1
|
Cysteine Pathogenic Variants of PMM2 Are Sensitive to Environmental Stress with Loss of Structural Stability. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:5964723. [PMID: 36743691 PMCID: PMC9891822 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5964723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are severe metabolic disorders caused by an imbalance in the glycosylation pathway. Phosphomannomutase2 (PMM2-CDG), the most prevalent CDG, is mainly due to the disorder of PMM2. Pathogenic variants in cysteine have been found in various diseases, and cysteine residues have a potential as therapeutic targets. PMM2 harbor six cysteines; the variants Cys9Tyr (C9Y) and Cys241Ser (C241S) of PMM2 have been identified to associate with CDG, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain uncharacterized. Here, we purified PMM2 wild type (WT), C9Y, and C241S to investigate their structural characteristics and biophysical properties by spectroscopic experiments under physiological temperature and environmental stress. Notably, the variants led to drastic changes in the protein properties and were prone to aggregate at physiological temperature. Meanwhile, PMM2 was sensitive to oxidative stress, and the cysteine pathogenic variants led to obvious aggregate formation and a higher cellular apoptosis ratio under oxidative stress. Molecular dynamic simulations indicated that the pathogenic variants changed the core domain of homomeric PMM2 and subunit binding free energy. Moreover, we tested the potential drug targeting PMM2-celastrol in cell level and explained the result by molecular docking simulation. In this study, we delineated the pathological mechanism of the cysteine substitution in PMM2, which addressed the vital role of cysteine in PMM2 and provided novel insights into prevention and treatment strategies for PMM2-CDG.
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong Y, Zhang C, Jin L, Li D, Chen W, Huo H, Li S.
PMM2
and
NARFL
are paternally imprinted genes in bovines. Anim Genet 2022; 53:592-598. [DOI: 10.1111/age.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Dong
- College of Life Science Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding Hebei China
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Life Science Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding Hebei China
| | - Lanjie Jin
- College of Life Science Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding Hebei China
| | - Dongjie Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei China
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hebei University Baoding Hebei China
| | - Haonan Huo
- College of Life Science Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding Hebei China
| | - Shijie Li
- College of Life Science Agricultural University of Hebei Baoding Hebei China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Quelhas D, Carneiro J, Lopes-Marques M, Jaeken J, Martins E, Rocha JF, Teixeira Carla SS, Ferreira CR, Sousa SF, Azevedo L. Assessing the effects of PMM2 variants on protein stability. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 134:344-352. [PMID: 34863624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency, PMM2-CDG, is the most frequent disorder of protein N-glycosylation. It is an autosomal recessive disease with a broad clinical and biochemical phenotype. Trying to predict the impact of novel variants is often a challenge due to the high number of variants and the difficulty to establish solid genotype-phenotype correlations. A potential useful strategy is to use computational chemistry calculations as a tool from which relevant information on the structural impact of novel variants may be deduced. Here we present our analyses based on four well-known PMM2 deleterious variants (p.(Leu32Arg), p.(Asp65Tyr), p.(Phe119Leu), p.(Arg141His)) and the polymorphic p.(Glu197Ala) for which we have predicted the effect on protein stability. Our work predicts the effect of different amino acid residues on the conformation and stability of PMM2. These computational simulations are, therefore, an extremely useful methodology which, in combination with routinely used in silico methods of pathogenicity prediction, may help to reveal the structural impact of novel variants at the protein level, potentially leading to a better understanding of target biological molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Quelhas
- Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal; Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - J Carneiro
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M Lopes-Marques
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E Martins
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS, UP, Porto, Portugal; Centro Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J F Rocha
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM - Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - S S Teixeira Carla
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM - Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - C R Ferreira
- Skeletal Genomics Unit, Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S F Sousa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, BioSIM - Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - L Azevedo
- i3S- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; FCUP-Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Klaver EJ, Dukes-Rimsky L, Kumar B, Xia ZJ, Dang T, Lehrman MA, Angel P, Drake RR, Freeze HH, Steet R, Flanagan-Steet H. Protease-dependent defects in N-cadherin processing drive PMM2-CDG pathogenesis. JCI Insight 2021; 6:153474. [PMID: 34784297 PMCID: PMC8783681 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic bases for the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) continue to expand, but how glycosylation defects cause patient phenotypes remains largely unknown. Here, we combined developmental phenotyping and biochemical studies in a potentially new zebrafish model (pmm2sa10150) of PMM2-CDG to uncover a protease-mediated pathogenic mechanism relevant to craniofacial and motility phenotypes in mutant embryos. Mutant embryos had reduced phosphomannomutase activity and modest decreases in N-glycan occupancy as detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Cellular analyses of cartilage defects in pmm2sa10150 embryos revealed a block in chondrogenesis that was associated with defective proteolytic processing, but seemingly normal N-glycosylation, of the cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin. The activities of the proconvertases and matrix metalloproteinases responsible for N-cadherin maturation were significantly altered in pmm2sa10150 mutant embryos. Importantly, pharmacologic and genetic manipulation of proconvertase activity restored matrix metalloproteinase activity, N-cadherin processing, and cartilage pathology in pmm2sa10150 embryos. Collectively, these studies demonstrate in CDG that targeted alterations in protease activity create a pathogenic cascade that affects the maturation of cell adhesion proteins critical for tissue development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elsenoor J Klaver
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, United States of America
| | - Lynn Dukes-Rimsky
- Research Department, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Research Department, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Jie Xia
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Tammie Dang
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Mark A Lehrman
- Department of Pharmacology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States of America
| | - Peggi Angel
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Richard R Drake
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, United States of America
| | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Richard Steet
- Research Department, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, United States of America
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Islam S, Tekman M, Flanagan SE, Guay-Woodford L, Hussain K, Ellard S, Kleta R, Bockenhauer D, Stanescu H, Iancu D. Founder mutation in the PMM2 promotor causes hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia/polycystic kidney disease (HIPKD). Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1674. [PMID: 33811480 PMCID: PMC8683636 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic kidney disease with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HIPKD) is a recently described disease caused by a single nucleotide variant, c.‐167G>T, in the promoter region of PMM2 (encoding phosphomannomutase 2), either in homozygosity or compound heterozygosity with a pathogenic coding variant in trans. All patients identified so far are of European descent, suggesting a possible founder effect. Methods We generated high density genotyping data from 11 patients from seven unrelated families, and used this information to identify a common haplotype that included the promoter variant. We estimated the age of the promoter mutation with DMLE+ software, using demographic parameters corresponding to the European population. Results All patients shared a 0.312 Mb haplotype which was absent in 503 European controls available in the 1000 Genomes Project. The age of this mutation was estimated as 105–110 generations, indicating its occurrence around 600 BC, a time of intense migration, which might explain the presence of the same mutations in Europeans around the globe. Conclusion The shared unique haplotype among seemingly unrelated patients is consistent with a founder effect in Europeans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Islam
