1
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Tian J, Du E, Guo L. Mitochondrial Interaction with Serotonin in Neurobiology and Its Implication in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:1165-1177. [PMID: 38025801 PMCID: PMC10657725 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe brain pathologies and progressive cognitive decline. While the exact cause of this disease remains unknown, emerging evidence suggests that dysregulation of neurotransmitters contributes to the development of AD pathology and symptoms. Serotonin, a critical neurotransmitter in the brain, plays a pivotal role in regulating various brain processes and is implicated in neurological and psychiatric disorders, including AD. Recent studies have shed light on the interplay between mitochondrial function and serotonin regulation in brain physiology. In AD, there is a deficiency of serotonin, along with impairments in mitochondrial function, particularly in serotoninergic neurons. Additionally, altered activity of mitochondrial enzymes, such as monoamine oxidase, may contribute to serotonin dysregulation in AD. Understanding the intricate relationship between mitochondria and serotonin provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of AD and identifies potential therapeutic targets to restore serotonin homeostasis and alleviate AD symptoms. This review summarizes the recent advancements in unraveling the connection between brain mitochondria and serotonin, emphasizing their significance in AD pathogenesis and underscoring the importance of further research in this area. Elucidating the role of mitochondria in serotonin dysfunction will promote the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment and prevention of this neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Eric Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Blue Valley West High School, Overland Park, KS, USA
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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2
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Handschuh PA, Murgaš M, Vraka C, Nics L, Hartmann AM, Winkler-Pjrek E, Baldinger-Melich P, Wadsak W, Winkler D, Hacker M, Rujescu D, Domschke K, Lanzenberger R, Spies M. Effect of MAOA DNA Methylation on Human in Vivo Protein Expression Measured by [11C]harmine Positron Emission Tomography. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:116-124. [PMID: 36573644 PMCID: PMC9926052 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyac085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation are understood as an intermediary between environmental factors and neurobiology. Cerebral monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) levels are altered in depression, as are DNA methylation levels within the MAOA gene, particularly in the promoter/exon I/intron I region. An effect of MAOA methylation on peripheral protein expression was shown, but the extent to which methylation affects brain MAO-A levels is not fully understood. METHODS Here, the influence of MAOA promoter/exon I/intron I region DNA methylation on global MAO-A distribution volume (VT), an index of MAO-A density, was assessed via [11C]harmine positron emission tomography in 22 patients (14 females) suffering from seasonal affective disorder and 30 healthy controls (17 females). RESULTS No significant influence of MAOA DNA methylation on global MAO-A VT was found, despite correction for health status, sex, season, and MAOA variable number of tandem repeat genotype. However, season affected average methylation in women, with higher levels in spring and summer (Puncorr = .03). We thus did not find evidence for an effect of MAOA DNA methylation on brain MAO-A VT. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to a previous study demonstrating an effect of methylation of a MAOA promoter region located further 5' on brain MAO-A, MAOA methylation of the region assessed here appears to affect brain protein levels to a limited extent at most. The observed effect of season on methylation levels is in accordance with extensive evidence for seasonal effects within the serotonergic system. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02582398 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02582398).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Handschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Murgaš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Edda Winkler-Pjrek
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Pia Baldinger-Melich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
| | - Dietmar Winkler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Basics in Neuromodulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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3
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Castro Gonçalves AB, Ferreira Fratelli C, Saraiva Siqueira JW, Canongia de Abreu Cardoso Duarte L, Ribeiro Barros A, Possatti I, Lima dos Santos M, de Souza Silva CM, Rodrigues da Silva IC. MAOA uVNTR Genetic Variant and Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203267. [PMID: 36291132 PMCID: PMC9600429 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent multifactorial psychopathology affected by neurotransmitter levels. Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA) influences several neural pathways by modulating these levels. This systematic review (per PRISMA protocol and PECOS strategy) endeavors to understand the MAOA uVNTR polymorphism influence on MDD and evaluate its 3R/3R and 3R* genotypic frequencies fluctuation in MDD patients from different populations. We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Virtual Health Library, and EMBASE databases for eligible original articles that brought data on genotypic frequencies related to the MAOA uVNTR variant in patients with MDD. We excluded studies with incomplete data (including statistical data), reviews, meta-analyses, and abstracts. Initially, we found 43 articles. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, seven articles remained. The population samples studied were predominantly Asians, with high 3R and 4R allele frequencies. Notably, we observed higher 3R/3R (female) and 3R* (male) genotype frequencies in the healthy control groups and higher 4R/4R (female) and 4R* (male) genotype frequencies in the MDD groups in the majority of different populations. Despite some similarities in the articles analyzed, there is still no consensus on the MAOA uVNTR variant’s role in MDD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Castro Gonçalves
- Pharmacy Course, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília—Federal District (DF), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline Ferreira Fratelli
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília—Federal District (DF), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Jhon Willatan Saraiva Siqueira
- Pharmacy Course, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília—Federal District (DF), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Ligia Canongia de Abreu Cardoso Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília—Federal District (DF), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Aline Ribeiro Barros
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília—Federal District (DF), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Isabella Possatti
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília—Federal District (DF), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Maurício Lima dos Santos
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Sector, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília—Federal District (DF), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Calliandra Maria de Souza Silva
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Sector, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília—Federal District (DF), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Izabel Cristina Rodrigues da Silva
- Clinical Analysis Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Sector, Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Ceilândia, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília—Federal District (DF), Brasília 72220-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(61)-3107-8400
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Prah A, Purg M, Stare J, Vianello R, Mavri J. How Monoamine Oxidase A Decomposes Serotonin: An Empirical Valence Bond Simulation of the Reactive Step. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8259-8265. [PMID: 32845149 PMCID: PMC7520887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme-catalyzed degradation of the biogenic amine serotonin is an essential regulatory mechanism of its level in the human organism. In particular, monoamine oxidase A (MAO A) is an important flavoenzyme involved in the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters. Despite extensive research efforts, neither the catalytic nor the inhibition mechanisms of MAO enzymes are currently fully understood. In this article, we present the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulation of the rate-limiting step for the serotonin decomposition, which consists of hydride transfer from the serotonin methylene group to the N5 atom of the flavin moiety. Free-energy profiles of the reaction were computed by the empirical valence bond method. Apart from the enzymatic environment, the reference reaction in the gas phase was also simulated, facilitating the estimation of the catalytic effect of the enzyme. The calculated barrier for the enzyme-catalyzed reaction of 14.82 ± 0.81 kcal mol-1 is in good agreement with the experimental value of 16.0 kcal mol-1, which provides strong evidence for the validity of the proposed hydride-transfer mechanism. Together with additional experimental and computational work, the results presented herein contribute to a deeper understanding of the catalytic mechanism of MAO A and flavoenzymes in general, and in the long run, they should pave the way toward applications in neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alja Prah
- Laboratory
for Computational Biochemistry and Drug Design, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Miha Purg
- Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 24, Sweden
| | - Jernej Stare
- Laboratory
for Computational Biochemistry and Drug Design, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Division
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rud̵er
Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia
| | - Janez Mavri
- Laboratory
for Computational Biochemistry and Drug Design, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana 1001, Slovenia
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5
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The MAO inhibitors phenelzine and clorgyline revert enzalutamide resistance in castration resistant prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2689. [PMID: 32483206 PMCID: PMC7264333 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The antiandrogen enzalutamide (Enz) has improved survival in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. However, most patients eventually develop Enz resistance that may involve inducing the androgen receptor (AR) splicing variant 7 (ARv7). Here we report that high expression of monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) is associated with positive ARv7 detection in CRPC patients following Enz treatment. Targeting MAO-A with phenelzine or clorgyline, the FDA-approved drugs for antidepression, resensitize the Enz resistant (EnzR) cells to Enz treatment and further suppress EnzR cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that Enz-increased ARv7 expression can transcriptionally enhance MAO-A expression resulting in Enz resistance via altering the hypoxia HIF-1α signals. Together, our results show that targeting the Enz/ARv7/MAO-A signaling with the antidepressants phenelzine or clorgyline can restore Enz sensitivity to suppress EnzR cell growth, which may indicate that these antidepression drugs can overcome the Enz resistance to further suppress the EnzR CRPC. Castration resistant prostate cancer patients treated with enzalutamide may develop resistance to the drug. Here, the authors report that monoamine oxidase-A expression is increased in these resistant tumors and that the antidepressants phenelzine/clorgyline can reverse such resistance to further suppress tumor growth
