and myocardial function in Ethiopian non-athletic males. METHODS Twenty male adults (aged 19-23 years) were recruited and they were engaged in aerobic exercise training for 3 months (3days/week, 50-75%MHR). Selected participants underwent standard transthoracic doppler echocardiographic examinations before and after intervention of the exercise training. Collected data were analyzed through Paired Sample T test using IBM SPSS version 21 statistical software with significance level set at p<0.05. RESULTS Finding of the study indicated that significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed after exercise training (p<0.05). Improvement was recorded in PWT (7.4±0.94mm vs 7.95±0.61mm, p=0.017) and IVST (7.95±0.83mm vs 8.25±0.72mm, p=0.030) while significant reduction was recorded in LVIDS (33.85±0.99mm vs 32.45±2.04mm, p=0.002). Aerobic exercises also induced significant improvement on left ventricular myocardial function parameters (p<0.05) in end diastolic volume (95.8±8.4ml vs 100.45±11.42ml), stroke volume (52.55±7.12ml vs 58.15±11.18ml) and ejection fraction (54.73±4.11 vs 57.53±6.2). However, exercise didn't stimulate significant change in the internal diameter at end diastole (0.086), end systolic volume (p=0.173) and cardiac output (p=0.13). CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise induces structural and myocardial physiological changes within the left ventricle in Ethiopian non-athletic young adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saymon Kiflom
- Department of Sports Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia -
| | - Desta Enyew
- Department of Sports Science, Sports Science Academy, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Abinet Ayalew
- Department of Sports Science, Sports Science Academy, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia
| | - Abraha Hailu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.,Cardiac Catheterization Lab and Cardiology Unit, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mulay Gebretensay
- Department of Sports Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Guesh Gebrehawerya
- Department of Sports Science, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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13
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Chung GE, Park HE, Lee H, Kim MJ, Choi SY, Yim JY, Yoon JW. Sarcopenic Obesity Is Significantly Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:651961. [PMID: 33855037 PMCID: PMC8039284 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.651961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An association between sarcopenic obesity and cardiovascular disease has been suggested. We investigated the relationship between sarcopenia and coronary atherosclerosis, taking into account the presence or absence of obesity in a health check-up population. Methods: Data were reviewed for subjects who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and coronary calcium scoring (CAC) computed tomography between January 2017 and December 2018. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was assessed using BIA. Sarcopenia was defined as reduction of muscle mass and calculated as ASM% (ASM/body weight) more than two standard deviations below the sex-specific mean for healthy young adults. CAC scores were dichotomized as low (<100) or high (≥100). Results: Among 1,282 subjects (mean age, 58.1 years; 75.5% male), the prevalence of high CAC was 21%. When the study population was divided into four groups according to their obesity and sarcopenia status, the prevalence of high CAC in the sarcopenic-obesity (SO) group was significantly higher than in the other groups (40.7%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and creatinine, subjects with SO exhibited a significantly higher odds of a high CAC score, compared with the non-sarcopenic, non-obese group (odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.16–3.18, P = 0.011). Conclusion: SO was significantly associated with CAC, independent of known risk factors for coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that sarcopenia and obesity may potentiate each other to increase atherosclerotic burden in coronary arteries, which may eventually lead to adverse cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goh Eun Chung
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Eun Park
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Heesun Lee
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Choi
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Yim
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Yoon
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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The study of human variability became a passion. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:631-636. [PMID: 33649528 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00871-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Voorn EL, Koopman FS, Nollet F, Brehm MA. Individualized Aerobic Exercise in Neuromuscular Diseases: A Pilot Study on the Feasibility and Preliminary Effectiveness to Improve Physical Fitness. Phys Ther 2020; 101:6039324. [PMID: 33332538 PMCID: PMC7940713 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clear guidelines to prescribe aerobic exercise in neuromuscular diseases (NMD) are lacking, which hampers effective application in neuromuscular rehabilitation. This pilot study evaluated the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an individualized aerobic exercise program according to a recently developed training guide (B-FIT) to improve physical fitness in individuals with NMD. METHODS Thirty-one individuals who were ambulatory and had 15 different slowly progressive NMD participated in a 4-month, polarized, home-based, aerobic exercise program. The program included 2 low-intensity sessions and 1 high-intensity session per week. Feasibility outcomes were the following: completion rate, proportion of followed sessions, adverse events, and participant and therapist satisfaction based on a self-designed questionnaire. Submaximal incremental exercise tests were used to assess the effects on physical fitness. RESULTS Twenty-six participants (84%) completed the B-FIT program, and the proportion of followed sessions was >75%. Three adverse events were reported and resolved. Regarding satisfaction, participants (based on n = 9) reported feeling fitter, but training was considered insufficiently challenging. Physical therapists (n = 5) reported that B-FIT provides a clear, well-grounded guidance. They perceived the time investment for initiating the program and the carry-over to primary care as the main barriers. The mean (SD) submaximal heart rate (based on n = 20) reduced significantly by -6.5 beats per minute (95% CI = -11.8 to -1.2), from 121.7 (16.5) at baseline to 115.2 (14.3) after intervention. Submaximal ratings of perceived exertion, anaerobic threshold, and peak workload also improved significantly (P < .05). CONCLUSION The outcomes of this pilot study suggest that individualized aerobic exercise according to B-FIT is feasible and has potential to improve physical fitness in a wide variety of slowly progressive NMD. However, some barriers must be addressed before investigating the efficacy in a randomized controlled trial. IMPACT The outcomes of this study demonstrate the feasibility of individualized aerobic exercise according to the B-FIT training guide and the potential to improve physical fitness in NMD. Physical therapists indicated that the use of B-FIT provides a clear, well-grounded guidance. The training guide can support health care professionals in the application of aerobic exercise in adult neuromuscular rehabilitation. LAY SUMMARY Individualized exercise according to the B-FIT training guide is feasible in a wide variety of slowly progressive NMD and might help improve physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fieke S Koopman
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Frans Nollet
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands
| | - Merel-Anne Brehm
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, the Netherlands
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16
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De Cannière H, Smeets CJP, Schoutteten M, Varon C, Van Hoof C, Van Huffel S, Groenendaal W, Vandervoort P. Using Biosensors and Digital Biomarkers to Assess Response to Cardiac Rehabilitation: Observational Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17326. [PMID: 32432552 PMCID: PMC7270861 DOI: 10.2196/17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is known for its beneficial effects on functional capacity and is a key component within current cardiovascular disease management strategies. In addition, a larger increase in functional capacity is accompanied by better clinical outcomes. However, not all patients respond in a similar way to CR. Therefore, a patient-tailored approach to CR could open up the possibility to achieve an optimal increase in functional capacity in every patient. Before treatment can be optimized, the differences in response of patients in terms of cardiac adaptation to exercise should first be understood. In addition, digital biomarkers to steer CR need to be identified. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the difference in cardiac response between patients characterized by a clear improvement in functional capacity and patients showing only a minor improvement following CR therapy. METHODS A total of 129 patients in CR performed a 6-minute walking test (6MWT) at baseline and during four consecutive short-term follow-up tests while being equipped with a wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) device. The 6MWTs were used to evaluate functional capacity. Patients were divided into high- and low-response groups, based on the improvement in functional capacity during the CR program. Commonly used heart rate parameters and cardiac digital biomarkers representative of the heart rate behavior during the 6MWT and their evolution over time were investigated. RESULTS All participating patients improved in functional capacity throughout the CR program (P<.001). The heart rate parameters, which are commonly used in practice, evolved differently for both groups throughout CR. The peak heart rate (HRpeak) from patients in the high-response group increased significantly throughout CR, while no change was observed in the low-response group (F4,92=8.321, P<.001). Similar results were obtained for the recovery heart rate (HRrec) values, which increased significantly over time during every minute of recuperation, for the high-response group (HRrec1: P<.001, HRrec2: P<.001, HRrec3: P<.001, HRrec4: P<.001, and HRrec5: P=.02). The other digital biomarkers showed that the evolution of heart rate behavior during a standardized activity test differed throughout CR between both groups. These digital biomarkers, derived from the continuous measurements, contribute to more in-depth insight into the progression of patients' cardiac responses. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that when using wearable sensor technology, the differences in response of patients to CR can be characterized by means of commonly used heart rate parameters and digital biomarkers that are representative of cardiac response to exercise. These digital biomarkers, derived by innovative analysis techniques, allow for more in-depth insights into the cardiac response of cardiac patients during standardized activity. These results open up the possibility to optimized and more patient-tailored treatment strategies and to potentially improve CR outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène De Cannière