- Department Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mehmet Tekman
- Department Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Lisa Guay-Woodford
- Center for Translational Research, Children's National Hospital Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Khalid Hussain
- Department of Endocrinology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- Department Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Department Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Horia Stanescu
- Department Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Daniela Iancu
- Department Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Crosstalk among Calcium ATPases: PMCA, SERCA and SPCA in Mental Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062785. [PMID: 33801794 PMCID: PMC8000800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium in mammalian neurons is essential for developmental processes, neurotransmitter release, apoptosis, and signal transduction. Incorrectly processed Ca2+ signal is well-known to trigger a cascade of events leading to altered response to variety of stimuli and persistent accumulation of pathological changes at the molecular level. To counterbalance potentially detrimental consequences of Ca2+, neurons are equipped with sophisticated mechanisms that function to keep its concentration in a tightly regulated range. Calcium pumps belonging to the P-type family of ATPases: plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), sarco/endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase (SPCA) are considered efficient line of defense against abnormal Ca2+ rises. However, their role is not limited only to Ca2+ transport, as they present tissue-specific functionality and unique sensitive to the regulation by the main calcium signal decoding protein—calmodulin (CaM). Based on the available literature, in this review we analyze the contribution of these three types of Ca2+-ATPases to neuropathology, with a special emphasis on mental diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Fang W, Raimi OG, Lockhart DEA, Ferenbach AT, Lu L, van Aalten DMF. Genetic and structural validation of phosphomannomutase as a cell wall target in Aspergillus fumigatus. Mol Microbiol 2021; 116:245-259. [PMID: 33629421 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an opportunistic mold responsible for severe life-threatening fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. The cell wall, an essential structure composed of glucan, chitin, and galactomannan, is considered to be a target for the development of antifungal drugs. The nucleotide sugar donor GDP-mannose (GDP-Man) is required for the biosynthesis of galactomannan, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors, glycolipid, and protein glycosylation. Starting from fructose-6-phosphate, GDP-Man is produced by the sequential action of the enzymes phosphomannose isomerase, phosphomannomutase (Pmm), and GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase. Here, using heterokaryon rescue and gene knockdown approaches we demonstrate that the phosphomannomutase encoding gene in A. fumigatus (pmmA) is essential for survival. Reduced expression of pmmA is associated with significant morphological defects including retarded germination, growth, reduced conidiation, and abnormal polarity. Moreover, the knockdown strain exhibited an altered cell wall organization and sensitivity toward cell wall perturbing agents. By solving the first crystal structure of A. fumigatus phosphomannomutase (AfPmmA) we identified non-conservative substitutions near the active site when compared to the human orthologues. Taken together, this work provides a genetic and structural foundation for the exploitation of AfPmmA as a potential antifungal target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Wenxia Fang
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | | | | | | | - Ling Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Microbes and Functional Genomics, Jiangsu Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pettinato F, Mostile G, Battini R, Martinelli D, Madeo A, Biamino E, Frattini D, Garozzo D, Gasperini S, Parini R, Sirchia F, Sortino G, Sturiale L, Matthijs G, Morrone A, Di Rocco M, Rizzo R, Jaeken J, Fiumara A, Barone R. Clinical and radiological correlates of activities of daily living in cerebellar atrophy caused by PMM2 mutations (PMM2-CDG). THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 20:596-605. [PMID: 33619652 PMCID: PMC8360885 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to identify clinical, molecular and radiological correlates of activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with cerebellar atrophy caused by PMM2 mutations (PMM2-CDG), the most frequent congenital disorder of glycosylation. Twenty-six PMM2-CDG patients (12 males; mean age 13 ± 11.1 years) underwent a standardized assessment to measure ADL, ataxia (brief ataxia rating scale, BARS) and phenotype severity (Nijmegen CDG rating scale, NCRS). MRI biometry of the cerebellum and the brainstem were performed in 23 patients (11 males; aged 5 months-18 years) and 19 control subjects with equal gender and age distributions. The average total ADL score was 15.3 ± 8.5 (range 3-32 out of 36 indicating severe functional disability), representing variable functional outcome in PMM2-CDG patients. Total ADL scores were significantly correlated with NCRS (r2 = 0.55, p < 0.001) and BARS scores (r2 = 0.764; p < 0.001). Severe intellectual disability, peripheral neuropathy, and severe PMM2 variants were all significantly associated with worse functional outcome. Higher ADL scores were significantly associated with decreased diameters of cerebellar vermis (r2 = 0.347; p = 0.004), hemispheres (r2 = 0.436; p = 0.005), and brainstem, particularly the mid-pons (r2 = 0.64; p < 0.001) representing the major radiological predictor of functional disability score in multivariate regression analysis. We show that cerebellar syndrome severity, cognitive level, peripheral neuropathy, and genotype correlate with ADL used to quantify disease-related deficits in PMM2-CDG. Brainstem involvement should be regarded among functional outcome predictors in patients with cerebellar atrophy caused by PMM2-CDG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pettinato
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mostile
- Department “GF Ingrassia”, Section of Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Battini
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diego Martinelli
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Pediatric Specialties, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Madeo
- Unit of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Biamino
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniele Frattini
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology Unit, Presidio Ospedaliero Provinciale Santa Maria Nuova Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Domenico Garozzo
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Pediatric Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MBBM Foundation, ATS Monza e Brianza, Monza, Italy
| | - Rossella Parini
- Pediatric Rare Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, MBBM Foundation, ATS Monza e Brianza, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Sirchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sortino
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Radiology Unit, Policlinico University Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Luisa Sturiale
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
| | - Gert Matthijs
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Amelia Morrone
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory of Neurometabolic Diseases, Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Florence, Italy
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Centre for Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agata Fiumara
- Pediatric Unit, Regional Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Section, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CNR, Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, IPCB, Catania, Italy
