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Nassereddine H, Charpentier C, Bucau M, Joly V, Bienvenu L, Davitian C, Abramowitz L, Benabderrahmane D, Kotelevets L, Chastre E, Lehy T, Walker F. Interest of cytology combined with Xpert ® HPV and Anyplex ® II HPV28 Detection human papillomavirus (HPV) typing: differential profiles of anal and cervical HPV lesions in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med 2018; 19:698-707. [PMID: 30062761 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to assess the interest to combine cytological examination and human papillomavirus (HPV) typing of anal and cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) smears of HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), to evaluate whether differences in prevalence exist between anal and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in patients with high-risk oncogenic HPV infection. METHODS Anal and/or cervical Pap smears were obtained by anoscopy and/or colposcopy in 238 subjects recruited consecutively in 2015: anal smears were obtained from 48 male and female patients [42 men; 35 men who have sex with men (MSM)] and cervical smears from 190 female patients. Cytological Bethesda classification was coupled with HPV typing. HPV typing was performed, on the same smears, using the Xpert® HPV Assay, which detects only high-risk HPV (hrHPV), and the Anyplex® II HPV28 Detection assay, which detects hrHPV and low-risk (lr) HPV. RESULTS Our data showed clear-cut differences between the anal and cervical samples. Compared with the cervical samples, the anal samples exhibited (1) more numerous cytological lesions, which were histologically proven; (2) a higher hrHPV infection prevalence; (3) a higher prevalence of multiple hrHPV coinfections whatever HPV typing kit was used; (4) a predominance of HPV16 and HPV18/45 types. Overall, there was an almost perfect agreement between the two HPV typing assays (absolute agreement = 90.3%). CONCLUSIONS Co-testing consisting of cytology and HPV typing is a useful screening tool in the HIV-infected population on cART. It allows detection of prevalence differences between anal and cervical HPV-related lesions. As recently recommended, anal examination should be regularly performed especially in HIV-infected MSM but also in HIV-infected women with genital hrHPV lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nassereddine
- Pathology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Charpentier
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Virology Laboratory, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Bucau
- Pathology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - V Joly
- IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Sorbonne Paris Cité, AP-HP, Infectious diseases Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, AP-HP, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - L Bienvenu
- Pathology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - C Davitian
- Gynecology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - L Abramowitz
- Proctology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - D Benabderrahmane
- Proctology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
| | - L Kotelevets
- INSERM U1149, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
| | - E Chastre
- INSERM U1149, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
| | - T Lehy
- Pathology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.,INSERM U1149, Faculté de Médecine, Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation, Paris, France
| | - F Walker
- Pathology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France.,Proctology Department, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France
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Cantley RL, Gabrielli E, Montebelli F, Cimbaluk D, Gattuso P, Petruzzelli G. Ancillary studies in determining human papillomavirus status of squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: a review. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2011; 2011:138469. [PMID: 21772959 PMCID: PMC3137958 DOI: 10.4061/2011/138469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity and pharynx represents the sixth most common form of malignancy worldwide. A significant proportion of these cases are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In general, HPV-associated SCC is more commonly nonkeratinizing and poorly differentiated, whereas non-HPV-associated SCC is typically keratinizing and moderately differentiated. Nevertheless, significant overlap in morphology is seen between these two forms of SCC. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the utility of ancillary studies in the establishment of HPV status of oropharyngeal SCC, including p16 immunohistochemistry, high-risk HPV in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and newer HPV detection modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Cantley