- Mobile Health Unit, Limburg Clinical Research Center (LCRC), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Christophe J P Smeets
- Mobile Health Unit, Limburg Clinical Research Center (LCRC), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Holst Centre, imec the Netherlands, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Schoutteten
- Mobile Health Unit, Limburg Clinical Research Center (LCRC), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Carolina Varon
- Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics (STADIUS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU (Katholieke Universiteit) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Circuits and Systems (CAS), Department of Microelectronics, Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), Delft, Netherlands
| | - Chris Van Hoof
- Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics (STADIUS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU (Katholieke Universiteit) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- imec vzw Belgium, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Van Huffel
- Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics (STADIUS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU (Katholieke Universiteit) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Pieter Vandervoort
- Mobile Health Unit, Limburg Clinical Research Center (LCRC), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University (UHasselt), Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Future Health, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
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17
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Acute Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Intermittent Physical Activity on Blood Pressure in Preadolescent Children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019; 31:408-415. [PMID: 30849931 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2018-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the acute effects of intermittent physical activity (PA) across 4 different intensities on blood pressure. METHODS Thirty children (12 males and 18 females; aged 7-11 y; 33% overweight/obese; 53% nonwhite) completed 4 experimental conditions in random order: 8 hours sitting interrupted with 20, 2-minute low-, moderate-, high-intensity PA breaks, or sedentary screen-time breaks. PA intensity corresponded with 25%, 50%, and 75% of heart rate reserve. Blood pressure was measured during each condition in the morning (0800 h), noon (1200 h), and afternoon (1600 h). RESULTS There were no significant differences across conditions for systolic blood pressure (SBP; all Ps > .05). There was a significant effect of time with SBP decreasing throughout the day for all conditions (average morning SBP: 106 [1] mm Hg, average noon SBP: 101 [2] mm Hg, average afternoon SBP: 103 [1] mm Hg; P = .01). There were no significant effects of condition or time on diastolic blood pressure (all Ps > .05). CONCLUSION While sedentary behavior is known to be associated with hypertension in both adults and children, a single bout of prolonged sitting may be insufficient to produce hypertensive effects in otherwise healthy children. Future research should examine the appropriate dose of intermittent PA to accrue hypotensive responses in preadolescent children.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular ageing and the atherosclerotic process begin very early in life, most likely in utero. They progress over decades of exposure to suboptimal or abnormal metabolic and hormonal risk factors, eventually culminating in very common, costly, and mostly preventable target-organ pathologies, including coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, aortic aneurysm, peripheral artery disease, and vascular dementia. In this Review, we discuss findings from preclinical and clinical studies showing that calorie restriction (CR), intermittent fasting, and adjusted diurnal rhythm of feeding, with adequate intake of specific macronutrients and micronutrients, are powerful interventions not only for the prevention of cardiovascular disease but also for slowing the accumulation of molecular damage leading to cardiometabolic dysfunction. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms through which a number of other nondietary interventions, such as regular physical activity, mindfulness-based stress-reduction exercises, and some CR-mimetic drugs that target pro-ageing pathways, can potentiate the beneficial effects of a healthy diet in promoting cardiometabolic health.
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van de Vegte YJ, Tegegne BS, Verweij N, Snieder H, van der Harst P. Genetics and the heart rate response to exercise. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2391-2409. [PMID: 30919020 PMCID: PMC6529381 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03079-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The acute heart rate response to exercise, i.e., heart rate increase during and heart rate recovery after exercise, has often been associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. The long-term response of heart rate to exercise results in favourable changes in chronotropic function, including decreased resting and submaximal heart rate as well as increased heart rate recovery. Both the acute and long-term heart rate response to exercise have been shown to be heritable. Advances in genetic analysis enable researchers to investigate this hereditary component to gain insights in possible molecular mechanisms underlying interindividual differences in the heart rate response to exercise. In this review, we comprehensively searched candidate gene, linkage, and genome-wide association studies that investigated the heart rate response to exercise. A total of ten genes were associated with the acute heart rate response to exercise in candidate gene studies. Only one gene (CHRM2), related to heart rate recovery, was replicated in recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Additional 17 candidate causal genes were identified for heart rate increase and 26 for heart rate recovery in these GWASs. Nine of these genes were associated with both acute increase and recovery of the heart rate during exercise. These genes can be broadly categorized into four categories: (1) development of the nervous system (CCDC141, PAX2, SOX5, and CAV2); (2) prolongation of neuronal life span (SYT10); (3) cardiac development (RNF220 and MCTP2); (4) cardiac rhythm (SCN10A and RGS6). Additional 10 genes were linked to long-term modification of the heart rate response to exercise, nine with heart rate increase and one with heart rate recovery. Follow-up will be essential to get functional insights in how candidate causal genes affect the heart rate response to exercise. Future work will be required to translate these findings to preventive and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordi J van de Vegte
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Balewgizie S Tegegne
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, 3511 GC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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20
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The influence of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D gene polymorphism on cardiovascular and muscular adaptations following 8 weeks of isometric handgrip training (IHG) in untrained normotensive males. Biol Sport 2019; 36:81-94. [PMID: 30899143 PMCID: PMC6413574 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2019.79975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the association between the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) I/D gene polymorphism and isometric handgrip (IHG) training on cardiovascular and muscular responses among normotensive males. Thirty (II = 10, ID = 10, and DD = 10) normotensive untrained males underwent IHG training at 30% of their maximal voluntary contraction 3 days per week for 8 weeks. Cardiovascular and muscular variables were measured before IHG, after a session of IHG and after 8 weeks of IHG. No significant interaction effect was found between ACE I/D genotype and IHG training session on all dependent variables (all p > 0.05). There was a significant main effect of IHG training session on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.002), mean arterial pressure (MAP) (p = 0.015) and handgrip strength (HGS) (p = 0.001) scores, while no difference in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse pressure, or heart rate scores was found. A greater improvement in cardiovascular parameters following 8 weeks of IHG training was observed in participants with the D allele than the I allele (SBP reduction: ID+DD genotype group (-5.53 ± 6.2 mmHg) vs. II genotype group (-1.52 ± 5.3 mmHg)); MAP reduction: ID + DD genotype group (-2.80 ± 4.5 mmHg) vs. II genotype group (-1.45 ± 3.5 mmHg). Eight weeks of IHG training improved cardiovascular and muscular performances of normotensive men. Reduction in SBP and MAP scores in D allele carriers compared to I allele carriers indicates that the ACE I/D polymorphism may have an influence on IHG training adaptation in a normotensive population.