- Pediatric Unit, Regional Referral Center for Inherited Metabolic Disease, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moreno Macián F, De Mingo Alemany C, León Cariñena S, Ortega López P, Rausell Felix D, Aparisi Navarro M, Martinez Matilla M, Cardona Gay C, Martinez Castellano F, Albiach Mesado V. Mutations in PMM2 gene in four unrelated Spanish families with polycystic kidney disease and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:1283-1288. [PMID: 32841164 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2020-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Hyperinsulinemic hypoglucemia (HH) is characterized by a dysregulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells. Congenital hyperinsulinism has been associated with specific genes in monogenic forms and also with other diseases with a yet unknown genetic cause. In 2017, Rubio Cabezas et al. described the association of HH and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) with a promoter mutation in the PMM2 gene. They found that all the patients carried a promoter mutation (c-167G>T) in PMM2, either homozygous or in trans with a second PMM2 coding mutation. Methods We performed the study of the PMM2 gene in six patients from four unrelated families, previously diagnosed with ARPKD and HH. Results All these patients had in common the heterozygous variant c-167G>T in the promoter region for PMM2. Additionally, each patient carried a compound heterozygote for a second missense mutation in this gene (p.Arg141His, p.Asp148Asn or p.Phe157Ser), previously reported as pathogenic for congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia, with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. Unlike the previous published article, two of our patients showed altered type 1 pattern and one of them with rectal bleeding that could be a sign of PMM2-congenital disorders of glycosylation. Conclusion We propose the study of this gene when carrying out the diagnosis of patients with HH, especially in the neonatal period and when a recessive polycystic kidney disease without alterations in PKDH1 is diagnosed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara León Cariñena
- Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Ortega López
- Pediatric Nephrology, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Aparisi Navarro
- Genomic Unit Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Martinez Matilla
- Genomic Unit Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Cardona Gay
- Genomic Unit Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
New Insights into Immunological Involvement in Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) from a People-Centric Approach. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072092. [PMID: 32635232 PMCID: PMC7408855 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are rare diseases with variable phenotypes and severity. Immunological involvement remains a largely uncharted topic in CDG, mainly due to lack of robust data. To better characterize immune-related manifestations’ prevalence, relevance, and quality-of-life (QoL) impact, we developed electronic questionnaires targeting (1) CDG patients and (2) the general “healthy” population. Two-hundred and nine CDG patients/caregivers and 349 healthy participants were included in this study. PMM2-CDG was the most represented CDG (n = 122/209). About half of these participants (n = 65/122) described relevant infections with a noteworthy prevalence of those affecting the gastrointestinal tract (GI) (63.1%, n = 41/65). Infection burden and QoL impact were shown as infections correlated with more severe clinical phenotypes and with a set of relevant non-immune PMM2-CDG signs. Autoimmune diseases had only a marginal presence in PMM2-CDG (2.5%, n = 3/122), all being GI-related. Allergy prevalence was also low in PMM2-CDG (33%, n = 41/122) except for food allergies (26.8%, n = 11/41, of PMM2-CDG and 10.8%, n = 17/158, of controls). High vaccination compliance with greater perceived ineffectiveness (28.3%, n = 17/60) and more severe adverse reactions were described in PMM2-CDG. This people-centric approach not only confirmed literature findings, but created new insights into immunological involvement in CDG, namely by highlighting the possible link between the immune and GI systems in PMM2-CDG. Finally, our results emphasized the importance of patient/caregiver knowledge and raised several red flags about immunological management.
Collapse
|
11
|
Moravej H, Altassan R, Jaeken J, Enns GM, Ellaway C, Balasubramaniam S, De Lonlay P, Coman D, Mercimek‐Andrews S, Witters P, Morava E. Hypoglycemia in CDG patients due to PMM2 mutations: Follow up on hyperinsulinemic patients. JIMD Rep 2020; 51:76-81. [PMID: 32071842 PMCID: PMC7012739 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG) is the most common congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG). Hypoglycemia has been reported in various CDG including PMM2-CDG. The frequency and etiology of hypoglycemia in PMM2-CDG are not well studied. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature on genetically and/or biochemically confirmed PMM2-CDG patients who developed hypoglycemia. Prospective follow-up information on the patients who received diazoxide therapy was collected and evaluated. RESULTS A total of 165 peer-reviewed articles reporting on 933 PMM2-CDG patients were assessed. Hypoglycemia was specifically mentioned only in 23 of these patients (2.5%). Hyperinsulinism was identified in 10 patients (43% of all hypoglycemic patients). Among these 10 patients, seven were successfully treated with diazoxide. However, most patients remained on therapy longer than a year to stay free of hypoglycemia. CONCLUSION Hypoglycemia is a rarely reported finding in patients with PMM2-CDG. Diazoxide-responsive hyperinsulinism was found to have a good prognosis on medication in our PMM2-CDG patients with hypoglycemia. No genotype-phenotype correlation was observed with respect to hyperinsulinism. A prospective study should be undertaken to explore the hypothesis that hypoglycemia is underdiagnosed in PMM2-CDG and to evaluate whether hyperinsulinism is always associated with hypoglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Moravej
- Neonatal Research CenterShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
- Department of Pediatric EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ruqaiah Altassan
- Medical Genetic DepartmentMcGill University Health CenterMontrealQuébecCanada
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Center for Metabolic DiseasesUniversity Hospital GasthuisbergLeuvenBelgium
| | - Gregory M. Enns
- Biochemical Genetics ProgramStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia
| | - Carolyn Ellaway
- Genetic Metabolic Disorders ServiceSydney Children's Hospital NetworkSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Disciplines of Genetic Medicine & Child and Adolescent HealthSydney UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shanti Balasubramaniam
- Western Sydney Genetics ProgramThe Children's Hospital at WestmeadSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Discipline of Genetic MedicineSydney Medical School, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Pascale De Lonlay
- Reference Center for Metabolic DiseasesHospital Necker, University Paris VParisFrance
| | - David Coman
- Department of Metabolic MedicineThe Lady Cilento Children's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- School of MedicineUniversity of Queensland and Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Saadet Mercimek‐Andrews
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of PediatricsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Peter Witters
- Metabolic CenterUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Development and RegenerationFaculty of MedicineLeuvenBelgium
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical GenomicsMayo Clinic RochesterRochesterMinnesota