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Seiler N, Nguyen T, Yung A, O'Donoghue B. Terminology and assessment tools of psychosis: A systematic narrative review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:226-246. [PMID: 31846133 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Phenomena within the psychosis continuum that varies in frequency/duration/intensity have been increasingly identified. Different terms describe these phenomena, however there is no standardization within the terminology. This review evaluated the definitions and assessment tools of seven terms - (i) 'psychotic experiences'; (ii) 'psychotic-like experiences'; (iii) 'psychotic-like symptoms'; (iv) 'attenuated psychotic symptoms'; (v) 'prodromal psychotic symptoms'; (vi) 'psychotic symptomatology'; and (vii) 'psychotic symptoms'. METHODS EMBASE, MEDLINE, and CINAHL were searched during February-March 2019. Inclusion criteria included 1989-2019, full text, human, and English. Papers with no explicit definition or assessment tool, duplicates, conference abstracts, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, or no access were excluded. RESULTS A total of 2238 papers were identified and of these, 627 were included. Definitions and assessment tools varied, but some trends were found. Psychotic experiences and psychotic-like experiences were transient and mild, found in the general population and those at-risk. Psychotic-like symptoms were subthreshold and among at-risk populations and non-psychotic mental disorders. Attenuated psychotic symptoms were subthreshold but associated with distress, risk, and help-seeking. Prodromal psychotic symptoms referred to the prodrome of psychotic disorders. Psychotic symptomatology included delusions and hallucinations within psychotic disorders. Psychotic symptoms was the broadest term, encompassing a range of populations but most commonly involving hallucinations, delusions, thought disorder, and disorganization. DISCUSSION A model for conceptualizing the required terms is proposed and future directions needed to advance this field of research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Seiler
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tony Nguyen
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Yung
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brian O'Donoghue
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.,Orygen Youth Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Fite PJ, Brown S, Hossain W, Manzardo A, Butler MG, Bortolato M. Tobacco and cannabis use in college students are predicted by sex-dimorphic interactions between MAOA genotype and child abuse. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 25:101-111. [PMID: 29952131 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postsecondary students in Western countries exhibit a high prevalence of cannabis and tobacco use disorders. The etiology of these problems is contributed by several psychosocial factors, including childhood adversity and trauma; however, the mechanisms whereby these environmental determinants predispose to the use of these substances remain elusive, due to our poor knowledge of genetic and biological moderators. Converging evidence points to the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene as a moderator of the effects of lifetime stress on the initiation of substance use. AIMS Building on these premises, in this study, we analyzed whether MAOA upstream variable number tandem repeat (uVNTR) alleles interact with child maltreatment history to predict for lifetime cannabis and tobacco consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five hundred college students (age: 18-25 years) from a large Midwestern University were surveyed for their child maltreatment history (encompassing emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, as well as emotional and physical neglect) and lifetime consumption of cannabis and tobacco. Saliva samples were obtained to determine the MAOA uVNTR genotype of each participant. RESULTS In female students, lifetime tobacco and cannabis use was predicted by the interaction of physical and emotional abuse with high-activity MAOA allelic variants; conversely, in males, the interaction of low-activity MAOA alleles and physical abuse was associated with lifetime use of tobacco, but not cannabis. DISCUSSION These findings collectively suggest that the vulnerability to smoke tobacco and cannabis is predicted by sex-dimorphic interactions of MAOA gene with childhood abuse. CONCLUSION These biosocial underpinnings of tobacco and cannabis use may prove important in the development of novel personalized preventive strategies for substance use disorders in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Fite
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Shaquanna Brown
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Waheeda Hossain
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ann Manzardo
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Merlin G Butler
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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8
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Leung YK, Ouyang B, Niu L, Xie C, Ying J, Medvedovic M, Chen A, Weihe P, Valvi D, Grandjean P, Ho SM. Identification of sex-specific DNA methylation changes driven by specific chemicals in cord blood in a Faroese birth cohort. Epigenetics 2018; 13:290-300. [PMID: 29560787 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2018.1445901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Faroe islanders consume marine foods contaminated with methylmercury (MeHg), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and other toxicants associated with chronic disease risks. Differential DNA methylation at specific CpG sites in cord blood may serve as a surrogate biomarker of health impacts from chemical exposures. We aimed to identify key environmental chemicals in cord blood associated with DNA methylation changes in a population with elevated exposure to chemical mixtures. We studied 72 participants of a Faroese birth cohort recruited between 1986 and 1987 and followed until adulthood. The cord blood DNA methylome was profiled using Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChips. We determined the associations of CpG site changes with concentrations of MeHg, major PCBs, other organochlorine compounds [hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane], and perfluoroalkyl substances. In a combined sex analysis, among the 16 chemicals studied, PCB congener 105 (CB-105) exposure was associated with the majority of differentially methylated CpG sites (214 out of a total of 250). In female-only analysis, only 73 CB-105 associated CpG sites were detected, 44 of which were mapped to genes in the ELAV1-associated cancer network. In males-only, methylation changes were seen for perfluorooctane sulfonate, HCB, and p,p'-DDE in 10,598, 1,238, and 1,473 CpG sites, respectively, 15% of which were enriched in cytobands of the X-chromosome associated with neurological disorders. In this multiple-pollutant and genome-wide study, we identified key epigenetic toxicants. The significant enrichment of specific X-chromosome sites in males implies potential sex-specific epigenome responses to prenatal chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuet-Kin Leung
- a Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology.,e Center of Environmental Genetics.,f Cincinnati Cancer Center , University of Cincinnati Medical Center , Cincinnati , USA
| | - Bin Ouyang
- a Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology.,e Center of Environmental Genetics
| | - Liang Niu
- b Biostatistics & Bioinformatics.,e Center of Environmental Genetics
| | - Changchun Xie
- b Biostatistics & Bioinformatics.,e Center of Environmental Genetics
| | - Jun Ying
- b Biostatistics & Bioinformatics.,c Public Health Science and
| | - Mario Medvedovic
- b Biostatistics & Bioinformatics.,e Center of Environmental Genetics.,f Cincinnati Cancer Center , University of Cincinnati Medical Center , Cincinnati , USA
| | - Aimin Chen
- d Epidemiology Department of Environmental Health.,e Center of Environmental Genetics
| | - Pal Weihe
- h Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health , Faroese Hospital System , Torshavn , Faroe Islands
| | - Damaskini Valvi
- i Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- i Department of Environmental Health , Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , USA.,j Department of Environmental Medicine , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | - Shuk-Mei Ho
- a Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology.,e Center of Environmental Genetics.,f Cincinnati Cancer Center , University of Cincinnati Medical Center , Cincinnati , USA.,g Cincinnati Veteran Affairs Medical Center , Cincinnati , USA
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Grochans E, Szkup M, Kotwas A, Kopeć J, Karakiewicz B, Jurczak A. Analysis of Sociodemographic, Psychological, and Genetic Factors Contributing to Depressive symptoms in Pre-, Peri- and Postmenopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15040712. [PMID: 29642625 PMCID: PMC5923754 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms that are faced by women in the pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal periods are determined by a wide array of sociodemographic, psychological, and biological variables. The aim of our study was to identify factors that contribute to depressive problems at this stage of life. The study included 815 healthy Polish women aged 45–60 years. The survey part was conducted using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Neuroticism–Extroversion–Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and a self-developed questionnaire. Genetic analysis was also performed. Depressive symptoms were observed in 25.5% of participants. 70% of the women were postmenopausal. No statistically significant differences in the severity of depressive symptoms were demonstrated with regard to genetic variables (p > 0.05). Reproductive capacity (p < 0.001), employment (p < 0.001), and being married (p < 0.018) were found to reduce the incidence of depressive symptoms. The contribution of personality and anxiety as a trait to depressive symptoms varied. Conclusions: The factors predisposing pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women to depressive symptoms include lower education, lack of a life partner, unemployment, high anxiety, and neurotic personality. No evidence was found for the contribution of genetic factors to depressive symptoms in the examined women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Grochans
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Szkup
- Department of Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Artur Kotwas
- Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Jacek Kopeć
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Beata Karakiewicz
- Department of Public Health, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Jurczak
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, ul. Żołnierska 48, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland.