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Cierpka-Kmieć K, Hering D. Tachycardia: The hidden cardiovascular risk factor in uncomplicated arterial hypertension. Cardiol J 2019; 27:857-867. [PMID: 30799548 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2019.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Early detection and management of elevated blood pressure is crucial in reducing the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The importance of an absolute risk assessment and patient risk stratification has been highlighted in the European hypertension guidelines since 2003. Amongst numerous risk factors influencing patient prognosis, elevated heart rate (HR) has been indicated as important predictor of future risk of hypertension, coronary heart disease, sudden cardiac death, heart failure, CVD, stroke, total cancer and mortality. Given that resting HR can be easily determined in clinical practice and modified by lifestyle changes as well as beta-blocker therapy, it seems reasonable that lowering resting HR should be a potential target to reduce disease burden and premature mortality. However, there is a lack of outcome studies of HR lowering in tachycardia-related hypertension. This review outlines the underlying mechanisms of early course hypertension pathophysiology with the critical role of the sympathetic nervous system activation, the prognostic significance of fast HR and the mechanistic rationale for the use of non-pharmacological approaches and/or highly long-acting cardioselective beta-blockers with some consideration given to betaxolol properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmara Hering
- Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Debinki 7, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland.
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22
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Postexercise Hypotension as a Predictor for Long-Term Training-Induced Blood Pressure Reduction: A Large-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Sport Med 2018; 28:509-515. [PMID: 29189337 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlation between acute exercise effects and chronic training effects on blood pressure (BP). DESIGN Randomized, controlled training study focusing on the optimization of preventive effects of physical training. SETTING The study was performed in a university department. PARTICIPANTS One hundred twenty-seven healthy, untrained subjects. INTERVENTION Subjects were divided into 4 groups: interval endurance training (IET) (n = 26, 4 × 4 min at 95% maximal heart rate), continuous endurance training (CET) (n = 23, 45 minutes at 60% heart rate reserve), strength endurance training (SET) (n = 40, 8 machine-based exercises, each 2 x 15 repetitions at the 20 repetition maximum), and control (CON) (n = 38). In the 3 training groups, subjects trained 3 times a week for 6 months, the CON group was asked to retain their sedentary lifestyle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The acute exercise effect on BP was defined as the change of BP after an exhaustive stage test, compared with baseline. The chronic training effect on BP was determined as the change of resting BP after the 6-month training period. RESULTS For CET, a significant correlation between acute and chronic effects on systolic (r = 0.66, P = 0.001) and diastolic (r = 0.66, P = 0.001) BP was observed. For SET, a significant correlation (r = 0.45, P = 0.007) was found only for diastolic BP. No significant correlations were found for IET. CONCLUSIONS It can be assumed that postexercise hypotension is an easy-to-use predictor for the efficacy of CET to reduce BP, and may be a valuable tool for physicians to individualize prescribed training schedules for patients to reduce cardiovascular risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov; ID: NCT01263522.
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Boyne P, Maloney T, DiFrancesco M, Fox MD, Awosika O, Aggarwal P, Woeste J, Jaroch L, Braswell D, Vannest J. Resting-state functional connectivity of subcortical locomotor centers explains variance in walking capacity. Hum Brain Mapp 2018; 39:4831-4843. [PMID: 30052301 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Walking capacity influences the quality of life and disability in normal aging and neurological disease, but the neural correlates remain unclear and subcortical locomotor regions identified in animals have been more challenging to assess in humans. Here we test whether resting-state functional MRI connectivity (rsFC) of midbrain and cerebellar locomotor regions (MLR and CLR) is associated with walking capacity among healthy adults. Using phenotypic and MRI data from the Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample (n =119, age 18-85), the association between walking capacity (6-min walk test distance) and rsFC was calculated from subcortical locomotor regions to 81 other gait-related regions of interest across the brain. Additional analyses assessed the independence and specificity of the results. Walking capacity was associated with higher rsFC between the MLR and superior frontal gyrus adjacent to the anterior cingulate cortex, higher rsFC between the MLR and paravermal cerebellum, and lower rsFC between the CLR and primary motor cortex foot area. These rsFC correlates were more strongly associated with walking capacity than phenotypic variables such as age, and together explained 25% of the variance in walking capacity. Results were specific to locomotor regions compared with the other brain regions. The rsFC of locomotor centers correlates with walking capacity among healthy adults. These locomotion-related biomarkers may prove useful in future work aimed at helping patients with reduced walking capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Boyne
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Thomas Maloney
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Mark DiFrancesco
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael D Fox
- Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Oluwole Awosika
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pushkar Aggarwal
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Woeste
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Laurel Jaroch
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Daniel Braswell
- Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, College of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jennifer Vannest
- Pediatric Neuroimaging Research Consortium, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Williamson PJ, Atkinson G, Batterham AM. Inter-Individual Responses of Maximal Oxygen Uptake to Exercise Training: A Critical Review. Sports Med 2018; 47:1501-1513. [PMID: 28097487 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0680-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been reported how to quantify inter-individual differences in the response to an exercise intervention using the standard deviation of the change scores, as well as how to appraise these differences for clinical relevance. In a parallel-group randomised controlled trial, the key trigger for further investigation into inter-individual responses is when the standard deviation of change in the intervention sample is substantially larger than the same standard deviation derived from a suitable comparator sample. 'True' and clinically relevant inter-individual differences in response can then be plausibly expected, and potential moderators and mediators of the inter-individual differences can be explored. We now aim to critically review the research on the inter-individual differences in response to exercise training, focusing on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). A literature search through the relevant bibliographic databases resulted in the identification of six relevant studies that were published prior to the influential HEalth, RIsk factors, exercise Training And GEnetics (HERITAGE) Family Study. Only one of these studies was found to include a comparator arm. Re-analysis of the data from this study, accounting for random within-subjects variation, revealed an absence of clinically important inter-individual differences in the response of VO2max to exercise training. The standard deviation of change was, in fact, larger (±5.6 mL/kg/min) for the comparator than the intervention group (±3.7 mL/kg/min). We located over 180 publications that resulted from the HERITAGE Family Study, but we could not find a comparator arm in any of these studies. Some authors did not explain this absence, while others reasoned that only inter-individual differences in exercise response were of interest, thus the intervention sample was investigated solely. We also found this absence of a comparator sample in on-going studies. A perceived high test-retest reliability is offered as a justification for the absence of a comparator arm, but the test-retest reliability analysis for the HERITAGE Family Study was over a much shorter term than the length of the actual training period between baseline and follow-up measurements of VO2max. We also scrutinised the studies in which twins have been investigated, resulting in concerns about how genetic influences on the magnitude of general within-subjects variability has been partitioned out (again in the absence of a comparator no-training group), as well as with the intra-class correlation coefficient approach to data analysis. Twin pairs were found to be sometimes heterogeneous for the obviously influential factors of sex, age and fitness, thereby inflating an unadjusted coefficient. We conclude that most studies on inter-individual differences in VO2max response to exercise training have no comparator sample. Therefore, true inter-individual differences in response cannot be quantified, let alone appraised for clinical relevance. For those studies with a comparator sample, we found that the inter-individual differences in training response were not larger than random within-subjects variation in VO2max over the same time period as the training intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Williamson