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chong M, Yoon G, Susan-Resiga D, Chamberland A, Cheillan D, Paré G, Seidah NG. Hypolipidaemia among patients with PMM2-CDG is associated with low circulating PCSK9 levels: a case report followed by observational and experimental studies. J Med Genet 2019; 57:11-17. [PMID: 31391289 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2019-106102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are novel therapeutics for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc). While serious side-effects have not been observed in short-term clinical trials, there remain concerns that long-term PCSK9 inhibition may cause neurocognitive side-effects. METHODS AND RESULTS An adult male with childhood-onset global developmental delay, cerebellar atrophy and severe hypolipidaemia underwent extensive biochemical and genetic investigations. Initial testing revealed low circulating PCSK9 levels and a common loss-of-function PCSK9 polymorphism, but these findings did not fully account for severe hypolipidaemia. Whole-exome sequencing was subsequently performed and identified two pathogenic phosphomannose mutase 2 (PMM2) variants (p.Arg141His and p.Pro69Ser) known to cause PMM2-associated congenital disorder of glycosylation (PMM2-CDG). A diagnosis of PMM2-CDG was consistent with the proband's neurological symptoms and severe hypolipidaemia. Given that PMM2-CDG is characterised by defective protein N-glycosylation and that PCSK9 is a negative regulator of LDLc, we postulated that loss of PCSK9 N-glycosylation mediates hypolipidaemia among patients with PMM2-CDG. First, in an independent cohort of patients with PMM2-CDG (N=8), we verified that circulating PCSK9 levels were significantly lower in patients than controls (p=0.0006). Second, we conducted in vitro experiments in hepatocyte-derived cells to evaluate the effects of PCSK9 N-glycosylation loss on LDL receptor (LDLR) activity. Experimental results suggest that defective PCSK9 N-glycosylation reduces the ability of circulating PCSK9 to degrade LDLR. CONCLUSION Life-long exposure to genetically lower PCSK9 per se is unlikely to cause neurocognitive impairment. Both observational and experimental findings suggest that hypolipidaemia in PMM2-CDG may be partially mediated by loss of PCSK9 N-glycosylation and/or its regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chong
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Yoon
- Department of Neurology and Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Delia Susan-Resiga
- Department of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ann Chamberland
- Department of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Cheillan
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire Grand Est, Unité Médicale Pathologies Métaboliques, Erythrocytaires et Dépistage Périnatal, Centre de Biologie et de Pathologie Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nabil G Seidah
- Department of Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Altassan R, Péanne R, Jaeken J, Barone R, Bidet M, Borgel D, Brasil S, Cassiman D, Cechova A, Coman D, Corral J, Correia J, de la Morena-Barrio ME, de Lonlay P, Dos Reis V, Ferreira CR, Fiumara A, Francisco R, Freeze H, Funke S, Gardeitchik T, Gert M, Girad M, Giros M, Grünewald S, Hernández-Caselles T, Honzik T, Hutter M, Krasnewich D, Lam C, Lee J, Lefeber D, Marques-de-Silva D, Martinez AF, Moravej H, Õunap K, Pascoal C, Pascreau T, Patterson M, Quelhas D, Raymond K, Sarkhail P, Schiff M, Seroczyńska M, Serrano M, Seta N, Sykut-Cegielska J, Thiel C, Tort F, Vals MA, Videira P, Witters P, Zeevaert R, Morava E. International clinical guidelines for the management of phosphomannomutase 2-congenital disorders of glycosylation: Diagnosis, treatment and follow up. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:5-28. [PMID: 30740725 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2-CDG) is the most common congenital disorder of N-glycosylation and is caused by a deficient PMM2 activity. The clinical presentation and the onset of PMM2-CDG vary among affected individuals ranging from a severe antenatal presentation with multisystem involvement to mild adulthood presentation limited to minor neurological involvement. Management of affected patients requires a multidisciplinary approach. In this article, a systematic review of the literature on PMM2-CDG was conducted by a group of international experts in different aspects of CDG. Our managment guidelines were initiated based on the available evidence-based data and experts' opinions. This guideline mainly addresses the clinical evaluation of each system/organ involved in PMM2-CDG, and the recommended management approach. It is the first systematic review of current practices in PMM2-CDG and the first guidelines aiming at establishing a practical approach to the recognition, diagnosis and management of PMM2-CDG patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiah Altassan
- Department of Medical Genetic, Montréal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetic, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Romain Péanne
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- LIA GLYCOLAB4CDG (International Associated Laboratory "Laboratory for the Research on Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation-from Cellular Mechanisms to Cure", France/ Belgium
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Barone
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Muad Bidet
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Gynaecology, and Diabetology, AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, IMAGINE Institute affiliate, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Borgel
- INSERM U1176, Université Paris-Sud, CHU de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Sandra Brasil
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departament o Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - David Cassiman
- Department of Gastroenterology-Hepatology and Metabolic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Cechova
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Coman
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Schools of Medicine, University of Queensland Brisbane, Griffith University Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Javier Corral
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Joana Correia
- Centro de Referência Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo - Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - María Eugenia de la Morena-Barrio
- Servicio de Hematologíay Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pascale de Lonlay
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, University Paris Descartes, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Agata Fiumara
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Francisco
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departament o Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Hudson Freeze
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Simone Funke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Neonatology, University of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Thatjana Gardeitchik
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Gert
- LIA GLYCOLAB4CDG (International Associated Laboratory "Laboratory for the Research on Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation-from Cellular Mechanisms to Cure", France/ Belgium
- Center for Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Muriel Girad
- AP-HP, Necker University Hospital, Hepatology and Gastroenterology Unit, French National Reference Centre for Biliary Atresia and Genetic Cholestasis, Paris, France
- Hepatologie prdiatrique department, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Marisa Giros
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephanie Grünewald
- Metabolic Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital and Institute of Child Health, University College London, NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Trinidad Hernández-Caselles
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomas Honzik
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marlen Hutter
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Donna Krasnewich
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christina Lam
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joy Lee
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dirk Lefeber
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dorinda Marques-de-Silva
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departament o Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Antonio F Martinez
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine and Rare Disease Paediatric Unit, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hossein Moravej
- Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- Portuguese Association for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG), Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies-PPAIN), Departament o Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tiffany Pascreau
- AP-HP, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpital R. Debré, Paris, France
| | - Marc Patterson
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Children's Center, Rochester, New York
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic Children's Center, Rochester, New York
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neurology, Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic Children's Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Dulce Quelhas
- Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, CIBERER, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães, Unidade de Bioquímica Genética, Porto, Portugal
| | - Kimiyo Raymond
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Peymaneh Sarkhail
- Metabolic and Genetic department, Sarem Woman's Hospital, Tehrān, Iran
| | - Manuel Schiff
- Neurologie pédiatrique et maladies métaboliques, (C. Farnoux) - Pôle de pédiatrie médicale CHU, Hôpital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Małgorzata Seroczyńska