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10
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Petschner P, Gonda X, Baksa D, Eszlari N, Trivaks M, Juhasz G, Bagdy G. Genes Linking Mitochondrial Function, Cognitive Impairment and Depression are Associated with Endophenotypes Serving Precision Medicine. Neuroscience 2018; 370:207-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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11
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Rabinowitz JA, Drabick DA. Do children fare for better and for worse? Associations among child features and parenting with child competence and symptoms. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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12
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M. Type A monoamine oxidase and serotonin are coordinately involved in depressive disorders: from neurotransmitter imbalance to impaired neurogenesis. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:53-66. [PMID: 28293733 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Type A monoamine oxidase (MAOA) catabolizes monoamine transmitters, serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, and plays a major role in the onset, progression and therapy of neuropsychiatric disorders. In depressive disorders, increase in MAOA expression and decrease in brain levels of serotonin and norepinephrine are proposed as the major pathogenic factors. The functional polymorphism of MAOA gene and genes in serotonin signal pathway are associated with depression. This review presents recent advance in studies on the role of MAOA in major depressive disorder and related emotional disorders. MAOA and serotonin regulate the prenatal development and postnatal maintenance of brain architecture and neurocircuit, as shown by MAOA-deficient humans and MAO knockout animal models. Impaired neurogenesis in the mature hippocampus has been proposed as "adult neurogenesis" hypothesis of depression. MAOA modulates the sensitivity to stress in the stages of brain development and maturation, and the interaction of gene-environmental factors in the early stage regulates the onset of depressive behaviors in adulthood. Vice versa environmental factors affect MAOA expression by epigenetic regulation. MAO inhibitors not only restore compromised neurotransmitters, but also protect neurons from cell death in depression through induction of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and prosurvival neurotrophic factors, especially brain-derived neurotrophic factor, the deficiency of which is detected in depression. This review discusses novel role of MAOA and serotonin in the pathogenesis and therapy of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan.
| | - Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Masayo Shamoto-Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
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Jacob J, De Guzman RG. Effectiveness of taking in the good based-bibliotherapy intervention program among depressed Filipino female adolescents. Asian J Psychiatr 2016; 23:99-107. [PMID: 27969089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent depression is a severe mental health problem. Philippines has the highest incidence of depression in South East Asia. Depressed female adolescents habitually seek and retain negative experiences. Aim of this research was to develop and to assess effectiveness of a Taking in the Good Based-Bibliotherapy Intervention Program for female adolescents. As an innovative type of psychotherapy treatment, program aimed to build up their inner strengths by experiencing, enriching and absorbing daily events with a positive attitude and installing them in brain. Program was conducted in two phases: 1. Development of taking in the good based-bibliotherapy intervention. 2. Implementation and assessment of pioneering treatment for alleviating depression and thereby increasing positive cognitive appraisal by employing true experimental research design particularly between subjects. Beck Depression Inventory-II, Asian Adolescent Depression Scale and Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale-11 were administered before and after implementation of the program. A total of 30 female adolescents, Filipino High School students, (mean age=13.9), were randomly assigned to experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) conditions. Data analysis was done by employing percentage and frequency distribution, mean scores, standard deviation, dependent t-test, independent t-test statistics and Cohen's d. The null hypothesis was tested at the 0.05 level of significance. Statistical analysis between the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group showed significant difference (p=0.000) and scores of control and experimental group showed significant difference (p=0.000) in all dependent variables in the post-test. These results revealed that "Taking in the Good based-Bibliotherapy Intervention" was effective in reducing depression in female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jacob
- Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, Philippines.
| | - Rosalito G De Guzman
- Department of psychology, University of Santo Tomas, España, Manila, Philippines
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Różycka A, Słopień R, Słopień A, Dorszewska J, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Lianeri M, Maciukiewicz M, Warenik-Szymankiewicz A, Grzelak T, Kurzawińska G, Drews K, Klejewski A, Jagodziński PP. The MAOA, COMT, MTHFR and ESR1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the risk of depression in menopausal women. Maturitas 2015; 84:42-54. [PMID: 26620113 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was assessment of a possible relationship between the polymorphisms of the candidate genes participating in the etiology of some neurological and psychiatric disorders and the risk of depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS A total of 167 (54 perimenopausal and 113 postmenopausal) Caucasian women from western Poland, aged 42-67, were recruited as the patient group in the study because of depressive symptoms, and another 321 healthy women (102 perimenopausal and 219 postmenopausal) served as the controls. All study participants were evaluated for climacteric and depressive disorders according to the Kupperman index and Hamilton rating scale for depression (HRSD), respectively. The following candidate genes were selected for the study: 5HTR2A, 5HTR1B, 5HTR2C, TPH1, TPH2, MAOA, COMT, NET, GABRB1, ESR1, MTHFR, MTR and MTHFD1. In each group the frequencies of the polymorphisms were determined using PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS After correcting for Bonferroni multiple tests, we found associations between the MAOA c.1460C>T (SNP 1137070), COMT c.472G>A (SNP 4680), MTHFR c.677C>T (SNP 1801133) and ESR1 454(-351) A>G (SNP 9340799) polymorphisms to mild and moderate depressive symptoms in menopausal women. In the perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, genotype association of the MAOA c.1460 CT and c.1460 CT+TT (OR=1.83; pcorr=0.009 and OR=1.85; pcorr=0.003, resp.), and of the MTHFR c.677 TT and c.677 CT+TT (OR=3.52; pcorr=0.00009 and OR=2.06; pcorr=0.0006, resp.), as well as of the COMT c.472 GA and COMT c.472 GA+AA genotypes (OR=2.23; pcorr=0.03 and OR=2.17; pcorr=0.027, resp.) in the postmenopausal women revealed significantly higher frequencies of these variants in depressed female patients than in controls, whereas the ESR1 454(-351) AG and 454(-351) AG+GG genotypes were associated with lower risk of depression in postmenopausal women (OR=0.48; pcorr=0.012, and OR=0.52; pcorr=0.015, resp.). CONCLUSIONS Our study substantiates the involvement of the MAOA and MTHFR polymorphisms in climacteric depression and offers evidence that the COMT and ESR1 genes may also play a role in the susceptibility to depressive mood in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Różycka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Radosław Słopień
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Seremak-Mrozikiewicz
- Department of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland; Department of Pharmacology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, 71b Wojska Polskiego St., 60-630 Poznan, Poland
| | - Margarita Lianeri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Maciukiewicz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 27/33 Szpitalna St., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Alina Warenik-Szymankiewicz
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teresa Grzelak
- Laboratory of Biology of Civilization-Related Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Grażyna Kurzawińska
- Department of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Drews
- Department of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna St., 60-535 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Klejewski
- Department of Nursing, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 11 Smoluchowskiego St., 60-179 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland
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MAOA Variants and Genetic Susceptibility to Major Psychiatric Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4319-27. [PMID: 26227907 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the metabolism of several biological amines such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, which are important neurochemicals in the pathogenesis of major psychiatric illnesses. MAOA is regarded as a functional plausible susceptibility gene for psychiatric disorders, whereas previous hypothesis-driven association studies obtained controversial results, a reflection of small sample size, genetic heterogeneity, or true negative associations. In addition, MAOA is not analyzed in most of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on psychiatric disorders, since it is located on Chromosome Xp11.3. Therefore, the effects of MAOA variants on genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders remain obscure. To fill this gap, we collected psychiatric phenotypic (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder) and genetic data in up to 18,824 individuals from diverse ethnic groups. We employed classical fixed (or random) effects inverse variance weighted methods to calculate summary odds ratios (OR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI). We identified a synonymous SNP rs1137070 showing significant associations with major depressive disorder (p = 0.00067, OR = 1.263 for T allele) and schizophrenia (p = 0.0039, OR = 1.225 for T allele) as well as a broad spectrum of psychiatric phenotype (p = 0.000066, OR = 1.218 for T allele) in both males and females. The effect size was similar between different ethnic populations and different gender groups. Collectively, we confirmed that MAOA is a risk gene for psychiatric disorders, and our results provide useful information toward a better understanding of genetic mechanism involving MAOA underlying risk of complex psychiatric disorders.
