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Kim IH, Eom T, Park JY, Kim HJ, Nam TJ. Dichloromethane fractions of Calystegia soldanella induce S‑phase arrest and apoptosis in HT‑29 human colorectal cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2021; 25:60. [PMID: 34935054 PMCID: PMC8767546 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calystegia soldanella is a halophyte and a perennial herb that grows on coastal sand dunes worldwide. Extracts from this plant have been previously revealed to have a variety of bioactive properties in humans. However, their effects on colorectal cancer cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, the potential biological activity of C. soldanella extracts in the colorectal cancer cell line HT-29 was examined. First, five solvent fractions [n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water] were obtained from the crude extracts of C. soldanella through an organic solvent extraction method. In particular, the DCM fraction was demonstrated to exert marked dose- and time-dependent inhibitory effects according to results from the cell viability assay. Data obtained from the apoptosis assay suggested that the inhibition of HT-29 cell viability induced by DCM treatment was attributed to increased apoptosis. The apoptotic rate was markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the protein expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, including increased Fas, Bad and Bax, and decreased pro-caspase-8, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, pro-caspase-9, pro-caspase-7 and pro-caspase-3. A mitochondrial membrane potential assay demonstrated that more cells became depolarized and the extent of cytochrome c release was markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner in HT-29 cells treated with DCM. In addition, cell cycle analysis confirmed S-phase arrest following DCM fraction treatment, which was associated with decreased protein expression levels of cell cycle-related proteins, such as cyclin A, CDK2, cell division cycle 25 A and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1. Based on these results, the present study suggested that the DCM fraction of the C. soldanella extract can inhibit HT-29 cell viability whilst inducing apoptosis through mitochondrial membrane potential regulation and S-phase arrest. These results also suggested that the DCM fraction has potential anticancer activity in HT-29 colorectal cells. Further research on the composition of the DCM fraction is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hye Kim
- Future Fisheries Food Research Center, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekil Eom
- Future Fisheries Food Research Center, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joo Kim
- Future Fisheries Food Research Center, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Future Fisheries Food Research Center, Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
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Calystegia soldanella Extract Exerts Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects via the Regulation of the NF-κB/Nrf-2 Pathways in Mouse Macrophages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10101639. [PMID: 34679773 PMCID: PMC8533082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant polyphenols are widely used to treat various inflammatory diseases, owing to their ability to suppress reactive oxygen species production and the expression of inflammatory cytokines. Herein, we investigated phenolic compounds from Calystegia soldanella using UPLC Q-TOF MS/MS and their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities were analyzed. The C. soldanella ethyl acetate fraction (CsEF) had the strongest antioxidative activity, given its high polyphenol compound content. It also exhibited anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as NO, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated mouse macrophages. CsEF activated the nuclear transcription factor Nrf-2, thereby upregulating antioxidant enzymes such as HO-1 and NQO-1 and inhibiting NF-κB expression, which in turn, suppressed the expression of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines, ultimately exerting anti-inflammatory effects. Further, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was used to analyze the polyphenol compound contents in CsEF. The quercetin glycosides isoquercitrin and quercitrin were the primary flavonoid compounds, while the caffeic acid derivatives, chlorogenic acid and dicaffeoylquinic acid, were the primary phenolic acids. Thus, C. soldanella, which had only a limited use thus far as a medicinal plant, may serve as a natural medicinal resource for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Wu C, Zhao J, Chen Y, Li T, Zhu R, Zhu B, Zhang Y. Tangeretin protects human brain microvascular endothelial cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4883-4891. [PMID: 30260010 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Tangeretin, a citrus flavonoid extracted from the peel of citrus fruits, was reported to possess antiasthmatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, the effect of tangeretin on human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) has not been examined. This study was designed to investigate the protective effects of tangeretin on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced injury of HBMECs, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that tangeretin improved HBMECs viability in response to OGD. In addition, tangeretin was able to increase the activity of superoxide dismutase and decrease the levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as ameliorate cell apoptosis in OGD-stimulated HBMECs. Mechanistic studies showed that tangeretin prevented the activation of JNK signaling pathway in OGD-stimulated HBMECs. Taken together, our current study demonstrated that tangeretin could ameliorate OGD-induced HBMECs injury through the JNK signaling pathway. Thus, tangeretin might be used as a therapeutic strategy for ischemia-reperfusion brain injury and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ruiming Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Baihui Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Youran Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Lee JI, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Crude extract and solvent fractions of Calystegia soldanella induce G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle in HepG2 cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:414-420. [PMID: 28101580 PMCID: PMC5238786 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The