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular B e Inmunología, Faculty of Medicine, IMIB-University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Serrano
- Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, U-703 Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nathalie Seta
- AP-HP, Bichat Hospital, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jolanta Sykut-Cegielska
- Department of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Paediatrics, the Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Christian Thiel
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Department, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Federic Tort
- Secció d'Errors Congènits del Metabolisme -IBC, Servei de Bioquímica i Genètica Molecular, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mari-Anne Vals
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paula Videira
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Paediatrics and Metabolic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Renate Zeevaert
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
He C, Zeng S, Teixeira da Silva JA, Yu Z, Tan J, Duan J. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the phosphomannomutase (PMM) gene from Dendrobium officinale and evidence for the involvement of an abiotic stress response during germination. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1693-1704. [PMID: 27987037 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase (PMM, EC 5.4.2.8) catalyzes the interconversion of mannose-6-phosphate to mannose-1-phosphate, the precursor for the synthesis of GDP-mannose. In this study, the complementary DNA (cDNA) of the Phosphomannomutase (PMM) gene was initially cloned from Dendrobium officinale by RACE method. Transient transform result showed that the DoPMM protein was localized in the cytoplasm. The DoPMM gene was highly expressed in the stems of D. officinale both in vegetative and reproductive developmental stages. The putative promoter was cloned by TAIL-PCR and used for searched cis-elements. Stress-related cis-elements like ABRE, TCA-element, and MBS were found in the promoter regions. The DoPMM gene was up-regulated after treatment with abscisic acid, salicylic acid, cold, polyethylene glycol, and NaCl. The total ascorbic acid (AsA) and polysaccharide content in all of the 35S::DoPMM Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines #1, #2, and #5 showed a 40, 39, and 31% increase in AsA and a 77, 22, and 39% increase in polysaccharides, respectively more than wild-type (WT) levels. All three 35S::DoPMM transgenic lines exhibited a higher germination percentage than WT plants when seeded on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 150 mM NaCl or 300 mM mannitol. These results provide genetic evidence for the involvement of PMM genes in the biosynthesis of AsA and polysaccharides and the mediation of PMM genes in abiotic stress tolerance during seed germination in A. thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Songjun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | | | - Zhenming Yu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jianwen Tan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jun Duan
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Gene Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Berger RP, Dookwah M, Steet R, Dalton S. Glycosylation and stem cells: Regulatory roles and application of iPSCs in the study of glycosylation-related disorders. Bioessays 2016; 38:1255-1265. [PMID: 27667795 PMCID: PMC5214967 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation refers to the co- and post-translational modification of protein and lipids by monosaccharides or oligosaccharide chains. The surface of mammalian cells is decorated by a heterogeneous and highly complex array of protein and lipid linked glycan structures that vary significantly between different cell types, raising questions about their roles in development and disease pathogenesis. This review will begin by focusing on recent findings that define roles for cell surface protein and lipid glycosylation in pluripotent stem cells and their functional impact during normal development. Then, we will describe how patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells are being used to model human diseases such as congenital disorders of glycosylation. Collectively, these studies indicate that cell surface glycans perform critical roles in human development and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Berger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Michelle Dookwah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard Steet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Stephen Dalton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chan B, Clasquin M, Smolen GA, Histen G, Powe J, Chen Y, Lin Z, Lu C, Liu Y, Cang Y, Yan Z, Xia Y, Thompson R, Singleton C, Dorsch M, Silverman L, Su SSM, Freeze HH, Jin S. A mouse model of a human congenital disorder of glycosylation caused by loss of PMM2. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:2182-2193. [PMID: 27053713 PMCID: PMC5081049 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG), phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2)-CDG, is caused by mutations in PMM2 that limit availability of mannose precursors required for protein N-glycosylation. The disorder has no therapy and there are no models to test new treatments. We generated compound heterozygous mice with the R137H and F115L mutations in Pmm2 that correspond to the most prevalent alleles found in patients with PMM2-CDG. Many Pmm2R137H/F115L mice died prenatally, while survivors had significantly stunted growth. These animals and cells derived from them showed protein glycosylation deficiencies similar to those found in patients with PMM2-CDG. Growth-related glycoproteins insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, IGF binding protein-3 and acid-labile subunit, along with antithrombin III, were all deficient in Pmm2R137H/F115L mice, but their levels in heterozygous mice were comparable to wild-type (WT) littermates. These imbalances, resulting from defective glycosylation, are likely the cause of the stunted growth seen both in our model and in PMM2-CDG patients. Both Pmm2R137H/F115L mouse and PMM2-CDG patient-derived fibroblasts displayed reductions in PMM activity, guanosine diphosphate mannose, lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor and total cellular protein glycosylation, along with hypoglycosylation of a new endogenous biomarker, glycoprotein 130 (gp130). Over-expression of WT-PMM2 in patient-derived fibroblasts rescued all these defects, showing that restoration of mutant PMM2 activity is a viable therapeutic strategy. This functional mouse model of PMM2-CDG, in vitro assays and identification of the novel gp130 biomarker all shed light on the human disease, and moreover, provide the essential tools to test potential therapeutics for this untreatable disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barden Chan
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139-4169, USA
| | | | | | - Gavin Histen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139-4169, USA
| | - Josh Powe
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139-4169, USA
| | - Yue Chen
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139-4169, USA
| | - Zhizhong Lin
- Cancer Research Center, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chenming Lu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yan Liu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yong Cang
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200131, China Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Marion Dorsch
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139-4169, USA
| | - Lee Silverman
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139-4169, USA
| | | | - Hudson H Freeze
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shengfang Jin
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139-4169, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Barone R, Carrozzi M, Parini R, Battini R, Martinelli D, Elia M, Spada M, Lilliu F, Ciana G, Burlina A, Leuzzi V, Leoni M, Sturiale L, Matthijs G, Jaeken J, Di Rocco M, Garozzo D, Fiumara A. A nationwide survey of PMM2-CDG in Italy: high frequency of a mild neurological variant associated with the L32R mutation. J Neurol 2014; 262:154-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-014-7549-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
18
|