- Health and Social Care Institute, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Greg Atkinson
- Health and Social Care Institute, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
| | - Alan M Batterham
- Health and Social Care Institute, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
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Belozo FL, Katashima CK, Cordeiro AV, Lenhare L, Alves JF, Silva VRR. Effects of ninety minutes per week of continuous aerobic exercise on blood pressure in hypertensive obese humans. J Exerc Rehabil 2018; 14:126-132. [PMID: 29511663 PMCID: PMC5833957 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1835162.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of continuous aerobic training (CAT) in hypertensive, obese people. Seven patients of average age (45.3±3.9 years), height (1.63±0.1 m), body weight (89.09±22.0 kg), and body mass index (33.44±8.6 kg/m2) were subjected to the training. CAT was performed in thrice-weekly nonconsecutive sessions (90 min per week) with intervals of 48 hr between each session. The training sessions entailed 30 min of walking at an intensity of 70%–80% of the maximum heart rate (MHR) on a treadmill over a period of eight weeks, giving a total of 24 sessions. Through correlation analyses, we found significant improvement in the systolic pressure (R=0.5675, P=0.0253) and diastolic pressure (R=0.7083, P=0.0088) when the last session was compared to the first session of training. We found no differences in the diastolic pressure and systolic pressure before, during and after 15 min of the protocol exercise. The program showed a large effect size (ES) for systolic pressure (ES=0.85) and a small ES for diastolic pressure (ES=0.33). We found no differences in the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during and after the training of obese hypertensive humans, but we found a positively significant correlation between HR and BP in the last session and a large ES, suggesting that this protocol exercise might have significance effect in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Lovaglio Belozo
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Carlos K Katashima
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - André V Cordeiro
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil
| | - Luciene Lenhare
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jean F Alves
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ramon Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Applied Science, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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26
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Landram MJ, Utter AC, Baldari C, Guidetti L, McAnulty SR, Collier SR. Differential Effects of Continuous Versus Discontinuous Aerobic Training on Blood Pressure and Hemodynamics. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 32:97-104. [PMID: 27676274 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Landram, MJ, Utter, AC, Baldari, C, Guidetti, L, McAnulty, SR, and Collier, SR. Differential effects of continuous versus discontinuous aerobic training on blood pressure and hemodynamics. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 97-104, 2018-The purpose of this study was to compare the hemodynamic, arterial stiffness, and blood flow changes after 4 weeks of either continuous or discontinuous aerobic exercise in adults. Forty-seven subjects between the ages of 18 and 57 were recruited for 1 month of either continuous aerobic treadmill work for 30 minutes at 70% max heart rate or 3 bouts of 10 minutes of exercise at 70% of max heart rate with two 10 minutes break periods in between, totaling 30 minutes of aerobic work. After exercise, both continuous (CON) and discontinuous (DIS) groups demonstrated a significant improvement in maximal oxygen uptake (V[Combining Dot Above]O2max, CON 35.39 ± 1.99 to 38.19 ± 2.03; DIS 36.18 ± 1.82 to 39.33 ± 1.75), heart rate maximum (CON 183.5 ± 3.11 to 187.17 ± 3.06; DIS 179.06 ± 2.75 to 182 ± 2.61), decreases in systolic blood pressure (CON 119 ± 1.82 to 115.11 ± 1.50; DIS 117.44 ± 1.90 to 112.67 ± 1.66), diastolic blood pressure (CON 72.56 ± 1.65 to 70.56 ± 1.06; DIS 71.56 ± 1.59 to 69.56 ± 1.43), augmentation index (CON 17.17 ± 2.17 to 14.9 ± 1.92; DIS 19.71 ± 2.66 to 13.91 ± 2.46), central pulse wave velocity (CON 8.29 ± 0.32 to 6.92 ± 0.21; DIS 7.85 ± 0.30 to 6.83 ± 0.29), peripheral pulse wave velocity (CON 9.49 ± 0.35 to 7.72 ± 0.38; DIS 9.11 ± 0.37 to 7.58 ± 0.47), and significant increases in average forearm blood flow (CON 4.06 ± 0.12 to 4.34 ± 0.136; DIS 4.26 ± 0.18 to 4.53 ± 0.15), peak forearm blood flow (FBF) after reactive hyperemia (CON 28.45 ± 0.094 to 29.96 ± 0.45; DIS 29.29 ± 0.46 to 30.6 ± 0.38), area under the curve (AUC) of FBF (CON 28.65 ± 1.77 to 30.4 ± 1.08; DIS 30.52 ± 1.9 to 31.67 ± 1.44), and AUC peak FBF after reactive hyperemia (CON 222.3 ± 5.68 to 231.95 ± 4.42; DIS 230.81 ± 6.91 to 237.19 ± 5.39). These data suggest that for healthy people either 4 weeks of continuous or discontinuous aerobic training is effective in improving measures of fitness and vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Landram
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy.,Department of Health and Exercise Science, Vascular Biology and Autonomic Studies Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina.,Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, The University of Scranton, Scranton, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan C Utter
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Vascular Biology and Autonomic Studies Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
| | - Carlo Baldari
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Guidetti
- Department of Exercise Science and Sport, University of Rome "Foro Italico," Rome, Italy
| | - Steven R McAnulty
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Vascular Biology and Autonomic Studies Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
| | - Scott R Collier
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Vascular Biology and Autonomic Studies Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina
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Garcia K, Eisenmann JC, Bartee RT. Does a family history of coronary heart disease modify the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure in young adults? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:201-6. [PMID: 15179100 DOI: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000129736.77227.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between physical activity, a family history (FH) of coronary heart disease (CHD), and blood pressure (BP) in young adults. We were specifically interested in determining whether the relationship between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and BP was modified by a FH of CHD. METHODS Subjects were 230 (103 males, 127 females) university students. Family history was self-reported and habitual physical activity was assessed with a 3-day activity diary. Indicators of habitual physical activity included estimated daily energy expenditure (EE) and EE in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) [median metabolic equivalent (MET) > or =4.8] and inactivity (IA) (MET<2.8). Blood pressure was measured by an automated device according to standard procedures. RESULTS A large proportion of the sample (63% of males and 68% of females) reported a FH of CHD. In general, correlations between physical activity and BP were low (r<0.30), but in the expected direction (i.e., positive for IA and negative for MVPA and EE). In males IA was significantly related to BP (r =0.25-0.29), but MVPA was not significantly related to BP (r= -0.01 to -0.16). In females diastolic BP was significantly related to IA (r= -0.21) and total EE (r= -0.18). Total EE was significantly correlated to DBP (r= -0.22) in males and to mean arterial pressure (r= -0.18) in females. No significant differences in BP were found between subjects with or without a FH of CHD. Slightly stronger correlations emerged between MVPA and BP for subjects with a negative FH of CHD compared to those with a positive FH of CHD. CONCLUSION These data show a significant association between sedentary behavior and blood pressure in young adults. It is suggestive that the magnitude of the relationship between MVPA and BP may be modified by a FH of CHD. Thus, individuals with a FH of CHD may not be as responsive to increased levels of MVPA compared to those without a FH of CHD.