representative halophyte Calystegia soldanella (L) Roem. et Schult is a perennial vine herb that grows in coastal dunes throughout South Korea as well as in other regions around the world. This plant has long been used as an edible and medicinal herb to cure rheumatic arthritis, sore throat, dropsy, and scurvy. Some studies have also shown that this plant species exhibits various biological activities. However, there are few studies on cytotoxicity induced by C. soldanella treatment in HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we investigated the viability of HepG2 cells following treatment with crude extracts and four solvent-partitioned fractions of C. soldanella. Of the crude extract and four solvent fractions tested, treatment with the 85% aqueous methanol (aq. MeOH) fraction resulted in the greatest inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation. Flow cytometry showed that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction induced a G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle progression. The 85% aq. MeOH fraction arrested HepG2 cells at the G0/G1 phase in a concentration-dependent manner, and resulted in decreased expression of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)2, CDK4, CDK6, p21, and p27. Additionally, the 85% aq. MeOH fraction treatment also arrested HepG2 cells in the S phase, with decreased expression of cyclin A, CDK2, and CDC25A. Also, treatment with this fraction reduced the expression of retinoblastoma (RB) protein and the transcription factor E2F. These results suggest that the 85% aq. MeOH fraction exhibits potential anticancer activity in HepG2 cells by inducing G0/G1 and S phase arrest of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Pukyong National University, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Lee JI, Kim IH, Choi YH, Kim EY, Nam TJ. PTP1B Inhibitory Effect of Alkyl p-Coumarates from Calystegia soldanella. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, the PTP1B inhibitory effect of Calystegia soldanella was investigated. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the crude extracts revealed that the n-hexane fraction had the strongest PTP1B inhibitory effect. Nine known alkyl p-coumarates were isolated from the n-hexane fraction, and each compound was evaluated for its effect on PTP1B. All compounds effectively inhibited PTP1B activity. The IC50 values of the compounds were 3 (10.8 μg/mL) > 2 (15.5 μg/mL) > 7 (26.6 μg/mL) > 1 (37.0 μg/mL) > 8 (41.2 μg/mL) > 9 (43.4 μg/mL) > 5 (44.7 μg/mL) > 4 (>50 μg/mL) > 6 (>50 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Im Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyoung National University, Ilgwang-ro, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyoung National University, Ilgwang-ro, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyoung National University, Ilgwang-ro, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyoung National University, Ilgwang-ro, Ilgwang-myeon, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
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Kim MH, Jang JH, Oh MH, Heo JH, Lee MW. The comparison of DPPH-scavenging capacity and anti-inflammatory effects of phenolic compounds isolated from the stems of Stewartia koreana Nakai. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1409-12. [PMID: 24749670 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.905560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Stewartia koreana Nakai (SK) had been used in oriental traditional medicine as a remedy for acute gastroenteritis, liver diseases, quadriplegia and pain. The antioxidant activity guided isolation 80% methyl extract from stems of SK yielded eight phenolic compounds. We evaluated the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds via assays of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydazyl (DPPH) radicals and inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results demonstrated that syringaresinol (6) exhibited significant DPPH radical-scavenging activity and inhibitory effects on NO production compared with its positive controls, ascorbic acid and L-NMMA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh Heun Kim
- a College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University , Seoul 156-756 , South Korea
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Kondratyuk TP, Park EJ, Yu R, van Breemen RB, Asolkar RN, Murphy BT, Fenical W, Pezzuto JM. Novel marine phenazines as potential cancer chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory agents. Mar Drugs 2012; 10:451-464. [PMID: 22412812 PMCID: PMC3297008 DOI: 10.3390/md10020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new (1 and 2) and one known phenazine derivative (lavanducyanin, 3) were isolated and identified from the fermentation broth of a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. (strain CNS284). In mammalian cell culture studies, compounds 1, 2 and 3 inhibited TNF-α-induced NFκB activity (IC50 values of 4.1, 24.2, and 16.3 μM, respectively) and LPS-induced nitric oxide production (IC50 values of >48.6, 15.1, and 8.0 μM, respectively). PGE2 production was blocked with greater efficacy (IC50 values of 7.5, 0.89, and 0.63 μM, respectively), possibly due to inhibition of cyclooxygenases in addition to the expression of COX-2. Treatment of cultured HL-60 cells led to dose-dependent accumulation in the subG1 compartment of the cell cycle, as a result of apoptosis. These data provide greater insight on the biological potential of phenazine derivatives, and some guidance on how various substituents may alter potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/isolation & purification
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/metabolism
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/chemistry
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/isolation & purification
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/metabolism
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/chemistry
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/isolation & purification
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/metabolism
- Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Aquatic Organisms/metabolism
- Cell Line, Transformed
- Drug Discovery
- Fermentation
- G1 Phase/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Phenazines/chemistry
- Phenazines/isolation & purification
- Phenazines/metabolism
- Phenazines/pharmacology
- Streptomyces/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara P. Kondratyuk
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (T.P.K.); (E.-J.P.)