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Voltas N, Aparicio E, Arija V, Canals J. Association study of monoamine oxidase-A gene promoter polymorphism (MAOA-uVNTR) with self-reported anxiety and other psychopathological symptoms in a community sample of early adolescents. J Anxiety Disord 2015; 31:65-72. [PMID: 25747527 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism upstream of the gene for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA-uVNTR) is reported to be an important enzyme involved in human physiology and behavior. With a sample of 228 early-adolescents from a community sample (143 girls) and adjusting for environmental variables, we examined the influence of MAOA-uVNTR alleles on the scores obtained in the Screen for Childhood Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders and in the Child Symptom Inventory-4. Our results showed that girls with the high-activity MAOA allele had higher scores for generalized and total anxiety than their low-activity peers, whereas boys with the low-activity allele had higher social phobia scores than boys with the high-activity allele. Results for conduct disorder symptoms did not show a significant relationship between the MAOA alleles and the presence of these symptoms. Our findings support a possible association, depending on gender, between the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphism and psychopathological disorders such as anxiety, which affects high rates of children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Voltas
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Crta/ de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Estefania Aparicio
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, C/ Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, C/ Sant Llorenç, 21, 43201 Reus, Spain; Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain
| | - Josefa Canals
- Research Center for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Ciències de l'Educació i Psicologia, Crta/ de Valls, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Spain.
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Scholz CJ, Jungwirth S, Danielczyk W, Weber H, Wichart I, Tragl KH, Fischer P, Riederer P, Deckert J, Grünblatt E. Investigation of association of serotonin transporter and monoamine oxidase-A genes with Alzheimer's disease and depression in the VITA study cohort: a 90-month longitudinal study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:184-91. [PMID: 24443391 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and depression (DE) are common psychiatric disorders strongly intertwined with one another. Nevertheless, etiology and early diagnosis of the disorders are still elusive. Several genetic variations have been suggested to associate with AD and DE, particularly in genes involved in the serotonergic system such as the serotonin transporter (SERT/SLC6A4), responsible for the removal from the synaptic cleft, and the monoamine-oxidase-A (MAOA), responsible for the presynaptic degradation of serotonin. Here, we attempt to characterize this pleiotropic effect for the triallelic SERT gene-linked polymorphic region (5HTTLPR) and for the MAOA-uVNTR, in participants in the Vienna-Transdanube-Aging (VITA)-study. The VITA-study is a community-based longitudinal study following a birth cohort (75 years old at baseline examination, n = 606) from Vienna for a period of 90 months with a regular follow-up interval of 30 months. Our main finding, confirming previous reports, is that the 5HTTLPR S-allele is a risk allele for DE (OR = 1.55 CI 95% 1.03-2.32) and its carriers had a steeper increase in SGDS sum score. No association to AD was found. MAOA-uVNTR did not associate with either AD or DE. However, in AD MAOA-uVNTR S-allele carriers a steeper increase of HAMD and STAI1 sum scores (P < 0.05) was observed. Although the VITA-study cohort is rather small with low power to detect gene alterations, the uniqueness of this very thoroughly investigated and homogenous cohort strengthens the results through exceptional data collection. Still, reinvestigation in a larger cohort similar to this, as well as a meta-analysis, is important to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus-Jürgen Scholz
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Gene × environment effects of serotonin transporter, dopamine receptor D4, and monoamine oxidase A genes with contextual and parenting risk factors on symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder, anxiety, and depression in a community sample of 4-year-old children. Dev Psychopathol 2013; 25:555-75. [PMID: 23627963 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579412001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors can play a key role in the multiple level of analyses approach to understanding the development of child psychopathology. The present study examined gene-environment correlations and gene × environment interactions for polymorphisms of three target genes, the serotonin transporter gene, the D4 dopamine receptor gene, and the monoamine oxidase A gene in relation to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and oppositional behavior. Saliva samples were collected from 175 non-Hispanic White, 4-year-old children. Psychosocial risk factors included socioeconomic status, life stress, caretaker depression, parental support, hostility, and scaffolding skills. In comparison with the short forms (s/s, s/l) of the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic repeat, the long form (l/l) was associated with greater increases in symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder in interaction with family stress and with greater increases in symptoms of child depression and anxiety in interaction with caretaker depression, family conflict, and socioeconomic status. In boys, low-activity monoamine oxidase A gene was associated with increases in child anxiety and depression in interaction with caretaker depression, hostility, family conflict, and family stress. The results highlight the important of gene-environment interplay in the development of symptoms of child psychopathology in young children.
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Abstract
The goal of this brief review is to explain the role of monoamine oxidase enzymes in the neurobiology, etiology, and presentation of psychiatric illnesses, primarily major depressive disorder. This article will initially focus on the basic science and function of the monoamine oxidase system and some proposed neuropsychiatric symptoms that may arise if this enzyme system is altered by genetic predisposition. These findings and theories will next be translationally discussed in regard to clinical application pertaining to enzyme inhibition and the treatment of major depressive and other psychiatric disorders.
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Verdejo-García A, Albein-Urios N, Molina E, Ching-López A, Martínez-González JM, Gutiérrez B. A MAOA gene*cocaine severity interaction on impulsivity and neuropsychological measures of orbitofrontal dysfunction: preliminary results. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 133:287-90. [PMID: 23755928 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on previous evidence of a MAOA gene*cocaine use interaction on orbitofrontal cortex volume attrition, we tested whether the MAOA low activity variant and cocaine use severity are interactively associated with impulsivity and behavioral indices of orbitofrontal dysfunction: emotion recognition and decision-making. METHODS 72 cocaine dependent individuals and 52 non-drug using controls (including healthy individuals and problem gamblers) were genotyped for the MAOA gene and tested using the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, the Iowa Gambling Task and the Ekman's Facial Emotions Recognition Test. To test the main hypothesis, we conducted hierarchical multiple regression analyses including three sets of predictors: (1) age, (2) MAOA genotype and severity of cocaine use, and (3) the interaction between MAOA genotype and severity of cocaine use. UPPS-P, Ekman Test and Iowa Gambling Task's scores were the outcome measures. We computed the statistical significance of the prediction change yielded by each consecutive set, with 'a priori' interest in the MAOA*cocaine severity interaction. RESULTS We found significant effects of the MAOA gene*cocaine use severity interaction on the emotion recognition scores and the UPPS-P's dimensions of Positive Urgency and Sensation Seeking: Low activity carriers with higher cocaine exposure had poorer emotion recognition and higher Positive Urgency and Sensation Seeking. CONCLUSION Cocaine users carrying the MAOA low activity show a greater impact of cocaine use on impulsivity and behavioral measures of orbitofrontal cortex dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Verdejo-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences Federico Olóriz, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica, University of Granada, Spain; School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of clinical and molecular genetic as well as pharmacogenetic studies regarding the clinical phenotype of "psychotic depression." Results are discussed with regard to the long-standing debate on categorical vs dimensional disease models of affective and psychotic disorders on a continuum from unipolar depression over bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder to schizophrenia. Clinical genetic studies suggest a familial aggregation and a considerable heritability (39%) of psychotic depression partly shared with schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, and affective disorders. Molecular genetic studies point to potential risk loci of psychotic depression shared with schizoaffective disorder (1q42, 22q11, 19p13), depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia (6p, 8p22, 10p13-12, 10p14, 13q13-14, 13q32, 18p, 22q11-13) and several vulnerability genes possibly contributing to an increased risk of psychotic symptoms in depression (eg, BDNF, DBH, DTNBP1, DRD2, DRD4, GSK-3beta, MAO-A). Pharmacogenetic studies implicate 5-HTT, TPH1, and DTNBP1 gene variation in the mediation of antidepressant treatment response in psychotic depression. Genetic factors are suggested to contribute to the disease risk of psychotic depression in partial overlap with disorders along the affective-psychotic spectrum. Thus, genetic research focusing on psychotic depression might inspire a more dimensional, neurobiologically and symptom-oriented taxonomy of affective and psychotic disorders challenging the dichotomous Kraepelinian view. Additionally, pharmacogenetic studies might aid in the development of a more personalized treatment of psychotic depression with an individually tailored antidepressive/antipsychotic pharmacotherapy according to genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been well established that both genes and non-shared environment contribute substantially to the underlying aetiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). A comprehensive overview of genetic research in MDD is presented. Method Papers were retrieved from PubMed up to December 2011, using many keywords including: depression, major depressive disorder, genetics, rare variants, gene-environment, whole genome, epigenetics, and specific candidate genes and variants. These were combined in a variety of permutations. RESULTS Linkage studies have yielded some promising chromosomal regions in MDD. However, there is a continued lack of consistency in association studies, in both candidate gene and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Numerous factors may account for variable results including the use of different diagnostic approaches, small samples in early studies, population stratification, epigenetic phenomena, copy number variation (CNV), rare variation, and phenotypic and allelic heterogeneity. The conflicting results are also probably, in part, a consequence of environmental factors not being considered or controlled for. CONCLUSIONS Each research group has to identify what issues their sample may best address. We suggest that, where possible, more emphasis should be placed on the environment in molecular behavioural genetics to identify individuals at environmental high risk in addition to genetic high risk. Sequencing should be used to identify rare and alternative variation that may act as a risk factor, and a systems biology approach including gene-gene interactions and pathway analyses would be advantageous. GWAS may require even larger samples with reliably defined (sub)phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cohen-Woods