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28
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Bashiri J. The Effect of Regular Aerobic Exercise and Garlic Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure in Inactive Subjects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/zjrms961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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29
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Scharhag-Rosenberger F, Kuehl R, Klassen O, Schommer K, Schmidt ME, Ulrich CM, Wiskemann J, Steindorf K. Exercise training intensity prescription in breast cancer survivors: validity of current practice and specific recommendations. J Cancer Surviv 2015; 9:612-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11764-015-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Bakkum AJT, de Groot S, Stolwijk-Swüste JM, van Kuppevelt DJ, van der Woude LHV, Janssen TWJ. Effects of hybrid cycling versus handcycling on wheelchair-specific fitness and physical activity in people with long-term spinal cord injury: a 16-week randomized controlled trial. Spinal Cord 2015; 53:395-401. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2014.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Singhal V, de Lourdes Eguiguren M, Eisenbach L, Clarke H, Slattery M, Eddy K, Ackerman KE, Misra M. Body composition, hemodynamic, and biochemical parameters of young female normal-weight oligo-amenorrheic and eumenorrheic athletes and nonathletes. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2014; 65:264-71. [PMID: 25376841 DOI: 10.1159/000366024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Low-weight hypogonadal conditions such as anorexia nervosa are associated with marked changes in body composition, hemodynamic and hematological parameters, and liver enzymes. The impact of athletic activity in normal-weight adolescents with/without amenorrhea on these parameters has not been assessed. Our aim was to examine these parameters in normal-weight athletes and nonathletes and determine any associations with body composition, oligo-amenorrhea, and exercise intensity. METHODS We assessed vital signs, complete blood counts, liver enzymes, and regional body composition in 43 oligo-amenorrheic athletes (OAA), 24 eumenorrheic athletes (EA), and 23 nonathletes aged 14-21 years. RESULTS The BMI was lower in OAA than in EA. Systolic and pulse pressure and temperature were lowest in OAA. Blood counts did not differ among groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was higher in both groups of athletes, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was higher in OAA than in EA and nonathletes. Total and regional fat were lower in OAA than in other groups, and these factors were associated positively with heart rate and inversely with liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Athletic activity is associated with higher AST levels, whereas menstrual dysfunction is associated with lower total and regional fat and higher ALT levels. Higher liver enzymes are associated with reductions in total and regional fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibha Singhal
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA
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32
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O'Hartaigh B, Pahor M, Buford TW, Dodson JA, Forman DE, Gill TM. Physical activity and resting pulse rate in older adults: findings from a randomized controlled trial. Am Heart J 2014; 168:597-604. [PMID: 25262271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated resting pulse rate (RPR) is a well-recognized risk factor for adverse outcomes. Epidemiological evidence supports the beneficial effects of regular exercise for lowering RPR, but studies are mainly confined to persons younger than 65 years. We set out to evaluate the utility of a physical activity (PA) intervention for slowing RPR among older adults. METHODS A total of 424 seniors (ages 70-89 years) were randomized to a moderate intensity PA intervention or an education-based "successful aging" health program. Resting pulse rate was assessed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Longitudinal differences in RPR were evaluated between treatment groups using generalized estimating equation models, reporting unstandardized β coefficients with robust SEs. RESULTS Increased frequency and duration of aerobic training were observed for the PA group at 6 and 12 months as compared with the successful aging group (P < .001). In both groups, RPR remained unchanged over the course of the 12-month study period (P = .67). No significant improvement was observed (β [SE] = 0.58 [0.88]; P = .51) for RPR when treatment groups were compared using the generalized estimating equation method. Comparable results were found after omitting participants with a pacemaker, cardiac arrhythmia, or who were receiving β-blockers. CONCLUSIONS Twelve months of moderate intensity aerobic training did not improve RPR among older adults. Additional studies are needed to determine whether PA of longer duration and/or greater intensity can slow RPR in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríain O'Hartaigh
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY; Department of Internal Medicine/Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Marco Pahor
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - John A Dodson
- Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thomas M Gill
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section of Geriatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Individual responses to completion of short-term and chronic interval training: a retrospective study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97638. [PMID: 24847797 PMCID: PMC4029621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), heart rate (HR), and fat oxidation occur in response to chronic endurance training. However, many studies report frequent incidence of “non-responders” who do not adapt to continuous moderate exercise. Whether this is the case in response to high intensity interval training (HIT), which elicits similar adaptations as endurance training, is unknown. The aim of this retrospective study was to examine individual responses to two paradigms of interval training. In the first study (study 1), twenty active men and women (age and baseline VO2max = 24.0±4.6 yr and 42.8±4.8 mL/kg/min) performed 6 d of sprint interval training (SIT) consisting of 4–6 Wingate tests per day, while in a separate study (study 2), 20 sedentary women (age and baseline VO2max = 23.7±6.2 yr and 30.0±4.9 mL/kg/min) performed 12 wk of high-volume HIT at workloads ranging from 60–90% maximal workload. Individual changes in VO2max, HR, and fat oxidation were examined in each study, and multiple regression analysis was used to identify predictors of training adaptations to SIT and HIT. Data showed high frequency of increased VO2max (95%) and attenuated exercise HR (85%) in response to HIT, and low frequency of response for VO2max (65%) and exercise HR (55%) via SIT. Frequency of improved fat oxidation was similar (60–65%) across regimens. Only one participant across both interventions showed non-response for all variables. Baseline values of VO2max, exercise HR, respiratory exchange ratio, and body fat were significant predictors of adaptations to interval training. Frequency of positive responses to interval training seems to be greater in response to prolonged, higher volume interval training compared to similar durations of endurance training.
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Pérusse L, Rankinen T, Hagberg JM, Loos RJF, Roth SM, Sarzynski MA, Wolfarth B, Bouchard C. Advances in exercise, fitness, and performance genomics in 2012. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014; 45:824-31. [PMID: 23470294 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e31828b28a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A small number of excellent articles on exercise genomics issues were published in 2012. A new PYGM knock-in mouse model will provide opportunities to investigate the exercise intolerance and very low activity level of people with McArdle disease. New reports on variants in ACTN3 and ACE have increased the level of uncertainty regarding their true role in skeletal muscle metabolism and strength traits. The evidence continues to accumulate on the positive effects of regular physical activity on body mass index or adiposity in individuals at risk of obesity as assessed by their FTO genotype or by the number of risk alleles they carry at multiple obesity-susceptibility loci. The serum levels of triglycerides and the risk of hypertriglyceridemia were shown to be influenced by the interactions between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NOS3 gene and physical activity level. Allelic variation at nine SNPs was shown to account for the heritable component of the changes in submaximal exercise heart rate induced by the HERITAGE Family Study exercise program. SNPs at the RBPMS, YWHAQ, and CREB1 loci were found to be particularly strong predictors of the changes in submaximal exercise heart rate. The 2012 review ends with comments on the importance of relying more on experimental data, the urgency of identifying panels of genomic predictors of the response to regular exercise and particularly of adverse responses, and the exciting opportunities offered by recent advances in our understanding of the global architecture of the human genome as reported by the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Bouchard C, Rankinen T, Timmons JA. Genomics and genetics in the biology of adaptation to exercise. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1603-48. [PMID: 23733655 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This article is devoted to the role of genetic variation and gene-exercise interactions in the biology of adaptation to exercise. There is evidence from genetic epidemiology research that DNA sequence differences contribute to human variation in physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness in the untrained state, cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute exercise, and responsiveness to regular exercise. Methodological and technological advances have made it possible to undertake the molecular dissection of the genetic component of complex, multifactorial traits, such as those of interest to exercise biology, in terms of tissue expression profile, genes, and allelic variants. The evidence from animal models and human studies is considered. Data on candidate genes, genome-wide linkage results, genome-wide association findings, expression arrays, and combinations of these approaches are reviewed. Combining transcriptomic and genomic technologies has been shown to be more powerful as evidenced by the development of a recent molecular predictor of the ability to increase VO2max with exercise training. For exercise as a behavior and physiological fitness as a state to be major players in public health policies will require that the role of human individuality and the influence of DNA sequence differences be understood. Likewise, progress in the use of exercise in therapeutic medicine will depend to a large extent on our ability to identify the favorable responders for given physiological properties to a given exercise regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA.