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (T.P.K.); (E.-J.P.)
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.Y.); (R.B.B.); (B.T.M.)
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.Y.); (R.B.B.); (B.T.M.)
| | - Ratnakar N. Asolkar
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (R.N.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Brian T. Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (R.Y.); (R.B.B.); (B.T.M.)
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (R.N.A.); (W.F.)
| | - William Fenical
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; (R.N.A.); (W.F.)
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; (T.P.K.); (E.-J.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-808-933-2909; Fax: +1-808-933-2981
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Kondratyuk TP, Park EJ, Marler LE, Ahn S, Yuan Y, Choi Y, Yu R, van Breemen RB, Sun B, Hoshino J, Cushman M, Jermihov KC, Mesecar AD, Grubbs CJ, Pezzuto JM. Resveratrol derivatives as promising chemopreventive agents with improved potency and selectivity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1249-65. [PMID: 21714126 PMCID: PMC4135049 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Despite scores of investigations, the actual impact of resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) on human health, as a dietary component or supplement, remains moot. This is due to many factors, such as relatively low potency, pleiotropic mechanisms, and rapid metabolism. Nonetheless, as a promiscuous molecule that interacts with numerous targets, resveratrol can be viewed as a scaffold for designing structural relatives potentially capable of mediating more intense responses with greater mechanistic stringency. METHODS AND RESULTS We currently report the synthesis and biological evaluation of 92 stilbene analogs. The compounds were tested with in vitro assays for activation of quinone reductase 1, inhibition of quinone reductase 2, nitric oxide production, aromatase, NFκB, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ornithine decarboxylase, or cyclooxygenase-1 and -2, quenching of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical, interaction with estrogen receptors, and as antiproliferative agents. Several compounds were found to mediate responses with much greater potency than resveratrol; some mediated pleiotropic responses, as is the case with the parent molecule, but others were highly specific or totally inactive. When administered to rats, higher serum concentrations and greater stability was demonstrated with prototype lead molecules. CONCLUSION Owing to structural simplicity, facile syntheses are available for large-scale production. These data support the promise of more advanced development of novel resveratrol derivatives as drug entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Laura E. Marler
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Soyoun Ahn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Yongsoo Choi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Juma Hoshino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Katherine C. Jermihov
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Andrew D. Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Clinton J. Grubbs
- Department of Surgery, Chemoprevention Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
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Schupp PJ, Kohlert-Schupp C, Whitefield S, Engemann A, Rohde S, Hemscheidt T, Pezzuto JM, Kondratyuk TP, Park EJ, Marler L, Rostama B, Wright AD. Cancer Chemopreventive and Anticancer Evaluation of Extracts and Fractions from Marine Macro- and Microorganisms Collected from Twilight Zone Waters around Guam[1]. Nat Prod Commun 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0900401222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer chemopreventive and cytotoxic properties of 50 extracts derived from Twilight Zone (50–150 m) sponges, gorgonians and associated bacteria, together with 15 extracts from shallow water hard corals, as well as 16 fractions derived from the methanol solubles of the Twilight Zone sponge Suberea sp, were assessed in a series of bioassays. These assays included: Induction of quinone reductase (QR), inhibition of TNF-α activated nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), inhibition of aromatase, interaction with retinoid X receptor (RXR), inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, inhibition 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging (DPPH), and inhibition of HL-60 and MCF-7 cell proliferation. The results of these assays showed that at least 10 extracts and five fractions inhibited NFκB by greater than 60%, two extracts and two fractions inhibited DPPH by more than 50%, nine extracts and two fractions affected the survival of HL-60 cells, no extracts or fractions affected RXR, three extracts and six fractions affected quinone reductase (QR), three extracts and 12 fractions significantly inhibited aromatase, four extracts and five fractions inhibited nitric oxide synthase, and