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Wang CC, Billett E, Borchert A, Kuhn H, Ufer C. Monoamine oxidases in development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:599-630. [PMID: 22782111 PMCID: PMC11113580 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are flavoproteins of the outer mitochondrial membrane that catalyze the oxidative deamination of biogenic and xenobiotic amines. In mammals there are two isoforms (MAO-A and MAO-B) that can be distinguished on the basis of their substrate specificity and their sensitivity towards specific inhibitors. Both isoforms are expressed in most tissues, but their expression in the central nervous system and their ability to metabolize monoaminergic neurotransmitters have focused MAO research on the functionality of the mature brain. MAO activities have been related to neurodegenerative diseases as well as to neurological and psychiatric disorders. More recently evidence has been accumulating indicating that MAO isoforms are expressed not only in adult mammals, but also before birth, and that defective MAO expression induces developmental abnormalities in particular of the brain. This review is aimed at summarizing and critically evaluating the new findings on the developmental functions of MAO isoforms during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Shatin, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ellen Billett
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Astrid Borchert
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Ufer
- Institute of Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin-Charité, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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Association study of DRD2 and MAOA genes with subtyped alcoholism comorbid with bipolar disorder in Han Chinese. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 40:144-8. [PMID: 23044341 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have hypothesized that genes involved in the dopamine system, including dopamine type-2 receptor (DRD2)-related TaqIA polymorphism and monoamine oxidase-A upstream variable number tandem repeat (uVNTR), may be associated with alcoholism. But their results were contradictory because of alcoholism's heterogeneity. Therefore, we examined whether the DRD2TaqIA and MAOA-uVNTR gene polymorphisms are susceptibility factors for alcoholism comorbid with bipolar disorder (ALC+BP) in Han Chinese in Taiwan. METHODS We recruited 101 Han Chinese men with comorbid alcoholism and bipolar disorder, and 328 healthy male controls from the community. Genotyping was done using PCR-RFLP. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the genotypic frequencies of the DRD2TaqIA or the MAOA-uVNTR polymorphisms between the 2 groups. The MAOA-uVNTR 3-repeat had a significant protective effect on the ALC+BP (odds ratio=0.432, p=0.035) but not on the healthy controls. However, the interaction between the MAOA-uVNTR 3-repeat and DRD2 A1/A2 was a risk factor in the ALC+BP (odds ratio=3.451, p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS We indicated the impact of the association between MAOA-uVNTR 3-repeat and DRD2 A1/A2 with ALC+BP.
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Gallardo-Pujol D, Andrés-Pueyo A, Maydeu-Olivares A. MAOAgenotype, social exclusion and aggression: an experimental test of a gene-environment interaction. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 12:140-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Shumay E, Logan J, Volkow ND, Fowler JS. Evidence that the methylation state of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene predicts brain activity of MAO A enzyme in healthy men. Epigenetics 2012; 7:1151-60. [PMID: 22948232 DOI: 10.4161/epi.21976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human brain function is mediated by biochemical processes, many of which can be visualized and quantified by positron emission tomography (PET). PET brain imaging of monoamine oxidase A (MAO A)-an enzyme metabolizing neurotransmitters-revealed that MAO A levels vary widely between healthy men and this variability was not explained by the common MAOA genotype (VNTR genotype), suggesting that environmental factors, through epigenetic modifications, may mediate it. Here, we analyzed MAOA methylation in white blood cells (by bisulphite conversion of genomic DNA and subsequent sequencing of cloned DNA products) and measured brain MAO A levels (using PET and [(11)C]clorgyline, a radiotracer with specificity for MAO A) in 34 healthy non-smoking male volunteers. We found significant interindividual differences in methylation status and methylation patterns of the core MAOA promoter. The VNTR genotype did not influence the methylation status of the gene or brain MAO A activity. In contrast, we found a robust association of the regional and CpG site-specific methylation of the core MAOA promoter with brain MAO A levels. These results suggest that the methylation status of the MAOA promoter (detected in white blood cells) can reliably predict the brain endophenotype. Therefore, the status of MAOA methylation observed in healthy males merits consideration as a variable contributing to interindividual differences in behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Shumay
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Medical Department, Upton, NY, USA.
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Priess-Groben HA, Hyde JS. 5-HTTLPR X Stress in Adolescent Depression: Moderation by MAOA and Gender. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 41:281-94. [PMID: 22836288 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-012-9672-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Priess-Groben
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Seifuddin F, Mahon PB, Judy J, Pirooznia M, Jancic D, Taylor J, Goes FS, Potash JB, Zandi PP. Meta-analysis of genetic association studies on bipolar disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:508-18. [PMID: 22573399 PMCID: PMC3582382 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Numerous candidate gene association studies of bipolar disorder (BP) have been carried out, but the results have been inconsistent. Individual studies are typically underpowered to detect associations with genes of small effect sizes. We conducted a meta-analysis of published candidate gene studies to evaluate the cumulative evidence. We systematically searched for all published candidate gene association studies of BP. We then carried out a random-effects meta-analysis on all polymorphisms that were reported on by three or more case-control studies. The results from meta-analyses of these genes were compared with the findings from a recent mega-analysis of eleven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in BP performed by the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium (PGC). A total of 487 articles were included in our review. Among these, 33 polymorphisms in 18 genes were reported on by three or more case-control studies and included in the random-effects meta-analysis. Polymorphisms in BDNF, DRD4, DAOA, and TPH1, were found to be nominally significant with a P-value < 0.05. However, none of the findings were significant after correction for multiple testing. Moreover, none of these polymorphisms were nominally significant in the PGC-BP GWAS. A number of plausible candidate genes have been previously associated with BP. However, the lack of robust findings in our review of these candidate genes highlights the need for more atheoretical approaches to study the genetics of BP afforded by GWAS. The results of this meta-analysis and from other on-going genomic experiments in BP are available online at Metamoodics (http://metamoodics.igm.jhmi.edu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Seifuddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pamela Belmonte Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer Judy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dubravka Jancic
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jacob Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James B. Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peter P. Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Słopień R, Słopień A, Różycka A, Warenik-Szymankiewicz A, Lianeri M, Jagodziński PP. The c.1460C>T polymorphism of MAO-A is associated with the risk of depression in postmenopausal women. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:194845. [PMID: 22619623 PMCID: PMC3349121 DOI: 10.1100/2012/194845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was an evaluation of possible relationships between polymorphisms of serotoninergic system genes and the risk of depression in postmenopausal women. METHODS We studied 332 women admitted to our department because of climacteric symptoms. The study group included 113 women with a diagnosis of depressive disorder according to the Hamilton rating scale for depression; the controls consisted of 219 women without depression. Serum 17β-estradiol concentrations were evaluated using radioimmunoassay, while polymorphisms in serotoninergic system genes: serotonin receptors 2A (HTR2A), 1B (HTR1B), and 2C (HTR2C); tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) and 2 (TPH2), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction-restriction. RESULTS We found that the 1460T allele of MAO-A c.1460C>T (SNP 1137070) appeared with a significantly higher frequency in depressed female patients than in the control group (P = 0.011) and the combined c.1460CT + TT genotypes were associated with a higher risk of depression (P = 0.0198). Patients with the 1460TT genotype had a significantly higher 17β-estradiol concentration than patients with the 1460CT genotype (P = 0.0065) and 1460CC genotype (P = 0.0018). CONCLUSIONS We concluded that depression in postmenopausal women is closely related to the genetic contribution of MAO-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Słopień
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Ul. Polna 33, 60-535 Poznan, Poland.