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A comparison of methods for quantifying training load: relationships between modelled and actual training responses. Eur J Appl Physiol 2013; 114:11-20. [PMID: 24104194 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-013-2745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the validity of methods for quantifying training load, fitness and fatigue in endurance athletes using a mathematical model. METHODS Seven trained runners (VO2max: 51.7 ± 4.5 mL kg(-1) min(-1), age: 38.6 ± 9.4 years, mean ± SD) completed 15 weeks of endurance running training. Training sessions were assessed using a heart rate (HR), running pace and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Training dose was calculated using the session-RPE method, Banisters TRIMP and the running training stress score (rTSS). Weekly running performance (1,500-m time trial), fitness (submaximal HR, resting HR) and fatigue [profile of mood states, heart rate variability (HRV)] were measured. A mathematical model was applied to the training data from each runner to provide individual estimates of performance, fitness and fatigue. Correlations assessed the relationships between the modelled and actual weekly performance, fitness and fatigue measures within each runner. RESULTS Training resulted in 5.4 ± 2.6 % improvement in 1,500-m performance. Modelled performance was correlated with actual performance in each subject, with relationships being r = 0.70 ± 0.11, 0.60 ± 0.10 and 0.65 ± 0.13 for the rTSS, session-RPE and TRIMP input methods, respectively. There were moderate correlations between modelled and actual fitness (submaximal HR) for the session-RPE (-0.43 ± 0.37) and TRIMP (-0.48 ± 0.39) methods and moderate-to-large correlations between modelled and actual fatigue measured through HRV indices for both session-RPE (-0.48 ± 0.39) and TRIMP (-0.59 ± 0.31) methods. CONCLUSIONS These findings showed that each of the training load methods investigated are appropriate for quantifying endurance training dose and that submaximal HR and HRV may be useful for monitoring fitness and fatigue, respectively.
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Park SH, Park JH, Park HY, Jang HJ, Kim HK, Park J, Shin KJ, Lee JG, Moon YS. Additional role of sarcopenia to waist circumference in predicting the odds of metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2013; 33:668-72. [PMID: 24074549 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS It is unclear whether sarcopenia contributes to the prediction of metabolic dysregulations in addition to that predicted by waist circumference. METHODS Subjects consisted of 6832 adult participants in the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, grouped into categories of waist circumference (normal vs. high). Sarcopenia was assessed by appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by weight. RESULTS In the normal waist circumference category, the risk of metabolic syndrome was nearly 3.5-fold higher in sarcopenic men (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.67-6.90) than in those without sarcopenia. For the high waist circumference category, the risk of metabolic syndrome was 2.5-fold higher in sarcopenic women (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.66-3.40) than in those without sarcopenia. The corresponding risk was also higher in sarcopenic men (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.11-2.94) than in those without sarcopenia. With the exception in men with high waist circumference category, adjustments for other potential confounders did not substantially affect the results. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by weight as a continuous variable was also associated with metabolic syndrome in men (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.35-0.44) and women (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.48-0.60). CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia is associated with metabolic syndrome in men with normal waist circumference and women with high waist circumference. Our results emphasize that sarcopenia may contribute additionally to the risk of metabolic abnormalities beyond what is predicted by the abdominal obesity category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ha Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hee Park
- Armed Forces Nursing Academy, Daejon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, #1435, Jwa-dong, Haeundae-gu, Busan 612-030, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hang Jea Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinse Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Jin Shin
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Donath L, Faude O, Roth R, Zahner L. Effects of stair-climbing on balance, gait, strength, resting heart rate, and submaximal endurance in healthy seniors. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2013; 24:e93-101. [PMID: 24033611 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Stair-climbing serves as a feasible opportunity to remain physically active within everyday-life. Data on neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory performance after regular stair-climbing in seniors are scarce. Forty-eight seniors were stratified to a one- (taking every step, INT1) or two-step strategy (every second step, INT2) or a control group (CON). Thirty-nine seniors [females: n = 22, males: n = 17; age: 70.5 (SD 5.1) years; BMI: 25.8 (3.1) kg/m(2)] completed the 8-week intervention (three weekly sessions). Before and after the intervention, balance, gait, strength, and submaximal endurance (at different intensities) were assessed. Maximal strength and explosive power did not improve significantly (0.10 < P < 0.78). Resting heart rate was significantly reduced in INT2 (-8/min) compared with INT1 (0/min, P = 0.02) and CON (0/min, P = 0.03). Compared with CON, perceived exertion for all intensities (0.007 < P < 0.03) and submaximal exercise heart rate during moderate uphill walking significantly decreased (-11/min; P < 0.05) in INT2. Step counts for forward beam balancing (4.5 cm width) increased in INT2 (P = 0.007) compared with CON. With more pronounced effects in INT2, stair-climbing significantly improved resting and exercise heart rates, perceived exertion, and dynamic balance performance in healthy seniors and may contribute to better overall fitness, reduced fall risk, and less perceived strain during daily life activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Donath
- Institute of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Park SH, Park JH, Song PS, Kim DK, Kim KH, Seol SH, Kim HK, Jang HJ, Lee JG, Park HY, Park J, Shin KJ, Kim DI, Moon YS. Sarcopenic obesity as an independent risk factor of hypertension. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 7:420-5. [PMID: 23910010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Low muscle mass has been associated with arterial stiffness. The aim of the study was to determine whether sarcopenic obesity is associated with hypertension. Subjects consisted of 6832 adults who participated in the 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were classified as normal, sarcopenic, obese, or sarcopenic-obese based on the following measures: waist circumference and appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by weight (ASM/Wt). The sarcopenic-obese group had systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels that were ≈12 mm Hg and 5 mm Hg higher, respectively, than those in the normal group. Compared with the normal group, the odds ratio (OR) of having hypertension for the sarcopenic, obese, and sarcopenic-obese groups were 2.48 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.89-6.16), 3.15 (95% CI, 2.76-3.59), and 6.42 (95% CI, 4.85-8.48) times higher, respectively. When waist circumference and ASM/Wt were used as continuous variables in the same regression model, ASM/Wt was a significant predictor of hypertension (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89-0.98). Sarcopenic obesity is associated with hypertension, while low muscle mass is also correlated with hypertension, independent of abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity and sarcopenia may potentiate each other to induce hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ha Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Park
- Military Nursing Research Center, Armed Forces Nursing Academy, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Pil Sang Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Kie Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Seol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Kuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hang Jea Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jung Goo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ha Young Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jinse Park
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyong Jin Shin
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Doo il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
| | - Young Soo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Haeundae Paik-Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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High-intensity intermittent exercise and cardiovascular and autonomic function. Clin Auton Res 2012; 23:57-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10286-012-0179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Magnan RE, Kwan BM, Bryan AD. Effects of current physical activity on affective response to exercise: physical and social-cognitive mechanisms. Psychol Health 2012; 28:418-33. [PMID: 23088712 PMCID: PMC3593984 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2012.733704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Affective responses during exercise are often important determinants of exercise initiation and maintenance. Current physical activity may be one individual difference that is associated with the degree to which individuals have positive (or negative) affective experiences during exercise. The objective of this study was to explore physical and cognitive explanations of the relationship between current activity status (more versus less active) and affective response during a 30-minute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. Participants reported their current level of physical activity, exercise self-efficacy and affect during a 30-minute bout of moderate-intensity exercise. More active individuals experienced higher levels of positive affect and tranquillity and lower levels of negative affect and fatigue during exercise. Multivariate models for each affective state indicated separate processes through which physical activity may be associated with changes in affect during exercise. These models indicate that affect experienced during physical activity is related to the current activity level and these relationships can be partially explained by the physical and cognitive factors explored in this study. Recommendations for future research to elucidate whether positive affective response to physical activity improves as a function of becoming more active over time are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E. Magnan
- Washington State University Vancouver, Department of Psychology, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Vancouver, WA 98686
| | - Bethany M. Kwan
- University of Colorado Denver, Colorado Health Outcomes Program, Mail Stop F443, 13199 E. Montview Blvd, Aurora, CO 80045-7199,
| | - Angela D. Bryan
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345,
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Rankinen T, Sung YJ, Sarzynski MA, Rice TK, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Heritability of submaximal exercise heart rate response to exercise training is accounted for by nine SNPs. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 112:892-7. [PMID: 22174390 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01287.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endurance training-induced changes in hemodynamic traits are heritable. However, few genes associated with heart rate training responses have been identified. The purpose of our study was to perform a genome-wide association study to uncover DNA sequence variants associated with submaximal exercise heart rate training responses in the HERITAGE Family Study. Heart rate was measured during steady-state exercise at 50 W (HR50) on 2 separate days before and after a 20-wk endurance training program in 483 white subjects from 99 families. Illumina HumanCNV370-Quad v3.0 BeadChips were genotyped using the Illumina BeadStation 500GX platform. After quality control procedures, 320,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were available for the genome-wide association study analyses, which were performed using the MERLIN software package (single-SNP analyses and conditional heritability tests) and standard regression models (multivariate analyses). The strongest associations for HR50 training response adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and baseline HR50 were detected with SNPs at the YWHAQ locus on chromosome 2p25 (P = 8.1 × 10(-7)), the RBPMS locus on chromosome 8p12 (P = 3.8 × 10(-6)), and the CREB1 locus on chromosome 2q34 (P = 1.6 × 10(-5)). In addition, 37 other SNPs showed P values <9.9 × 10(-5). After removal of redundant SNPs, the 10 most significant SNPs explained 35.9% of the ΔHR50 variance in a multivariate regression model. Conditional heritability tests showed that nine of these SNPs (all intragenic) accounted for 100% of the ΔHR50 heritability. Our results indicate that SNPs in nine genes related to cardiomyocyte and neuronal functions, as well as cardiac memory formation, fully account for the heritability of the submaximal heart rate training response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd., Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA.