one extract and no fractions inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells by more than 95%. These data revealed the tested samples to have many and varied activities, making them, as shown with the extract of the Suberea species, useful starting points for further fractionation and purification. Moreover, the large number of samples demonstrating activity in only one or sometimes two assays accentuates the potential of the Twilight Zone, as a largely unexplored habitat, for the discovery of selectively bioactive compounds. The overall high hit rate in many of the employed assays is considered to be a significant finding in terms of “normal” hit rates associated with similar samples from shallower depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Schupp
- Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | | | | | - Anna Engemann
- Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923
| | - Sven Rohde
- Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam 96923
| | | | - John M. Pezzuto
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
| | - Tamara P. Kondratyuk
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Laura Marler
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Bahman Rostama
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
| | - Anthony D. Wright
- College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, 34 Rainbow Drive, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA
- Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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11
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Lee TH, Lee GW, Kim CW, Bang MH, Baek NI, Kim SH, Chung DK, Kim J. Stewartia koreana
extract stimulates proliferation and migration of human endothelial cells and induces neovasculization in vivo. Phytother Res 2009; 24:20-5. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Kim JS, Kim JC, Shim SH, Lee EJ, Jin W, Bae K, Son KH, Kim HP, Kang SS, Chang HW. Chemical constituents of the root of Dystaenia takeshimana and their anti-inflammatory activity. Arch Pharm Res 2006; 29:617-23. [PMID: 16964755 DOI: 10.1007/bf02968244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In our ongoing search for bioactive compounds originating from the endemic species in Korea, we found that the hexane and EtOAc fractions of the MeOH extract from the root of Dystaenia takeshimana (Nakai) Kitagawa (Umbelliferae) showed cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) dual inhibitory activity by assessing their effects on the production of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4) in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. By activity-guided fractionation, five coumarins, viz. psoralen (2), xanthotoxin (3), scopoletin (4), umbelliferone (5), and (+)-marmesin (6), together with beta-sitosterol (1), were isolated from the hexane fraction, and two phenethyl alcohol derivatives, viz. 2-methoxy-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol (7) and 2-hydroxy-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol (8), three flavonoids, viz. apigenin (9), luteolin (10), and cynaroside (11), as well as daucosterol (12) were isolated from the EtOAc fraction using silica gel column chromatography. In addition, D-mannitol (13) was isolated from the BuOH fraction by recrystallization. Two of the coumarins, scopoletin (4) and (+)-marmesin (6), the two phenethyl alcohol derivatives (7, 8) and the three flavonoids (9-11) were isolated for the first time from this plant. Among the compounds isolated from this plant, the five coumarins as well as the three flavonoids showed COX-2/5-LOX dual inhibitory activity. These results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of D. takeshimana might in part occur via the inhibition of the generation of eicosanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Sun Kim
- Natural Products Research Institute and College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-460, Korea
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13
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Neuro-bioenergetic concepts in cancer prevention and treatment. Med Hypotheses 2006; 68:832-43. [PMID: 17069985 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains one of the most difficult and elusive disorders to prevent and treat, despite great efforts in research and treatment over the last 30 years. Researchers have tried to understand the pathogenesis of cancer by discovering the single cellular mechanism or pathway derived from a genetic mutation. There are limited efforts made toward discovering a unified concept of cancer. We propose a neuro-bioenergetic concept of cancer pathogenesis based on the central mechanism of cellular hyperexcitability via inducible overexpression of voltage-gated ion channels, ligand-gated channels and neurotransmitters. Exploration of this concept could lead to a better understanding of the cause of cancer as well as developing more effective and specific strategies toward cancer prevention and treatment.
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