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, 1850 W. Harrison Street, 570 Jelke Building, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Smith JS, Melendy A, Rana RK, Pimenta JM. Age-specific prevalence of infection with human papillomavirus in females: a global review. J Adolesc Health 2008; 43:S5-25, S25.e1-41. [PMID: 18809145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Global data on age-specific prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection overall, and for high-risk HPV types 16 and 18, are essential for the future implementation of HPV prophylactic vaccines for cervical cancer prevention. METHODS A systematic review of peer-reviewed publications was conducted to summarize worldwide data on genital HPV-DNA prevalence in women. Studies with clear descriptions of polymerase chain reaction or hybrid capture detection assays were included. RESULTS A total of 346,160 women were included in 375 studies. Of 134 studies with age-stratified HPV prevalence data (116 low sexual risk populations, 18 high sexual risk populations), over 50% were from Europe and the Middle East (38%) and North America (19%), with smaller proportions from Asia and Australia (21%), Central and South America (11%), and Africa (10%). Across all geographical regions, data on HPV prevalence were generally limited to women over 18 years of age. Consistently across studies, HPV infection prevalence decreased with increasing age from a peak prevalence in younger women (< or =25 years of age). In middle-aged women (35-50 years), maximum HPV prevalence differed across geographical regions: Africa (approximately 20%), Asia/Australia (approximately 15%), Central and South America (approximately 20%), North America (approximately 20%), Southern Europe/Middle East (approximately 15%), and Northern Europe (approximately 15%). Inconsistent trends in HPV prevalence by age were noted in older women, with a decrease or plateau of HPV prevalence in older ages in most studies, whereas others showed an increase of HPV prevalence in older ages. Similar trends of HPV 16 and/or 18 prevalence by age were noted among 12 populations with available data. DISCUSSION Genital HPV infection in women is predominantly acquired in adolescence, and peak prevalence in middle-aged women appears to differ across geographical regions. Worldwide variations in HPV prevalence across age appear to largely reflect differences in sexual behavior across geographical regions. Further studies of HPV prevalence in adolescents are needed for all geographic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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Walker F, Adle-Biassette H, Madelenat P, Hénin D, Lehy T. Increased apoptosis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with HIV infection: implication of oncogenic human papillomavirus, caspases, and Langerhans cells. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:2451-8. [PMID: 15814619 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-1795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increasing risk of squamous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) exits in HIV-infected women. However, the relatively low incidence of invasive carcinoma in the untreated HIV-infected population suggests an imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. We investigated apoptosis and caspases in cervical samples from this population comparatively to non-HIV-infected and control subjects. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Apoptotic terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling method, immunohistochemistry for caspase-2, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and other apoptosis markers were done on 12 normal cervical samples and 103 low- and high-grade cervical lesions, containing human papillomavirus(es) from 35 HIV-negative and 33 HIV-positive women before tritherapy advent. RESULTS (a) The apoptotic index (AI) in epithelial cells did not vary between normal mucosa and condyloma acuminata infected or not with HIV. (b) AI augmented with the CIN severity in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. (c) AI dramatically increased in oncogenic human papillomavirus-infected CIN of HIV-positive population compared with the CIN of similar grade in HIV-negative one. This was associated with a greater expression of caspase-8, active caspase-9, and active caspase-3 in those samples. Moreover, densities of Langerhans' cells, involved in apoptotic bodies engulfment, were greatly reduced in CIN of HIV-positive women. In samples, these densities were highly inversely correlated with AI (r = -0.88, P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence for the strongly enhanced apoptosis levels and caspase expression in CIN of untreated HIV-infected women. We suggest that the reduction in Langerhans' cell number could contribute at least partly to apoptotic cell accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Walker
- Department of Pathology, INSERM LL683, IFR2 Physiologie et Pathophysiologie, Paris, France.