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Fine mapping of a QTL on chromosome 13 for submaximal exercise capacity training response: the HERITAGE Family Study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:2969-78. [PMID: 22170014 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Although regular exercise improves submaximal aerobic capacity, there is large variability in its response to exercise training. While this variation is thought to be partly due to genetic differences, relatively little is known about the causal genes. Submaximal aerobic capacity traits in the current report include the responses of oxygen consumption (ΔVO(2)60), power output (ΔWORK60), and cardiac output (ΔQ60) at 60% of VO2max to a standardized 20-week endurance exercise training program. Genome-wide linkage analysis in 475 HERITAGE Family Study Caucasians identified a locus on chromosome 13q for ΔVO(2)60 (LOD = 3.11). Follow-up fine mapping involved a dense marker panel of over 1,800 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a 7.9-Mb region (21.1-29.1 Mb from p-terminus). Single-SNP analyses found 14 SNPs moderately associated with both ΔVO(2)60 at P ≤ 0.005 and the correlated traits of ΔWORK60 and ΔQ60 at P < 0.05. Haplotype analyses provided several strong signals (P < 1.0 × 10(-5)) for ΔVO(2)60. Overall, association analyses narrowed the target region and included potential biological candidate genes (MIPEP and SGCG). Consistent with maximal heritability estimates of 23%, up to 20% of the phenotypic variance in ΔVO(2)60 was accounted for by these SNPs. These results implicate candidate genes on chromosome 13q12 for the ability to improve submaximal exercise capacity in response to regular exercise. Submaximal exercise at 60% of maximal capacity is an exercise intensity that falls well within the range recommended in the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and thus has potential public health relevance.
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Martinez DG, Nicolau JC, Lage RL, Toschi-Dias E, de Matos LD, Alves MJN, Trombetta IC, Dias da Silva VJ, Middlekauff HR, Negrão CE, Rondon MU. Effects of Long-Term Exercise Training on Autonomic Control in Myocardial Infarction Patients. Hypertension 2011; 58:1049-56. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.176644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Autonomic dysfunction, including baroreceptor attenuation and sympathetic activation, has been reported in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and has been associated with increased mortality. We tested the hypotheses that exercise training (ET) in post-MI patients would normalize arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and long-term ET would maintain the benefits in BRS and MSNA. Twenty-eight patients after 1 month of uncomplicated MI were randomly assigned to 2 groups, ET (MI-ET) and untrained. A normal control group was also studied. ET consisted of three 60-minute exercise sessions per week for 6 months. We evaluated MSNA (microneurography), blood pressure (automatic oscillometric method), heart rate (ECG), and spectral analysis of RR interval, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), and MSNA. Baroreflex gain of SAP-RR interval and SAP-MSNA were calculated using the α-index. At 3 to 5 days and 1 month after MI, MSNA and low-frequency SAP were significantly higher and BRS significantly lower in MI patients when compared with the normal control group. ET significantly decreased MSNA (bursts per 100 heartbeats) and the low-frequency component of SAP and significantly increased the low-frequency component of MSNA and BRS of the RR interval and MSNA. These changes were so marked that the differences between patients with MI and the normal control group were no longer observed after ET. MSNA and BRS in the MI-untrained group did not change from baseline over the same time period. ET normalizes BRS, low-frequency SAP, and MSNA in patients with MI. These improvements in autonomic control are maintained by long-term ET. These findings highlight the clinical importance of this nonpharmacological therapy based on ET in the long-term treatment of patients with MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Martinez
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - José C. Nicolau
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rony L. Lage
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Toschi-Dias
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana D.N.J. de Matos
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Janieire N.N. Alves
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivani C. Trombetta
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valdo J. Dias da Silva
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Holly R. Middlekauff
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Negrão
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria U.P.B. Rondon
- From the Heart Institute (InCor) (D.G.M., J.C.N., R.L.L., E.T.-D., L.D.N.J.d.M., M.J.N.N.A., I.C.T., C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil; School of Medicine (V.J.D.d.S.), Federal University of the Triangulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Division of Cardiology (H.R.M.), David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA; School of Physical Education and Sports (C.E.N., M.U.P.B.R.), University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Katayama K, Ishida K, Iwamoto E, Iemitsu M, Koike T, Saito M. Hypoxia augments muscle sympathetic neural response to leg cycling. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R456-64. [PMID: 21593431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00119.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It was demonstrated that acute hypoxia increased muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) by using a microneurographic method at rest, but its effects on dynamic leg exercise are unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify changes in MSNA during dynamic leg exercise in hypoxia. To estimate peak oxygen uptake (Vo(2 peak)), two maximal exercise tests were conducted using a cycle ergometer in a semirecumbent position in normoxia [inspired oxygen fraction (Fi(O(2)) = 0.209] and hypoxia (Fi(O(2)) = 0.127). The subjects performed four submaximal exercise tests; two were MSNA trials in normoxia and hypoxia, and two were hematological trials under each condition. In the submaximal exercise test, the subjects completed two 15-min exercises at 40% and 60% of their individual Vo(2 peak) in normoxia and hypoxia. During the MSNA trials, MSNA was recorded via microneurography of the right median nerve at the elbow. During the hematological trials, the subjects performed the same exercise protocol as during the MSNA trials, but venous blood samples were obtained from the antecubital vein to assess plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentrations. MSNA increased at 40% Vo(2 peak) exercise in hypoxia, but not in normoxia. Plasma NE concentrations did not increase at 40% Vo(2 peak) exercise in hypoxia. MSNA at 40% and 60% Vo(2 peak) exercise were higher in hypoxia than in normoxia. These results suggest that acute hypoxia augments muscle sympathetic neural activation during dynamic leg exercise at mild and moderate intensities. They also suggest that the MSNA response during dynamic exercise in hypoxia could be different from the change in plasma NE concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisho Katayama