Noreau A, Beauchemin P, Dionne-Laporte A, Dion PA, Rouleau GA, Dupré N. Exome sequencing revealed PMM2 gene mutations in a French-Canadian family with congenital atrophy of the cerebellum. CEREBELLUM & ATAXIAS 2014; 1:8. [PMID: 26331032 PMCID: PMC4552392 DOI: 10.1186/2053-8871-1-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two affected and one unaffected siblings from a French-Canadian family were evaluated in our neurogenetic clinic. The oldest brother had intentional and postural hand tremor while his youngest sister presented mild ataxia, a similar hand tremor and global developmental delay. Brain MRIs of the two affected family members further revealed a significant cerebellar atrophy. For this study we conducted a whole exome sequencing (WES) investigation using genomic DNA prepared from the affected brother and sister, alongside DNA prepared from their unaffected mother, and identified two mutations previously reported to cause a rare disorder known as Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation, type Ia (CDG1A) (OMIM #212065). This study emphasizes how the diagnosis of patients presenting a mild tremor phenotype associated with cerebellar atrophy may benefit from WES in establishing genetic defects associated with their conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Noreau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada ; Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Philippe Beauchemin
- Faculty of Medicine of Laval University and the Department of Neurological Sciences of the Centre Hopitalier, Universitaire de Québec, 1401, 18th Street, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4 Canada
| | | | | | - Patrick A Dion
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada ; Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec Canada ; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada ; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada
| | - Nicolas Dupré
- Faculty of Medicine of Laval University and the Department of Neurological Sciences of the Centre Hopitalier, Universitaire de Québec, 1401, 18th Street, Quebec, QC G1J 1Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mild Clinical and Biochemical Phenotype in Two Patients with PMM2-CDG (Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Ia). THE CEREBELLUM 2011; 11:557-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-011-0313-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
20
|
Vega AI, Pérez-Cerdá C, Abia D, Gámez A, Briones P, Artuch R, Desviat LR, Ugarte M, Pérez B. Expression analysis revealing destabilizing mutations in phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency (PMM2-CDG): expression analysis of PMM2-CDG mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:929-39. [PMID: 21541725 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of phosphomannomutase (PMM2, MIM#601785) is the most common congenital disorder of glycosylation. Herein we report the genetic analysis of 22 Spanish PMM2 deficient patients and the functional analysis of 14 nucleotide changes in a prokaryotic expression system in order to elucidate their molecular pathogenesis. PMM2 activity assay revealed the presence of six protein changes with no enzymatic activities (p.R123Q, p.R141H, p.F157S, p.P184T, p.F207S and p.D209G) and seven mild protein changes with residual activities ranging from 16 to 54% (p.L32R, p.V44A p.D65Y, p.P113L p.T118S, p.T237M and p.C241S) and also one variant change with normal activity (p.E197A). The results obtained from Western blot analysis, degradation time courses of 11 protein changes and structural analysis of the PMM2 protein, suggest that the loss-of-function of most mutant proteins is based on their increased susceptibility to degradation or aggregation compared to the wild type protein, considering PMM2 deficiency as a conformational disease. We have identified exclusively catalytic protein change (p.D209G), catalytic protein changes affecting protein stability (p.R123Q and p.R141H), two protein changes disrupting the dimer interface (p.P113L and p.T118S) and several misfolding changes (p.L32R, p.V44A, p.D65Y, p.F157S, p.P184T, p.F207S, p.T237M and p.C241S). Our current work opens a promising therapeutic option using pharmacological chaperones to revert the effect of the characterized misfolding mutations identified in a wide range of PMM2 deficient patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Vega
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid / Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
A new Capillary Zone Electrophoresis method for the screening of Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). Clin Chim Acta 2010; 411:64-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 10/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
22
|
García-Cazorla A, Wolf NI, Serrano M, Moog U, Pérez-Dueñas B, Póo P, Pineda M, Campistol J, Hoffmann GF. Mental retardation and inborn errors of metabolism. J Inherit Metab Dis 2009; 32:597-608. [PMID: 19685154 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-009-0922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2009] [Revised: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In countries where clinical phenylketonuria is detected by newborn screening inborn errors of metabolism are rare causes of isolated mental retardation. There is no international agreement about what type of metabolic tests must be applied in patients with unspecific mental retardation. However, and although infrequent, there are a number of inborn errors of metabolism that can present in this way. Because of the high recurrence risk and the possibility of specific therapies, guidelines need to be developed and adapted to different populations. The application of a universal protocol may result in a low diagnostic performance in individual ethnic populations. Consideration of associated signs (extraneurological manifestations, psychiatric signs, autistic traits, cerebellar dysfunction, epilepsy or dysmorphic traits) greatly improves the diagnostic fulfilment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A García-Cazorla
- Neurology and Metabolism Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain.
- Neurology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Passeig Sant Joan de Déu, 2, 08950, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - N I Wolf
- Neurology and Metabolism Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child Neurology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Serrano
- Neurology and Metabolism Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - U Moog
- Neurology and Metabolism Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Pérez-Dueñas
- Neurology and Metabolism Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Póo
- Neurology and Metabolism Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pineda
- Neurology and Metabolism Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Campistol
- Neurology and Metabolism Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G F Hoffmann
- Neurology and Metabolism Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, and Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pérez-Dueñas B, García-Cazorla A, Pineda M, Poo P, Campistol J, Cusí V, Schollen E, Matthijs G, Grunewald S, Briones P, Pérez-Cerdá C, Artuch R, Vilaseca MA. Long-term evolution of eight Spanish patients with CDG type Ia: typical and atypical manifestations. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2009; 13:444-51. [PMID: 18948042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorder of glycosylation Ia (CDG-Ia) is a metabolic disease with a broad spectrum of clinical signs, including recently described mild phenotypes. Our aim was to describe the clinical presentation and follow-up of eight CDG-Ia patients highlighting atypical features and aspects of evolution of the disease. CDG diagnosis was confirmed by enzymatic analysis of phosphomannomutase (PMM2) and molecular studies of the PMM2 gene. Four neonates presented with cerebral haemorrhage (1), failure to thrive (2) and non-immune hydrops (1) and a fatal course to death (2); pathological examination of the brain in one case revealed olivopontocerebellar atrophy of prenatal origin. During infancy failure to thrive, coagulopathy and hepatopathy were the most significant causes of morbidity, but these disappeared after the first years of life in most patients. Three patients are currently in their 20s; they present mental retardation and severe motor impairment but no acute decompensations were noticed after the first decade of life. They do not present spinal or thoracic deformities otherwise observed in patients from northern countries. A 10-year-old patient who manifested gastrointestinal dysfunction in early childhood showed normal neurodevelopment. Mutation analysis of the PMM2 gene showed great variability, with all patients being compound heterozygous for two different mutations. Long-term evolution in our patients indicates that CDG-Ia is a stable systemic and neurological condition after the first decade of life. The diverse phenotypes and atypical manifestations in our series may be due to their genetic heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Pérez-Dueñas