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Sobhani I, Vuagnat A, Walker F, Vissuzaine C, Mirin B, Hervatin F, Marmuse JP, Crémieux AC, Carbon C, Henin D, Lehy T, Mignon M. Prevalence of high-grade dysplasia and cancer in the anal canal in human papillomavirus-infected individuals. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:857-66. [PMID: 11231940 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.22446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The incidence of anal cancer is higher in patients with anal canal condyloma, a sexually transmitted disease, than in the general population. We determined the prevalence of anal dysplasia and cancer in patients with anal canal condyloma with respect to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, immunity status, and human papillomavirus types. METHODS In 174 consecutive patients (114 HIV positive, 60 HIV negative) with anal canal condyloma, lesions were cured, and the patients were then followed up prospectively. Langerhans cells (LCs) in normal anal mucosa were quantified, and viruses (Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human simplex virus 1, and various human papillomavirus [HPV] types) were characterized on inclusion. During follow-up (median 26 months), relapsed condylomas were resected and examined histologically. HIV load and CD4 T-lymphocyte counts in serum were determined at each visit. RESULTS Several factors differed significantly between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients: LCs/mm anal tissue (15 vs. 30), oncogenic HPV (27% vs. 13%), other current anal infections (44% vs. 0%), and sex ratio (93% vs. 73% male). During follow-up, condylomas relapsed in 75% of the HIV-positive patients, with 19 high-grade dysplasias (HGDs) and 1 invasive carcinoma, but in only 6% of HIV-negative patients, with 1 HGD. Male sex, HIV positivity, and <15 LCs/mm tissue were independent risk factors for condyloma relapse. HIV positivity, HGD before inclusion, and condyloma relapse were independent risk factors for HGD and cancer. Serum HIV load was associated with relapse, whereas CD4 T-lymphocyte counts were not. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HGD and carcinoma is higher in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative patients, probably because of HPV activity. HIV-positive patients with high serum HIV load and/or a history of anal dysplasia should be examined by anoscopy, and condylomas should be analyzed histologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sobhani
- Department of Coloproctology, Hôpital Bichat Claude-Bernard, Paris, France.
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Ardeleanu C, Gugliotta P, Butur G, Ceausu M, Halalau F. Detection of human papillomaviruses in lesions of the uterine cervix. J Cell Mol Med 2001; 5:96-7. [PMID: 12067456 PMCID: PMC6737769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2001.tb00143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Ardeleanu
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101, Spl. Independentei, Bucharest, Romania.
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Daraï E, Walker-Combrouze F, Bénifla JL, Hénin D, Feldmann G, Madelenat P, Scoazec JY. E-Cadherin and CD44 expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: comparison between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women and correlation with HPV status. Gynecol Oncol 2000; 76:56-62. [PMID: 10620442 DOI: 10.1006/gyno.1999.5656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We aimed to compare the expression patterns of E-cadherin and CD44 isoforms in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) between patients with or without infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS An immunohistochemical analysis using the monoclonal antibody HECD-1 against E-cadherin and the monoclonal antibodies 2C5, binding to CD44s and all the variants encoded by exons 3 to 10, 3G5, specific for CD44v3 and 2F10, and specific for CD44v6, was performed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of 138 CIN (74 from HIV-negative and 64 from HIV-positive patients). RESULTS In HIV-negative patients, the mean percentages (+/-SD) of E-cadherin-positive cells in CIN of grades I, II, and III were, respectively, 33% +/- 4, 63% +/- 5, and 91% +/- 9. The difference was statistically significant between the three groups of tumors (P < 0.0001). In HIV-negative patients, the mean percentages (+/-SD) of CD44-positive cells in CIN of grades I, II, and III were, respectively, 37% +/- 7, 57% +/- 8, and 90% +/- 11. The difference was statistically significant between the three groups of tumors (P < 0.0001). No difference in E-cadherin and CD44 expressions was noted between HIV+ and HIV- women. Further analysis showed no relation between E-cadherin or CD44 expression and the HPV status and CD4 T cell serum levels. CONCLUSION Our study confirms that alterations in E-cadherin and CD44 expression in CIN depend on the histological grade but suggest nondirect involvement and are not related to HIV and immune status.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Daraï
- Service de Gynecologie, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris
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Li Vigni R, Bianchi UA, Carosi G, Lomini M, Falchetti M, Callea F, Pecorelli S. Successful application of indirect in-situ polymerase chain reaction to tissues fixed in Bouin's solution. Histopathology 1999; 35:134-43. [PMID: 10460658 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2559.1999.00698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the value of polymerase chain reaction-in situ hybridization (PCR-ISH) for the detection of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in paraffin sections of cervical biopsies fixed either in 10% formalin or in Bouin's solution. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 40 biopsies from Italian women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV 1). In-situ hybridization techniques were performed with commercial biotinylated probes. The PCR-ISH was carried out by the 'hot start modification'. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was found in 23 of 40 patients (57. 5%); eight cases showed condylomatous features. Human papillomavirus was detected in 42.5% by ISH and in 65% by PCR-ISH. Sixty-nine per cent of positive biopsies contained HPV 16, 18, 31 and 33. HPV 6 and 11 were found only in condylomata acuminata samples. CONCLUSIONS The results point to a high incidence of HPV infection as well as of CIN in HIV-positive patients. Human papillomavirus type 16 appears to be most frequently associated with CIN. Polymerase chain reaction-ISH is more sensitive than ISH in the detection and typing of HPV DNA both in clinical and in 'latent' infections. The two techniques yielded the same results with either formalin- or Bouin's-fixed material.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Li Vigni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Brescia, Italy
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Fazel N, Wilczynski S, Lowe L, Su LD. Clinical, histopathologic, and molecular aspects of cutaneous human papillomavirus infections. Dermatol Clin 1999; 17:521-36, viii. [PMID: 10410856 DOI: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70105-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses comprise a large family of double stranded DNA viruses that are the etiologic agents of benign warts and anogenital cancers. At least 82 different human papillomavirus types have been identified and many remain yet uncharacterized. The development of new molecular techniques in recent years has led to an increased understanding of human papillomaviruses and their roles in carcinogenesis. Several clinicopathologic entities arising from human papillomavirus infection encountered by the dermatologist are the subject of the article. The epidemiology, molecular biology, clinical presentation, histologic findings, and treatment of each disorder, where applicable, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fazel
- Department of Pathology and Dermatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA
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Walker FM, Dazza MC, Dauge MC, Boucher O, Bedel C, Henin D, Lehy T. Detection and localization by in situ molecular biology techniques and immunohistochemistry of hepatitis C virus in livers of chronically infected patients. J Histochem Cytochem 1998; 46:653-60. [PMID: 9562573 DOI: 10.1177/002215549804600510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) detection in the livers of chronically infected patients remains a debatable issue. We used immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization (ISH) alone or after microwave heating with FITC-labeled probes, RT-PCR with unlabeled primers followed by ISH (RT-PCR-ISH), and in situ RT-PCR with FITC-labeled primers (in situ RT-PCRd) to localize the virus in 38 liver biopsy specimens from 21 chronically infected HCV patients treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha). Biopsies were taken at the beginning and end of IFN-alpha treatment and 1 year later. Results were compared with that of HCV-PCR in serum. RT-PCR-ISH and in situ RT-PCRd showed HCV signal in all liver biopsies even in responders with seronegative HCV PCR. This signal was intranuclear, diffuse, or peripheral, in hepatocytes, bile ductule cells, and lymphocytes. Cytoplasmic signals were occasionally observed. Whereas the percentage of labeled hepatocytes remained constant, the number of labeled lymphoid follicles decreased after INF-alpha therapy. Immunohistochemistry resulted in the same pattern of positivity but it was weaker and inconstant. This study indicates the persistency of HCV latency in IFN-alpha responders 1 year after IFN-alpha treatment cessation, a finding that certainly deserves confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Walker
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
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Majewski S, Jablonska S. Human papillomavirus-associated tumors of the skin and mucosa. J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 36:659-85; quiz 686-8. [PMID: 9146528 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(97)80315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses diseases of the lower genital tract in which the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is well documented. We discuss epidemiologic, clinical, and experimental data supporting a causative role for HPV in mucosal malignancies, with emphasis on the role of viral and host factors in their pathogenesis. Of special interest is the recently discovered association of cutaneous tumors with HPVs, previously known only for tumors in epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). The frequent detection of EV-specific or EV-related HPVs in immunosuppressed persons and in cutaneous tumors in the general population supports the importance of EV as a model of cutaneous oncogenesis. We also discuss recent serologic findings based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results with the use of viruslike particles. This is important both for detection of present or past HPV infection and for epidemiologic and immunologic studies. Novel therapeutic modalities for HPV tumors and prospects for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Majewski
- Department of Dermatology, Warsaw School of Medicine, Poland
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