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Sethi D, Chen CP, Jing RY, Thakur ML, Wickstrom E. Fluorescent Peptide–PNA Chimeras for Imaging Monoamine Oxidase A mRNA in Neuronal Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:158-63. [DOI: 10.1021/bc2004507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalip Sethi
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, ‡Radiology, and §Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Chang-Po Chen
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, ‡Radiology, and §Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Rui-Yan Jing
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, ‡Radiology, and §Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Mathew L. Thakur
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, ‡Radiology, and §Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Eric Wickstrom
- Departments of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, ‡Radiology, and §Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
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Soronen P, Mantere O, Melartin T, Suominen K, Vuorilehto M, Rytsälä H, Arvilommi P, Holma I, Holma M, Jylhä P, Valtonen HM, Haukka J, Isometsä E, Paunio T. P2RX7 gene is associated consistently with mood disorders and predicts clinical outcome in three clinical cohorts. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:435-47. [PMID: 21438144 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of nine candidate genes on risk for mood disorders, hypothesizing that predisposing gene variants not only elevate the risk for mood disorders but also result in clinically significant differences in the clinical course of mood disorders. We genotyped 178 DSM-IV bipolar I and II and 272 major depressive disorder patients from three independent clinical cohorts carefully diagnosed with semistructured interviews and prospectively followed up with life charts for a median of 60 (range 6-83) months. Healthy control subjects (n = 1322) were obtained from the population-based national Health 2000 Study. We analyzed 62 genotyped variants within the selected genes (BDNF, NTRK2, SLC6A4, TPH2, P2RX7, DAOA, COMT, DISC1, and MAOA) against the presence of mood disorder, and in post-hoc analyses, specifically against bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder. Estimates for time ill were based on life charts. The P2RX7 gene variants rs208294 and rs2230912 significantly elevated the risk for a familial mood disorder (OR = 1.35, P = 0.0013, permuted P = 0.06, and OR = 1.44, P = 0.0031, permuted P = 0.17, respectively). The results were consistent in all three cohorts. The same risk alleles predicted more time ill in all cohorts (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6, P = 0.0069 and OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.3, P = 0.0002 with rs208294 and rs2230912, respectively), so that homozygous carriers spent 12 and 24% more time ill. P2RX7 and its risk alleles predisposed to mood disorders consistently in three independent clinical cohorts. The same risk alleles resulted in clinically significant differences in outcome of patients with major depressive and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Soronen
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Lung FW, Tzeng DS, Huang MF, Lee MB. Association of the MAOA promoter uVNTR polymorphism with suicide attempts in patients with major depressive disorder. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:74. [PMID: 21605465 PMCID: PMC3127823 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The MAOA uVNTR polymorphism has been documented to affect the MAOA gene at the transcriptional level and is associated with aggressive impulsive behaviors, depression associated with suicide (depressed suicide), and major depressive disorder (MDD). We hypothesized that the uVNTR polymorphism confers vulnerability to MDD, suicide or both. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the MAOA uVNTR and depressed suicide, using multiple controls. Methods Four different groups were included: 432 community controls, 385 patients with MDD who had not attempted suicide, 96 community subjects without mental disorders who had attempted suicide, and 109 patients with MDD who had attempted suicide. The MAOA uVNTR polymorphism was genotyped by a PCR technique. The symptom profiles and personal characteristics in each group were also compared. Results The MAOA 4R allele was more frequent in males with MDD than in male community controls (χ2 = 4.182, p = 0.041). Logistic regression analysis showed that, among the depressed subjects, those younger in age, more neurotic or who smoked had an increased risk of suicide (β = -0.04, p = 0.002; β = 0.15, p = 0.017; β = 0.79, p = 0.031, respectively). Moreover, among those who had attempted suicide, those younger in age, with more paternal overprotection, and more somatic symptoms were more likely to be in the MDD group than in the community group (β = -0.11, p < 0.001; β = 0.15, p = 0.026; β = 1.11, p < 0.001). Structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that nongenetic factors, such as age, paternal overprotection, and somatic symptoms, were associated with MDD, whereas depressed suicide were associated with severity of depression, personality traits, age, marital status, and inversely associated with anxiety symptoms. However, depression did not affect suicidal behavior in the community group. Conclusion The MAOA 4R allele is associated with enhanced vulnerability to suicide in depressed males, but not in community subjects. The MAOA 4R allele affects vulnerability to suicide through the mediating factor of depressive symptoms. Further large-scale studies are needed to verify the psychopathology of the relationships among MAOA uVNTR polymorphism, symptom profiles, and suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- For-Wey Lung
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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34
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Depression and the role of genes involved in dopamine metabolism and signalling. Prog Neurobiol 2010; 92:112-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hobgood DK. Personality and illness: genetic connections? Med Hypotheses 2010; 76:89-93. [PMID: 20826063 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Illness is strongly influenced by genetics. Personality traits are influenced by genetics and have linkages with, at least, affective illness. Because genetics influences both personality and illness, we studied by literature review the genes that illness and personality traits share and, by office assessment, our patient population's illnesses and personality traits. This led to the following hypothesis: illness is related to more Submissive than Dominant personality trait and thus to lower norepinephrine activity. Patient affect and personality are often noted to be subdued in chronic illness, but whether from cause or effect is difficult to determine. After reviewing the literature on wellness, personality and genes, we endeavored to explore and better delineate our impressions of illness and personality relationships and to set the stage for a genetic hypothesis by using an online personality test in an ob-gyn practice to determine which traits could be used as proxies for personality trait genes. We thus confirmed our clinical impression that women with psychiatric and/or medical illness have more Submissive personality. The medical literature on gene markers shared by Submissive personality and illness in our population suggests the hypothesis that this relationship could be mediated by genetically lower neurotransmitter activity. Both norepinephrine activity and monoamine oxidase A, the enzyme controlling its catabolism, are in concert to blunt neuronal activity in such diverse states as depression, asthma, obesity, autoimmune illness, and in smokers. Conversely, norepinephrine activity is enhanced in breastfeeders and in other settings known to be related to good health. A point for possible divergence from the hypothesis is that African-Americans have enhanced norepinephrine activity yet poorer health outcomes although the effect of environmental risk factors in African-Americans is considered prominent by researchers. The possible importance of this hypothesis is that it changes emphasis slightly from one of splitting diagnoses to one of grouping them to achieve fresh insight. If we assess what is found in common in diverse illnesses of mind and body, we have yet another tool to assess causation. Although this hypothesis is offered somewhat in a boldness of spirit to take a new look at our many perplexing clinical problems, it is also offered with humility in light of the complexity with which we deal in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna K Hobgood
- Women's Institute for Specialized Health, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Medical Units, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA.
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Utge S, Soronen P, Partonen T, Loukola A, Kronholm E, Pirkola S, Nyman E, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Paunio T. A population-based association study of candidate genes for depression and sleep disturbance. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2010; 153B:468-476. [PMID: 19548263 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of depression comprises a variety of symptoms, including early morning awakenings and fatigue, features also indicating disturbed sleep. The presence or absence of these symptoms may reflect differences in neurobiological processes leading to prolonged depression. Several neurobiological mechanisms have been indicated in the induction of depression, including disturbances in serotonergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission and in the action of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The same transmitters have also been linked to sleep regulation. We hypothesized that depression without simultaneous symptoms of disturbed sleep would partly have a different genetic background than depression with symptoms of disturbed sleep. We tested this hypothesis using a systematic population-based association study of 14 candidate genes related to depression and disturbed sleep. Association of genetic variants with either depression alone, depression with early morning awakenings, or depression with fatigue was investigated using permutation-based allelic association analysis of a sample of 1,654 adults recruited from Finland's population-based program. The major findings were associations of TPH2 (rs12229394) with depression accompanied by fatigue in women and CREB1 (rs11904814) with depression alone in men. We also found suggestive associations in women for GAD1, GRIA3, and BDNF with depression accompanied by fatigue, and for CRHR1 with depression accompanied by early morning awakenings. The results indicate sex-dependent and symptom-specific differences in the genetic background of depression. These differences may partially explain the broad spectrum of depressive symptoms, and their systematic monitoring could potentially be used for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddheshwar Utge
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Physiology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pia Soronen
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Loukola
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkki Kronholm
- Department of Health and Functional Capacity, Laboratory for Population Research, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Pirkola
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emma Nyman
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tiina Paunio
- Public Health Genomics Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Huang SY, Lin MT, Lin WW, Huang CC, Shy MJ, Lu RB. Association of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) polymorphisms and clinical subgroups of major depressive disorders in the Han Chinese population. World J Biol Psychiatry 2010; 10:544-51. [PMID: 19224413 DOI: 10.1080/15622970701816506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been proposed that an MAOA abnormality may be an important factor in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Various polymorphisms of the MAOA gene have been investigated for possible associations with mood disorders, but results have been inconsistent. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether polymorphisms of the MAOA gene are associated with MDD or alternatively with different clinical subgroups of MDD. A total of 590 Han Chinese subjects in Taiwan (312 controls and 278 MDD patients) were recruited. Among the males, there were no associations with MAOA polymorphisms. Among the females, an association was found between MAOA polymorphisms and severe MDD (P=0.041 for uVNTR and 0.017 for EcoRV (rs1137070), respectively). However, in analyses of haplotype frequencies and multiple logistic regression, MAOA polymorphisms were not associated with either MDD or its subgroups. The results suggest that MAOA polymorphisms do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of MDD or its subgroups. However, a potential role for a minor association with some specific subgroups and with different ethnic samples needs to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- San-Yuan Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, 114, Taiwan, ROC.