- Department of Neurology and Center for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), ISCIII, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vega AI, Pérez-Cerdá C, Desviat LR, Matthijs G, Ugarte M, Pérez B. Functional analysis of three splicing mutations identified in the PMM2 gene: toward a new therapy for congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:795-803. [PMID: 19235233 DOI: 10.1002/humu.20960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a group of diseases caused by genetic defects affecting N-glycosylation. The most prevalent form of CDG-type Ia-is caused by defects in the PMM2 gene. This work reports the study of two new nucleotide changes (c.256-1G>C and c.640-9T>G) identified in the PMM2 gene in CDG1a patients, and of a previously described deep intronic nucleotide change in intron 7 (c.640-15479C>T). Cell-based splicing assays strongly suggest that all these are disease-causing splicing mutations. The c.256-1G>C mutation was found to cause the skipping of exons 3 and 4 in fibroblast cell lines and in a minigene expression system. The c.640-9T>G mutation was found responsible for the activation of a cryptic intronic splice-site in fibroblast cell lines and in a hybrid minigene when cotransfected with certain serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins. Finally, the deep intronic change c.640-15479C>T was found to be responsible for the activation of a pseudoexon sequence in intron 7. The use of morpholino oligonucleotides allowed the production of correctly spliced mRNA that was efficiently translated into functional and immunoreactive PMM protein. The present results suggest a novel mutation-specific approach for the treatment of this genetic disease (for which no effective treatment is yet available), and open up therapeutic possibilities for several genetic disorders in which deep intronic changes are seen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Vega
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Centro de Biología Molecular-SO UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Coman D, McGill J, MacDonald R, Morris D, Klingberg S, Jaeken J, Appleton D. Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1a: Three siblings with a mild neurological phenotype. J Clin Neurosci 2007; 14:668-72. [PMID: 17451957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2006.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report 3 siblings (1 male and 2 female) recently diagnosed with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia (CDG-Ia) in their mid-20s. They experience mild mental retardation but manage to function independently in society. Their professions are library assistant, professional artistic painter and secretarial work. All three siblings have cerebellar hypoplasia and ataxia, but are able to ambulate easily. Two of the siblings have required strabismus surgical repairs. All have antithrombin III deficiency, osteoporosis, and mild dysmorphic features. Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism was a feature of the two female siblings. A type 1 sialotransferrin pattern and phosphomannomutase (PMM) deficiency have been demonstrated. They are compound heterozygotes for R141H and L32R mutations in the PMM2 gene. While there is clinical heterogeneity in CDG-Ia, we believe that our patients are among the mildest of intellectually affected CDG-Ia patients reported to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Coman
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Quelhas D, Quental R, Vilarinho L, Amorim A, Azevedo L. Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type Ia: Searching for the Origin of Common Mutations inPMM2. Ann Hum Genet 2006; 71:348-53. [PMID: 17166182 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are a group of recessive genetic disorders characterized by hypoglycosylation of glycoproteins. CDG-Ia, the most common type, is caused by mutations in the PMM2 gene, coding for a phosphomannomutase (PMM2; EC 5.4.2.8). The mutational spectrum of PMM2 comprises more than 80 different mutations but one of them, R141H, is particularly interesting due to its high frequency among CDG-Ia patients worldwide. In contrast, other mutations are ethnically or geographically restricted, such as D65Y which is only found in patients of Iberian ancestry. In the present study a population genetic approach was used in an attempt to clarify the origins of two important disease causing mutations: R141H and D65Y. Based on SNP and STR genotypic analysis, we ascertained an association between the R141H substitution and a particular haplotype, suggesting a common origin for all the mutated chromosomes. Similar results were found for D65Y, although the associated haplotype was different from that of R141H, suggesting independent origins for these two mutations. Our results enable us to infer an Iberian origin for the D65Y mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Quelhas
- IGMJM - Institute of Medical Genetics Jacinto de Magalhães, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kedzierski L, Malby RL, Smith BJ, Perugini MA, Hodder AN, Ilg T, Colman PM, Handman E. Structure of Leishmania mexicana Phosphomannomutase Highlights Similarities with Human Isoforms. J Mol Biol 2006; 363:215-27. [PMID: 16963079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase (PMM) catalyses the conversion of mannose-6-phosphate to mannose-1-phosphate, an essential step in mannose activation and the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates in all eukaryotes. Deletion of PMM from Leishmania mexicana results in loss of virulence, suggesting that PMM is a promising drug target for the development of anti-leishmanial inhibitors. We report the crystallization and structure determination to 2.1 A of L. mexicana PMM alone and in complex with glucose-1,6-bisphosphate to 2.9 A. PMM is a member of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) family, but has a novel dimeric structure and a distinct cap domain of unique topology. Although the structure is novel within the HAD family, the leishmanial enzyme shows a high degree of similarity with its human isoforms. We have generated L. major PMM knockouts, which are avirulent. We expressed the human pmm2 gene in the Leishmania PMM knockout, but despite the similarity between Leishmania and human PMM, expression of the human gene did not restore virulence. Similarities in the structure of the parasite enzyme and its human isoforms suggest that the development of parasite-selective inhibitors will not be an easy task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Kedzierski
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cohn RD, Eklund E, Bergner AL, Casella JF, Woods SL, Althaus J, Blakemore KJ, Fox HE, Hoover-Fong JE, Hamosh A, Braverman NE, Freeze HH, Boyadjiev SA. Intracranial hemorrhage as the initial manifestation of a congenital disorder of glycosylation. Pediatrics 2006; 118:e514-21. [PMID: 16816004 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2005-1307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage in a term neonate is a rare event in the absence of an identifiable precipitating factor such as severe thrombocytopenia, mechanical trauma, asphyxia, infections, or congenital vascular malformations. Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of multisystem disorders characterized by the abnormal glycosylation of a number of glycoproteins. Although bleeding caused by abnormal glycosylation of various coagulation factors is a well-known clinical complication of several types of congenital disorders of glycosylation, intracranial hemorrhage has not been reported as an initial manifestation of this entity. Here we report the detailed history of a family with 2 consecutive male infants, both born at term with intracranial hemorrhage diagnosed within the first 24 hours of life. The diagnosis of a congenital disorder of glycosylation was established in the second infant by an abnormal glycosylation of serum transferrin detected by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Both infants showed significant neurologic deterioration during the first month of life, and both died at 5 months of age. Intracranial hemorrhage in a term neonate without a potential precipitating factor represents yet another clinical feature that should raise the suspicion for a congenital disorder of glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald D Cohn
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Children's Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Blalock 1008, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The spectrum of all glycan structures--the glycome--is immense. In humans, its size is orders of magnitude greater than the number of proteins that are encoded by the genome, one percent of which encodes proteins that make, modify, localize or bind sugar chains, which are known as glycans. In the past decade, over 30 genetic diseases have been identified that alter glycan synthesis and structure, and ultimately the function of nearly all organ systems. Many of the causal mutations affect key biosynthetic enzymes, but more recent discoveries point to defects in chaperones and Golgi-trafficking complexes that impair several glycosylation pathways. As more glycosylation disorders and patients with these disorders are identified, the functions of the glycome are starting to be revealed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hudson H Freeze
- Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly expanding group of metabolic syndromes with a wide symptomatology and severity. They all stem from deficient N-glycosylation of proteins. To date the group contains 18 different subtypes: 12 of Type I (disrupted synthesis of the lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor) and 6 of Type II (malfunctioning trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide). Main features of CDG involve psychomotor retardation; ataxia; seizures; retinopathy; liver fibrosis; coagulopathies; failure to thrive; dysmorphic features, including inverted nipples and subcutaneous fat pads; and strabismus. No treatment currently is available for the vast majority of these syndromes (CDG-Ib and CDG-IIc are exceptions), even though attempts to synthesize drugs for the most common subtype, CDG-Ia, have been made. In this review we will discuss the individual syndromes, with focus on their neuronal involvement, available and possible treatments, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik A. Eklund
- />Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- />Program for Glycobiology and Carbohydrate Chemistry, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 92037 La Jolla, California
| | - Hudson H. Freeze
- />Program for Glycobiology and Carbohydrate Chemistry, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 92037 La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Giurgea I, Michel A, Le Merrer M, Seta N, de Lonlay P. Underdiagnosis of mild congenital disorders of glycosylation type Ia. Pediatr Neurol 2005; 32:121-3. [PMID: 15664773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2004.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 06/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation-Ia are the most frequent type of congenital disorders of glycosylation. This condition affects the nervous system as well as other organs. The estimated incidence of congenital disorders of glycosylation-Ia is higher than the number of identified cases, therefore underdiagnosis of this heterogeneous disorder is probable. Neurologic and biologic signs are hallmarks for the identification of patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation-Ia. This report describes two children with congenital disorders of glycosylation-Ia syndrome confirmed by phosphomannomutase gene mutations with normal development and absence of biologic anomalies such as elevated transaminases and altered hemostasis. In conclusion, congenital disorders of glycosylation should be considered in cases of unexplained behavioral symptoms such as hyperactivity and concentration difficulties and mild neurologic signs. Intellectual retardation is often overestimated because of dysarthria and motor difficulties. Psychomotor reeducation might improve quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Giurgea
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Genetics, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, 149 rue de Sèvres, 75743 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Coman D, Klingberg S, Morris D, McGill J, Mercer H. Congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia in a 6-year-old girl with a mild intellectual phenotype: two novel PMM2 mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis 2005; 28:1189-90. [PMID: 16435227 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-005-0166-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We report two novel mutations in the PMM2 gene in a girl with congenital disorder of gylcosylation type Ia (CDG Ia) and a mild intellectual phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Coman
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marklová E, Albahri Z. Pitfalls and drawbacks in screening of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2004; 42:583-9. [PMID: 15259372 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2004.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation include a group of diseases, each of them caused by different protein (mostly enzyme) impairment due to a specific gene defect. The many subtypes are classified according to clinical features, enzymology and molecular genetic analyses. Problems in diagnostics arise from the great diversity in clinical presentation, usually age-related, and different severities of individual types of these, by far underdiagnosed, diseases. Also the biochemical findings tend to vary, even within a single type. No one screening test, common for all types, is available so far. Several methods of choice may be used in the first approach; other procedures must follow for detailed typing of the defect. Possible drawbacks and pitfalls in the diagnostics from the viewpoint of our 3-year studies and practical screening experience are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Marklová
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Miller BS, Freeze HH. New disorders in carbohydrate metabolism: congenital disorders of glycosylation and their impact on the endocrine system. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2003; 4:103-13. [PMID: 12618564 DOI: 10.1023/a:1021883605280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley S Miller
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Briones P, Vilaseca MA, Schollen E, Ferrer I, Maties M, Busquets C, Artuch R, Gort L, Marco M, van Schaftingen E, Matthijs G, Jaeken J, Chabás A. Biochemical and molecular studies in 26 Spanish patients with congenital disorder of glycosylation type Ia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2002; 25:635-46. [PMID: 12705494 DOI: 10.1023/a:1022825113506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We present our experience with the diagnosis of 26 patients (19 families) with congenital disorders of glycosylation classified as type Ia due to PMM deficiency. In all but one of these CDG Ia families the patients are compound heterozygous for mutations in PMM2. Eighteen different mutations were detected. In contrast to other series in which R141H represents 43-50% of the alleles, only 9/36 (25%) alleles have this mutation. Two mutations (R123Q and T237M) have been found on three disease chromosomes, four (V44A, Y64C, P113L and F207S) on two disease chromosomes and 12 mutations (D65Y, Y76C, IVS3+2C>T, E93A, R123X, V129M, I153T, F157S, E197A, N216I, T226S, C241S) only on one disease chromosome. V44A and D65Y probably originated in the Iberian peninsula, as they have only been reported in Portuguese and Latin-American patients; Y64C, Y76C, R123X and F207S have not been detected in other patients. R123X is the only stop codon mutation so far described in PMM2. The common European F119L mutation has not been found in our patients, although it is very frequent in other populations (43% allele frequency in Danish patients). Probably because of this genetic heterogeneity, Spanish patients show very diverse phenotypes that are, in general, milder than in other series. This points to the necessity of widening the criteria for CDG in the routine screening for inborn metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Briones
- Institut de Bioquímica Clínica, Corporació Sanitària Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Enns GM, Steiner RD, Buist N, Cowan C, Leppig KA, McCracken MF, Westphal V, Freeze HH, O'brien JF, Jaeken J, Matthijs G, Behera S, Hudgins L. Clinical and molecular features of congenital disorder of glycosylation in patients with type 1 sialotransferrin pattern and diverse ethnic origins. J Pediatr 2002; 141:695-700. [PMID: 12410200 DOI: 10.1067/mpd.2002.128658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To increase awareness of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), we report the features of patients with a variety of clinical presentations ranging from mild hypotonia and strabismus to severe neurologic impairment. STUDY DESIGN Nine North American patients with CDG type I and different ethnic origins were studied. RESULTS All patients had transferrin isoelectric focusing studies with a type 1 sialotransferrin pattern. Molecular analysis showed the previously described R141H, V231M, and T237M PMM2 mutations in four patients as well as 3 rare mutations (DeltaC389, L104V, and IVS1 -1 G-->A) in the PMM2 gene in two Asian patients. CONCLUSIONS The clinical features of these patients with diverse ethnic backgrounds confirm the variable course of CDG type I. Screening for CDG should be considered in children with relatively mild neurologic impairment, especially if they have suggestive findings such as cerebellar hypoplasia and abnormal fat distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Enns
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|