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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Bouchard C, Sarzynski MA, Rice TK, Kraus WE, Church TS, Sung YJ, Rao DC, Rankinen T. Genomic predictors of the maximal O₂ uptake response to standardized exercise training programs. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 110:1160-70. [PMID: 21183627 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00973.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful predictor of morbidity and cardiovascular mortality. In 473 sedentary adults, all whites, from 99 families of the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training, and Genetics (HERITAGE) Family Study, the heritability of gains in maximal O(2) uptake (VO(2max)) after exposure to a standardized 20-wk exercise program was estimated at 47%. A genome-wide association study based on 324,611 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was undertaken to identify SNPs associated with improvements in VO(2max) Based on single-SNP analysis, 39 SNPs were associated with the gains with P < 1.5 × 10(-4). Stepwise multiple regression analysis of the 39 SNPs identified a panel of 21 SNPs that accounted for 49% of the variance in VO(2max) trainability. Subjects who carried ≤9 favorable alleles at these 21 SNPs improved their VO(2max) by 221 ml/min, whereas those who carried ≥19 of these alleles gained, on average, 604 ml/min. The strongest association was with rs6552828, located in the acyl-CoA synthase long-chain member 1 (ACSL1) gene, which accounted by itself for ~6% of the training response of VO(2max). The genes nearest to the SNPs that were the strongest predictors were PR domain-containing 1 with ZNF domain (PRDM1); glutamate receptor, ionotropic, N-methyl-D-aspartate 3A (GRIN3A); K(+) channel, voltage gated, subfamily H, member 8 (KCNH8); and zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 4 (ZIC4). The association with the SNP nearest to ZIC4 was replicated in 40- to 65-yr-old, sedentary, overweight, and dyslipidemic subjects trained in Studies of a Targeted Risk Reduction Intervention Through Defined Exercise (STRRIDE; n = 183). Two SNPs were replicated in sedentary obese white women exercise trained in the Dose Response to Exercise (DREW) study (n = 112): rs1956197 near dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis 1 (DAAM1) and rs17117533 in the vicinity of necdin (NDN). The association of SNPs rs884736 in the calmodulin-binding transcription activator 1 (CAMTA1) locus and rs17581162 ~68 kb upstream from regulator of G protein signaling 18 (RGS18) with the gains in VO(2max) in HERITAGE whites were replicated in HERITAGE blacks (n = 247). These genomic predictors of the response of Vo(2max) to regular exercise provide new targets for the study of the biology of fitness and its adaptation to regular exercise. Large-scale replication studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Bouchard
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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Rankinen T, Argyropoulos G, Rice T, Rao DC, Bouchard C. CREB1 is a strong genetic predictor of the variation in exercise heart rate response to regular exercise: the HERITAGE Family Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 3:294-9. [PMID: 20407090 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.109.925644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genome-wide linkage scan identified a quantitative trait locus for exercise training-induced changes in submaximal exercise (50 W) heart rate (DeltaHR50) on chromosome 2q33.3-q34 in the HERITAGE Family Study (n=472). METHODS AND RESULTS To fine-map the region, 1450 tag SNPs were genotyped between 205 and 215 Mb on chromosome 2. The strongest evidence of association with DeltaHR50 was observed with 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 5' region of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) gene (rs2253206: P=1.6x10(-5) and rs2360969: P=4.3x10(-5)). The associations remained significant (P=0.01 and P=0.023, respectively) after accounting for multiple testing. Regression modeling of the 39 most significant SNPs in the single-SNP analysis identified 9 SNPs that collectively explained 20% of the DeltaHR50 variance. CREB1 SNP rs2253206 had the strongest effect (5.45% of variance), followed by SNPs in the FASTKD2 (3.1%), MAP2 (2.6%), SPAG16 (2.1%), ERBB4 (3 SNPs approximately 1.4% each), IKZF2 (1.4%), and PARD3B (1.0%) loci. In conditional linkage analysis, 6 SNPs from the final regression model (CREB1, FASTKD2, MAP2, ERBB4, IKZF2, and PARD3B) accounted for the original linkage signal: The log of the odds score dropped from 2.10 to 0.41 after adjusting for all 6 SNPs. Functional studies revealed that the common allele of rs2253206 exhibits significantly (P<0.05) lower promoter activity than the minor allele. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that functional DNA sequence variation in the CREB1 locus is strongly associated with DeltaHR50 and explains a considerable proportion of the quantitative trait locus variance. However, at least 5 additional SNPs seem to be required to fully account for the original linkage signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Rankinen
- Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808-4124, USA.
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Johnson ST, Bell GJ, McCargar LJ, Welsh RS, Bell RC. Improved cardiovascular health following a progressive walking and dietary intervention for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009; 11:836-43. [PMID: 19614943 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2009.01050.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the impact of two different lifestyle programmes on cardiovascular health and glycaemic control among people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A two-phase 24-week randomized trial. During the first phase, participants were to increase daily steps using a pedometer. At week 12, participants were randomly allocated to either an enhanced lifestyle programme (ELP) targeting walking speed or a basic lifestyle programme (BLP) targeting total daily steps. Both programmes focused on increasing the intake of low glycaemic index foods but utilized different goal setting strategies. Clinical measurements were completed at baseline, week 12 and week 24. Principal outcomes were change in resting pulse rate (PR) and glycated haemoglobin A1c (A1c) between week 12 and week 24 compared between groups using analysis of covariance. RESULTS Forty-one participants [mean +/- s.d. : age = 56.5 +/- 7.2 years, body mass index (BMI) = 32.7 +/- 6.1 kg/m(2)] were randomized. After 12 weeks, we observed an increase in average total daily steps of 1688 (95% confidence interval: 330-3040, [corrected] p = 0.02). Weight, BMI and systolic and diastolic blood pressure improved (p < 0.01 for all). No changes were observed for energy intake. At week 24, those in the ELP had a lower resting PR (71 +/- 12 b.p.m.) compared with those in the BLP (78 +/- 12 b.p.m.) (adjusted p = 0.03), while no group differences for total daily steps or glycaemic control were observed. CONCLUSIONS Improvements in cardiovascular health can be expected following a pedometer-based lifestyle modification programme that progresses from walking more to walking faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Johnson
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Borresen J, Ian Lambert M. The Quantification of Training Load, the Training Response and the Effect on Performance. Sports Med 2009; 39:779-95. [DOI: 10.2165/11317780-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLC) are important for the prevention and management of, as well as adjuncts to, pharmacotherapy of hypertension. This article reviews relevant TLC and their effects on blood pressure (BP) levels, with emphasis on exercise and dietary habits. Regular, moderate-intensity (40%-70% of heart rate reserve) aerobic exercise training for 30 to 60 minutes, 3 to 5 times per week, can lower systolic and diastolic BP levels, with a greater reduction observed in patients with hypertension compared with those with normal BP levels. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, with a moderate intake of fat-free or low-fat dairy products, and low in saturated and total fat, sodium, and alcohol, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension eating pattern, also significantly reduces BP levels. A TLC program including regular exercise and dietary modifications along with weight management appears to result in a greater BP reduction than either intervention alone. TLC can also significantly reduce other risk factors for cardiovascular disease commonly accompanying hypertension. Multiple mechanisms appear to contribute to BP reduction by dietary intervention (reduced weight, sodium, and alcohol and increased calcium, potassium, and magnesium). For exercise, these include improvements in arterial endothelial function and compliance, left ventricular structure and function, and perhaps vascular blood supply with increased cardiorespiratory endurance. The available evidence is robust in support of TLC for management of elevated BP and for the primary prevention of hypertension, supporting the recommendations by the Joint National Committee Seventh Report on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf G. Bronas
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,
| | - Arthur S. Leon
- Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene and Exercise Science, School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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