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38
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Meta-analysis of the association between the monoamine oxidase-A gene and mood disorders. Psychiatr Genet 2010; 20:1-7. [DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e3283351112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Jiang B, Kenna HA, Rasgon NL. Genetic overlap between polycystic ovary syndrome and bipolar disorder: The endophenotype hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:996-1004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/07/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Multifinality in the development of personality disorders: a Biology x Sex x Environment interaction model of antisocial and borderline traits. Dev Psychopathol 2009; 21:735-70. [PMID: 19583882 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579409000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is more common among males and borderline PD (BPD) is more common among females, some authors have suggested that the two disorders reflect multifinal outcomes of a single etiology. This assertion is based on several overlapping symptoms and features, including trait impulsivity, emotional lability, high rates of depression and suicide, and a high likelihood of childhood abuse and/or neglect. Furthermore, rates of ASPD are elevated in the first degree relatives of those with BPD, and concurrent comorbidity rates for the two disorders are high. In this article, we present a common model of antisocial and borderline personality development. We begin by reviewing issues and problems with diagnosing and studying PDs in children and adolescents. Next, we discuss dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms of trait impulsivity as predisposing vulnerabilities to ASPD and BPD. Finally, we extend shared risk models for ASPD and BPD by specifying genetic loci that may confer differential vulnerability to impulsive aggression and mood dysregulation among males and impulsive self-injury and mood dysregulation among females. Although the precise mechanisms of these sex-moderated genetic vulnerabilities remain poorly understood, they appear to interact with environmental risk factors including adverse rearing environments to potentiate the development of ASPD and BPD.
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Doornbos B, Dijck-Brouwer DAJ, Kema IP, Tanke MAC, van Goor SA, Muskiet FAJ, Korf J. The development of peripartum depressive symptoms is associated with gene polymorphisms of MAOA, 5-HTT and COMT. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2009; 33:1250-4. [PMID: 19625011 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms of monoamine-related genes have been associated with depression following life events. The peripartum is a physiologically and psychologically challenging period, characterized by fluctuations in depressive symptoms, therefore facilitating prospective investigations in this gene x environment (G x E) interaction. METHODS Eighty nine pregnant women filled in two Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) questionnaires during pregnancy and two in the postpartum period. MAOA, COMT and 5-HTT polymorphisms were analyzed. RESULTS We found a significant interaction between the development of depressive symptoms in the course of pregnancy and polymorphisms in 5-HTT (p=0.019); MAOA (p=0.044) and COMT (p=0.026), and MAOA x COMT (p<0.001). Particularly, women carrying the combination of low activity variants of MAOA and COMT showed increased EPDS scores at week 36 of pregnancy and 6 weeks postpartum, but not during early pregnancy or 12 weeks postpartum. CONCLUSION We found that MAOA in combination with COMT appears to regulate not only the stress response in laboratory experiments, but also seems to influence the stress-evoked onset of mood during normal, mild, stressful events, such as experienced in the peripartum period. These findings support the GxE concept for depression, but they underline the complexity of this concept, as the cumulating effects of these polymorphic genes (i.e. MAOA+COMT) might be needed and the effects of these polymorphic genes becomes apparent in special environmental or physiological conditions (i.e. the peripartum period). We therefore suggest that G x E interactions become especially noticeable from longitudinal study designs in specific physiological or social challenging periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennard Doornbos
- Graduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, University Center for Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Monoamine oxidase a and catechol-o-methyltransferase functional polymorphisms and the placebo response in major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2009; 29:372-7. [PMID: 19593178 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e3181ac4aaf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The placebo response shows pronounced interindividual variability. Placebos are postulated to act through central reward pathways that are modulated by monoamines. Because monoaminergic signaling is under strong genetic control, we hypothesized that common functional polymorphisms modulating monoaminergic tone would be related to degree of improvement during placebo treatment of subjects with major depressive disorder. We examined polymorphisms in genes encoding the catabolic enzymes catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase A. Subjects with monoamine oxidase A G/T polymorphisms (rs6323) coding for the highest activity form of the enzyme (G or G/G) had a significantly lower magnitude of placebo response than those with other genotypes. Subjects with ValMet catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphisms coding for a lower-activity form of the enzyme (2 Met alleles) showed a statistical trend toward a lower magnitude of placebo response. These findings support the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms modulating monoaminergic tone are related to degree of placebo responsiveness in major depressive disorder.
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Saraceno L, Munafó M, Heron J, Craddock N, van den Bree MBM. Genetic and non-genetic influences on the development of co-occurring alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology in adolescence: a review. Addiction 2009; 104:1100-21. [PMID: 19438423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol problem use during adolescence has been linked to a variety of adverse consequences, including cigarette and illicit drug use, delinquency, adverse effects on pubertal brain development and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. In addition, heavy alcohol-drinking adolescents are at increased risk of comorbid psychopathology, including internalizing symptomatology (especially depression and anxiety). A range of genetic and non-genetic factors have been implicated in both alcohol problem use as well as internalizing symptomatology. However, to what extent shared risk factors contribute to their comorbidity in adolescence is poorly understood. DESIGN We conducted a systematic review on Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science to identify epidemiological and molecular genetic studies published between November 1997 and November 2007 that examined risk factors that may be shared in common between alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology in adolescence. FINDINGS Externalizing disorders, family alcohol problems and stress, as well as the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) S-allele, the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) low-activity alleles and the dopamine D2 receptor (DDR2) Taq A1 allele have been associated most frequently with both traits. An increasing number of papers are focusing upon the role of gene-gene (epistasis) and gene-environment interactions in the development of comorbid alcohol problem use and internalizing symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS Further research in adolescents is warranted; the increasing availability of large longitudinal genetically informative studies will provide the evidence base from which effective prevention and intervention strategies for comorbid alcohol problems and internalizing symptomatology can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Saraceno
- Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Tzeng DS, Chien CC, Lung FW, Yang CY. MAOA gene polymorphisms and response to mirtazapine in major depression. Hum Psychopharmacol 2009; 24:293-300. [PMID: 19382113 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphisms in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene may influence treatment outcomes in major depression disorder (MDD). OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of MAOA genetic polymorphisms and response to mirtazapine in patients with MDD. METHOD Fifty-eight adult patients in Taiwan who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for MDD were given mirtazapine for 7 weeks and evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 49 using the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Remission was defined as a final HRSD <or= 10 and a 50% reduction in baseline HRSD score. Patients provided venous blood for DNA testing. The patients' response to mirtazapine treatment was compared between those who had the long-form polymorphism in the MAOA gene promoter and the short-form polymorphism. RESULT The total HRSD scores after mirtazapine treatment were significantly lower than baseline (p < 0.001). There were 10 cases (38.5%) in short from and 6 (18.8%) in long from group touched the remission stage. Patients with the short-form group had a greater response to mirtazapine (p < 0.001) than those with the long-form polymorphism after controlling for age, sex, and apolipoprotein E genetic (APOE) polymorphism. CONCLUSION The genetic polymorphisms in the MAOA promoter region may be associated with treatment response to mirtazapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Military Kaohsiung General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Rivera M, Gutiérrez B, Molina E, Torres-González F, Bellón JA, Moreno-Küstner B, King M, Nazareth I, Martínez-González LJ, Martínez-Espín E, Muñoz-García MM, Motrico E, Martínez-Cañavate T, Lorente JA, Luna JD, Cervilla JA. High-activity variants of the uMAOA polymorphism increase the risk for depression in a large primary care sample. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2009; 150B:395-402. [PMID: 18626920 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the association between the functional uMAOA polymorphism and depression have yielded non-conclusive results up till now. One thousand two hundred twenty eight consecutive Spanish primary care attendees, participating in the PREDICT study, agreed to take part in this genetic PREDICT-Gene study. We explored the association between depression and either high-activity uMAOA alleles or genotypes. Depression was diagnosed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to establish three different depressive outcomes (ICD-10 Depressive Episode (DE), ICD-10 Severe Depressive Episode (SDE) and DSM-IV Major Depression (MD)). uMAOA genetic variation was determined by PCR amplification and subsequent electrophoresis. Crude and adjusted (gender and/or age) odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals, were calculated for the associations between allele or genotype frequencies and all three depressive outcomes. We found associations between all three depressive phenotypes and either high-activity alleles or high-activity genotypes in both sexes. The associations were statistically significant for females but not for males. Testing the same associations on the entire sample (males and females) also yielded significant associations between depression and either high-activity alleles or high-activity genotype distribution that were independent of age and/or gender (ICD-10 DE: OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.42-1.77; P = 0.00002; ICD-10-SDE: OR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.38-3.05; P = 0.0002; DSM-IV MD: OR = 1.91; 95% CI: (1.26-2.91); P = 0.0014). Our results provide fairly consistent evidence that high-activity variants of the MAOA promoter polymorphism confer a modestly higher risk for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Rivera
- Sección de Psiquiatría e Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
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Weder N, Yang BZ, Douglas-Palumberi H, Massey J, Krystal JH, Gelernter J, Kaufman J. MAOA genotype, maltreatment, and aggressive behavior: the changing impact of genotype at varying levels of trauma. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65:417-24. [PMID: 18996506 PMCID: PMC3816252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity has been shown to interact with monoamine oxidase-A (MAOA) genotype to confer risk for antisocial behavior. Studies examining this gene-by-environment (G x E) association, however, have produced mixed results. METHODS Relevant research is reviewed, and results of a study with 114 children (73 maltreated and 41 control subjects) are presented. The maltreated children represent the extreme on a continuum of adversity and were assessed at a time of extreme stress-shortly after removal from their parents' care due to abuse. Measures of aggressive behavior were obtained using standard research instruments, and monoamine oxidase-A MAOA genotypes were obtained from saliva-derived DNA specimens. Population structure was controlled for using ancestral proportion scores computed on the basis of genotypes of ancestry informative markers. RESULTS Many prior investigations appear to have had reduced power to detect the predicted G x E interaction because of low base rates of maltreatment and antisocial behavior in their samples and failure to use optimal procedures to control for population structure in ethnically diverse cohorts. In this investigation, a significant interaction was detected between exposure to moderate trauma and the "low-activity" MAOA genotype in conferring risk for aggression. Children with exposure to extreme levels of trauma, however, had high aggression scores regardless of genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that problems in aggressive behavior in maltreated children are moderated by MAOA genotype, but only up to moderate levels of trauma exposure. Extreme levels of trauma appear to overshadow the effect of MAOA genotype, especially in children assessed at time of acute crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Weder
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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Nilsson KW, Sjöberg RL, Leppert J, Oreland L, Damberg M. Transcription factor AP-2 beta genotype and psychosocial adversity in relation to adolescent depressive symptomatology. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2009; 116:363-70. [PMID: 19184334 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-009-0183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate possible interactions between the gene coding for activating protein-2 beta (AP-2 beta) and psychosocial factors to predict depressive symptoms in adolescents. Two-hundred 16- and 19-year-old adolescents from the county of Västmanland, Sweden, were asked to complete a questionnaire, interviewed about psychosocial risk factors, and genotyped with regard to the transcription factor AP-2 beta intron 2 polymorphism. AP-2 beta genotype interacted significantly both with type of housing and parental separation to predict depressive symptoms. Individuals who were homozygous for the short AP-2 beta allele displayed higher depression scores when psychosocial adversity was taken into account. Amongst carriers of one or two copies of the long allele, there was no difference in depressive symptoms despite differences in psychosocial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent W Nilsson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Central Hospital, Uppsala University, 721 89, Västerås, Sweden.
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Davis LK, Hazlett HC, Librant AL, Nopoulos P, Sheffield VC, Piven J, Wassink TH. Cortical enlargement in autism is associated with a functional VNTR in the monoamine oxidase A gene. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:1145-51. [PMID: 18361446 PMCID: PMC2752707 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is an enzyme expressed in the brain that metabolizes dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin. Abnormalities of serotonin neurotransmission have long been implicated in the psychopathology of autism. A polymorphism exists within the promoter region of the MAOA gene that influences MAOA expression levels so that "low activity" alleles are associated with increased neurotransmitter levels in the brain. Individuals with autism often exhibit elevated serotonin levels. Additional studies indicate that the "low activity" allele may be associated with lower IQ and more severe autistic symptoms. In this study we genotyped the MAOA promoter polymorphism in a group of 29 males (age 2-3 years) with autism and a group of 39 healthy pediatric controls for whom brain MRI data was available. We found a consistent association between the "low activity" allele and larger brain volumes for regions of the cortex in children with autism but not in controls. We did not find evidence for over-transmission of the "low activity" allele in a separate sample of 114 affected sib pair families. Nor did we find any unknown SNPs in yet another sample of 96 probands. Future studies will determine if there is a more severe clinical phenotype associated with both the "low activity" genotype and the larger brain volumes in our sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea K. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa,Correspondence to: Lea K. Davis, BS, 4181 Medical Education Research Facility, 375 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242.
| | - Heather C. Hazlett
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Amy L. Librant
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Peggy Nopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Val C. Sheffield
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Joesph Piven
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas H. Wassink
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
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Neither single-marker nor haplotype analyses support an association between monoamine oxidase A gene and bipolar disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 258:350-6. [PMID: 18437281 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-008-0803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) abnormality has been suggested as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of mood disorder, because MAOA is associated with the metabolism of monoamines such as serotonin and norepinephrine. Various MAOA gene polymorphisms have been investigated for possible associations with bipolar disorder (BD), but the results are controversial. Our goal was to investigate whether MAOA gene polymorphisms, especially the promoter uVNTR polymorphism and the EcoRV polymorphism, are associated either with BD or with different clinical subtypes of BD. A total of 714 Han Chinese subjects in Taiwan (305 controls and 409 BD patients) were recruited for study. All subjects were interviewed with the Chinese Version of the Modified Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Lifetime; BD was diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. Genotyping for MAOA polymorphisms was performed using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The MAOA promoter polymorphisms uVNTR and EcoRV were not associated with BD or any of its subtypes, in either the frequencies of alleles or genotypes. In multiple logistic regression and haplotype frequency analysis, we confirmed these negative results in both females and males. Our results suggest that MAOA polymorphisms do not play a major role in pathogenesis of BD or its clinical subtypes in Han Chinese.
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Serretti A, Mandelli L. The genetics of bipolar disorder: genome 'hot regions,' genes, new potential candidates and future directions. Mol Psychiatry 2008; 13:742-71. [PMID: 18332878 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2008.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BP) is a complex disorder caused by a number of liability genes interacting with the environment. In recent years, a large number of linkage and association studies have been conducted producing an extremely large number of findings often not replicated or partially replicated. Further, results from linkage and association studies are not always easily comparable. Unfortunately, at present a comprehensive coverage of available evidence is still lacking. In the present paper, we summarized results obtained from both linkage and association studies in BP. Further, we indicated new potential interesting genes, located in genome 'hot regions' for BP and being expressed in the brain. We reviewed published studies on the subject till December 2007. We precisely localized regions where positive linkage has been found, by the NCBI Map viewer (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mapview/); further, we identified genes located in interesting areas and expressed in the brain, by the Entrez gene, Unigene databases (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/) and Human Protein Reference Database (http://www.hprd.org); these genes could be of interest in future investigations. The review of association studies gave interesting results, as a number of genes seem to be definitively involved in BP, such as SLC6A4, TPH2, DRD4, SLC6A3, DAOA, DTNBP1, NRG1, DISC1 and BDNF. A number of promising genes, which received independent confirmations, and genes that have to be further investigated in BP, have been also systematically listed. In conclusion, the combination of linkage and association approaches provided a number of liability genes. Nevertheless, other approaches are required to disentangle conflicting findings, such as gene interaction analyses, interaction with psychosocial and environmental factors and, finally, endophenotype investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serretti
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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